CN104161001A - Tilapia and loach mixed-pool-breeding method - Google Patents
Tilapia and loach mixed-pool-breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104161001A CN104161001A CN201410450395.5A CN201410450395A CN104161001A CN 104161001 A CN104161001 A CN 104161001A CN 201410450395 A CN201410450395 A CN 201410450395A CN 104161001 A CN104161001 A CN 104161001A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tilapia and loach mixed-pool-breeding method. A tilapia breeding pool is selected and is disinfected through quick lime after water in the pool is drained out in March every year, and after the water temperature is stabilized at 20 DEG C, 1,800 to 2,000 single male tilapia over-wintering fry with the weights ranging from 20 grams to 25 grams are thrown into the pool every 667 square meters, and 20,000 loach fry with the lengths ranging from 3 centimeters to 4 centimeters are thrown into the pool 30 days later. By means of food training, tilapias and loaches are fed in different feeding areas. Special mixed feed is thrown to feed the tilapias and the loaches two times everyday. After being bred for four to five months, the tilapias are caught in advance to be sold, the pool breeding density is decreased, and the growing period of the loaches is prolonged. The technology that the tilapias and the loaches are fed respectively in the same pool is adopted, rational combination is carried out according to the life habits and the feeding habits of the tilapias and the loaches, the aquatic water space is fully utilized, the bred marketable fishes are large in size and good in quality, and the purposes of promoting growth, increasing production and efficiency and improving benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, relate to a kind of aquatic products and raise together with technology, specifically a kind of Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method.
Background technology
Freshwater cultivation is China's aquaculture pillar industry, the principal item of Tilapia mossambica and the freshwater aquiculture of loach Jun Shi China, and within 2012, cultured output is respectively 1,550,000 tons and 280,000 tons, occupies the 6th and the 13 of the main freshwater fish culturing output of China.
At present, China's Tilapia mossambica cultivation is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan and five provinces, Fujian, and main aquaculture model is still taking pond monoculture as main, and some filter-feeding fishes of arranging in pairs or groups, as silver carp, bighead; Also there is the mode of raising together with of small part, Tilapia mossambica and mud crab, Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, Colossoma brachypomum, yellow cartfish are raised together with alternate culture, owing to being subject to the restriction of cultural technique and aquaculture model, these are raised together with mode and still have certain defect, overall economic efficiency deficiency, also have the factors such as Tilapia mossambica market price fluctuation, cultivation profit margin is further dwindled simultaneously, and culture benefit needs further to be improved.
Tilapia mossambica is pelagic fishes, and loach belongs to demersal fishes, is called " ginseng in water ", and its fine and tender taste, nutritious has higher edible and medical value, and in very great demand on market at home and abroad, price is always high.The strong adaptability of loach to environment, lower oxygen concentration resistance, raises together with often residual bait taking other fish as food with other fish, raises together with loach in cultivating pool, can play the effect of well cleaning up the pond.According to the difference life water layer of Tilapia mossambica and loach and eating habit, reasonably combined by Tilapia mossambica and loach, make full use of pond waters breeding spaces, form Tilapia mossambica, loach Polyculture, change the traditional pond monoculture pattern of Tilapia mossambica or loach, made full use of pool resources, reduced aquaculture cost, realize the maximization of pond culture output and economic benefit, to promoting the sustainable development important in inhibiting of China Tilapia mossambica and loach breeding industry.
There is no at present the relevant report that Tilapia mossambica and loach are raised together with, but Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture need to address the problem: the first, the suitable breeding density of Tilapia mossambica and loach and sequencing problem.The second, Tilapia mossambica and loach there are differences in feed nutrition demand, and it is strong that Tilapia mossambica is robbed food energy force rate loach, affect loach growth, need to solve feedstuff feeding method problem, and the 3rd, the oxygen-resistant ability of Tilapia mossambica is lower than loach, solve pool oxygenation problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method are provided.The present invention utilizes life habits different between biology and feature, and breeding water body is given full play in mutualism, improves efficiency of feed utilization, improves growth rate and yield per unit area, reaches the effect increasing production and improying productivity.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method, comprise following steps:
(1) sterilization of cleaning up the pond in annual March, sterilized after 7～10 days, and the new water of annotating, carries out and put front preparation in a suitable place to breed;
(2), in the time that pond water temperature is stabilized in more than 20 DEG C, starts to carry out Tilapia mossambica seed and put in a suitable place to breed, according to 1800～2000 tail/667 m
2single male Tilipia of density stocking size 20～25g/ tail seed that survives the winter; After 30 days, put loach seed in a suitable place to breed, stocking size 3～4cm, breeding density 20,000 tail/667 m
2;
(3) Tilapia mossambica is put in a suitable place to breed and within latter second day, starts to tame and docile food, and by timing, fixed point domestication, form Tilapia mossambica and a little separate and ingest in different throwing something and feeding from loach, use Tilapia mossambica and loach special compound feed, day throws something and feeds 2 times;
(4) in 9～October then, when the average specification of Tilapia mossambica reaches 500g/ tail when above, more than 90% Tilapia mossambica to be fished for out behind the pool, loach stays the former pool to continue cultivation;
(5) loach was raised to Second Year January, adopted cylinder mould trapping method, caught to stay greatly littlely, raised all dry pool harvestings in March.
The sterilization of described step (1) is: use 100～120kg/667 m
2quicklime full pool spilling head carry out the dry method sterilization of cleaning up the pond.
Single male Tilipia in described step (2) its male ratio of seed of surviving the winter is more than 95%.
Domestication in described step (3) is to form Tilapia mossambica and loach in a difference food custom of throwing something and feeding by conditioned reflex, the throw something and feed swelling granular special compound feed of crude protein content 28wt% of Tilapia mossambica, deposits a day feeding volume of 3%～5% of pool amount and throws something and feeds by the Tilapia mossambica of calculating; The throw something and feed heavy property particle special compound feed of crude protein content 32wt% of loach, deposits a day feeding volume of 5%～6% of pool amount and throws something and feeds by loach, after Tilapia mossambica starts to throw something and feed, throw something and feed again.
Described step (3) is Sino-Japan throws something and feeds while being every morning 9:00 2 times, afternoon is when 15:00; Every day, 23:00 opened aerator oxygenation when 8:00 up to next day.
High temperature season in water temperature more than 32 DEG C, opens aerator 1～2h noon every day, regulates levels dissolved oxygen.
The present invention utilizes Tilapia mossambica to live in pond waters at the middle and upper levels, and loach lives in the biological nature of pond waters bottom, makes full use of the different Water spaces in pond, has improved the cultivation amount of pond waters.Loach is ominivore-fish, and both can the ingest algae in pond waters, residual bait and organic debris have the effect that improves feed efficiency and clean pond waters.Propagating artificially under condition, the loach artifical compound feed of also can ingesting, for reaching expected volume, need to carry out throwing something and feeding of artificial feed to loach.By Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method, separate the method for carrying out feedstuff feeding by taming and dociling food formation Tilapia mossambica with loach, the special feed that both are separately ingested separately, do not rob mutually food, extruding, improve pond fish growth rate, reduce disease and feed coefficient with this, avoided the growth of cultivation loach in early stage to be suppressed.Because Tilapia mossambica ingestion ability is strong, fast growth, raises and within 4～5 months, just can reach listing specification, after the listing of Tilapia mossambica harvesting, reduce pond culture density, by the raising of strengthening loach, after 3 wheat harvesting periods, loach can grow to listing specification, goes out successively the pool after surviving the winter.The aquaculture model that Tilapia mossambica and loach are raised together with pond, it can bring into play the mutual benefits of Tilapia mossambica and loach, makes full use of aquifer cultivation space, increases the total yield, and can improve again water quality, reaches and promotes growth, the effect of increasing the benefit.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is also:
1) compared with the fishes and shrimps polyculture method (Chinese patent CN201310685571.9, CN200910041547.5) of raising together with Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low with existing Tilapia mossambica, Tilapia mossambica and the loach manufactured feed of all throwing something and feeding, loach growth is fast, and output, survival rate are all higher, raises together with comprehensive benefit better; And prawn is raised together with in Tilapia mossambica, cannot rob food with Tilapia mossambica, can only lean on the limited natural bait of cultivating pool and residual bait, prawn growth is slow, and output and survival rate are lower;
2) with existing Tilapia mossambica compared with Colossoma brachypomum polyculture method, the space utilization of this method aquifer cultivation is with the obvious advantage.Colossoma brachypomum and Tilapia mossambica are both pelagic fishes, be difficult at pond overwintering the same with Tilapia mossambica.And loach can effectively utilize pond culture in winter, extend the cultivation cultivation phase, effectively improve output and marketable fish size, and loach market sale price is that Colossoma brachypomum is high 2～3 times, so it is higher to raise together with loach benefit.
Embodiment
The present invention further illustrates the present invention with the following example, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following example.The method of unreceipted actual conditions in following example, the condition of conventionally advising according to normal condition or manufacturer.
Embodiment 1
Pond area 4 × 667 m
2, mean depth of water 2.0m, enters draining, electric power system is perfect, has been equipped with 2 of 1.5kw waterwheel aerators, 2 of automatic feeders, and automatic feeder is separately positioned on different bait throwing in region, pond.Water source is mountain stream stream, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free.
In mid-March, 2012, pond is after desilting removal of impurities, correction are reinforced, are exposed to the sun, according to 120kg/667 m
2the quicklime of consumption carries out the dry method sterilization of cleaning up the pond, and after 7 days, the new water of annotating, to pond water level 1.5m, is carried out and put front preparation in a suitable place to breed.
March 28, pond water temperature be stabilized in 20 DEG C above after, the mono-male Tilipia of Xin Jifu of having thrown in average specification 21.3g/ tail kind 7200 tails of surviving the winter, male ratio is 96%; April 27, the JeFu luoluo fish of having thrown in pond in loach seed 80,000 tails and the pond of specification 3 cm is raised together with.
Tilapia mossambica is put in a suitable place to breed latter second day, adopt the Autoamtic bait putting machine mode of throwing something and feeding to start to tame and docile food in first bait throwing in district, by timing, fixed point domestication, forming Tilapia mossambica a little ingests in fixing throwing something and feeding, the throw something and feed swelling granular special compound feed of crude protein content 28% of Tilapia mossambica, day feeding volume is deposited 3%～5% of pool amount by the Tilapia mossambica of calculating and is calculated, and morning every day when 9:00,15:00 in afternoon time-division secondary are thrown something and fed.Loach after putting in a suitable place to breed second day, also starting to adopt the Autoamtic bait putting machine mode of throwing something and feeding to tame and docile food in second bait throwing in district throws something and feeds, the throw something and feed heavy property particle special compound feed of crude protein content 32%, day feeding volume be loach deposit pool amount 5%～6%, throw something and feed every day 2 times, after Tilapia mossambica starts to throw something and feed, throw something and feed, form Tilapia mossambica and separate the custom of ingesting with loach.Above-mentioned nursing suitably increases and decreases according to weather, water quality and the fish body situation of ingesting every day, subtracts suitable minimizing feeding volume overcast and rainy.
Supplementary water injection in breeding process, keeps pond water level 2.0m, and every day, 23:00 opened aerator oxygenation up to next day when 8:00, and the high temperature season in water temperature more than 32 DEG C, opens aerator 1～2h noon every day, adjusting levels dissolved oxygen.Raise to August 20, Tilapia mossambica starts harvesting listing, and loach is raised on January 15th, 2013, starts to adopt the harvesting listing in batches of cylinder mould trapping method, all cleans up the pond and fishes for listing to March 10.Gross yield 5844kg, average per unit area yield 1461kg/667 m
2, wherein, Tilapia mossambica output 4318kg, average specification 612g/ tail, survival rate 98%, loach output 1526kg, average specification 26.3g/ tail, survival rate 72.53%, average profit 6993 yuan/667 m
2.
Embodiment 2
Choose 3 mouthfuls of pond areas and be 5 × 667 m
2the Tilapia mossambica cultivating pool of mean depth of water 2.0m, tool improves into draining and electric power system, 1 of the paddle aerator of 3kw has been installed in every mouthful of pond, 1 of automatic feeder, be arranged on the first bait throwing in region for the Tilapia mossambica puffing granule compound feed of throwing something and feeding, in another bait throwing in district in pond, 5 feeding hack, feeding platform, feeding trays be set, for the heavy property granular mixed feed of the loach of throwing something and feeding.Water source is reservoir water, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free.
In mid-March, 2013, pond is after leveling removal of impurities, being exposed to the sun, according to 120kg/667 m
2the quicklime of consumption carries out the dry method sterilization of cleaning up the pond, and after 10 days, the new water of annotating, to pond water level 1.5m, is carried out and put front preparation in a suitable place to breed.
April 7, pond water temperature be stabilized in 20 DEG C above after, single male Tilipia that to have thrown in average specification 20g/ tail, male ratio be 98% kind of 2.88 ten thousand tails of surviving the winter, average breeding density is 1920 tail/667 ㎡; May 8, the JeFu luoluo fish of having thrown in pond in loach seed 300,000 tails and the pond of average specification 3.0 cm is raised together with.
Tilapia mossambica is put in a suitable place to breed latter second day, adopt the Autoamtic bait putting machine mode of throwing something and feeding to start to tame and docile food in first bait throwing in district, by timing, fixed point domestication, forming Tilapia mossambica ingests in first region of throwing something and feeding, the throw something and feed swelling granular special compound feed of crude protein content 28% of Tilapia mossambica, day feeding volume is deposited 3%～5% of pool amount by Tilapia mossambica and is thrown something and fed, and morning every day when 9:00,15:00 in afternoon time-division secondary are thrown something and fed.Loach after putting in a suitable place to breed second day, also the tame and docile food of the enterprising pedestrian's work of feed table starting in second bait throwing in district is thrown something and fed, the throw something and feed heavy property particle special compound feed of crude protein content 32%, day feeding volume is deposited 5% of pool amount by the loach of measuring and calculating and is calculated, throw something and feed every day 2 times, throw something and feed in the Tilapia mossambica laggard pedestrian's work that starts to throw something and feed, form and separate the custom of ingesting with Tilapia mossambica.Above-mentioned nursing suitably increases and decreases according to weather, water quality and the fish body situation of ingesting every day, at the overcast and rainy feeding volume less that subtracts suitably.
The breeding process new water of progressively annotating, and keep pond water level 2.0m, every day, 23:00 opened aerator oxygenation up to next day when 8:00, and the high temperature season in water temperature more than 32 DEG C, opens aerator 1～2h noon every day, regulates levels dissolved oxygen.Raise to August 26, will reach the Tilapia mossambica harvesting listing in batches of specification, loach is raised on December 20th, 2013, starts to adopt the harvesting listing in batches of cylinder mould trapping method, all cleans up the pond and fishes for listing to March 8.Gross yield 20166kg, average per unit area yield 1344.4kg/667 m
2, wherein, Tilapia mossambica output 14750kg, average specification 586g/ tail, survival rate 97.4%, loach output 5416kg, average specification 23.6g/ tail, survival rate 76.5%, average profit 6832 yuan/667 m
2.
Embodiment 3
Pond area 10 × 667 m
2, mean depth of water 2.5m, enters draining, power system is perfect, and 3 of the paddle aerators of 3kw have been installed, and 2 of automatic feeders, are arranged on same bait throwing in region for the Tilapia mossambica puffing granule compound feed of throwing something and feeding.Water source is reservoir water, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free.
In late March, 2013, pond is after desilting removal of impurities, being exposed to the sun, according to 100kg/667 m
2the quicklime of consumption carries out the dry method sterilization of cleaning up the pond, and after 10 days, the new water of annotating, to pond water level 1.5m, is carried out and put front preparation in a suitable place to breed.
April 10, pond water temperature be stabilized in 20 DEG C above after, single male Tilipia of having thrown in average specification 25g/ tail kind of 20,000 tails of surviving the winter, male ratio is 98%; May 8, the JeFu luoluo fish of having thrown in pond in loach seed 200,000 tails and the pond of average specification 3.5 cm is raised together with.
Tilapia mossambica is put in a suitable place to breed latter second day, adopt the Autoamtic bait putting machine mode of throwing something and feeding to start to tame and docile food in first bait throwing in district, by timing, fixed point domestication, forming Tilapia mossambica ingests in first region of throwing something and feeding, the throw something and feed swelling granular special compound feed of crude protein content 28% of Tilapia mossambica, day feeding volume is deposited 3%～5% of pool amount by Tilapia mossambica and is thrown something and fed, and morning every day when 9:00,15:00 in afternoon time-division secondary are thrown something and fed.Loach after putting in a suitable place to breed second day, also starting to arrange in second bait throwing in district 10 feed tables carries out manually taming and dociling to eat throwing something and feeding, the throw something and feed heavy property particle special compound feed of crude protein content 32%, day feeding volume be loach deposit pool amount 5%, throw something and feed every day 2 times, after Tilapia mossambica starts to throw something and feed, throw something and feed, form Tilapia mossambica and separate the custom of ingesting with loach.Above-mentioned nursing suitably increases and decreases according to weather, water quality and the fish body situation of ingesting every day, at the overcast and rainy feeding volume less that subtracts suitably.
The breeding process new water of progressively annotating, and keep pond water level 2.5m, every day, 23:00 opened aerator oxygenation up to next day when 8:00, and the high temperature season in water temperature more than 32 DEG C, opens aerator 1～2h noon every day, regulates levels dissolved oxygen.Raise to September 17, employing is at bait throwing in district purse seine fishing style by Tilapia mossambica harvesting listing in batches, and loach is raised on January 30th, 2014, starts to adopt the harvesting listing in batches of cylinder mould trapping method, all cleans up the pond and fishes for listing to March 15.Gross yield 14996kg, average per unit area yield 1499.6kg/667 m
2, wherein, Tilapia mossambica output 11576kg, average specification 605g/ tail, survival rate 95.67%, loach output 3420kg, average specification 25g/ tail, survival rate 68.4%, average profit 5946 yuan/667 m
2.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Tilapia mossambica and a loach pond polyculture method, is characterized in that: comprise following steps:
(1) sterilization of cleaning up the pond in annual March, sterilized after 7～10 days, and the new water of annotating, carries out and put front preparation in a suitable place to breed;
(2), in the time that pond water temperature is stabilized in more than 20 DEG C, starts to carry out Tilapia mossambica seed and put in a suitable place to breed, according to 1800～2000 tail/667 m
2single male Tilipia of density stocking size 20～25g/ tail seed that survives the winter; After 30 days, put loach seed in a suitable place to breed, stocking size 3～4cm, breeding density 20,000 tail/667 m
2;
(3) Tilapia mossambica is put in a suitable place to breed and within latter second day, starts to tame and docile food, and by timing, fixed point domestication, form Tilapia mossambica and a little separate and ingest in different throwing something and feeding from loach, use Tilapia mossambica and loach special compound feed, day throws something and feeds 2 times;
(4) in 9～October then, when the average specification of Tilapia mossambica reaches 500g/ tail when above, more than 90% Tilapia mossambica to be fished for out behind the pool, loach stays the former pool to continue cultivation;
(5) loach was raised to Second Year January, adopted cylinder mould trapping method, caught to stay greatly littlely, raised all dry pool harvestings in March.
2. Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 and loach pond polyculture method, is characterized in that: the sterilization of described step (1) is: use 100～120kg/667 m
2quicklime full pool spilling head carry out the dry method sterilization of cleaning up the pond.
3. Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 and loach pond polyculture method, is characterized in that: its male ratio of seed of surviving the winter of the single male Tilipia in described step (2) is more than 95%.
4. Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 and loach pond polyculture method, it is characterized in that: the domestication in described step (3) is to form Tilapia mossambica and loach in a difference food custom of throwing something and feeding by conditioned reflex, the throw something and feed swelling granular special compound feed of crude protein content 28wt% of Tilapia mossambica, deposits a day feeding volume of 3%～5% of pool amount and throws something and feeds by the Tilapia mossambica of calculating; The throw something and feed heavy property particle special compound feed of crude protein content 32wt% of loach, deposits a day feeding volume of 5%～6% of pool amount and throws something and feeds by loach, after Tilapia mossambica starts to throw something and feed, throw something and feed again.
5. Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 and loach pond polyculture method, is characterized in that: described step (3) is Sino-Japan throws something and feeds while being every morning 9:00 2 times, afternoon is when 15:00; Every day, 23:00 opened aerator oxygenation when 8:00 up to next day.
6. Tilapia mossambica according to claim 5 and loach pond polyculture method, is characterized in that: the high temperature season in water temperature more than 32 DEG C, open aerator 1～2h noon every day, and regulate levels dissolved oxygen.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104509467A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-15 | 天津市益多利来水产养殖有限公司 | Mixed culture method for grass carp and loaches |
| CN106342728A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-25 | 卓礼仕 | High-quality tilapia mossambica breeding method |
| CN107306857A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-03 | 梁梅 | The method of pond culture male Tilipia |
| CN110771535A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-11 | 福建省淡水水产研究所 | Pond polyculture method for pelteobagrus fulvidraco and tilapia |
| CN113412801A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Simple method for rapidly domesticating zander |
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| CN102461472A (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-05-23 | 柳州市鱼家乐饲料有限公司 | Tilapia breeding method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104509467A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-15 | 天津市益多利来水产养殖有限公司 | Mixed culture method for grass carp and loaches |
| CN106342728A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-25 | 卓礼仕 | High-quality tilapia mossambica breeding method |
| CN107306857A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-03 | 梁梅 | The method of pond culture male Tilipia |
| CN110771535A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-11 | 福建省淡水水产研究所 | Pond polyculture method for pelteobagrus fulvidraco and tilapia |
| CN110771535B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-11-19 | 福建省淡水水产研究所 | Pond polyculture method for pelteobagrus fulvidraco and tilapia |
| CN113412801A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Simple method for rapidly domesticating zander |
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| CN104161001B (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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