CN104181640A - Optical switching module based on liquid crystal variable-focus lens - Google Patents
Optical switching module based on liquid crystal variable-focus lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN104181640A CN104181640A CN201410421967.7A CN201410421967A CN104181640A CN 104181640 A CN104181640 A CN 104181640A CN 201410421967 A CN201410421967 A CN 201410421967A CN 104181640 A CN104181640 A CN 104181640A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical switching module based on a liquid crystal variable-focus lens. The optical switching module based on the liquid crystal variable-focus lens comprises an input optical fiber collimator, a liquid crystal variable-focus cylindrical mirror, the first lens and an output optical fiber collimator, wherein the input optical fiber collimator is arranged on the optical axis of the first lens, the liquid crystal variable-focus cylindrical mirror is arranged on the front focal plane of the first lens in an off-axis mode, the output optical fiber collimator is arranged on the emergent light path side of the first lens, light output by the input optical fiber collimator serves as the incident light of the liquid crystal variable-focus cylindrical mirror, emergent light of the liquid crystal variable-focus cylindrical mirror serves as the incident light of the first lens, the distance between the emergent light of the first lens and the optical axis can be obtained through a formula (please see the specifications for the formula), the included angle phi between the emergent light of the liquid crystal variable-focus cylindrical mirror and the optical axis of the first lens is changed by regulating the intensity of an electric field applied to the liquid crystal variable-focus cylindrical mirror, and thus the distance between the emergent light of the first lens and the optical axis is changed. According to the optical switching module based on the liquid crystal variable-focus lens, through the design of the liquid crystal variable-focus lens and a proper optical system, multiple selectable output ports are provided for input optical signals, and the optical switching function is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical communication technique field, more specifically, relate to a kind of photoswitch and wavelength-selective switches based on liquid-crystal zoom lens.
Background technology
Day by day complicated along with the growth of people to communication bandwidth requirements and communication service, telecom operators propose higher requirement to the dirigibility of optical communication network configuration, and the Intelligent Optical Network based on wavelength-division multiplex technique and reconstructable OADM technology is developed rapidly.Photoswitch and wavelength-selective switches are important devices and the modules in optical communication system, obtain more and more general application in Intelligent Optical Network.Compared with electric switch, photoswitch and wavelength-selective switches are without " light-electrical-optical " conversion, and reliability and the dirigibility that can improve network, be to realize the essential device of all-optical network.
Photoswitch is a kind of optical device with one or more input/output end ports, and it can realize the circuit switched of light signal between input/output end port, utilizes photoswitch can in optical-fiber network, realize the function such as optical cross connect, circuit self-healed protection.And wavelength-selective switches is also a kind of optical device with one or more input/output end ports, it can realize the circuit switched of wavelength granularity between input/output end port, utilize the wavelength-selective switches can composition function reconstructable OADM node flexibly, most important to improving the performance of Intelligent Optical Network.The difference of photoswitch and wavelength-selective switches is, the former is Wavelength-independent to the exchange of light signal, and all optical wavelength of an input port can only exchange in same output port simultaneously; The latter is that wavelength is relevant to the exchange of light signal, and the Different lightwave of an input port is long, can exchange to respectively in different output ports.
The common technology scheme of photoswitch has mechanical optical switch, thermo-optical switch, magneto-optic shutter, electrooptical switching, MEMS (microelectromechanical-systems) photoswitch, waveguide type photoswitch etc., and the common technology scheme of wavelength-selective switches has MEMS, LCOS (liquid crystal on silicon), liquid crystal etc.The wherein existing wavelength-selective switches based on liquid crystal technology, it is to match with a birefringence wedge shape prism by a liquid crystal cells, by the polarization direction of liquid crystal cells control light beam, allow light beam with o light or e light by birefringence wedge shape prism, produce different deflection angles, by certain Optical System Design, realize selection and exchange to light beam output port again.The feature of this scheme is, light signal is by liquid crystal cells+birefringence wedge shape prism composite structure, can only select two possible output ports, in order to select multiple possible output ports (such as 8), 3 such unitized constructions need to be together in series, therefore the ports-Extending of device is poor, is difficult to realize the wavelength-selective switches of large port number.
Liquid crystal material has a kind of electrically conerolled birefringence characteristic, can change the refractive index of liquid crystal material by extra electric field, can make accordingly zoom lens, can focus to lens by extra electric field.
Summary of the invention
For the defect of prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of optic switching device and light switching method based on liquid-crystal zoom lens.
Optic switching device based on liquid-crystal zoom lens provided by the invention, comprises input optical fibre collimating apparatus, liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, first lens and output optical fibre collimating apparatus; Described input optical fibre collimating apparatus is arranged on the optical axis of described first lens, and described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror is arranged at from axle on the front focal plane of described first lens; Described output optical fibre collimating apparatus is arranged at the emergent light trackside of described first lens from axle; The light of input optical fibre collimating apparatus output is as the incident light of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, and the emergent light of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror is as the incident light of described first lens, the distance between emergent light and the optical axis of described first lens
the size that is applied to electric field on described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror by adjusting changes the angle between emergent light and the optical axis of described first lens of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror
thereby change the distance between emergent light and the optical axis of described first lens; Wherein, f
1for the focal length of first lens, f is the focal length of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, and d is the distance between liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror and the optical axis of first lens.
Wherein, the angle between emergent light and the optical axis of described first lens of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror
Wherein, described optic switching device also comprises the output optical fibre collimator array on multiple emitting light paths that are separately positioned on described first lens.
Wherein, described optic switching device also comprises grating and the second lens; Described the second lens are arranged between input optical fibre collimating apparatus and liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, and the optical axis of described the second lens and the optical axis coincidence of first lens; Described grating is arranged on the front focal plane of described the second lens; Light dispersion after grating of input optical fibre collimating apparatus output becomes the light of m road different wave length, and its wavelength is respectively λ
1, λ
2λ
m, then after lens, become m road horizon light; The angle that each road horizon light process liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror post deflection is certain is also incident on first lens, by first lens output m road light; The refractive index that is applied to the size change liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror of electric field on described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror by adjusting, makes the emergent light of required wavelength export by output optical fibre collimating apparatus, has realized the effect of wavelength-selective switches.
The present invention also provides a kind of optic switching device based on liquid-crystal zoom lens, comprises input optical fibre collimating apparatus, liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, grating, the second lens, output optical fibre collimator array and plane mirror; Described input optical fibre collimating apparatus is arranged on the optical axis of described the second lens, and grating is arranged on the front focal plane of the second lens, and liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror is arranged on the back focal plane of the second lens, and plane mirror is arranged on the planar side of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror; Output optical fibre collimator array and described input optical fibre collimating apparatus are in same surface level setting; Light dispersion after grating of input optical fibre collimating apparatus output becomes the light of m road different wave length, and its wavelength is respectively λ
1, λ
2λ
m, then after lens, become m road horizon light; After the convex side incident of each road horizon light by liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, reflected by plane mirror, then after liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, understand the certain angle of deflection and be incident on the second lens, by the second lens output m road light; The refractive index that is applied to the size change liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror of electric field on described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror by adjusting, makes the emergent light of required wavelength export by output optical fibre collimating apparatus, has realized the effect of wavelength-selective switches.
The present invention also provides a kind of optic switching device based on liquid-crystal zoom lens, comprises input optical fibre collimating apparatus, liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, grating, the second lens and output optical fibre collimator array; In the plane of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, be coated with reflectance coating; Described input optical fibre collimating apparatus is arranged on the optical axis of described the second lens, grating is arranged on the front focal plane of the second lens, liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror is arranged on the back focal plane of the second lens, and output optical fibre collimator array and described input optical fibre collimating apparatus are in same surface level setting; Light dispersion after grating of input optical fibre collimating apparatus output becomes the light of m road different wave length, and its wavelength is respectively λ
1, λ
2λ
m, then after lens, become m road horizon light; After the convex side incident of each road horizon light by liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, in plane due to liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, be coated with reflectance coating, can make light path reflection, then after liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, understand the certain angle of deflection and be incident on the second lens, by the second lens output m road light; The refractive index that is applied to the size change liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror of electric field on described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror by adjusting, makes the emergent light of required wavelength export by output optical fibre collimating apparatus, has realized the effect of wavelength-selective switches.
The present invention proposes a kind of optical switch module structure based on liquid-crystal zoom lens, by liquid-crystal zoom lens and suitable Optical System Design, input optical signal is produced to multiple selectable output ports, realizes light switch function.Zoom liquid crystal lens is made to array architecture, different wave length in the wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signal of input, be deployed on the different units of array by a grating dispersion, can independently control the output port of each wavelength, thereby realize wavelength-selective switches function.
A kind of optical switch module based on liquid-crystal zoom lens that the present invention proposes, comprises input optical fibre collimating apparatus, liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, lens and output optical fibre collimating apparatus, and liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror is placed on the front focal plane of lens from axle.First pass through liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror from the light of input optical fibre collimating apparatus, see through the refractive index that voltage can adjustable liquid crystal display zoom cylindrical mirror, thereby control the angle of beam deflection.After lens, become horizon light output at light.Can control light beam by voltage and whether enter output optical fibre collimating apparatus, realize the function of photoswitch.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the electrooptical effect schematic diagram of liquid crystal.
Fig. 2 is liquid-crystal zoom lens schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the optical switch module vertical view based on liquid-crystal zoom lens.
Fig. 4 is the Multichannel photoswitch vertical view based on liquid-crystal zoom lens.
Fig. 5 is the transmission-type structure vertical view of the wavelength-selective switches based on liquid-crystal zoom lens.
Fig. 6 is the transmission-type structure side view of the wavelength-selective switches based on liquid-crystal zoom lens.
Fig. 7 is the reflective structure vertical view of the wavelength-selective switches based on liquid-crystal zoom lens.
Fig. 8 is the reflective structure side view of the wavelength-selective switches based on liquid-crystal zoom lens.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The present invention proposes a kind of optical switch module structure based on liquid-crystal zoom lens, by liquid-crystal zoom lens and suitable Optical System Design, input optical signal is produced to multiple selectable output ports, realizes light switch function.Zoom liquid crystal lens is made to array architecture, different wave length in the wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signal of input, be deployed on the different units of array by a grating dispersion, can independently control the output port of each wavelength, thereby realize wavelength-selective switches function.
A kind of optical switch module based on liquid-crystal zoom lens that the present invention proposes, comprises input optical fibre collimating apparatus, liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, lens and output optical fibre collimating apparatus, and liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror is placed on the front focal plane of lens from axle.First pass through liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror from the light of input optical fibre collimating apparatus, see through the refractive index that voltage can adjustable liquid crystal display zoom cylindrical mirror, thereby control the angle of beam deflection.After lens, become horizon light output at light.Can control light beam by voltage and whether enter output optical fibre collimating apparatus, realize the function of photoswitch.
A kind of wavelength-selective switches based on liquid-crystal zoom lens that the present invention proposes has added a coaxial grating and another lens on the basis of photoswitch, and grating is placed on the front focal plane of these lens, and changes output optical fibre collimating apparatus into collimator array.Become the light of different wave length from light dispersion after grating of input optical fibre collimating apparatus, become multichannel horizon light through lens.Get on second lens through the certain angle of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror post deflection again, finally output.Can make required wavelength enter arbitrarily in output optical fibre collimating apparatus by the refractive index of voltage-regulation liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror, thereby realize the effect of wavelength-selective switches.
Main thought of the present invention is to use liquid crystal material to make lens, and due to the electro-optical characteristic of liquid crystal material, its refractive index can be regulated by institute's making alive, thereby makes the focal length of lens adjustable, and then realizes the function of photoswitch and wavelength-selective switches.
Now by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described further:
As shown in Figure 1, in nematic liquid crystal, under outside electric field driven, liquid crystal molecule points to arrow and becomes angle theta with electric field, and birefringent phenomenon now can occur.When non-ordinary light e wave normal and electric field are in the same way time, its refractive index n
2can be represented by the formula:
wherein n
ofor the refractive index of ordinary light o light, n
efor the refractive index of e light in the time that liquid crystal molecule points to arrow perpendicular to direction of an electric field, and angle θ depends on the size of extra electric field, therefore can pass through the refractive index of electric field adjusting liquid crystal material.
As Fig. 2, based on the electrooptical effect of liquid crystal material, use liquid crystal material to make plano-convex lens, the refractive index of these lens can regulate by extra electric field, thereby changes the focal distance f of lens, and focal length is adjustable continuously.
Consult accompanying drawing 3, be somebody's turn to do in the specific embodiment of the optical switch module based on liquid-crystal zoom lens, comprise input optical fibre collimating apparatus 111, liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112, first lens 113 and output optical fibre collimating apparatus 114, liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 is placed on the front focal plane of first lens 113 from axle.First pass through liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 from the light of input optical fibre collimating apparatus 111, refractive index that can adjustable liquid crystal display zoom cylindrical mirror 112 by voltage, thus control the angle of beam deflection.After first lens 113, become horizon light output at light.Can control light beam by impressed voltage and whether enter output optical fibre collimating apparatus 114, realize the function of photoswitch.
Liquid crystal material has a kind of electrically conerolled birefringence characteristic, can change the refractive index of liquid crystal material by extra electric field, can make accordingly zoom lens, can focus to lens by extra electric field.Therefore can control the focal distance f of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 by extra electric field in embodiments of the present invention; With reference to figure 1, change the azimuth angle theta of liquid crystal director by extra electric field, according to formula (1), the refraction index changing of liquid crystal lens, thus change focal length.
Liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 is d from axle amount, is f by its focal length of Control of Voltage, and beam deflection angle is:
light beam outgoing after first lens 113 is highly:
wherein f
1for the focal length of first lens 113.
Can see from above formula, change the focal distance f of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 by voltage, can control the outgoing position of output beam, whether enter output optical fibre collimating apparatus 114 thereby control light beam, so just realize the function of photoswitch.Because the focal distance f of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 is adjustable continuously, therefore also continuous variable of outgoing position r, the present invention has continuously adjustable advantage.
As Fig. 4, change the output optical fibre collimating apparatus 114 in Fig. 3 optical switch construction into optical fibre collimator array 117, by the focal distance f of adjustable liquid crystal display zoom cylindrical mirror 112, can allow light beam enter in optical fibre collimator array 117 in arbitrary collimating apparatus, realize the function of Multichannel photoswitch.
Consult accompanying drawing 5 and Fig. 6, be somebody's turn to do in the specific embodiment of transmission-type structure of the wavelength-selective switches based on liquid-crystal zoom lens, on the basis of Multichannel photoswitch, added a coaxial grating 115 and another lens 116, grating 115 is placed on the front focal plane of these lens 116.The light that becomes multichannel different wave length from light dispersion after grating 115 of input optical fibre collimating apparatus 111, its wavelength is respectively λ
1, λ
2, λ
3etc., after the second lens 116, become multichannel horizon light.Get on first lens 113 through the certain angle of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 post deflections again, finally output.Can make required wavelength enter arbitrarily in output optical fibre collimating apparatus by the refractive index of voltage-regulation liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112, thereby realize the effect of wavelength-selective switches.
Identical with photoswitch, light beam outgoing after first lens 113 is highly:
change the focal distance f of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 by voltage, can control the outgoing position d of any wavelength output beam, thereby the light beam of controlling any wavelength enters in any one output optical fibre collimating apparatus of output optical fibre collimator array 117.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are the reflective structure of the wavelength-selective switches based on liquid-crystal zoom lens, different from transmission-type structure is in having added a catoptron 118 or be coated with reflectance coating in the plane of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 below of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112, and grating 115 with liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 respectively on the focal plane of the front and back of lens 116.The light that becomes multichannel different wave length from light dispersion after grating 115 of input optical fibre collimating apparatus 111, its wavelength is respectively λ
1, λ
2, λ
3, λ
4etc., after lens 116, become multichannel horizon light.After liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112, can reflect, then be incident on the second lens 116 by the certain angle of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112 post deflections, finally output.Can make required wavelength enter arbitrarily in output optical fibre collimating apparatus by the refractive index of voltage-regulation liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror 112, thereby realize the effect of wavelength-selective switches.
Compared with transmission-type structure, reflective structure can make light path folding, has reduced device size.
On the basis of above-mentioned theory knowledge, the optical switch module based on liquid-crystal zoom lens and structure for wavelength selection switch that the present invention proposes, use liquid crystal material to make lens, utilize the electro-optical characteristic of liquid crystal material to realize liquid-crystal zoom lens, realize the function of photoswitch and wavelength-selective switches based on this liquid-crystal zoom lens.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the optic switching device based on liquid-crystal zoom lens, it is characterized in that, comprise input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111), liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), first lens (113) and output optical fibre collimating apparatus (114);
Described input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111) is arranged on the optical axis of described first lens (113), and described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) is arranged at from axle on the front focal plane of described first lens (113); Described output optical fibre collimating apparatus (114) is arranged at the emergent light trackside of described first lens (113) from axle;
The light of input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111) output is as the incident light of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), the emergent light of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) is as the incident light of described first lens (113), the distance between emergent light and the optical axis of described first lens (113)
the size that is applied to the upper electric field of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) by adjusting changes the angle between the emergent light of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) and the optical axis of described first lens (113)
thereby change the distance between emergent light and the optical axis of described first lens (113);
Wherein, f
1for the focal length of first lens (113), f is the focal length of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), and d is the distance between liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) and the optical axis of first lens (113).
2. optic switching device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the angle between the emergent light of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) and the optical axis of described first lens (113)
3. optic switching device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described optic switching device also comprises the output optical fibre collimator array (117) on multiple emitting light paths that are separately positioned on described first lens (113).
4. optic switching device as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described optic switching device also comprises grating (115) and the second lens (116);
Described the second lens (116) are arranged between input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111) and liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), and the optical axis coincidence of the optical axis of described the second lens (116) and first lens (113);
Described grating (115) is arranged on the front focal plane of described the second lens (116);
Light dispersion after grating (115) of input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111) output becomes the light of m road different wave length, and its wavelength is respectively λ
1, λ
2λ
m, then after lens (116), become m road horizon light; Each road horizon light is through the certain angle of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) post deflection and be incident to first lens (113) above, by first lens (113) output m road light; Be applied to the refractive index of the size change liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) of the upper electric field of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) by adjusting, the emergent light of required wavelength is exported by output optical fibre collimating apparatus, realized the effect of wavelength-selective switches.
5. the optic switching device based on liquid-crystal zoom lens, it is characterized in that, comprise input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111), liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), grating (115), the second lens (116), output optical fibre collimator array (117) and plane mirror (118);
Described input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111) is arranged on the optical axis of described the second lens (116), grating (115) is arranged on the front focal plane of the second lens (116), liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) is arranged on the back focal plane of the second lens (116), and plane mirror (118) is arranged on the planar side of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112); Output optical fibre collimator array (117) and described input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111) are in same surface level setting;
Light dispersion after grating (115) of input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111) output becomes the light of m road different wave length, and its wavelength is respectively λ
1, λ
2λ
m, then after lens (116), become m road horizon light; Each road horizon light is reflected by plane mirror (118) after by the convex side incident of liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), after liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), understand again the certain angle of deflection and be incident to the second lens (116) above, by the second lens (116) output m road light; Be applied to the refractive index of the size change liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) of the upper electric field of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) by adjusting, the emergent light of required wavelength is exported by output optical fibre collimating apparatus, realized the effect of wavelength-selective switches.
6. the optic switching device based on liquid-crystal zoom lens, it is characterized in that, comprise input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111), liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), grating (115), the second lens (116) and output optical fibre collimator array (117); In the plane of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), be coated with reflectance coating;
Described input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111) is arranged on the optical axis of described the second lens (116), grating (115) is arranged on the front focal plane of the second lens (116), liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) is arranged on the back focal plane of the second lens (116), and output optical fibre collimator array (117) and described input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111) are in same surface level setting;
Light dispersion after grating (115) of input optical fibre collimating apparatus (111) output becomes the light of m road different wave length, and its wavelength is respectively λ
1, λ
2λ
m, then after lens (116), become m road horizon light; After the convex side incident of each road horizon light by liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), in plane due to liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), be coated with reflectance coating, can make light path reflection, after liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112), understand again the certain angle of deflection and be incident to the second lens (116) above, by the second lens (116) output m road light; Be applied to the refractive index of the size change liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) of the upper electric field of described liquid crystal zoom cylindrical mirror (112) by adjusting, the emergent light of required wavelength is exported by output optical fibre collimating apparatus, realized the effect of wavelength-selective switches.
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| CN104181640B (en) | 2017-02-08 |
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