CN104153805B - Smoke exhaust method in tunnel - Google Patents
Smoke exhaust method in tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104153805B CN104153805B CN201410373141.8A CN201410373141A CN104153805B CN 104153805 B CN104153805 B CN 104153805B CN 201410373141 A CN201410373141 A CN 201410373141A CN 104153805 B CN104153805 B CN 104153805B
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Abstract
The invention discloses smoke exhaust method in a kind of tunnel, first pass through the generation of supervising device quick detection to certain section fire in tunnel and further determine that fire location, air-flow character in fire scale and this section of tunnel, carry out respective objects control on this basis, automatically and/or the turning to and rotating speed of the manual corresponding blower fan of regulable control of binding operation person, the natural wind speed making fire section trends towards zero, open the exhaust opening caught fire in point range simultaneously, realize flue gas sucked by smoke duct quickly through corresponding exhaust opening and discharge, in smoke evacuation process, supervising device keeps the dynamic monitoring of air-flow character in this section of tunnel, fan operation state is adjusted in real time.The present invention can effectively reduce the natural wind speed of tunnel pipeline section, avoid the excessive many fast diffusion of flue gas, ensure that in tunnel pipeline section certain limit, flow of flue gas presents certain rule, make the visibility in tunnel, temperature, toxic and harmful concentration etc. reach a kind of controllable state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of smoke evacuation system design, particularly relate to smoke exhaust method in a kind of tunnel.
Background technology
Along with the development of society, the construction of major long tunnel is more and more frequent, and its economic results in society brought are also day by day notable.But simultaneously, Some features due to tunnel structure self, such as export abroad is few, relatively close, natural draught system difficulty etc., make it internal once breaking out of fire by tunnel structure and in it life security of travel personnel cause great threat, and give and evacuate escape and rescue work and bring great difficulty.Existing disaster accident statistics show, evacuation difficulty that such as enclosed environment of tunnel-like linear structure can cause, rescue difficulty, smoke evacuation difficulty so that it is internal once breaking out of fire, more dangerous relative to surface structures；Meanwhile, these underground structure internal structures are complicated, flow of the people is big, face accidental pollution event and are difficult to timely and effective disposal, it is easy to cause the dead group's wound of personnel group, cause huge property loss and serious social influence.
Owing in tunnel, temperature, smog and toxic gas all may be fatal, this problem was all carried out deep discussion by many scholars.There are some researches show, cause that the reason of personnel death is mainly in escape process and sucked flue gas particle.The harm of people is mainly had by flue gas: sucks thermal current and burns respiratory tract；Containing poisonous and narcotic gas in flue gas；Owing in air, the content of oxygen very low causing suffocates；Stimulate eyes and respiratory tract, obstruct the view, be unfavorable for the evacuation of people.Therefore, effectively discharge in long distance tunnel flue gas or flue gas stream is carried out reasonably change control be considerable.
The design of current tunnel smoke evacuation substantially combines with draft type, it is ventilation function in normal condition, meet the requirement of environmental protection, and in case of fire for smoke evacuation, Tobacco Control function, its main purpose is to create the evacuation environment of safety and comfort for department personnel by bus, helps the quick and convenient arrival scene of fire of firefighter simultaneously.The mode of smoke evacuation can be classified as two kinds: horizontal fume exhausting type and longitudinal fume exhausting type.So-called transverse type is the purpose by realizing ventilation smoke exhaust along the air-supply of the whole length continuous uniform in tunnel or air draft.Longitudinal ventilation mode is through in tunnel producing longitudinally distinguished and admirable reaching ventilation smoke exhaust purpose.
The rescue evacuation of domestic and international established tunnel can be realized by following several ways:
1. horizontal service channel escape
Two-tube tunnel along tunnel longitudinally, arranges horizontal service channel by two tunnel UNICOMs, it is achieved fire disaster escaping and rescue at spacing intervals.
2. vertical passage escape
Utilize the separate tunnel being parallel to direction, tunnel or in tunnel space below roadway face build up longitudinal passway for escaping, emergency exit is set at spacing intervals or slides the passway for escaping UNICOM under ramp and road surface, to flee from fire hazard.
3. vertical-transverse passage-way combines escape
Emergency exit longitudinally it is set at spacing intervals along tunnel or slides the passway for escaping UNICOM under ramp and road surface, forming evacuating personnel passage；Meanwhile, horizontal service channel is set at spacing intervals by two tunnel UNICOMs, carries out vehicle dispersal and fire-fighting and rescue.
Under existing single longitudinally rescue evacuation strategy fire condition, by the impact of fire and smoke spread, the visibility of track layer, temperature, toxic and harmful CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION rule there is very big randomness, be unfavorable for fire-fighting and rescue and the expansion of evacuating personnel work.
Therefore, the applicant is devoted to develop a kind of smoke evacuation system and method thereof in tunnel that smoke condition in tunnel can carry out monitor in real time and quickly effectively discharge automatically.
Summary of the invention
Because the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the present invention is smoke exhaust method in a kind of tunnel that smoke condition in tunnel can carry out monitor in real time and quickly effectively discharge automatically of proposition.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides smoke exhaust method in a kind of tunnel, adopt smoke evacuation system in following tunnel, including the smoke duct arranged along tunnel longitudinal extension, described smoke duct offers multiple exhaust opening towards the conducting of described tunnel internal, for determining the supervising device of fire in tunnel position, fire scale and air-flow character, and for changing the blower fan of airflow direction and speed in tunnel；The described blower fan of many groups is arranged along described tunnel longitudinal arrangement, and described blower fan is in longitudinally staggered disposition with described exhaust opening, and whole described blower fans all are controlled being connected with described supervising device；Described supervising device monitors certain pipeline section in described tunnel when needing to discharge fume, and controls the output wind speed and direction of each blower fan on this pipeline section, reduces the natural wind speed of this pipeline section, is sucked in smoke duct by flue gas by this exhaust opening contiguous simultaneously and discharges；
In described tunnel, smoke exhaust method comprises the following steps: first passes through the generation of described supervising device quick detection to certain section fire in tunnel and further determines that fire location, air-flow character in fire scale and this section of tunnel, carry out respective objects control on this basis, automatically and/or the turning to and rotating speed of the manual corresponding blower fan of regulable control of binding operation person, the natural wind speed making fire section trends towards zero, open the exhaust opening caught fire in point range simultaneously, realize flue gas sucked by smoke duct quickly through corresponding exhaust opening and discharge, in smoke evacuation process, supervising device keeps the dynamic monitoring of air-flow character in this section of tunnel, fan operation state is adjusted in real time.
The having the beneficial effect that of smoke exhaust method in the tunnel of the present invention:
Smoke condition in tunnel can be monitored in real time by the present invention by supervising device and method thereof, and the duty of the output wind speed and direction and smokejack by manipulating each blower fan, effectively reduce the natural wind speed of tunnel pipeline section, be conducive to being entered in smoke duct the flue gas in tunnel by exhaust opening discharging, avoided the excessive fast diffusion excessively of flue gas, ensure that in tunnel pipeline section certain limit, flow of flue gas presents certain rule, make the visibility in tunnel, temperature, toxic and harmful concentration etc. reaches a kind of controllable state, safety is provided for tunnel fire-fighting and rescue and evacuation, comfortable environment.
Apply the tunnel of the present invention; in the event of a fire; flow of flue gas in tunnel under fire condition can be controlled; can effectively protect tunnel lining structure from the hyperthermia radiation under fire; coordinate tunnel fire-fighting and rescue and evacuate structure, can utilize on the one hand the separate tunnel being parallel to direction, tunnel or in tunnel space below roadway face build up longitudinal passway for escaping and launch；On the other hand, owing to the development of fire can be controlled effectively, it is possible to after evacuating along track layer, fire-fighting and rescue is launched by track layer.Single longitudinally rescue evacuation mode and emphasis smoke evacuation system are organically combined.The very first time is there is at fire, the present invention can determine air-flow character in fire location, fire scale and tunnel by supervising device, on this basis, manually or automatically regulate turning to and rotating speed of corresponding blower fan, make the low zero of natural wind prompt drop of the tunnel pipeline section of fire section, open the emphasis exhaust opening caught fire in point range simultaneously, carry out smoke evacuation operation.
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the technique effect of the design of the present invention, concrete structure and generation is described further, to be fully understood from the purpose of the present invention, feature and effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is smoke evacuation system structural representation in specific embodiment tunnel.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of specific embodiment tunnel cross sectional.
Fig. 3 be specific embodiment tunnel in the schematic flow sheet of smoke exhaust method.
Detailed description of the invention
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, smoke evacuation system in a kind of tunnel of the present embodiment, comprising: the smoke duct 200 arranged along tunnel 100 longitudinal extension, for determining the supervising device 300 of fire in tunnel position, fire scale and air-flow character, and for changing the blower fan 400 of airflow direction and speed in tunnel.
As shown in Figure 1, towards tunnel 1, internal conducting offers multiple exhaust opening 210 to the smoke duct 200 of the present embodiment, many group blower fans 400 are arranged along tunnel 1 longitudinal arrangement, and blower fan 400 is in longitudinally staggered disposition with exhaust opening 210, and whole blower fans 400 all are controlled being connected with supervising device 300.Exemplary, as shown in Figure 1, one group of blower fan 400 is arranged between longitudinally adjacent two exhaust opening 210 of the present embodiment, an exhaust opening 210 is arranged between two groups of longitudinally adjacent blower fans 400, one group of blower fan 400 is two blower fans being arranged side by side being arranged on same tunnel cross sectional in the present embodiment, in Fig. 1, not shown supervising device and tunnel concrete structure, only basically illustrate blower fan, smoke duct and exhaust opening thereof.
Concrete, the supervising device 300 of the present embodiment monitors certain pipeline section in tunnel 100 when needing to discharge fume, control the output wind speed and direction of each blower fan 400 on this pipeline section, reduce the natural wind speed of this pipeline section, by this exhaust opening 210 contiguous flue gas sucked in smoke duct 200 simultaneously and discharge.
Exemplary, as shown in Figure 1, the blower fan 400 of the present embodiment is bidirectional reversible adjustable speed jet blower, the two-port of smoke duct 200 is provided with smoke exhaust fan 220, it is correspondingly arranged on an automatic door (not shown) at each exhaust opening 210, described automatic door controls to be connected with supervising device 300, adjacent row mouth 210 interval 100-200m.
nullConcrete，As shown in Figure 2，The supervising device 300 of the present embodiment includes detecting element 310、Photographic head 320、Display 330 and PLC 340，Multiple detecting elements 310 and photographic head 320 are arranged in tunnel 100，And keep controlling to be connected with PLC 340，Carry out detecting in real time and monitoring to the situation in tunnel by detecting element 310 and photographic head 320，The parameters such as the flue gas concentration in tunnel 100 and flowing velocity can be detected and feed back in PLC 340 by detecting element 310，Real-time condition in tunnel effectively can be understood by photographic head 320 and display 330，And the wind speed and direction of corresponding blower fan 400 is controlled by PLC 340，Air-flow in guide tunnel 100 is discharged fast and effectively by contiguous exhaust opening 210.
Of course, in other specific embodiments, supervising device can adopt other outsourcing pieces to carry out assembling use according to actual needs, as adopted computer to coordinate various kinds of sensors to be monitored use etc., the concrete model of blower fan and smoke exhaust fan and quantity is set can also carry out as required choosing and arranging, blower fan as described in many groups can also be provided with between exhaust opening as described in longitudinally adjacent two, multiple described exhaust opening can also be provided with described in longitudinally adjacent two groups between blower fan, repeat no more herein.
Exemplary, utilize smoke evacuation system in the tunnel of the present embodiment to carry out smoke exhaust method in the tunnel discharged fume specific as follows:
nullAs shown in Figure 3，Applying in the present embodiment tunnel in the tunnel of smoke evacuation system，If the somewhere breaking out of fire in tunnel，Quick detection to the generation of fire and fire location can be further determined that by supervising device 300、Air-flow character in fire scale and this section of tunnel，And set up air characteristics forecast model，Carry out respective objects control on this basis，Automatically and/or the turning to and rotating speed of the manual corresponding blower fan 400 of regulable control of binding operation person，The natural wind speed making fire section trends towards zero (being infinitely close to zero or equal to zero)，Flue gas is compressed in fire section，Open the exhaust opening 210 caught fire in point range simultaneously，The flue gas making this fire section no longer spreads，Realize flue gas sucked in time by smoke duct 200 quickly through corresponding exhaust opening 210 and discharge，In smoke evacuation process，Supervising device 300 keeps the dynamic monitoring of air-flow character in this section of tunnel，Adjust air characteristics forecast model in real time，Blower fan 400 running status is adjusted in real time，Make the visibility of (2m) within the scope of the track layer certain altitude in certain time tunnel、Temperature、The concentration of toxic and harmful can control to certain degree and scope，Meet fire-fighting and rescue and the requirement of dredging escape.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above.Should be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the art just can make many modifications and variations according to the design of the present invention without creative work.Therefore, all technical staff in the art, all should in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology by the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment.
Claims (1)
1. smoke exhaust method in a tunnel, it is characterized in that: adopt smoke evacuation system in following tunnel, including the smoke duct arranged along tunnel longitudinal extension, described smoke duct offers multiple exhaust opening towards the conducting of described tunnel internal, for determining the supervising device of fire in tunnel position, fire scale and air-flow character, and for changing the blower fan of airflow direction and speed in tunnel；The described blower fan of many groups is arranged along described tunnel longitudinal arrangement, and described blower fan is in longitudinally staggered disposition with described exhaust opening, and whole described blower fans all are controlled being connected with described supervising device；Described supervising device monitors certain pipeline section in described tunnel when needing to discharge fume, and controls the output wind speed and direction of each blower fan on this pipeline section, reduces the natural wind speed of this pipeline section, is sucked in smoke duct by flue gas by this exhaust opening contiguous simultaneously and discharges；
In described tunnel, smoke exhaust method comprises the following steps: first passes through the generation of described supervising device quick detection to certain section fire in tunnel and further determines that fire location, air-flow character in fire scale and this section of tunnel, carry out respective objects control on this basis, automatically and/or the turning to and rotating speed of the manual corresponding blower fan of regulable control of binding operation person, the natural wind speed making fire section trends towards zero, open the exhaust opening caught fire in point range simultaneously, realize flue gas sucked by smoke duct quickly through corresponding exhaust opening and discharge, in smoke evacuation process, supervising device keeps the dynamic monitoring of air-flow character in this section of tunnel, fan operation state is adjusted in real time.
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| CN201410373141.8A CN104153805B (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | Smoke exhaust method in tunnel |
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| CN201410373141.8A CN104153805B (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | Smoke exhaust method in tunnel |
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| CN104153805A CN104153805A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
| CN104153805B true CN104153805B (en) | 2016-07-27 |
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Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104533498A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-22 | 西南交通大学 | Point exhaust type subway tunnel fire ventilation and smoke exhaust system |
| CN104500123B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-08-17 | 中国葛洲坝集团第三工程有限公司 | A kind of distance tunnel construction phase quick ventilation and exhaust device and method |
| CN104912583B (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-12-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Portable jet blower combination fume extractor and its method in tunnel |
| CN106121707B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2019-04-19 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Underwater two-tube municipal administration and highway are grown up the ventilating system and method for ventilation of shield tunnel |
| CN106930782B (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2024-06-04 | 北京交科公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Independent pressurizing air supply system and method for tunnel cross tunnel |
| CN107503794B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-05-31 | 南京中灿科技有限公司 | Subway sectional tunnel accident smoke evacuation wind speed determines method |
| CN108223009A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-06-29 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of tunnel ventilation control method based on pollutant concentration |
| CN111261011B (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-11-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Mine fire simulation experiment platform and experiment method |
| CN111173551B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2024-05-28 | 长安大学 | Tunnel fire smoke intelligent control system, working method and installation method thereof |
| CN111520856A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-11 | 浙江明基消防科技有限公司 | Air leakage control system of smoke prevention and exhaust system |
| CN112127932B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-09-20 | 东南大学 | Lateral smoke exhaust auxiliary flow guide control device and method |
| CN113513506B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-08-16 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Dynamic smoke exhaust system and method based on spatial extinction coefficient measurement |
| CN113982670B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2024-08-16 | 深圳市市政设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel structure based on shape memory alloy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2011100850A1 (en) * | 2010-02-17 | 2011-08-25 | Petr Pospisil | Method and apparatus for fire ventilation and fire containment |
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| EP1398461A1 (en) * | 2002-09-03 | 2004-03-17 | TLT-Turbo GmbH | Method and device for ventilating a tunnel |
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Address after: 200011 Tibet South Road, Shanghai, No. 1170, No. Patentee after: Shanghai urban construction design & Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd. Address before: 200011 Tibet South Road, Shanghai, No. 1170, No. Patentee before: Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute |