CN104206716A - Biological organic aquaculture nutrition fertilizer powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological organic aquaculture nutrition fertilizer powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104206716A CN104206716A CN201410425747.1A CN201410425747A CN104206716A CN 104206716 A CN104206716 A CN 104206716A CN 201410425747 A CN201410425747 A CN 201410425747A CN 104206716 A CN104206716 A CN 104206716A
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- bacteria
- fertilizer
- vitamin
- powder
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Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a biological organic aquaculture nutrition fertilizer powder and a preparation method thereof. The nutrition fertilizer powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, trace element, ferment mixed bacteria, ferment bacteria, amino acid, vitamin complex, actinomycetes and Photosynthetic bacteria. The ferment mixed bacteria is uniformly mixed with water to obtain a diluted bacteria solution; the diluted bacteria solution is added into the organic fertilizer, uniformly mixed, stacked, cycled and flipped to obtain a primary fermented product; the ferment bacteria is added into the primary fermented product and the primary fermented product is fermented until the product becomes thoroughly decomposed, and then the product is subjected to low-temperature drying and crushing into a secondary fermented product; the inorganic fertilizer, trace element, amino acid, vitamin complex, actinomycetes and Photosynthetic bacteria are added into the secondary fermented product and the mixture is granulated and then sorted to obtain the biological organic aquaculture nutrition feed powder. The wastes from agriculture and animal husbandry are used as the main raw materials of the nutrition fertilizer powder, the fish nutrient supply problem is solved, and the heavy metal and organic matter pollution problems in the production process of fishes are also solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquatic product nutrition materials, in particular to a biological organic aquaculture nutrition material powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the death of fishes in large area is frequent, and the farmers can also have virus and bacterial fish diseases on the polluted land according to the conventional culture and planting method. In addition, due to the long-term use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the content of artificial organic pollutants in a water environment is higher and higher, the phenomena of water environment pollution and ecological imbalance in China are more and more serious, the yield and the quality of fishes are seriously influenced, the living environment of human beings is threatened, and the problems of water environment pollution, the quality of fishes and safety caused by the phenomena are more and more concerned by people and become a bottleneck restricting the continuous and efficient development of new-stage fish production.
However, the traditional organic fertilizer products cannot better solve various pollution problems, so that the development of novel biological environment-friendly fertilizers is accelerated by using modern biotechnology means.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a biological organic aquaculture nutrient material powder and a preparation method thereof. The invention takes the agricultural and animal husbandry wastes as the main raw materials to prepare the biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder, thereby solving the problems of fish nutrient supply and heavy metal and organic matter pollution in the fish production process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the nutrient powder for the bio-organic aquaculture provided by the invention comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of an organic fertilizer, 20-25 parts of an inorganic fertilizer, 4-8 parts of trace elements, 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation complex bacteria, 1-2 parts of ferment bacteria, 3-7 parts of amino acids, 1-5 parts of complex vitamins, 0.3-0.8 part of actinomycetes and 0.3-0.8 part of photosynthetic bacteria.
Actinomycetes (Actinomycetes) are a group of prokaryotes which grow mainly in the shape of hyphae and reproduce in spores with strong terrestrial power. They are named because they grow radially on solid media. Most have developed branched hyphae. The hypha is fine, the width is similar to that of the rod-shaped bacteria, and the diameter is about 0.5 to 1 micron. The method can be divided into the following steps: the nutrient hyphae, also called substrate hyphae, have the main function of absorbing nutrient substances, and some can produce different pigments, which is an important basis for strain identification; aerial hyphae, also called secondary hyphae, are superposed on vegetative hyphae.
The vast majority are heterotrophic, except for a few autotrophic species, such as Streptomyces autotrophus. Heterotrophic bacteria have widely varying nutritional requirements, some can utilize simple compounds and some require complex organic compounds. They can utilize different carbohydrates including sugars, starches, organic acids, cellulose, hemicellulose, etc. as energy sources. The best carbon sources are glucose, maltose, dextrin, starch and glycerol, and sucrose, xylose, raffinose, alcohols and organic acids. The organic acids such as acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and malic acid are easy to use, while oxalic acid, tartaric acid and hippuric acid are difficult to use. Some actinomycetes can also utilize chitin, hydrocarbons, tannins and even rubber.
In the nitrogen nutrition, nitrate is most suitable for proteins, peptone and certain amino acids? Ammonium salts and minor salts. Most actinomycetes, except nocardia, utilize casein and liquefy gelatin. Like other organisms, the growth of actinomycetes generally requires K, Mg, Fe, Cu and Ca, where Mg and K have a significant effect on hyphal growth and antibiotic production. The mineral nutrition required for the production of various antibiotics is not completely the same, for example, Zn element is necessary for the production of neomycin by Streptomyces fradiae, and Mg, Fe, Cu, Al, Mn and the like do not work. Co is an essential element for actinomycetes to produce vitamin B12, and can improve the vitamin yield of the streptomyces griseus by three times when the culture medium contains 1 or 2ppm of Co, and can generate toxic effect when the content of Co in the culture medium is up to 20-50 ppm. In addition, Co also has the function of promoting sporulation.
Most actinomycetes are aerobic, and only some species are microaerophilic and anaerobic. Therefore, enough ventilation must be ensured in the process of producing antibiotics by industrial fermentation; the temperature also has influence on the growth of actinomycetes, the optimal growth temperature of most actinomycetes is 23-37 ℃, the growth temperature range of high-temperature actinomycetes is 50-65 ℃, and a plurality of strains still grow well below 20-23 ℃; the actinomycete mycelium has stronger drying resistance than the bacterial trophosome, and a plurality of strains can survive for about one and a half year in a drier filled with CaCl2 and H2SO 4.
Actinomycetes can decompose many organic compounds, including complex compounds such as aromatic compounds, paraffin, rubber, cellulose, wood and the like, and some compounds with strong toxicity such as cyanogen and the like. Therefore, the actinomycetes not only have positive effects in natural substance circulation, but also in biological treatment of sewage and organic solid waste, and can promote soil to form a granular structure so as to improve soil.
The photosynthetic bacteria are rich in nutrition and high in nutritive value, and the thalli contain rich amino acid, folic acid and B vitamins, especially vitamin B12 and biotin with high content, and a physiologically active substance coenzyme Q. The photosynthetic bacteria have the volume which is one twentieth of that of chlorella and are particularly suitable for serving as initial feed for newly hatched larval fish. Photosynthetic bacteria are used as initial feed, so that the survival rate of the fry can be greatly improved. The photosynthetic bacteria can also be added into the feed as a feed additive, and enzymes contained in the photosynthetic bacteria can promote the digestion and absorption of the fish on the feed, improve the feed utilization rate, reduce the feed coefficient and obviously improve the growth speed of the fish.
After the photosynthetic bacteria are applied to the water body, the photosynthetic bacteria are rapidly propagated into dominant bacterial populations in the water body, so that the water quality is improved, the growth and propagation of harmful bacteria are inhibited, the quantity of the harmful bacteria is reduced, and the occurrence of fish diseases is reduced. The disease prevention effect of the photosynthetic bacteria is very effective.
After photosynthetic bacteria are applied to the water body, algae which fishes like to eat such as diatom and chlorella become dominant algae, and harmful algae such as blue algae are inhibited. The photosynthetic bacteria can greatly utilize ammonia nitrogen in water, and can effectively avoid the generation of 'water bloom', such as the mass propagation of blue algae.
Further, the fermentation compound bacteria are mixed bacteria of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger, wherein the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the saccharomycetes, the aspergillus niger and the trichoderma reesei is 2: 0-4: 1-2.
And further, the fermentation composite bacteria are mixed bacteria of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger, wherein the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the aspergillus niger to the trichoderma reesei is 3: 2: 3.
The method comprises the steps of taking livestock and poultry manure (such as cow manure) as a treatment object, selecting 4 microbial agents of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger, respectively investigating the influence of the four microbial agents on a composting fermentation process and the influence of the addition of different microbial agents on the temperature rise effect of the compost by taking the temperature rise and rise speed, the composting temperature, the composting time and the like in the composting process as indexes, and determining the optimal ratio of fermenting composite bacteria as bacillus subtilis/aspergillus niger/trichoderma reesei: 3: 2: 3.
Research shows that the compost can be completely decomposed in about 10 days by adopting the fermentation composite bacteria, and the seed germination index of a cow dung compost product is improved by 21.7 percent.
And further, the organic fertilizer is a mixture of livestock excrement, bran, bean cake and calcium carbonate powder, wherein the livestock excrement is one or more of cow dung, pig dung and pig dung, and the weight ratio of the livestock excrement, the bran, the bean cake and the calcium carbonate powder in the organic fertilizer is 10: 1-3: 1-2.
And further, the inorganic fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer of a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the inorganic fertilizer is 2: 1-2.
And further, the trace elements comprise calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum, wherein the weight ratio of the calcium, the magnesium, the sulfur, the boron, the zinc, the selenium and the molybdenum is 2: 1-3: 0.5-1: 3-5: 1-2: 7-9: 1-4.
Further, the compound vitamin is a mixture of vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin C, wherein the weight ratio of the vitamin A, the vitamin B and the vitamin C in the compound vitamin is 1: 1-3.
The invention provides a preparation method of a biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements, fermentation compound bacteria, ferment bacteria, amino acid, compound vitamin, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria according to the weight part ratio;
2) uniformly mixing the fermentation composite bacteria and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 5-50 to obtain diluted bacteria liquid;
3) adding the diluted bacterial liquid obtained in the step 2) into an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, piling up, circularly turning over, and fermenting for 10-15 days to obtain a basic decomposition state to obtain a primary fermented product;
4) adding ferment bacteria into the primary fermented product obtained in the step 3), fermenting until the fermented product is completely decomposed, drying at low temperature, and crushing to obtain a secondary fermented product;
5) adding inorganic fertilizer, trace elements, amino acid, compound vitamin, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria into the secondary fermentation product obtained in the step 4), uniformly mixing, granulating into balls, and sorting to obtain the biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention makes full use of livestock and poultry excrement, plant straws and other agricultural wastes, converts the livestock and poultry excrement, the plant straws and other agricultural wastes into the biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder, can realize the cyclic utilization of resources, reduces the harm of the excrement to the aquaculture environment, reduces the bad smell of the aquaculture plant, consumes the peripheral accumulated plant straws and other agricultural wastes, improves the peripheral environment of the aquaculture plant, changes waste into valuables, and plays a great role in promoting the development of social economy.
2. The invention has rich nutrition, rapid water fertilization and long fertilizer effect, can obviously improve the water quality, reduce the emergency reaction of fishes, shrimps and crabs, and reduce the incidence rate of virus and bacterial fish diseases, and can be used as fertilizer and bait. The method is widely applicable to the culture of fry, fingerlings, adult fishes, shrimps, crabs, mussels and pearl culture and the like, and the application range comprises ponds, reservoirs, lakes and intensive culture fish ponds.
3. The invention adopts the bioengineering technology to produce the biological environment-friendly fertilizer, reduces the usage amount of the chemical fertilizer and the pesticide, advocates a new ecological planting mode, seeks to comprehensively solve the problem of agricultural production environment pollution caused by inorganic chemical fertilizers and highly toxic pesticides, and provides powerful guarantee for producing high-yield, safe, high-quality and high-efficiency agricultural products.
4. The preparation process of the bio-organic fertilizer is simple and has good economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of different microbial agents on the temperature rise of pig manure fermentation;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of Bacillus subtilis on temperature increase;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different addition amounts of Aspergillus niger on temperature rise;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different addition amounts of Trichoderma reesei on temperature increase;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of yeast on temperature increase;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a single factor analysis of a pilot test;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of warming the fermentation medium.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the invention, the following further illustrate the main content of the invention in connection with specific examples, but the content of the invention is not limited to the following examples.
First, the theoretical basis verification in the invention
1. Research on optimal microbial inoculum combination of fermentation complex bacteria
1.1 Experimental materials and methods
1.1.1 test strains
Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus niger, all provided by the national emphasis laboratory of agricultural microbiology of university of Huazhong agriculture.
1.1.2 animal manure
Cow dung is provided by Wuhan Ruizziyuan biology environmental protection science and technology Limited.
1.1.3 study of the heating effect of different microbial inoculum on cow dung fermentation
170g of cow dung and 80g of corn straw powder are filled into a can bottle to be uniformly mixed, the water content is adjusted to be about 60%, the can bottle is sealed, sterilized for 15min at the temperature of 115 ℃, naturally cooled and then put into a refrigerator to be inoculated after the temperature is reduced to 8 ℃, and bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, trichoderma reesei and yeast are respectively inoculated with the inoculation amount of 4 per mill. The yeast is rehydrated in 2% sucrose solution at 40 deg.C for 15min, then cooled to 30 deg.C, activated for 2h, and inoculated. The control group was replaced with distilled water. The cells were incubated in a beaker at 8 ℃ in a freezer and the temperature was recorded every 12 h.
1.1.4 influence of different addition amounts of functional microbial inoculum on cow dung fermentation heating effect
A total of 28 cans were prepared. 170g of livestock and poultry manure and 80g of corn straw powder are filled in each can, mixed uniformly, and sterilized for 15min at 115 ℃ after sealing.
Taking No. 1-7 bottles, adding 1.0g of Aspergillus niger, 1.0g of Trichoderma reesei and 1.0g of yeast respectively, and then adding 0g, 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g and 3.0g of bacillus respectively.
Taking No. 8-14 bottles, adding 1.0g of bacillus, 1.0g of trichoderma reesei and 1.0g of yeast respectively, and then adding 0g, 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g and 3.0g of aspergillus niger respectively.
Taking No. 15-21 bottles, adding 1.0g of Aspergillus niger, 1.0g of bacillus and 1.0g of yeast respectively, and then adding 0g, 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g and 3.0g of Trichoderma reesei respectively.
Taking No. 22-28 bottles, adding Aspergillus niger 1.0g, Trichoderma reesei 1.0g and Bacillus 1.0g, and adding yeast 0g, yeast 0.5g, yeast 1.0g, yeast 1.5g, yeast 2.0g, yeast 2.5g and yeast 3.0 g.
And (3) fermenting the 28 cans in a refrigerator at the temperature of 8 ℃, recording the temperature at intervals of 12 hours, and inspecting the influence of different addition amounts of the functional microbial inoculum on the heating effect.
1.1.5 Industrial verification test of temperature rise effect of different microbial agents on cow dung fermentation
The industrial verification test is carried out by Wuhan Ruizziyuan biology environmental protection science and technology limited. Fresh cow dung is used as a main raw material, corn straw powder is added as an auxiliary material for compost fermentation, the water content is adjusted to be about 60%, and the fresh cow dung is mechanically mixed and turned. Pile height 1m, cone shape. When the temperature rises to be above 30 ℃, turning is started, and 14: 00 turning over once. The compost amount is 1.0 ton, 5 test groups are totally arranged, yeast, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma and aspergillus niger are respectively added, the inoculation amount is 1 per mill, and the corn straw powder is used for replacing the microbial inoculum for a control group. Measuring the temperature of the compost before turning, measuring the temperature 15cm below the surface layer every 24 hours, and measuring 5 points at the middle part and the top part of each side of the conical compost respectively. Samples were taken at the beginning and end of the compost, at 25cm below the surface, at 5 points in the middle and at the top of each side of the conical compost, respectively, and the sample amount was about 200g, and stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃. The fermentation was stopped when no significant malodour was present.
1.1.6 Industrial verification test of optimal microbial inoculum combination
Fresh cow dung of Wuhan Ruizziyuan biological environmental protection science and technology Limited is used as a main raw material, corn straw powder is added as an auxiliary material, the water content is adjusted to be about 60%, and mechanical mixing and manual turning are adopted. The compost amount is 0.5 ton/heap, 4 treatments are totally set, 2 are repeated, and the treatment is respectively as follows: the group A is inoculated with an optimal microbial inoculum combination starter; group B is blank control; group C is inoculated with an average formula starter; and the group D is inoculated with yeast-free leaven. The specific formulation is shown in table 1. The pile height is 0.5m, and the pile is conical. When the temperature rises to be above 30 ℃, turning is started, and 14: 00 turning over once, wherein the inoculation amount is 1 per mill, and the corn straw powder is used for replacing the microbial inoculum for a control group.
Table 1 effect verification test design of optimal microbial inoculum combination
1.1.7 measurement of seed Germination
Preparing a sample leaching solution: taking 10g of compost test sample from a 150mL triangular flask, adding 90mL of distilled water, adding about 10-20 glass beads, shaking on a 120r/min shaking table for 30min, precipitating for 30min, and taking supernatant.
Cultivating Chinese cabbage seeds: a layer of filter paper is laid in the clean culture dish, and the size of the filter paper is matched with that of the plate. 5mL of the sample extract was poured into the dish to thoroughly wet the filter paper. Then evenly placing 10 complete-particle Chinese cabbage seeds on the filter paper, putting the Chinese cabbage seeds into an incubator at 25 ℃ for 3 days, and taking out the Chinese cabbage seeds for detection. Distilled water was used as a control in place of the sample leachate.
Determination of seed germination index: the root and stem lengths after germination of the seeds were measured and recorded separately using a ruler, and the number of seeds that did not germinate was recorded. Calculating the formula: the germination index gi (germination index) is (germination rate of leach liquor seeds × germination root length)/(germination rate of blank liquor seeds × germination root length) × 100%.
1.1.8 determination of the Water content
Drying the glass plate at 105 ℃ for 0.5h, and recording the mass m after cooling0. GetAdding about 10g of sample to be measured into the dried glass plate, and weighing m1. Drying at 105 ℃ for 4-6 h and weighing m2. The water content is calculated according to the following formula: w ═ m1-m2)/(m1-m0)×100％。
1.2 results and analysis
1.2.1 Pilot study of different microbial inoculum on cow dung fermentation heating effect
Among the 4 tested functional microbial inoculum, the order of the temperature raising effect on cow dung fermentation is bacillus, aspergillus niger, trichoderma and yeast.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the best warming effect is Bacillus subtilis, the warming effect can reach 5 ℃ probably because spores generate a large amount of biological heat during germination, so that the system is rapidly warmed, and the yeast has low activity at 8 ℃ and the warming difference with a blank control is not large.
1.2.2 Effect of different addition amounts of Bacillus subtilis on compost temperature rise
During the solid fermentation process, the bacillus subtilis produces a large amount of spores. Spores germinate under appropriate conditions, and a large amount of heat can be generated to heat the system. Moreover, the bacillus subtilis can produce a large amount of protease and amylase to decompose crude protein and starch in cow dung.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, when the amount of Bacillus added in the mixed culture was 1.5g, the activity exhibited by the starter was the strongest.
1.2.3 Effect of different addition amounts of Aspergillus niger on compost temperature rise
Aspergillus niger belongs to mould, and a large amount of black spores are formed in the process of producing an Aspergillus niger microbial inoculum by solid fermentation, and the spores germinate under the conditions of proper temperature and humidity. The straw powder added as an auxiliary material in the test material contains a large amount of cellulose and hemicellulose which are difficult to decompose and utilize by other types of microorganisms, but can be used as a carbon source substance for aspergillus niger spore germination and hypha growth. Aspergillus niger generates a lot of heat in the process of utilizing cellulose and hemicellulose in the raw and auxiliary materials.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the starter exhibited the strongest activity when 1.0g of Aspergillus niger was added to the mixed culture.
1.2.4 Effect of different addition amounts of Trichoderma reesei on compost temperature rise
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the optimal dose of Trichoderma in the mixed strain is 1.5g, i.e., 1.5g of Trichoderma is added, the starter shows the strongest activity. The Trichoderma reesei used in the test is a cellulase high-yield strain, and the solid fermentation microbial inoculum contains a large amount of cellulase and can decompose cellulose in raw and auxiliary materials to serve as a carbon source.
1.2.5 Effect of different addition amounts of Yeast on compost temperature rise
As can be seen from fig. 5, the addition amount of yeast is not much related to the temperature rise, and the results of the one-factor test are further verified: the temperature rising effect of the compost due to the addition of the yeast is not obvious. The yeast used in the test is high-temperature saccharomyces cerevisiae. General yeast can use only monosaccharide or oligosaccharide as a carbon source, but cannot use starch. It was found that the reducing sugar content of cow dung used in the test was 2.413mg/g, which did not provide sufficient carbon source for yeast growth, and thus the temperature rise was slow.
According to the single-factor experiment results, the optimal ratio of the four test strains in the cow dung compost is bacillus subtilis: aspergillus niger: trichoderma 3: 2: 3.
1.2.6 factory pilot test results of different microbial inoculum on cow dung fermentation heating effect
The optimum temperature of thermophilic microorganism in the compost is 55-60 ℃, and organic matters can be degraded greatly and cellulose can be decomposed rapidly at the temperature. The organic matter can be rapidly consumed by the excessively high temperature of the compost, and the quality of the compost product is reduced. However, the compost is not easy to be decomposed at too low temperature, and the activity of microorganisms in the compost at about 40 ℃ is only about 2/3 which is the optimal temperature, so that the decomposition of harmful substances is slow, the composting time is prolonged, and the compost is not easy to be decomposed. Therefore, while raising the compost temperature, the compost is aerated and cooled in a pile turning mode, so that the temperature of the compost is between 55 and 60 ℃ and the highest biodegradation activity is achieved.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the effect of temperature rise was not much different among the groups within one day from the start of composting. However, the temperature of the test group added with the microbial inoculum is increased rapidly after one day, and the temperature of the blank control group without any microbial inoculum is continuously and smoothly increased. Moreover, the temperature rising effect is most obvious by adding aspergillus niger and trichoderma, the early temperature rising effect of the aspergillus niger is obvious, and the middle and later temperature rising effect of adding the trichoderma has obvious temperature rising acceleration effect. This is probably due to the large number of ungerminated spores in Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma spp, which germinate in the composting system to generate heat resulting in accelerated temperature rise. In the test, the temperature rise effect of the bacillus subtilis is lower than that of other three microbial agents, and the result is different from that of laboratory experiments. Probably, the initial temperature of the small test is 8 ℃, and the initial temperature of the middle test is 14 ℃, so that the germination of fungal spores is more facilitated, and the temperature rise effect of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma is better than that of Bacillus subtilis. The yeast also shows certain activity in the process of temperature rise, probably because indigenous microorganisms in the compost decompose starch and the like into monosaccharide or oligosaccharide which is used as a carbon source for yeast growth.
1.2.7 Effect verification of optimal combinations of microbial Agents
As shown in FIG. 7, after the optimal microbial inoculum combination in group A, the temperature of the compost can reach 60 ℃ on the second day, and the temperature of B, C, D groups can reach 60 ℃ on the fourth day. Therefore, the fermentation inoculant with the optimized formula can be used for shortening the temperature rise time at the initial stage of composting and enabling the composting to enter a high-temperature stage quickly.
Until now, researchers have proposed various indexes for evaluating the compost maturity degree from the physical, chemical and biological changes of the compost. Biological determination of the phytotoxicity of compost is an effective method for testing the compost maturity. The Germination Index (GI) is an index for evaluating the degree of harmlessness of compost by examining whether the compost inhibits the germination of plants, and can detect the phytotoxicity level of compost samples and predict the change of the phytotoxicity of the compost.
The organic fertilizer is applied to crop production. The germination index of the seeds is used as a biological index, can objectively reflect the application safety of compost products, and is a reliable maturity evaluation index. It is believed by the investigator that in the trial, if the GI > 50% indicates that the compost has become thoroughly decomposed and has reached an acceptable level, i.e. is substantially non-toxic. The seed germination index of the test products of this trial are shown in table 2.
Table 2 germination index determination for effect verification test of optimum combinations of microbial agents
The test results show that the germination index of the seeds of all experimental groups is more than 50 percent, and the seeds are basically rotten. The germination index of the seeds in the group A (inoculated with the optimal microbial inoculum combination) is 88.9 percent, the seeds are thoroughly decomposed, and the inhibition effect on plant germination due to incomplete decomposition is basically eliminated. This is because group a heats up quickly, the high temperature period is relatively long, and the decomposition is more complete. Therefore, the addition of the fermentation inoculant with the optimized formula has a good effect of promoting the maturity of the compost. In actual production, the production time can be shortened, the production cost can be reduced, the utilization rate of the composting field can be improved, and the construction cost of the composting field can be reduced.
The method respectively researches the promoting effect of four microorganisms, namely yeast, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma and aspergillus niger, on the fermentation of the cow dung compost, discusses the interaction of the microorganisms during the compost fermentation, and simultaneously obtains a group of high-efficiency microorganism combinations capable of quickly heating and decomposing the cow dung compost. The test result shows that the ratio of the high-efficiency microorganism composition is bacillus subtilis: aspergillus niger: trichoderma reesei: 3: 2: 3, and the yeast has no obvious effect in the temperature rise process. The pilot test result shows that the compost can be decomposed in about 10 days by using the microbial combination, and the seed germination indexes of cow dung compost products are respectively improved by 21.7%.
Example 1
The preparation method of the biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 60 parts of organic fertilizer, 25 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 8 parts of trace elements, 0.5 part of fermentation compound bacteria, 1 part of ferment bacteria, 7 parts of amino acid, 5 parts of compound vitamin, 0.8 part of actinomycetes and 0.3 part of photosynthetic bacteria according to the weight part ratio; wherein,
the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the yeast to the aspergillus niger to the trichoderma reesei is 2: 1; (ii) a The weight ratio of cow dung, bran and bean cake in the organic fertilizer is 10: 1; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the inorganic fertilizer is 1: 1; the weight ratio of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum in the trace elements is 2: 1: 5: 2: 7: 4; the weight ratio of vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin C in the compound vitamin is 1: 1;
2) uniformly mixing the fermentation composite bacteria and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 5 to obtain diluted bacteria liquid;
3) adding the diluted bacterial liquid obtained in the step 2) into an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, stacking into a pile, circularly turning, and fermenting for 10-15 days to obtain a basic decomposition state to obtain a primary fermented product;
4) adding ferment bacteria into the primary fermented product obtained in the step 3), fermenting until the fermented product is completely decomposed, drying at low temperature, and crushing to obtain a secondary fermented product;
5) adding inorganic fertilizer, trace elements, amino acid, compound vitamin, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria into the secondary fermentation product obtained in the step 4), uniformly mixing, granulating into balls, and sorting to obtain the biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder.
Example 2
The preparation method of the biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 70 parts of organic fertilizer, 20 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 4 parts of trace elements, 0.1 part of fermentation compound bacteria, 1 part of ferment bacteria, 3 parts of amino acid, 1 part of compound vitamin, 0.3 part of actinomycetes and 0.3 part of photosynthetic bacteria according to the weight part ratio; wherein,
the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the yeast to the aspergillus niger to the trichoderma reesei is 2: 4: 2; the molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is less than or equal to 3000; the weight ratio of cow dung, bran and bean cake in the organic fertilizer is 10: 3; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the inorganic fertilizer is 2: 1; the weight ratio of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum in the trace elements is 2: 1: 0.5: 3: 1: 9: 1; the weight ratio of vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin C in the compound vitamin is 1: 3;
2) uniformly mixing the fermentation composite bacteria and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 50 to obtain diluted bacteria liquid;
3) adding the diluted bacterial liquid obtained in the step 2) into an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, piling up, circularly turning over, and fermenting for 10-15 days to obtain a basic decomposition state to obtain a primary fermented product;
4) adding ferment bacteria into the primary fermented product obtained in the step 3), fermenting until the fermented product is completely decomposed, drying at low temperature, and crushing to obtain a secondary fermented product;
5) adding inorganic fertilizer, trace elements, humic acid, amino acid, compound vitamin, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria into the secondary fermentation product obtained in the step 4), uniformly mixing, granulating into balls, and sorting to obtain the biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder.
Example 3
The preparation method of the biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 65 parts of organic fertilizer, 22 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 6 parts of trace elements, 0.3 part of fermentation compound bacteria, 2 parts of ferment bacteria, 3 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of amino acid, 3 parts of compound vitamin, 0.5 part of actinomycetes and 0.5 part of photosynthetic bacteria according to the weight part ratio; wherein,
the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the aspergillus niger to the trichoderma reesei is 3: 2: 3; the molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is less than or equal to 3000; the weight ratio of cow dung, bran and bean cake in the organic fertilizer is 10: 2; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the inorganic fertilizer is 1: 1; the weight ratio of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum in the trace elements is 2: 0.8: 4: 1: 8: 3; the weight ratio of vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin C in the compound vitamin is 1: 1;
2) uniformly mixing the fermentation composite bacteria and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 50 to obtain diluted bacteria liquid;
3) adding the diluted bacterial liquid obtained in the step 2) into an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, piling up, circularly turning over, and fermenting for 10-15 days to obtain a basic decomposition state to obtain a primary fermented product;
4) adding ferment bacteria into the primary fermented product obtained in the step 3), fermenting until the fermented product is completely decomposed, drying at low temperature, and crushing to obtain a secondary fermented product;
5) adding inorganic fertilizer, trace elements, humic acid, amino acid, compound vitamin, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria into the secondary fermentation product obtained in the step 4), uniformly mixing, granulating into balls, and sorting to obtain the biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder.
Second, the biological organic aquaculture nutrition powder prepared in example 3 is used for field experiment
1. Materials and methods
1.1 test site; pandanshu ancestral temple village in Xinzhou region.
1.2 test fishponds
The fish pond was tested.
The soil testing method comprises the following steps: organic matter-potassium heavy complex acid volumetric method, alkaline nitrogen-1N sodium hydroxide diffusion method, quick-acting phosphorus-0.5M sodium bicarbonate leaching, molybdenum-antimony colorimetric-resistance method, quick-acting potassium-1N ammonium acetate leaching, flame photometry, pH-potential method, lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury-flame photometry
1.3 test methods
Adopting random area arrangement, setting 4 treatments, repeating for four times, and counting 15 cells with cell area of 20m2. The treatment was as follows:
treatment 1: conventional fertilization and pesticide application are carried out for 2 times
And (3) treatment: conventional fertilization and biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder (200kg/667 m)2) + applying 2 times
And (4) treatment: conventional fertilization and biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder (200kg/667 m)2) + applying the medicine 1 time
The biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder is applied before rice transplantation, and the amount of the fine sand is the same.
2. Results and analysis
The biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder has obvious effect of increasing the yield of fishes. Every 1m2The yield is increased by 200 kg.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A biological organic aquaculture nutrient material powder is characterized in that: the nutrient powder comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of an organic fertilizer, 20-25 parts of an inorganic fertilizer, 4-8 parts of trace elements, 0.1-0.5 part of fermentation complex bacteria, 1-2 parts of ferment bacteria, 3-7 parts of amino acids, 1-5 parts of complex vitamins, 0.3-0.8 part of actinomycetes and 0.3-0.8 part of photosynthetic bacteria.
2. The bioorganic aquaculture nutrient feed powder of claim 1, wherein: the fermentation composite bacteria are mixed bacteria of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger, wherein the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the saccharomycetes, the aspergillus niger and the trichoderma reesei is 2: 0-4: 1-2.
3. A bioorganic aquaculture nutrient feed powder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the fermentation composite bacteria is a mixed bacteria of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger, wherein the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the aspergillus niger to the trichoderma reesei is 3: 2: 3.
4. A bioorganic aquaculture nutrient feed powder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the organic fertilizer is a mixture of livestock excrement, bran, a bean cake and calcium carbonate powder, wherein the livestock excrement is one or more of cow dung, pig dung and pig dung, and the weight ratio of the livestock excrement, the bran, the bean cake and the calcium carbonate powder in the organic fertilizer is 10: 1-3: 1-2.
5. A bioorganic aquaculture nutrient feed powder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the inorganic fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer of a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the inorganic fertilizer is 2: 1-2.
6. A bioorganic aquaculture nutrient feed powder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the trace elements comprise calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, zinc, selenium and molybdenum, wherein the weight ratio of the calcium, the magnesium, the sulfur, the boron, the zinc, the selenium and the molybdenum is 2: 1-3: 0.5-1: 3-5: 1-2: 7-9: 1-4.
7. A bioorganic aquaculture nutrient feed powder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the compound vitamin is a mixture of vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin C, wherein the weight ratio of the vitamin A, the vitamin B and the vitamin C in the compound vitamin is 1: 1-3.
8. A method of preparing a bioorganic aquaculture nutrient powder of claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements, fermentation compound bacteria, ferment bacteria, amino acid, compound vitamin, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria according to the weight part ratio;
2) uniformly mixing the fermentation composite bacteria and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 5-50 to obtain diluted bacteria liquid;
3) adding the diluted bacterial liquid obtained in the step 2) into an organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, piling up, circularly turning over, and fermenting for 10-15 days to obtain a basic decomposition state to obtain a primary fermented product;
4) adding ferment bacteria into the primary fermented product obtained in the step 3), fermenting until the fermented product is completely decomposed, drying at low temperature, and crushing to obtain a secondary fermented product;
5) adding inorganic fertilizer, trace elements, amino acid, compound vitamin, actinomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria into the secondary fermentation product obtained in the step 4), uniformly mixing, granulating into balls, and sorting to obtain the biological organic aquaculture nutrient powder.
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