CN104164587B - A kind of dispersed and strengthened copper-based composite material of densification - Google Patents
A kind of dispersed and strengthened copper-based composite material of densification Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UNRNJMFGIMDYKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Cu+2] UNRNJMFGIMDYKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017770 Cu—Ag Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017818 Cu—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017985 Cu—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to dispersed and strengthened copper-based composite material of a kind of densification and preparation method thereof, be distributed in the Al in described copper alloy matrix by copper alloy matrix and even dispersion
2o
3particulate forms.The present invention adds composition metal in copper-aluminum oxide master alloying, adopts vacuum induction hot pressing furnace or low pressure isostatic sintering stove to sinter, eliminates alloy internal residual hole and defect to greatest extent, make sintered blank substantially reach theoretical density.The dispersion-strengthened brass work adopting the inventive method to prepare has high conductivity, high resistance softening temperature and high compactness, can reach more than 99.5% theoretical density.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compact dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal-based composite material science.
Background
By adding oxide particles into the copper matrix as a reinforcing phase and uniformly and dispersedly distributing the oxide particles in the copper matrix, the mechanical property and the high-temperature softening resistance of the copper-based composite material can be improved, and the conductivity cannot be reduced too much. The copper-aluminum oxide composite material not only has high room temperature strength and excellent electric and heat conducting performance, but also has good arc erosion resistance, wear resistance and high-temperature stability, and is a composite material with wide application prospect. As the manufacturing process of the copper-alumina composite material is a powder metallurgy process, the compactness can hardly reach 100 percent, and a plurality of micro holes exist on the surface of a workpiece. In the hot working and heating process, surface grain boundary oxidation is easily caused, the strength of the grain boundary is low, and cracking is caused in the hot forging process. Due to the difficult problem of hot forging, the method is basically limited in the field of resistance welding materials and electronic small parts at present, and the application of the materials is limited.
However, the dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material sintered blank prepared by the traditional production method is generally not high in density, and particularly when the section is large, a large deformation ratio cannot be further realized, generally only about 97.5% of theoretical density can be achieved, a certain amount of pores exist in the product, and the mechanical and physical properties of the final product are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material with high conductivity, high softening temperature resistance and high compactness and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a compact dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material is composed of a copper alloy matrix and Al uniformly dispersed in the copper alloy matrix2O3A particulate composition; wherein,
the copper alloy matrix is an alloy formed by copper and one or more than two of the following metals: ag. Single rare earth metal or mixed rare earth metal of Cd, Ca, Zr, Mg, La and Ce;
the Al is2O3The content of (A) is 0.1-1.5 wt%; the total content of one or more than two of Ag, Cd, Ca, Zr, Mg, La and Ce single rare earth metals or mixed rare earth metals is less than 2.0 wt%, and the balance is Cu.
Another technical solution of the present invention for solving the above technical problems is as follows:
a preparation method of a compact dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material comprises the following steps:
1) adding electrolytic copper into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, adding a copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy for deoxidation after melting down, adding a copper-aluminum intermediate alloy for continuous smelting, and then carrying out atomization powder preparation by using nitrogen or water mist of 5-15 Mpa to prepare copper-aluminum alloy powder;
2) oxidizing the copper-aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step 1) in an air atmosphere, introducing nitrogen, and then performing internal oxidation to obtain powder subjected to internal oxidation;
3) introducing hydrogen or ammonia decomposition gas into the internally oxidized powder obtained in the step 2) for reduction, and cooling to room temperature after reduction to obtain copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder;
4) uniformly mixing the copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder obtained in the step 3) with any single rare earth metal or more than two mixed rare earth metals of Ag, Cd, Ca, Zr, Mg, La and Ce or one or more powders of Cu-Ag, Cu-Cd, Cu-Ca, Cu-Zr, Cu-Mg, Cu-La and Cu-Ce copper alloys in a mixer to obtain mixed powder;
5) briquetting the mixed powder obtained in the step 4) to obtain a pre-pressed blank;
6) placing the pre-pressed blank obtained in the step 5) in a vacuum induction hot pressing furnace or a low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace for sintering and alloying to obtain Al dispersed on the copper alloy substrate2O3A sintered compact of particles, i.e. the dense dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adds composite metal into the copper-alumina main alloy, and adopts a vacuum induction hot pressing furnace or a low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace to sinter, thereby eliminating residual pores and defects in the alloy to the maximum extent and enabling the sintered blank to basically reach the theoretical density. The dispersion strengthened copper product prepared by the method has high conductivity, high softening temperature resistance and high compactness, and can reach more than 99.5 percent of theoretical density.
The copper-aluminum oxide composite material prepared by the method has the conductivity of more than 80 percent IACS, the hardness of more than 126HB, the density of more than 99.5 percent of theoretical density and the softening temperature of more than 920 ℃.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in the step 1), the time for performing deoxidation is 3-5 minutes.
Further, in the step 1), the process conditions for adding the copper-aluminum intermediate alloy for smelting are as follows: smelting at 1200-1300 ℃ for 5-10 minutes.
Further, in the step 2), the process conditions for performing the oxidation under the air atmosphere are as follows: oxidizing at 300-400 ℃ for 60-180 minutes.
Further, in the step 2), the process conditions for performing the internal oxidation are as follows: carrying out internal oxidation at the temperature of 800-950 ℃, and preserving heat for 90-180 minutes.
Further, in step 3), the process conditions for performing the reduction are as follows: reducing at 800-950 ℃, and preserving heat for 90-180 minutes.
Further, in the step 5), the density of the pre-pressing is 70-90% of theoretical density.
Further, in the step 6), the sintering and alloying process conditions are that the sintering temperature is 950-1020 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum induction hot-pressing furnace is not lower than 5.0 × 10-1And Mpa, wherein the pressure of the low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace is 25-35 MPa, and the sintering time is 1-3 hours.
Further, the density of the sintered compact is greater than 99.5% of theoretical density.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
A compact dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material is composed of a copper alloy matrix and Al uniformly dispersed in the copper alloy matrix2O3A particulate composition; wherein,
the copper alloy matrix is an alloy formed by copper and one or more than two of the following metals: ag. Single rare earth metal or mixed rare earth metal of Cd, Ca, Zr, Mg, La and Ce;
the Al is2O3The content of (A) is 0.1-1.5 wt%; the total content of one or more than two of Ag, Cd, Ca, Zr, Mg, La and Ce single rare earth metals or mixed rare earth metals is less than2.0 wt%, the balance being Cu.
A preparation method of a compact dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material comprises the following steps:
1) adding electrolytic copper into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, adding a copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy for deoxidizing for 3-5 minutes after melting down, adding a copper-aluminum intermediate alloy for smelting for 5-10 minutes at 1200-1300 ℃, and then carrying out atomization powder preparation by using nitrogen or water mist of 5-15 Mpa to prepare copper-aluminum alloy powder;
2) oxidizing the copper-aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step 1) at 300-400 ℃ for 60-180 minutes in an air atmosphere, introducing nitrogen to carry out internal oxidation at 800-950 ℃, and preserving heat for 90-180 minutes to obtain powder subjected to internal oxidation;
3) introducing hydrogen or ammonia decomposition gas into the internally oxidized powder obtained in the step 2), reducing at the temperature of 800-950 ℃, preserving the heat for 90-180 minutes, and cooling to room temperature after the reduction is finished to obtain copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder;
4) uniformly mixing the copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder obtained in the step 3) with any single rare earth metal or more than two mixed rare earth metals of Ag, Cd, Ca, Zr, Mg, La and Ce or one or more powders of Cu-Ag, Cu-Cd, Cu-Ca, Cu-Zr, Cu-Mg, Cu-La and Cu-Ce copper alloys in a mixer to obtain mixed powder;
5) briquetting the mixed powder obtained in the step 4) to obtain a pre-pressed blank, wherein the density of the pre-pressed blank is 70-90% of theoretical density;
6) placing the pre-pressed blank obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum induction hot-pressing furnace or a low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace for sintering and alloying, wherein the sintering temperature is 950-1020 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum induction hot-pressing furnace is not lower than 5.0 × 10-1Mpa, the pressure of the low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace is 25-35 MPa, the sintering time is 1-3 hours, and Al which is dispersedly distributed on the copper alloy substrate is obtained2O3GranulesThe sintered compact of (2) has a density of greater than 99.5% of theoretical density, i.e., the dense dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material.
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to several specific examples.
Example 1
Based on the total weight percentage of the copper-based composite material: 0.58% of alumina, 2.0% of silver and 97.42% of copper, and the theoretical density is 8.864g/cm3。
The preparation method of the compact dispersion strengthening copper-based composite material comprises the following steps:
1) adding electrolytic copper into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, adding a copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy for deoxidation for 3 minutes after melting down, then adding a copper-aluminum intermediate alloy for smelting for 10 minutes at the temperature of 1200 ℃, and then atomizing with 5Mpa nitrogen or water mist for powder preparation to prepare copper-aluminum alloy powder;
2) oxidizing the copper-aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step 1) at 300 ℃ for 180 minutes in an air atmosphere, introducing nitrogen to carry out internal oxidation at 800 ℃, and preserving heat for 180 minutes to obtain internally oxidized powder;
3) introducing hydrogen or ammonia decomposition gas into the internally oxidized powder obtained in the step 2) to reduce at the temperature of 800 ℃, preserving the heat for 180 minutes, and cooling to room temperature after the reduction is finished to obtain copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder;
4) uniformly mixing copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder and silver powder accounting for 2.0 percent of the total mass of the powder in a mixer to obtain mixed powder;
5) briquetting the mixed powder obtained in the step 4) to obtain a pre-pressed blank, wherein the density of the pre-pressed blank is 7.868g/cm3Theoretical density;
6) subjecting the preform obtained in step 5) toSintering and alloying in vacuum induction hot pressing furnace or low pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace at 950 deg.c and vacuum degree not lower than 5.0 × 10-1Mpa, the pressure of the low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace is 25MPa, the sintering time is 3 hours, and Al which is dispersed and distributed on the copper alloy substrate is obtained2O3A sintered compact of particles having a green size of phi 150 × 300mm and a density of 8.829g/cm3。
Example 2
Based on the total weight percentage of the copper-based composite material: 0.58 percent of alumina, 0.36 percent of silver and 99.06 percent of copper, and the theoretical density of the alloy is 8.841g/cm3。
The preparation method of the compact dispersion strengthening copper-based composite material comprises the following steps:
1) adding electrolytic copper into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, adding a copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy for deoxidation for 5 minutes after melting down, then adding a copper-aluminum intermediate alloy for smelting for 5 minutes at the temperature of 1300 ℃, and then atomizing by using 15Mpa nitrogen or water mist for powder preparation to prepare copper-aluminum alloy powder;
2) oxidizing the copper-aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step 1) at the temperature of 400 ℃ for 60 minutes in an air atmosphere, introducing nitrogen to carry out internal oxidation at the temperature of 950 ℃, and preserving heat for 90 minutes to obtain internally oxidized powder;
3) introducing hydrogen or ammonia decomposition gas into the internally oxidized powder obtained in the step 2) to reduce at 950 ℃, preserving heat for 90 minutes, and cooling to room temperature after reduction to obtain copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder;
4) uniformly mixing copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder and copper-6 wt% silver powder which accounts for 6% of the total mass of the powder in a mixer to obtain mixed powder;
5) mixing the mixture obtained in step 4)The powder was compacted to give a preform having a density of 7.871g/cm3；
6) Placing the pre-pressed blank obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum induction hot-pressing furnace or a low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace for sintering and alloying, wherein the sintering temperature is 1020 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum induction hot-pressing furnace is not lower than 5.0 × 10-1Mpa, the pressure of the low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace is 35MPa, the sintering time is 1 hour, and Al which is dispersed and distributed on the copper alloy substrate is obtained2O3A sintered compact of particles having a green size of phi 150 × 300mm and a density of 8.797g/cm3。
Example 3
Based on the total weight percentage of the copper-based composite material: 0.72 percent of alumina, 0.42 percent of lanthanum and 98.86 percent of copper, and the theoretical density of the alloy is 8.805g/cm3。
The preparation method of the compact dispersion strengthening copper-based composite material comprises the following steps:
1) adding electrolytic copper into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, adding a copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy for deoxidation for 4 minutes after melting down, then adding a copper-aluminum intermediate alloy for smelting for 7 minutes at 1250 ℃, and then atomizing with 10Mpa nitrogen or water mist for powder making to obtain copper-aluminum alloy powder;
2) oxidizing the copper-aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step 1) at 350 ℃ for 100 minutes in an air atmosphere, introducing nitrogen to carry out internal oxidation at 850 ℃ and preserving heat for 100 minutes to obtain internally oxidized powder;
3) introducing hydrogen or ammonia decomposition gas into the internally oxidized powder obtained in the step 2), reducing at 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 120 minutes, and cooling to room temperature after reduction to obtain copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder;
4) uniformly mixing copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder and copper-6 wt% lanthanum powder which accounts for 7% of the total mass of the powder in a mixer to obtain mixed powder;
5) briquetting the mixed powder obtained in the step 4) to obtain a pre-pressed blank, wherein the density of the pre-pressed blank is 7.925g/cm3；
6) Placing the pre-pressed blank obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum induction hot-pressing furnace or a low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace for sintering and alloying, wherein the sintering temperature is 970 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum induction hot-pressing furnace is not lower than 5.0 × 10-1Mpa, the pressure of the low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace is 30MPa, the sintering time is 2 hours, and Al which is dispersed and distributed on the copper alloy substrate is obtained2O3A sintered compact of particles having a green size of 300mm phi 300 × 600mm and a density of 8.770g/cm3。
Example 4
Based on the total weight percentage of the copper-based composite material: 1.05 percent of alumina, 0.24 percent of silver, 0.12 percent of cerium, 98.59 percent of copper and 8.785g/cm of theoretical density of alloy3。
The preparation method of the compact dispersion strengthening copper-based composite material comprises the following steps:
1) adding electrolytic copper into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, adding a copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy for deoxidation for 4 minutes after melting down, then adding a copper-aluminum intermediate alloy for smelting for 8 minutes at 1250 ℃, and then atomizing with 12Mpa nitrogen or water mist for powder making to obtain copper-aluminum alloy powder;
2) oxidizing the copper-aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step 1) at 370 ℃ for 120 minutes in an air atmosphere, introducing nitrogen to perform internal oxidation at 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 140 minutes to obtain internally oxidized powder;
3) introducing hydrogen or ammonia decomposition gas into the internally oxidized powder obtained in the step 2), reducing at 900 ℃, preserving heat for 150 minutes, and cooling to room temperature after reduction to obtain copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder;
4) uniformly mixing copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder, copper-6 wt% silver powder accounting for 4% of the total mass of the powder and copper-6 wt% cerium powder accounting for 2% of the total mass of the powder in a mixer to obtain mixed powder;
5) briquetting the mixed powder obtained in the step 4) to obtain a pre-pressed blank, wherein the density of the pre-pressed blank is 7.730g/cm3；
6) Placing the pre-pressed blank obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum induction hot-pressing furnace or a low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace for sintering and alloying, wherein the sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum induction hot-pressing furnace is not lower than 5.0 × 10-1Mpa, the pressure of the low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace is 32MPa, the sintering time is 2 hours, and Al which is dispersed and distributed on the copper alloy substrate is obtained2O3A sintered compact of particles having a green size of 400 mm phi 400 × 800mm and a density of 8.749g/cm3。
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the compact dispersion strengthening copper-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) the compact dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material comprises a copper alloy matrix and Al uniformly dispersed in the copper alloy matrix2O3A particulate composition; wherein,
the copper alloy matrix is an alloy formed by copper and one or more than two of the following metals: ag. Single metal or mixed metal of Cd, Ca, Zr, Mg, La and Ce;
the Al is2O3The content of (B) is 0.1-1.5 wt%; the total content of one or more than two of Ag, Cd, Ca, Zr, Mg, La and Ce single metal or mixed metal is less than 2.0 wt%, and the balance is Cu;
adding electrolytic copper into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, adding a copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy for deoxidation after melting down, adding a copper-aluminum intermediate alloy for continuous smelting, and then carrying out atomization powder preparation by using nitrogen or water mist with the pressure of 5-15 MPa to prepare copper-aluminum alloy powder;
2) oxidizing the copper-aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step 1) in an air atmosphere, introducing nitrogen, and then performing internal oxidation to obtain powder subjected to internal oxidation;
3) introducing hydrogen or ammonia decomposition gas into the internally oxidized powder obtained in the step 2) for reduction, and cooling to room temperature after reduction to obtain copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder;
4) uniformly mixing the copper-aluminum oxide alloy powder obtained in the step 3) with any single metal or more than two mixed metals of Ag, Cd, Ca, Zr, Mg, La and Ce or one or more powders of Cu-Ag, Cu-Cd, Cu-Ca, Cu-Zr, Cu-Mg, Cu-La and Cu-Ce in a mixer to obtain mixed powder;
5) briquetting the mixed powder obtained in the step 4) to obtain a pre-pressed blank;
6) placing the pre-pressed blank obtained in the step 5) in a vacuum induction hot pressing furnace or a low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace for sintering and alloying to obtain Al dispersed on the copper alloy substrate2O3A sintered compact of particles, i.e. the dense dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material.
2. The method for preparing the dense dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the deoxidation is performed for 3 to 5 minutes.
3. The preparation method of the dense dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the process conditions for adding the copper-aluminum intermediate alloy for smelting are as follows: smelting at 1200-1300 ℃ for 5-10 minutes.
4. The method for preparing the dense dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the process conditions for the oxidation under the air atmosphere are as follows: oxidizing at 300-400 ℃ for 60-180 minutes.
5. The method for preparing the dense dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the process conditions for performing the internal oxidation are as follows: carrying out internal oxidation at the temperature of 800-950 ℃, and preserving heat for 90-180 minutes.
6. The method for preparing the dense dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the reduction is performed under the following process conditions: reducing at 800-950 ℃, and preserving heat for 90-180 minutes.
7. The method for preparing the dense dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the density of the pre-press is 70-90% of the theoretical density.
8. The preparation method of the compact dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6), the sintering and alloying process conditions are that the sintering temperature is 950-1020 ℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum induction hot-pressing furnace is not lower than 5.0 × 10-1And MPa, wherein the pressure of the low-pressure isostatic pressing sintering furnace is 25-35 MPa, and the sintering time is 1-3 hours.
9. The method of preparing a densified dispersion-strengthened copper-based composite according to claim 1, wherein the sintered compact has a density of greater than 99.5% of theoretical density.
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