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CN104156956B - A kind of multicorner edge detection operator method recognized based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value - Google Patents

A kind of multicorner edge detection operator method recognized based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value Download PDF

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CN104156956B
CN104156956B CN201410382235.1A CN201410382235A CN104156956B CN 104156956 B CN104156956 B CN 104156956B CN 201410382235 A CN201410382235 A CN 201410382235A CN 104156956 B CN104156956 B CN 104156956B
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rim detection
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row
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CN104156956A (en
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刘苏
赵旭东
王秀春
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Institute of Biophysics of CAS
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of multicorner edge detection operator method recognized based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value, which comprises the following steps:Histogram analysis are carried out to pending image, the gray value of target and its background is obtained, assignment is carried out to the 18 kinds of template images for giving using the gray value for obtaining;Preset some groups of rim detection parameters, using default some groups of rim detection parameters respectively to assignment after 18 kinds of template images carry out rim detection, and find out and template image degree of approximation highest edge detection results, rim detection parameter used by the result will be obtained as optimized parameter, using the optimized parameter for obtaining, by making following process to pending image:Image segmentation, some one-dimensional vectors built, is made convolution algorithm and is taken absolute value, determining local maximum, gray value is assigned to local maximum and being replaced the pixel in original image in same position and binary conversion treatment is carried out to the edge of image after multiple stacking, obtaining the image after rim detection.

Description

A kind of multicorner edge detection operator method recognized based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of image processing method, especially with regard to a kind of based on many of Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value identification Angled edge detection method.
Background technology
Picture strip gives people the vivid thinking world of class one, is the important channel in the human knowledge world.It is present in image Mutation and discontinuously jiggly structure we term it edge.Edge often carries abundant image information.These sides Edge point constitutes contour of object, and these profiles be often researcher interested where, it embodies a concentrated reflection of the feature of goal in research, Have particularly important place mat effect to follow-up image segmentation, images match, target recognition, computer vision, thus how In real image, structural unstable edge is refined into constitutionally stable edge becomes the side that people for many years further investigate always To.In the research of decades, people continually introduce mathematical method and image border are extracted and is explained.By initial based on The Prewitt operators of gradient principle, Sobel operators wait until LoG operators and Canny operators, then to wavelet transformation, embody edge The depth and difficulty of test problems.
Multicorner edge detection operator method generally comprises template Operator Method and two-dimensional wavelet transformation mould based on gradient principle Maximum edge detection method.Template Operator Method based on gradient principle is carried out to two dimensional image using the gradient template of N*N Convolution.As template is generally square, and its size is 5 pixel *, 5 pixel to the maximum, so the gradient direction that template can be generated Up to 16, i.e., 0 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 °, 135 °, 150 °, 180 °, 210 °, 225 °, 240 °, 270 °, 300 °, 315 ° and 330 ° of directions.Classical two-dimensional wavelet transformation modulus maximum edge detection method can only seek ladder in the x-direction with y directions Sorting out further according to argument after degree carries out non-maxima suppression.Image border is entered hence with existing multicorner edge detection operator method The basic mode by rotation image and rotational coordinates of row detection is realized.But all can be to image when rotation image and rotational coordinates Interpolation arithmetic is carried out, the change of gradation of image information is caused, so as to enter to the edge of image after rotation image and rotational coordinates Cannot ensure the accuracy of image border during row identification, and also need to side after limb recognition is carried out according to the angle of rotation Edge image rotation returns original position, so causes again the change of edge image information.In addition, rotation image and rotational coordinates meeting Cause the change of picture size and produce image boundary problem, these problems can all increase image procossing difficulty.
The selection of edge detection threshold is to reach the efficient frontier for failing to detect to draw noise with mistake according to statistical decision The point for rising is classified as of marginal point and trades off.The method that existing threshold value is selected includes artificial selection's method and automatic threshold method.Manually Selection method is the simplest, can determine image border by eye-observation result, multiple interactive operation.But human eye sense in image The details for feeling insensitive is possible to be ignored.It is to be sentenced according to certain decision method threshold value automatically to automatically select threshold method Disconnected.It is applied to major applications environment, but finds suitable decision strategy and evaluate its effectiveness and have difficulties.With regard to side The selection of edge detection algorithm parameter there is presently no unified standard, substantially determine calculation as standard whether to meet application Method parameter.
Content of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind can solve list on the premise of image information is not changed The multicorner edge detection operator method recognized based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value of pixel multicorner edge detection operator problem.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes technical scheme below:A kind of based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value recognize Multicorner edge detection operator method, which comprises the following steps:1) histogram analysis are carried out to pending image, obtains target and its back of the body The 18 kinds of template images for giving are carried out assignment using the gray value for obtaining by the gray value of scape;2) some groups of rim detection are preset Parameter, using default some groups of rim detection parameters respectively to assignment after 18 kinds of template images carry out rim detection, and look for Go out and template image degree of approximation highest edge detection results, the rim detection parameter obtained used by the result is joined as optimum Number, which specifically includes following steps:(1) template image is split using the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row, by template Image segmentation is the image subblock of several m rows × mtan θ row, and wherein, θ is rim detection angle, θ ∈ [45 °, 90 °);(2) Some one-dimensional vectors are built along its diagonal in the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row;(3) some one-dimensional vectors that will be built First derivative f with Gaussian function respectivelyσT () makees convolution algorithm, and convolution algorithm result is taken absolute value;(4) determine convolution As a result the local maximum of absolute value;(5) local maximum to obtaining assigns gray value, and the side that will be generated according to pixel subscript Edge image pixel replaces the pixel in original image in same position;(6) some sides that different edge detection angles directions are obtained Edge image carries out gray scale superposition, according to the grey level histogram of image after multiple stacking, gray percentage highest gray value is made For binary-state threshold, binary conversion treatment is carried out to the edge of image after multiple stacking according to the binary-state threshold;(7) adopt The image border of generation is compared by Pratt rim detection quality factor methods with image border in template image, obtain with The template image edge degree of approximation one group of edge detection results of highest, and the rim detection used by the edge detection results will be obtained Parameter is used as optimized parameter;3) adopt step 2) optimized parameter that obtains, repeat step 2) in the step of (1)~step
(6) rim detection is carried out to pending image,.
The step 2) in, default rim detection parameter includes first derivative f of Gaussian functionσParameter σ of (t), one Dimension peak value maximum threshold alpha and binary-state threshold.
The step 2) in, one-dimensional vector is built to the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row, which includes:1. examined according to edge The span of measuring angle θ:θ ∈ [45 °, 90 °), provide three kinds of forms of the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ rowWith Q90°,And Q90°It is expressed as with pixel a respectively:
θ1Form for image subblockCorresponding rim detection angle,
θ2Form for image subblockCorresponding rim detection angle,
2. for the form of the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ rowAccording to following form
Form along image subblockDiagonal take some one-dimensional vectors X1、X2…XmAnd Y1…Ym-1,
Form for the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ rowAccording to following form
Form along image subblockDiagonal take some one-dimensional vector X '1、X'2…X'mWith Y '1…Y′m-1,
Form Q for the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row90°, one-dimensional vector X of structure "1、X″2…X″mFor:
3., after by image array transposition and upset, adopt and build with the image array sub-block corresponding to [45 °, 90 °] One-dimensional vector identical method, builds one-dimensional vector to the image array sub-block corresponding to [0 °, 45 °];By by image array After upset, one-dimensional vector identical method is built using with the image array sub-block corresponding to [45 °, 90 °], to [90 °, 135 °] Corresponding image array sub-block builds one-dimensional vector;After by image array transposition, using with corresponding to [45 °, 90 °] Image array sub-block builds one-dimensional vector identical method, the image array sub-block corresponding to [135 °, 180 °] is built one-dimensional Vector;Complete the structure of the one-dimensional vector to the image array sub-block corresponding to [0 °, 180 °].
The step 2) in, determine convolution algorithm result absolute value | fσ(t) * X | local maximum, which includes following step Suddenly:1. preset a maximum threshold alpha, α=(0,1);2. exist | fσ(t) * X | at first crest in waveform, before comparing successively The size of data afterwards, when data are switched to successively decrease interval by incremental interval, records knee value MAX | fσ(t)*X|;When crest is passed Subtract one data of interval presence and be less than α MAX | fσ(t) * X | when, then the crest is effectively and its maximum is MAX | fσ(t)*X|;If should Descending tops interval is not present less than α MAX | fσ(t) * X | value and proceed to the incremental interval of next crest, then the crest without Effect, continues the maximum for judging next crest;3. non-maximum is suppressed.
Due to taking above technical scheme, which has advantages below to the present invention:1st, the present invention is due to according to rim detection angle Degree [45 °, 90 °) tangent value, select the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row to split template image, by template image Be divided into the image subblock of several m rows × mtan θ row, then some one-dimensional vectors are built along the diagonal of the image subblock;With Based on 45 °~90 ° direction rim detection, by template image matrix is turned down and/or transposition after, realize to 0 °~ The structure of the one-dimensional vector of the image array sub-block corresponding to 180 °, so that reduce the angular range for building one-dimensional vector;Logical Crossing carries out convolution algorithm and right by the one-dimensional vector of the image array sub-block corresponding to 0 °~180 ° and Gaussian function first derivative Convolution results take absolute value, and make the angular range of edge direction detection expand to [0 °, 360 °] from [0 °, 180 °], therefore this Bright using this one-dimensional vector segmentation figure picture by the way of expand the scope of rim detection angle, it is possible to achieve in angular interval The rim detection of line number m of selected image subblock any one angle direction corresponding such that it is able to do not changing image information On the premise of solve the problems, such as single pixel multicorner edge detection operator.2nd, the present invention due to will build one-dimensional vector respectively with Gaussian function Several first derivatives makees convolution algorithm, and convolution algorithm result is taken absolute value, exhausted by finding each convolution algorithm result To the local maximum being worth, two dimensional image rim detection problem is made to be changed into one-dimensional waveform peakvalue's checking problem, therefore the present invention Image Edge-Detection difficulty can be reduced.3rd, the present invention is due to adopting default rim detection parameter to 18 kinds of given Prototype drawings As carrying out rim detection, by comparing the image border and image border in template of generation, the rim detection parameter of optimum is obtained, And rim detection is carried out to pending image using the optimum rim detection parameter, the edge for therefore being obtained using the present invention is examined Survey result more accurate.Above advantage is based on, the present invention is can be widely applied in Image Edge-Detection.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the multicorner edge detection operator method that the present invention is recognized based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value;
Fig. 2 is given 18 kind template image;Wherein, figure (a) is the template image of 9 kinds of step edges, and figure (b) is 9 kinds The template image at line edge;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that template image or pending image is split using image subblock;Wherein, " ... " table As the border of block, " " represents that the border of template image or pending image, θ represent rim detection angle to diagram, and 0 represents 0 pixel filling area;
Fig. 4 is to make convolution algorithm, take absolute value and peakvalue's checking effect diagram;
Fig. 5 is to determine the schematic diagram of the local maximum of convolution algorithm result absolute value;Wherein, figure (a) is Valid peak Schematic diagram, figure (b) is invalid crest schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that 18 kinds of template images compare schematic diagram with its edge detection results;Wherein, figure (a) is the mould of step edges Plate image compares schematic diagram with its edge detection results, schemes the template image that (b) is line edge and compares with its edge detection results Schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in figure 1, the present invention included based on the multicorner edge detection operator method that Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value is recognized following Step:
1) histogram analysis are carried out to pending image, obtains the gray value of target and its background, using the gray scale for obtaining Value carries out assignment to the 18 kinds of template images for giving, and which specifically includes:
(1) optionally piece image is used as pending image, and carries out histogram analysis to which, obtains mesh in pending image Mark and its gray value of background.
(2) as shown in Fig. 2 giving 18 kinds of template images.
(3) gray value obtained using step (1) is respectively to the target and its background in 18 kinds of template images in step (2) Carry out assignment.
2) some groups of rim detection parameters are preset:First derivative f of Gaussian functionσT parameter σ of (), one-dimensional peak value are very big Value threshold alpha and binary-state threshold, using default some groups of rim detection parameters respectively to assignment after 18 kinds of template images enter Row rim detection, and find out and template image degree of approximation highest edge detection results, the edge inspection used by the result will be obtained Parameter is surveyed as optimized parameter.
Only as a example by carrying out rim detection using one group of rim detection parameter to 18 kinds of template images, illustrate to find optimum ginseng Several processes, which specifically includes following steps:
(1) template image is split using image subblock;
As shown in figure 3, according to rim detection angle, θ ∈ [45 °, 90 °) tangent value, select the figure of m rows × mtan θ row Template image is split as sub-block and using the image subblock, template image is divided into several m rows × mtan θ row Image subblock.When template image can not be divided into the image subblock of integer m rows × mtan θ row, template image is expanded Exhibition, the expansion of template image are filled up with 0 pixel grey scale, enable template image to be divided into integer m rows × mtan θ The image subblock of row.
(2) diagonal along the image subblock in the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row builds some one-dimensional vectors;
Method due to building one-dimensional vector in each image subblock is identical, therefore only with wherein m rows × mtan θ row As a example by image subblock, construction method is illustrated, which specifically includes following steps:
1. according to the span of rim detection angle, θ:θ ∈ [45 °, 90 °), provide the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row Three kinds of formsAnd Q90°,And Q90°It is expressed as with pixel a respectively:
θ1Form for image subblockCorresponding rim detection angle,
θ2Form for image subblockCorresponding rim detection angle,
WithThe form one closed interval [θ of corresponding rim detection angle composition of two kinds of image subblocks12].Its angle Scope is:
In formula, m > 1.
2. for the form of the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ rowAccording to following form
Form along image subblockDiagonal take some one-dimensional vectors X1、X2…XmAnd Y1…Ym-1,
Form for the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ rowAccording to following form
Form along image subblockDiagonal take some one-dimensional vector X '1、X'2…X'mWith Y '1…Y′m-1,
Form Q for the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row90°, one-dimensional vector X of structure "1、X″2…X″mFor:
3., after by image array transposition and upset, adopt and build with the image array sub-block corresponding to [45 °, 90 °] One-dimensional vector identical method, builds one-dimensional vector to the image array sub-block corresponding to [0 °, 45 °].By by image array After upset, one-dimensional vector identical method is built using with the image array sub-block corresponding to [45 °, 90 °], to [90 °, 135 °] Corresponding image array sub-block builds one-dimensional vector.After by image array transposition, using with corresponding to [45 °, 90 °] Image array sub-block builds one-dimensional vector identical method, the image array sub-block corresponding to [135 °, 180 °] is built one-dimensional Vector.Above method is based on, and according to the method for one-dimensional vector being built to the image array sub-block corresponding to [45 °, 90 °], is realized Structure to the one-dimensional vector of the image array sub-block corresponding to [0 °, 180 °] such that it is able to which reduction builds the angle of one-dimensional vector Degree scope.
(3) as shown in figure 4, some one-dimensional vectors X that will be built1、X2…XmAnd Y1…Ym-1With Gaussian function one respectively Order derivative fσT () makees convolution algorithm, and convolution algorithm result is taken absolute value obtain:
|fσ(t)*X1|,|fσ(t)*X2|,…|fσ(t)*Xm| and | fσ(t)*Y1|,…|fσ(t)*Ym-1| (4) so as to Make in convolution algorithm result occur negative value be changed on the occasion of.
Make convolution and the computing for taking absolute value by some one-dimensional vectors to building, make rim detection angle from [0 °, 180 °] expand to [0 °, 360 °].Therefore at only need to be to the one-dimensional vector of the image array sub-block corresponding to [0 °, 180 °] Reason.
(4) by the absolute value of each convolution algorithm result of searching | fσ(t) * X | and | fσ(t) * Y | local maximum, Two dimensional image rim detection problem is made to be changed into one-dimensional waveform peakvalue's checking problem.Wherein, X=X1, X2..., Xm, Y=Y1, Y2..., Ym-1.
As shown in figure 5, determining the absolute value of convolution algorithm result using following methods | fσ(t) * X | local maximum, Which specifically includes following steps:
1. preset a maximum threshold alpha, α=(0,1).
2. exist | fσ(t) * X | at first crest in waveform, compare the size of before and after's data successively, when data are by being incremented by Interval switch to successively decrease interval when, record knee value MAX | fσ(t)*X|;There are data less than α MAX when descending tops is interval | fσ(t) * X | when, then the crest is effectively and its maximum is MAX | fσ(t)*X|;If the descending tops interval is not present less than α MAX |fσ(t) * X | value and proceed to the incremental interval of next crest, then the crest is invalid, continues to judge the very big of next crest Value.
3. non-maximum is suppressed.
(5) maximum for step (4) being obtained assigns gray value, and its value is:
According to pixel subscript, the edge image pixel for generating is replaced the pixel in original image in same position.
(6) some edge images that different edge detection angles directions obtain are carried out gray scale superposition.True edge position Can brighten because of the multiple stacking of pixel grey scale.According to the grey level histogram of image after multiple stacking, by gray percentage highest Gray value carries out binary conversion treatment according to the binary-state threshold to the edge of image after multiple stacking as binary-state threshold, raw Into image border final as shown in Figure 6.
(7) Pratt rim detection quality factor method is adopted by the image border for generating and image border in template image It is compared, obtains and the image border degree of approximation one group of edge detection results of highest in template image, and the side will be obtained Rim detection parameter used by edge testing result is used as optimized parameter.
3) adopt step 2) optimized parameter that obtains, repeat step 2) in the step of (1)~step (6), to pending Image carries out rim detection.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, the structure of wherein each part, connected mode and method and step etc. all Can be varied from, every equivalents carried out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement should not be excluded Outside protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value recognize multicorner edge detection operator method, which comprises the following steps:
1) histogram analysis are carried out to pending image, obtains the gray value of target and its background, using the gray value pair for obtaining 18 kinds of given template images carry out assignment;
2) preset some groups of rim detection parameters, using default some groups of rim detection parameters respectively to assignment after 18 kinds of moulds Plate image carries out rim detection, and finds out and template image degree of approximation highest edge detection results, will obtain used by the result Rim detection parameter as optimized parameter, which specifically includes following steps:
(1) template image is split using the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row, template image is divided into several m rows × mtan θ row image subblock, wherein, θ be rim detection angle, θ ∈ [45 °, 90 °);
(2) some one-dimensional vectors are built along its diagonal in the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row;
(3) first derivative f by some one-dimensional vectors for building respectively with Gaussian functionσT () makees convolution algorithm, and convolution is transported Calculate result to take absolute value;
(4) determine the local maximum of convolution results absolute value;
(5) local maximum to obtaining assigns gray value, and the edge image pixel for generating is replaced artwork according to pixel subscript Pixel as in same position;
(6) some edge images that different edge detection angles directions obtain are carried out gray scale superposition, is schemed according to after multiple stacking The grey level histogram of picture, using gray percentage highest gray value as binary-state threshold, according to the binary-state threshold to multiple After superposition, the edge of image carries out binary conversion treatment;
(7) image border of generation is carried out with image border in template image using Pratt rim detection quality factor methods Relatively, obtain and the template image edge degree of approximation one group of edge detection results of highest, and the edge detection results institute will be obtained Rim detection parameter is used as optimized parameter;
3) adopt step 2) optimized parameter that obtains, repeat step 2) in step (1)~step (6), pending image is entered Row rim detection.
2. a kind of multicorner edge detection operator method recognized based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value as claimed in claim 1, which is special Levy and be:The step 2) in, default rim detection parameter includes first derivative f of Gaussian functionσParameter σ of (t), one-dimensional Peak value maximum threshold alpha and binary-state threshold.
3. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 a kind of based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value recognize multicorner edge detection operator method, its It is characterised by:The step 2) in, one-dimensional vector is built to the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row, which includes:
1. according to the span of rim detection angle, θ:θ ∈ [45 °, 90 °), provide the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ row Three kinds of formsWithAnd Q90°It is expressed as with pixel a respectively:
θ1Form for image subblockCorresponding rim detection angle,
θ2Form for image subblockCorresponding rim detection angle,
2. for the form of the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ rowAccording to following form
Form along image subblockDiagonal take some one-dimensional vectors X1、X2…XmAnd Y1…Ym-1,
Form for the image subblock of m rows × mtan θ rowAccording to following form
Form along image subblockDiagonal take some one-dimensional vector X '1、X'2…X'mWith Y '1…Y′m-1,
Form Q for the image subblock of m rows × m tan θ row90°, one-dimensional vector X of structure "1、X″2…X″mFor:
3. after by image array transposition and upset, one-dimensional using building with the image array sub-block corresponding to [45 °, 90 °] Vectorial identical method, builds one-dimensional vector to the image array sub-block corresponding to [0 °, 45 °];By image array is overturn Afterwards, one-dimensional vector identical method is built using with the image array sub-block corresponding to [45 °, 90 °], right to [90 °, 135 °] institutes The image array sub-block that answers builds one-dimensional vector;After by image array transposition, adopt and the image corresponding to [45 °, 90 °] Matrix sub block builds one-dimensional vector identical method, builds one-dimensional vector to the image array sub-block corresponding to [135 °, 180 °]; Complete the structure of the one-dimensional vector to the image array sub-block corresponding to [0 °, 180 °].
4. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 a kind of based on Gauss wavelet one-dimensional peak value recognize multicorner edge detection operator method, its It is characterised by:The step 2) in, determine convolution algorithm result absolute value | fσ(t) * X | local maximum, which includes following Step:
1. preset a maximum threshold alpha, α=(0,1);
2. exist | fσ(t) * X | at first crest in waveform, compare the size of before and after's data successively, when data are by incremental interval Switch to successively decrease interval when, record knee value MAX | fσ(t)*X|;There are data less than α MAX when descending tops is interval | fσ(t)*X | when, then the crest is effectively and its maximum is MAX | fσ(t)*X|;If the descending tops interval is not present less than α MAX | fσ(t)* X | value and proceed to the incremental interval of next crest, then the crest is invalid, continues the maximum for judging next crest;
3. non-maximum is suppressed.
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