CN104132344B - The combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides and combustion method - Google Patents
The combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides and combustion method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides and combustion method, it includes: a L-shaped air lance, air lance wherein one section horizontally disposed, the end of the horizontal segment of air lance is nozzle exit, and the bending place of L-shaped pipe is provided with a horizontal branch pipe；One center exhaust gas nozzle, center exhaust gas nozzle is a straight tube, the parallel horizontal segment stretching into air lance after its traverse horizontal branch pipe, leaves annular space to form air duct between air lance and center exhaust gas nozzle；Center exhaust gas nozzle is connected by a seal nipple with horizontal branch pipe；One outer exhaust gas nozzle, the outside of the horizontal segment of air lance is put and be sealedly connected on to outer gas injection pipe box, and the side of exhaust gas nozzle is provided with a nozzle inlet outside, leaves annular space to form outer blast tube between outer exhaust gas nozzle and air lance；Outer exhaust gas nozzle, the horizontal segment of air lance and center exhaust gas nozzle three have coaxial relation, and the outlet of outer exhaust gas nozzle is concordant with the end face of the outlet of air lance；Flame holder is arranged on the port of export of center exhaust gas nozzle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of combustion gas combustion device and combustion method, especially with regard to combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus and the combustion method of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides.
Background technology
Current Global Issue of Air Pollution is on the rise, and acid rain, PM2.5 etc. become some metropolitan main Environmental Problems.Nitrogen oxides is one of PM2.5 main arch-criminal formed, and has a strong impact on life and the health of people.In China, nitrogen oxides reduces discharging and has become as important environmental improvement work.Along with tightening up of discharged nitrous oxides standard changes the implementation of the series of measures such as gas with Industrial Boiler coal, research and development are applicable to the novel low-NO_x combustion technology of combustion gas and more show important.Current industrial circle widely used tradition low-NO_x combustion technology mainly includes fractional combustion and flue gas recirculation, but is generally also only capable of the nitrogen oxides of minimizing 15%～40%.Comparatively speaking, flameless combustion (FlamelessCombustion) technology can reduce the discharged nitrous oxides of 70%, and ignition temperature is more evenly distributed, combustion stability is good, radiation efficiency is high, is considered as 21 century most for one of technology of development potentiality by world burning circle.This technology is applied at metallurgy industry, and the design of corresponding burner is also progressively improving, and has progressively broken away from necessary use high-temperature thermal storage body preheated air, or has needed some restrictive conditions such as catalyst.At present, how to optimize this technology further and improve a great problem that burner is designed to promote this technology to other field, significant for the discharged nitrous oxides reduced further in combustion process.
Application number be 201410019516.0 Chinese patent application propose " a kind of direct spray type gas flameless burner ", it have employed the form of direct injection and is fed separately in high temperature furnace to realize flameless combustion by combustion gas and air.Owing to being the mode of non-premix and not adding the parts such as stable flame pan or bluff body, therefore not enough in the traditional combustion flame holding of body of heater heating period, will result directly in heat time heating time long, efficiency is low.Application number is that 201410020218.3 Chinese patent application propose " a kind of diagonal flow type room temperature flameless burner ", and it adopts the jet pipe of diagonal flow type to send in stove by fuel, realizes flameless combustion with the high speed oxygen agent of center of orifices in stove.Its body of heater heating process have employed the form of premix/partly-premixed, and for the combustion gas quickly of the flame propagation velocity such as hydrogen or pipe gas, this design exists the possibility of tempering, can damage burner and swirl vane.
Generally speaking, the problem that the existing burner designed and developed based on flameless combustion technology exists three aspects: 1, the design of existing flameless burner is mostly non-premixed, laboratory test and existing commercial Application show, its discharged nitrous oxides is typically in 30～50ppm, not accomplishing in nitrogen oxides reduction of discharging " optimum " of flameless combustion technology, distance " zero discharged nitrous oxides " there is also room for improvement.2, the demand being designed without considering to meet different combustion gas for premix/non-premixed combustion mode of existing flameless burner.Generally, for the gas that the flame propagation velocities such as natural gas are slower, premixed can be adopted, and for the flame propagation velocity such as hydrogen, piped gas gas faster, non-premixed need to be adopted to avoid tempering.3, existing flameless burner design consideration in meeting burner hearth preheating is inadequate, or poor combustion stability, or preheating time is long etc..
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide and a kind of can realize flameless combustion for different combustion gas, and make the discharged nitrous oxides under premix non-premix smouldering state all reach the combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of extremely low nitrogen oxides and the combustion method of extremely low level.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: the combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides, it is characterized in that, it includes: an air lance, described air lance is a L-shaped pipe, described L-shaped bend pipe wherein one section horizontally disposed, the end of the horizontal segment of described air lance is nozzle exit, and the bending place of described L-shaped pipe is provided with a horizontal branch pipe；One center exhaust gas nozzle, described center exhaust gas nozzle is a straight tube, the parallel horizontal segment stretching into described air lance after its described horizontal branch pipe of traverse, leaves annular space to form air duct between described air lance and described center exhaust gas nozzle；Described center exhaust gas nozzle is connected by a seal nipple with described horizontal branch pipe；One outer exhaust gas nozzle, the outside of the horizontal segment of described air lance is put and be sealedly connected on to described outer gas injection pipe box, it is provided with a nozzle inlet in the side of described outer exhaust gas nozzle, leaves annular space between described outer exhaust gas nozzle and described air lance to form outer blast tube；Described outer exhaust gas nozzle, the horizontal segment of air lance and center exhaust gas nozzle three have coaxial relation, and the outlet of described outer exhaust gas nozzle is concordant with the end face of the outlet of described air lance；Described flame holder is arranged on the port of export of described center exhaust gas nozzle.
Described flame holder adopts with the stable flame pan of round nozzle, spiral-flow type flame holder or bluff body flame holder.
The internal diameter of described air lance is 1.1～1.7 times of the internal diameter of described center exhaust gas nozzle；1.02～1.2 times of the internal diameter that internal diameter is shown air lance of described outer exhaust gas nozzle.
The wall thickness of described air lance is less than 1.5mm.
Described air lance is that the wall thickness in segment welded structure and its exit is less than 1.5mm.
A kind of combustion gas flameless combustion process of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides, it comprises the following steps: 1) regulate the relative position of center exhaust gas nozzle and air lance, the port of export making center exhaust gas nozzle is concordant with the air lance port of export, body of heater is preheated by the gas opening high heating value as assisted gas, assisted gas arrives flame holder through center exhaust gas nozzle, and with air lance conveying gas meet, in stove burning formed flame；2) when body of heater is heated to wall surface temperature higher than assisted gas self-ignition point, the combustion gas in the exhaust gas nozzle of main dispatching centre is for aphlogistic main combustion gas；3) seal nipple is unclamped, it is moved rearwards by the center exhaust gas nozzle internal diameter to the air lance that distance is 2～8 times of the port of export distance air lance port of export of center exhaust gas nozzle, again seal nipple is tightened again, now meet in air lance with air through the main combustion gas of center exhaust gas nozzle ejection and mix, by strengthening main combustion gas and air velocity realizes the flameless combustion of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides.
The gas of described air lance conveying is air, or the oxygen that pure oxygen is after noble gas dilutes, or the mixing gas of air and noble gas；Described main combustion gas is natural gas, or methane, ethane, or the gas that methane, ethane are after noble gas dilutes.
A kind of combustion gas flameless combustion process of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides, it comprises the following steps: 1) regulate the relative position of center exhaust gas nozzle and air lance, the port of export making center exhaust gas nozzle is concordant with the air lance port of export, body of heater is preheated by the gas opening high heating value as assisted gas, assisted gas arrives flame holder through center exhaust gas nozzle, and with air lance conveying gas meet, in stove burning formed flame；2) when body of heater is heated to wall surface temperature higher than combustion gas self-ignition point, closing center's exhaust gas nozzle, open outer exhaust gas nozzle, combustion gas switches to aphlogistic main combustion gas；3) seal nipple is unclamped, it is moved rearwards by the center exhaust gas nozzle internal diameter to the air lance that distance is 2～8 times of the port of export distance air lance port of export of center exhaust gas nozzle, tighten seal nipple again, now main combustion gas and air meet in burner exit, for the combustion mode of non-premix, by strengthening combustion gas and air velocity realizes the flameless combustion of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides.
The gas of described air lance conveying is air, or the oxygen that pure oxygen is after noble gas dilutes, or the mixing gas of air and noble gas；Described main combustion gas is piped gas, or hydrogen, blast furnace gas, or the gas that hydrogen, blast furnace gas are after noble gas dilutes.
Due to the fact that and take above technical scheme, it has the advantage that 1, due to the fact that and be provided with one relative to air lance horizontally movable center exhaust gas nozzle, therefore the present invention can be made to change between traditional combustion pattern and premixed combustion mode by the position relationship between adjustment center exhaust gas nozzle and air lance, and then make the present invention that different combustion gas are all realized flameless combustion, and the discharged nitrous oxides under premix non-premix smouldering state can be made all to reach extremely low level (about 5ppm).2, the present invention is provided with a flame holder at the port of export of center exhaust gas nozzle, therefore, it is possible to improve combustion stability and safety.3, present configuration is simple, low cost of manufacture.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 be Fig. 1 along A-A to view；
Fig. 3 is present invention schematic diagram under premixed combustion mode.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention includes air lance 1, center exhaust gas nozzle 2, outer exhaust gas nozzle 3 and a flame holder 4.
Air lance 1 is a L-shaped pipe, L-shaped pipe wherein one section be arranged horizontally, the end of the horizontal segment of L-shaped pipe is nozzle exit, and the other end of L-shaped pipe is air intlet；A horizontal branch pipe 11 it is provided with in the bending place of L-shaped pipe.
Center exhaust gas nozzle 2 is a straight tube, the parallel horizontal segment stretching into air lance 1 after its traverse horizontal branch pipe 11, leaves annular space to form air duct between air lance 1 and center exhaust gas nozzle 2.Center exhaust gas nozzle 2 is connected by a seal nipple 5 with horizontal branch pipe 11, and seal nipple 5 has the effect sealed with fixed center exhaust gas nozzle 2.
Outer exhaust gas nozzle 3 is nested with and is sealedly connected on the outside of the horizontal segment of air lance 1, and the side of exhaust gas nozzle 3 is provided with a nozzle inlet outside, leaves annular space to form outer blast tube between outer exhaust gas nozzle 3 and air lance 1.Outer exhaust gas nozzle 3, the horizontal segment of air lance 1 and center exhaust gas nozzle 2 three have coaxial relation, and the outlet of outer exhaust gas nozzle 3 is concordant with the end face of the outlet of air lance 1.
Flame holder 4 is arranged on the port of export of center exhaust gas nozzle 2.
In a preferred embodiment, flame holder 4 adopts the stable flame pan (as shown in Figure 2) with round nozzle 6, spiral-flow type flame holder or bluff body flame holder.
In a preferred embodiment, centered by the internal diameter of air lance 1 1.1～1.7 times of the internal diameter of exhaust gas nozzle 2；1.02～1.2 times of the internal diameter that internal diameter is air lance 1 of outer exhaust gas nozzle 3.
In a preferred embodiment, the wall thickness of air lance 1 realizes the wall thickness in exit less than 1.5mm less than 1.5mm or air lance 1 with the form that segmentation is welded.Wall thickness (i.e. the wall thickness in air lance 1 exit) between outer exhaust gas nozzle 3 and air lance 1 is more thin, is more conducive to realizing under non-premixed the flameless combustion of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides.
The present invention in use, for combustion gas of different nature, can adopt diverse ways to realize the flameless combustion of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides in stove, and concrete combustion method is as follows:
One, for the combustion gas that the flame propagation velocity such as methane, natural gas is slower:
1) body of heater warm-up phase, as it is shown in figure 1, the port of export of the center exhaust gas nozzle 2 of the present invention is concordant with air lance 1 port of export, now the present invention is in traditional combustion pattern.Assisted gas used by preheating is the gas that the calorific values such as hydrogen are high, both can having accelerated warm, and can reduce again the heat in warm and dissipate, assisted gas arrives flame holder 4 through center exhaust gas nozzle 2, and meet with the gas carried through air lance 1, in stove, burning forms flame.Wherein, the gas of air lance 1 conveying can be air, or the oxygen that pure oxygen is after noble gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide or heat smoke) dilutes, or the mixing gas of air and noble gas.
2) when body of heater is heated, and wall surface temperature is higher than combustion gas self-ignition point, the combustion gas in center exhaust gas nozzle 2 switches to aphlogistic main combustion gas.Main combustion gas is natural gas, or methane, ethane, or the combustion gas that methane, ethane dilute through noble gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide or heat smoke).
3) unclamp seal nipple 5, Mobility Center exhaust gas nozzle 2 to premixed combustion mode state (as shown in Figure 3), more again tighten seal nipple 5.Now meet in air lance 1 with air through the main combustion gas of center exhaust gas nozzle 2 ejection and mix, by strengthening main combustion gas and air velocity realizes the flameless combustion of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides.Owing to being the flameless combustion of premixed form, now discharged nitrous oxides can to below 5ppm.When Mobility Center exhaust gas nozzle 2, the center exhaust gas nozzle 2 after mobile apart from the internal diameter of the air lance that distance is 2～8 times 2 of air lance 1 port of export, contributes to being sufficiently mixed of combustion gas and air.
Two, for the combustion gas faster of the flame propagation velocity such as hydrogen, piped gas:
1) body of heater warm-up phase, as it is shown in figure 1, the port of export of the center exhaust gas nozzle 2 of the present invention is concordant with air lance 1 port of export, now the present invention is in traditional combustion pattern.The gas that the calorific values such as the assisted gas employing hydrogen that preheating is used are high carries out body of heater preheating, both can accelerate warm, can reduce again the heat in warm and dissipate.Assisted gas arrives flame holder 4 through center exhaust gas nozzle 2 and meets with the gas through air lance 1 conveying, and in stove, burning forms flame.Wherein, the gas of air lance 1 conveying can be air, or the oxygen that pure oxygen is after noble gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide or heat smoke) dilutes, or the mixing gas of air and noble gas.
2) when body of heater is heated, and wall surface temperature is higher than combustion gas self-ignition point, closing center's exhaust gas nozzle 2, open outer exhaust gas nozzle 3, combustion gas switches to aphlogistic main combustion gas.Main combustion gas is piped gas, or hydrogen, blast furnace gas, or the combustion gas that hydrogen, blast furnace gas dilute through noble gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, heat smoke).
3) unclamp seal nipple 5, Mobility Center exhaust gas nozzle 2 to premixed combustion mode state (as shown in Figure 3), then tighten seal nipple 5.Now main combustion gas and air meet in burner exit, for the combustion mode of non-premix, by strengthening combustion gas and air velocity realizes the flameless combustion of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides.With the flameless burner of existing non-premixed form the difference is that, air of the present invention is close with the distance of combustion gas, having carried out quick mixing at burner outlet place, the flameless combustion with premixed is comparatively similar, and now discharged nitrous oxides can be down to about 5ppm.When Mobility Center exhaust gas nozzle 2, the center exhaust gas nozzle 2 after mobile apart from the internal diameter of the air lance that distance is 2～8 times 2 of air lance 1 port of export, contributes to being sufficiently mixed of combustion gas and air.
The design of the present invention is based on the principle that and finds through lot of experiments, and by the design of optimizing combustor, the aphlogistic discharged nitrous oxides of combustion gas can reduce further.The discharged nitrous oxides adopting the Flameless gas burner of premixed design can be down to below 5ppm.In the Flameless gas burner of existing non-premixed design, gas outlet is distant with air outlet slit, if gas outlet and air outlet slit are spaced closely together, then after realizing flameless combustion, discharged nitrous oxides also can be down to about 5ppm.
The present invention only illustrates with above-described embodiment; the structure of each parts, position and connecting is set all can be varied from; on the basis of technical solution of the present invention; all improvement individual part carried out according to the principle of the invention and equivalents, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus for extremely low discharged nitrous oxides, it includes:
One air lance, described air lance is a L-shaped pipe, described L-shaped pipe wherein one section horizontally disposed, the end of the horizontal segment of described air lance is nozzle exit；
One center exhaust gas nozzle, described center exhaust gas nozzle is a straight tube；
One outer exhaust gas nozzle, the outside of the horizontal segment of described air lance is put and be sealedly connected on to described outer gas injection pipe box, it is provided with a nozzle inlet in the side of described outer exhaust gas nozzle, leaves annular space between described outer exhaust gas nozzle and described air lance to form outer blast tube；And
One flame holder, described flame holder is arranged on the port of export of described center exhaust gas nozzle；
It is characterized in that, the bending place of described L-shaped pipe is provided with a horizontal branch pipe, the parallel horizontal segment stretching into described air lance after the exhaust gas nozzle described horizontal branch pipe of traverse of described center, leaves annular space to form air duct between described air lance and described center exhaust gas nozzle；Described center exhaust gas nozzle is connected by a seal nipple with described horizontal branch pipe；Described outer exhaust gas nozzle, the horizontal segment of air lance and center exhaust gas nozzle three have coaxial relation, and the outlet of described outer exhaust gas nozzle is concordant with the end face of the outlet of described air lance.
2. the combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described flame holder adopts with the stable flame pan of round nozzle, spiral-flow type flame holder or bluff body flame holder.
3. the combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the internal diameter of described air lance is 1.1～1.7 times of the internal diameter of described center exhaust gas nozzle；1.02～1.2 times of the internal diameter that internal diameter is shown air lance of described outer exhaust gas nozzle.
4. the combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the internal diameter of described air lance is 1.1～1.7 times of the internal diameter of described center exhaust gas nozzle；1.02～1.2 times of the internal diameter that internal diameter is shown air lance of described outer exhaust gas nozzle.
5. the combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterised in that the wall thickness of described air lance is less than 1.5mm.
6. the combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterised in that described air lance is that the wall thickness in segment welded structure and its exit is less than 1.5mm.
7., based on a combustion method for the combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides according to any one of such as claim 1 to 6, it comprises the following steps:
1) relative position of center exhaust gas nozzle and air lance is regulated, the port of export making center exhaust gas nozzle is concordant with the air lance port of export, body of heater is preheated by the gas opening high heating value as assisted gas, assisted gas arrives flame holder through center exhaust gas nozzle, and with air lance conveying gas meet, in stove burning formed flame；
2) when body of heater is heated to wall surface temperature higher than assisted gas self-ignition point, the combustion gas in the exhaust gas nozzle of main dispatching centre is for aphlogistic main combustion gas；
3) seal nipple is unclamped, it is moved rearwards by the center exhaust gas nozzle internal diameter to the air lance that distance is 2～8 times of the port of export distance air lance port of export of center exhaust gas nozzle, again seal nipple is tightened again, now meet in air lance with air through the main combustion gas of center exhaust gas nozzle ejection and mix, by strengthening main combustion gas and air velocity realizes the flameless combustion of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides.
8. the combustion gas flameless combustion process of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the gas of described air lance conveying is air, or the oxygen that pure oxygen is after noble gas dilutes, or the mixing gas of air and noble gas；Described main combustion gas is natural gas, or methane, ethane, or the gas that methane, ethane are after noble gas dilutes.
9., based on a combustion method for the combustion gas flameless combustion apparatus of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides according to any one of such as claim 1 to 6, it comprises the following steps:
1) relative position of center exhaust gas nozzle and air lance is regulated, the port of export making center exhaust gas nozzle is concordant with the air lance port of export, body of heater is preheated by the gas opening high heating value as assisted gas, assisted gas arrives flame holder through center exhaust gas nozzle, and with air lance conveying gas meet, in stove burning formed flame；
2) when body of heater is heated to wall surface temperature higher than combustion gas self-ignition point, closing center's exhaust gas nozzle, open outer exhaust gas nozzle, combustion gas switches to aphlogistic main combustion gas；
3) seal nipple is unclamped, it is moved rearwards by the center exhaust gas nozzle internal diameter to the air lance that distance is 2～8 times of the port of export distance air lance port of export of center exhaust gas nozzle, tighten seal nipple again, now main combustion gas and air meet in burner exit, for the combustion mode of non-premix, by strengthening combustion gas and air velocity realizes the flameless combustion of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides.
10. the combustion gas flameless combustion process of a kind of extremely low discharged nitrous oxides as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the gas of described air lance conveying is air, or the oxygen that pure oxygen is after noble gas dilutes, or the mixing gas of air and noble gas；Described main combustion gas is piped gas, or hydrogen, blast furnace gas, or the gas that hydrogen, blast furnace gas are after noble gas dilutes.
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| CN104990078B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-11-17 | 北京大学 | A kind of burner that can quickly realize flameless combustion |
| CN105546535B (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2018-03-09 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A kind of double working modes nozzle, nozzle array and burner |
| CN105737200B (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2019-04-30 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A kind of atomizer, nozzle array and burner |
| CN105910136B (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2018-09-04 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A kind of adjustable nozzles, nozzle array and burner |
| CN107143845A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-08 | 重庆富燃科技股份有限公司 | A kind of combustion gas or fuel oil and air or pure oxygen premixing combustion apparatus |
| CN110566956A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-13 | 康柏森热能科技(苏州)有限公司 | Combustion device with air inlet mode switching function |
| CN111520717B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2024-06-07 | 华侨大学 | Hierarchical low nitrogen gas burner based on whirl |
| CN117028989B (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2024-04-09 | 西安交通大学 | Hydrogen micro-mixed combustor based on wet oxygen and combustion method |
| CN117823946B (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-08-06 | 西安交通大学 | Hydrogen-rich or pure hydrogen flexible fuel combustion flame stabilizing spray head and combustor |
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