CN104150998A - Preparation method for organic/inorganic compound fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method for organic/inorganic compound fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104150998A CN104150998A CN201410386671.6A CN201410386671A CN104150998A CN 104150998 A CN104150998 A CN 104150998A CN 201410386671 A CN201410386671 A CN 201410386671A CN 104150998 A CN104150998 A CN 104150998A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for an organic/inorganic compound fertilizer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) adding plant ash into papermaking black liquor, and mixing the plant ash and the papermaking black liquor uniformly at 35-45 DEG C to obtain raw material mixed liquor, wherein 0.08-0.125 g of plant ash is added into every milliliter of papermaking black liquor; (2) adjusting the pH value of the raw material mixed liquor prepared in step (1) with phosphoric acid to be 3.0-8.0, and adding a nitrogenous additive to enable the mass of nitrogen to account for 3-5 percent of that of dry material to obtain organic/inorganic compound liquid; (3) drying the organic/inorganic compound liquid obtained in step (2) at 120-140 DEG C to obtain the organic/inorganic compound fertilizer. The preparation method for the organic/inorganic compound fertilizer, provided by the invention, uses the papermaking black liquor as a raw material, and is low in cost, environment-friendly, high in fertilization efficiency and low in loss of nitrogen.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural fertilizer field, more specifically, relate to a kind of preparation method of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
Background technology
Fertilizer, as the important component part of crop nutrient elements, has played keying action for the output that improves farm crop.China can support to account for the arable land in the world 7% population in the world 21% now, with fertilizer particularly chemical fertilizer used in a large number close relationship.Chemical fertilizer has fertilizer efficiency feature rapidly and efficiently, but also has very large drawback simultaneously, as crop product quantity declines, soil presents chemical degradation, atmosphere and water pollution increase etc.Along with the rise of the sustainable ecological agriculture, fertilizer improve soil physics, chemistry, biological property, fertilizing soil, fertilizer efficiency is long, steady, the good advantage of ecological benefits receives people's concern, but the effect that fertilizer brings is relatively slow, the inconvenient shortcoming of the large storing of bulking value has suppressed the popularization of fertilizer.
In recent years, compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is subject to the great attention of agriculture field as new-type fertilizer.Compound organic and inorganic fertilizer adopts various manufacturing process that the two is carried out to the fertilizer that compound (mixing) processes after referring to organic materials and chemical fertilizer being mixed by a certain percentage.The nutrient content that it has overcome fertilizer is low, is difficult for decomposing, and the large storing of bulking value is inconvenient, and deficiency and the inorganic fertilizer nutrient of requirement that can not meet in time high crop yield is single, and fertilizer efficiency is short, long-term application spoiled soil structure, the deficiency of contaminate environment.Compound organic and inorganic fertilizer has increased the content of the soil organism on the one hand, has brought into play the ability of important substance soil ulmin absorption nutrient ion in the soil organism, has improved the fertilizer conservation performance of soil, reduces nutrient loss; Give full play to again on the other hand chemical fertilizer of simple substance fertilizer efficiency feature fast and efficiently, can supply with in time growing of crop.
Most compound organic and inorganic fertilizer manufacturer is used humic acid or weathered coal as organic matter material, and these materials are Nonrenewable energy resources, and intemperate use will cause the famine of resource.In the time preparing compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, need through processes such as granulation, oven dry, cooling, microbial inoculum sprayings, complex steps, needs complicated equipment.And the ratio of organic composition and inorganic components is different in the formula of existing compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, when organic composition is too much, cause stimulation ratio not obvious; When inorganic components is too much, fertilizer efficiency is short, and environmental pollution is serious.
Summary of the invention
For above defect or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, its object be by conjunction with plant ash and black liquid as raw material, regulate the wherein ratio of the element such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium to prepare compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, solve thus current compound organic and inorganic fertilizer element imbalance or the high technical problem of production cost, the plant ash of the independent use of solution simultaneously as fertilizer sources airborne dust, the problem that fertilizer loss amount is large.
For achieving the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of preparation method of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, it is characterized in that, comprised the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: plant ash is joined in black liquid, add plant ash 0.08g to 0.125g in every milliliter of black liquid, at 35 DEG C to 45 DEG C, mix, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value between 3.0 to 8.0, and add nitrogenous additive, make ratio that the quality of nitrogen element accounts for dry biomass between 3% to 5%, obtain organic-inorganic compound liquid;
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 120 DEG C to 140 DEG C, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
Preferably, the preparation method of described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, its step (2) regulates raw material pH of mixed value between 5.16 to 6.08 with phosphoric acid.
Preferably, the preparation method of described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, described in it, nitrogenous additive is one or both the mixture in ammonium nitrate and saltpetre.
Preferably, the preparation method of described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, described in it, nitrogenous additive is saltpetre.
Preferably, the preparation method of described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, described in it, nitrogenous additive is the mixture that ammonium nitrate and saltpetre mix according to mass ratio 1:1 to 2:1.。
In general, the above technical scheme of conceiving by the present invention compared with prior art, can obtain following beneficial effect:
(1) preparation method of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer provided by the invention, has effectively utilized black liquid.It is too high that black liquid deals with cost, and directly discharge can cause water pollution, the invention solves the problem of paper-making black liquor or processing cost; Make full use of the organic resource such as black liquor and hemicellulose simultaneously, both cost-saving, produce good economic benefit, reduce again pollution, environmentally friendly.
(2) plant ash, as potassium source, simultaneously as the organic matter in sorbent material absorption black liquid, and contains the micronutrient elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulphur and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum.But use separately plant ash as fertilizer sources, and easily causing that airborne dust causes atmospheric pollution, loss amount is larger simultaneously.The present invention joins plant ash in black liquid, the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of making, and the airborne dust that can not cause easy to use, plant ash anchors in the organic composition of black liquid, and fertilising efficiency is high.
(3) the present invention, with phosphoric acid as conditioning agent, has not only regulated pH but also provide phosphorus nutrients.
(4) first regulate plant ash and black liquid pH to acid, then add nitrogenous additive, avoided the loss of ammonium class nitrogen.
(5) Chemical Mixed Fertilizer provided by the invention, through hyperthermia drying process, plays the effect of sterilizing worm's ovum simultaneously, does not need additionally to use sterilant, as unslaked lime etc.Cause nitrogenous additive thermolysis for fear of hyperthermia drying process simultaneously, the present invention has adopted ammonium nitrate and saltpetre as nitrogenous additive, especially adopt the mixture of ammonium nitrate and saltpetre as nitrogenous additive, reduce on the one hand the usage quantity of additive, avoid on the other hand too much nitrogenous additive thermolysis, subdued generally the production cost of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.Therefore compound organic and inorganic fertilizer preparation method provided by the invention, raw material is easy to get, does not need complex apparatus, and production cost reduces greatly.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.In addition,, in each embodiment of described the present invention, involved technical characterictic just can combine mutually as long as do not form each other conflict.
The preparation method of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: plant ash is joined in black liquid, add plant ash 0.08g to 0.125g in every milliliter of black liquid, at 35 DEG C to 45 DEG C, mix, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value between 3.0 to 8.0, preferably pH value is between 5.16 to 6.08, and add nitrogenous additive, make ratio that the quality of nitrogen element accounts for dry biomass between 3% to 5%, obtain organic-inorganic compound liquid.Described nitrogenous additive is one or both the mixture in ammonium nitrate and saltpetre, uses separately saltpetre effect to be better than using separately ammonium nitrate, and preferably nitrogenous additive is the mixture that ammonium nitrate and saltpetre mix according to mass ratio 1:1 to 2:1.
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 120 DEG C to 140 DEG C, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
Plant ash: the self-produced plant ash of farmers'.Be a kind of grey black meal producing after trees, stalk, weeds burning, plant ash is rich in potassium, also contains the micronutrient elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulphur and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum.Plant ash is residual ashes material after faggot burning, is conventional farm manure.The mineral element that all plants are contained, nearly all has in plant ash.Its composition is mainly potassium element, generally, containing potassium 6-12%, therefore generally claims that plant ash is potash fertilizer.In addition, plant ash also contains the micronutrient elements such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulphur and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum.Plant ash, except supplying with potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and various trace elements, also can reduce soil acidity, and the nitrogen in activating soil organic matter, alleviates disease effectively.But plant ash is because its light weight is loose, granularity is little, transports very easily to blow when using and lose and contaminate environment; Simultaneously in plant ash, nitrogen and organic amount are little.
Black liquid: take from paper mill, nitrogenous 0.34g/L, phosphorus 0.0445g/L, potassium 2.58g/L, organic 57.19g/L, pH 9-10.Paper-making industry has produced a large amount of black liquids as traditional production, has brought serious pollution problem.Black liquor is in chemical pulping process, and wood chip, through (alkali) boiling and filtration, obtains after fibrous matter remaining black liquor.Black liquid contains a large amount of fibers, pigment and inorganic salt, can make water body blackening, and has special foul smell; The BOD that contains the black liquid of the organic pollutant of high density can reach 5000-40000g/L, can consume in a large number the dissolved oxygens in water, affects water quality; And in black liquor, a large amount of alkaline matters that exist can make the pH value of water body sharply raise, and destroy the balance of water body environment.In black liquor, contained pollutent has accounted for the more than 90% of papermaking enterprise discharge amount of pollution, is that China's water pollutes one of maximum source of pollution.Now the treatment process of black liquid is mainly divided into physical treatment process, materialization treatment process, biological treatment, method of chemical treatment etc.But these are all that the organic matter in black liquor is separated or degraded to the method for black liquid processing.Black liquid organic content is higher, if all take the mode of degraded, can consume a large amount of pharmaceutical chemicalss, can not effectively utilize the organic matter in black liquor simultaneously, causes benefit low.
Phosphoric acid: being a kind of common mineral acid, is the raw material of producing the phosphate fertilizer such as calcium superphosphate, potassium primary phosphate.
Saltpetre: water white transparency prism-shaped or white particle or crystalline powder.Saltpetre belongs to binary compound fertilizer.Saltpetre is that the total content of nutrient for plants potassium, nitrogen can reach 60% left and right without chlorine potassium, nitrogen composite fertilizer material, has good physicochemical property.Saltpetre is very extensive in agricultural, commodities market purposes.
Ammonium nitrate: be the transparent crystallization of no color or smell or the crystallization being white in color, soluble in water.Main nitrogenous fertilizer.
Be below embodiment:
Embodiment 1
A preparation method for compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: take plant ash and join in black liquid, add plant ash 0.1g in every milliliter of black liquid, stir under 40 DEG C of conditions, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value to 5.18, and adding nitrogenous additive, every milliliter of black liquid adds nitrogenous additive saltpetre 0.08, obtains organic-inorganic compound liquid.
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 130 DEG C after 4 hours, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
The compound organic and inorganic fertilizer making, after measured, total nitrogen 4.74%, total phosphorus 16.65%, potassium 4.71%, organic 20.54%.
Embodiment 2
A preparation method for compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: take plant ash and join in black liquid, add plant ash 0.08g in every milliliter of black liquid, stir under 35 DEG C of conditions, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value to 5.17, and adding nitrogenous additive, every milliliter of black liquid adds nitrogenous interpolation saltpetre 0.067g, obtains organic-inorganic compound liquid.
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 120 DEG C after 4 hours, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
The compound organic and inorganic fertilizer making, after measured, total nitrogen 3.08%, total phosphorus 15.81%, potassium 12.98%, organic 20.66%.
Embodiment 3
A preparation method for compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: take plant ash and join in black liquid, add plant ash 0.083g in every milliliter of black liquid, stir under 45 DEG C of conditions, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value to 5.16, and add nitrogenous additive, every milliliter of black liquid adds nitrogenous additive ammonium nitrate and saltpetre according to the mixture 0.05g of mass ratio 2:1, obtains organic-inorganic compound liquid.
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 140 DEG C after 4 hours, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
The compound organic and inorganic fertilizer making, after measured, total nitrogen 4.74%, total phosphorus 16.65%, potassium 4.71%, organic 20.54%.
Embodiment 4
A preparation method for compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: take plant ash and join in black liquid, add plant ash 0.083g in every milliliter of black liquid, stir under 40 DEG C of conditions, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value to 5.28, and add nitrogenous additive, every milliliter of black liquid adds nitrogenous additive ammonium nitrate and saltpetre according to the mixture 0.042g of mass ratio 1.5:1, obtains organic-inorganic compound liquid.
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 130 DEG C after 4 hours, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
The compound organic and inorganic fertilizer making, after measured, total nitrogen 3.80%, total phosphorus 16.61%, potassium 4.70%, organic 19.69%.
Embodiment 5
A preparation method for compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: take plant ash and join in black liquid, add plant ash 0.125g in every milliliter of black liquid, stir under 40 DEG C of conditions, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value to 6.08, and add nitrogenous additive, every milliliter of black liquid adds nitrogenous additive ammonium nitrate and saltpetre according to the mixture 0.063g of mass ratio 1.5:1, obtains organic-inorganic compound liquid.
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 130 DEG C after 4 hours, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
The compound organic and inorganic fertilizer making, after measured, total nitrogen 4.24%, total phosphorus 8.02%, potassium 5.05%, organic 14.75%.
Embodiment 6
A preparation method for compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: take plant ash and join in black liquid, add plant ash 0.1g in every milliliter of black liquid, stir under 35 DEG C of conditions, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value to 5.52, and add nitrogenous additive, every milliliter of black liquid adds nitrogenous additive ammonium nitrate and saltpetre according to the mixture 0.04g of mass ratio 1:1, obtains organic-inorganic compound liquid.
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 130 DEG C after 4 hours, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
The compound organic and inorganic fertilizer making, after measured, total nitrogen 3.15%, total phosphorus 15.68%, potassium 6.68%, organic 20.32%.
Embodiment 7
A preparation method for compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: take plant ash and join in black liquid, add plant ash 0.125g in every milliliter of black liquid, stir under 40 DEG C of conditions, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value to 5.28, and add nitrogenous additive, every milliliter of black liquid adds nitrogenous additive ammonium nitrate and saltpetre according to the mixture 0.05g of mass ratio 1:1, obtains organic-inorganic compound liquid.
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 130 DEG C after 4 hours, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
The compound organic and inorganic fertilizer making, after measured, total nitrogen 3.53%, total phosphorus 17.29%, potassium 5.61%, organic 13.19%.
Embodiment 8
A preparation method for compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: take plant ash and join in black liquid, add plant ash 0.1g in every milliliter of black liquid, stir under 45 DEG C of conditions, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value to 5.59, and add nitrogenous additive, every milliliter of black liquid adds nitrogenous additive ammonium nitrate and saltpetre according to the mixture 0.04g of mass ratio 1:1, obtains organic-inorganic compound liquid.
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 130 DEG C after 4 hours, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
The compound organic and inorganic fertilizer making, after measured, total nitrogen 3.16%, total phosphorus 15.55%, potassium 5.11%, organic 17.64%.
Embodiment 9
GB_1887-2009 is as follows to compound organic and inorganic fertilizer content requirement and each embodiment data:
Table 1 compound organic and inorganic fertilizer content requirement
The experimental result of table 2 during using saltpetre as nitrogenous additive
Table 3NH
4nO
3+ KNO
3mix the result using
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw material mixed solution: plant ash is joined in black liquid, add plant ash 0.08g to 0.125g in every milliliter of black liquid, at 35 DEG C to 45 DEG C, mix, obtain raw material mixed solution;
(2) preparation of organic-inorganic compound liquid: raw material mixed solution prepared by step (1), with phosphorus acid for adjusting pH value between 3.0 to 8.0, and add nitrogenous additive, make ratio that the quality of nitrogen element accounts for dry biomass between 3% to 5%, obtain organic-inorganic compound liquid;
(3) preparation of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer: by the organic-inorganic compound liquid of preparation in step (2), dry at 120 DEG C to 140 DEG C, make described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer.
2. the preparation method of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (2) regulates raw material pH of mixed value between 5.16 to 6.08 with phosphoric acid.
3. the preparation method of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described nitrogenous additive is one or both the mixture in ammonium nitrate and saltpetre.
4. the preparation method of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described nitrogenous additive is saltpetre.
5. the preparation method of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described nitrogenous additive is the mixture that ammonium nitrate and saltpetre mix according to mass ratio 1:1 to 2:1.
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| CN106478256A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-08 | 安徽格义循环经济产业园有限公司 | Stalk biochemistry lignin organic slow-release liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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