CN104096539A - Method for preparing macadamia nut shell adsorbent - Google Patents
Method for preparing macadamia nut shell adsorbent Download PDFInfo
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- CN104096539A CN104096539A CN201410318998.XA CN201410318998A CN104096539A CN 104096539 A CN104096539 A CN 104096539A CN 201410318998 A CN201410318998 A CN 201410318998A CN 104096539 A CN104096539 A CN 104096539A
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- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 235000003800 Macadamia tetraphylla Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 claims description 154
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 10
- 240000007575 Macadamia integrifolia Species 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002389 environmental scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000208473 Macadamia ternifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208465 Proteaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing an adsorbent by taking macadamia nut shells as raw materials, which includes the following steps: taking macadamia nut shells as a raw material, and obtaining the macadamia nut shell adsorbent through the procedures of cleaning, freeze drying, smashing, sieving, ultrasonic processing and boiling. Experimental results represent that the adsorbent prepared through adopting the method provided by the invention reaches the adsorption capacity of 200 mg/g to cationic dyes; the method is simple and reasonable in process and low in cost, the obtained adsorbent has the advantages of good chemical stabilization, high mechanical strength and possibility of regeneration, no secondary pollution to the environment during the manufacture and use, and can be applied to treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater, and is green and environmental-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The preparation method who the present invention relates to a kind of macadamia shell adsorbent, belongs to field of material preparation.
Background technology
Along with socioeconomic development, the continuous increase of all kinds of enterprises, the discharge of various industrial wastewaters also day by day increases, and industrial wastewater has caused serious impact, particularly dyeing waste water to human health and ecological environment.Dyeing waste water is that processing cotton, fiber crops, chemical fibre and blending product thereof are the waste water that main printing and dyeing mill discharges.In dyeing waste water, contain a large amount of organic matters, enter water body and can endanger water environment; Its waste water color and luster is dark, has a strong impact on water body outward appearance.The method of dye wastewater treatment using has flocculence, air lift method, oxidizing process, membrane separation process, electrolysis and absorption method etc. at present.Wherein absorption method is one of effective method comparatively.Because current conventional adsorbent is acticarbon, acticarbon advantages of good adsorption effect, but the problem such as it exists cost high, difficult for regeneration.
Queensland nut Latin literary fame; Macadamia ternifolia F.Muell.Another name: Queensland's chestnut, Australia English walnut, macadamia, belong to Proteaceae.In < < Chinese Plants will > >, the 24th volume Proteaceae Queensland nut is recorded in belonging to, and its arbor is high 5～15 meters.Leaf keratin, long 5～15 centimetres, wide 2～4.5 centimetres; Long 4～15 millimeters of petiole.Fruit is spherical, 2.5 centimetres of diameters, the short point of top tool, thick 2～3 millimeters of pericarp, cracking.Queensland nut originates in Australian Xin Nanweishi state and Queensland state.Main product is in states such as the U.S., South Africa, Australia, Kenya, Brazil.China introduced about 1910, was now distributed in the provinces and regions such as China Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hainan, Fujian.Among numerous nuts, the economic worth of Queensland nut is the highest, and the reputation of usually enjoying " king of dry fruit " claims, the cultivated area of Qi China is also in continuous increase, and output also constantly increases.
The document that at present macadamia shell is applied to water treatment is few, mainly concentrates on macadamia shell is prepared into active carbon and filtrate.The people such as Chen Ling are in Jilin agricultural, in " preparation of macadamia shell filtrate and the research of strainability " literary composition of delivering in 2011,05:134-137 periodical, by selecting, after pulverizing and ungrease treatment, obtain macadamia shell filtrate, for the treatment of swill, its treatment effect is fine.Liu Xiaofang Deng Ren Yunnan Institute for nationalities journal: natural science edition, 2012,21 (3): in " absorption property of macadamia shell active carbon to Cr (VI) " literary composition of delivering in 178-181 periodical, by phosphoric acid solution, soak, Muffle furnace activation, the macadamia shell active carbon that oven dry is pulverized, it has obvious adsorption effect to Cr (VI).Peaceful equality people is in chemistry of forest product and industry, 2006,26 (4): in " Study on Pyrolysis Characteristics prepared by macadamia shell active carbon " literary composition of delivering in 61-64 periodical, adopting 40% phosphoric acid is activator, utilize synchronous TG-DTA analyzer to inquire into the fuel factor of macadamia shell, thermal weight loss and pyrolysis mechanism, research finds that phosphoric acid solution has obvious catalyzing and carbonizing effect to macadamia shell, use phosphoric acid to soak macadamia shell as activator and prepare active carbon, its charing and activating mechanism are all feasible.The people such as Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern are at Minerals Engineering, " Adsorption of the aurocyanide, the Au (CN) that in 24 (2011): 1694 – 1702 periodicals, deliver
2 -complex on granular activated carbons derived from macadamia nut shells – A preliminary study " in a literary composition, studied macadamia shell active carbon through carbonization under nitrogen protection and CO 2 gas-shielded lower activation to Au (CN)
- 2adsorption effect.Research finds that Queensland nut active carbon is better to golden adsorption effect than cocoanut active charcoal.The people such as Osvaldo Pezoti Junior are at Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, " the Synthesis of ZnCl delivering in 105 (2014): 166 – 176 periodicals
2-activated carbon from macadamia nut endocarp (Macadamia integrifolia) by microwave-assisted pyrolysis:Optimization using RSM and methylene blue adsorption " in a literary composition, studied active carbon that the macadamia shell that soaks by zinc chloride the is prepared into adsorption effect to methylene blue.Research finds that its specific area is 600m
2/ g, also there are a lot of acidic-groups in its surface, and its adsorption capacity reaches 196mg/g.But there is complex manufacturing technology in it, regeneration difficulty, high in cost of production problem.The people such as Shi Liu are at hubei agricultural science, 2009,48 (11): in " cellulose and lignin constituent analysis in macadamia shell " literary composition of delivering in 2846-2848 periodical, research to macadamia shell shows, the cellulose of the main component of macadamia shell and sour insoluble lignin, wherein content of cellulose is 34.65%, and sour insoluble content of lignin is 39.75%, and moisture is 8.45%; Its lignin be take guaiacyl-syringyl lignin as main.
Above-mentioned paper and patent lay particular emphasis on research and macadamia shell is prepared into active carbon carrys out treatment of dyeing and printing, so directly macadamia shell is processed into a kind of powder sorbent, for the treatment of dyeing waste water, have theoretical and practical significance.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method that adopts macadamia shell to prepare adsorbent, the method is simply processed into a kind of powder sorbent macadamia shell, it is simple that the method has manufacture craft, the advantage that cost is low, the powder sorbent obtaining has advantages of that chemical stability is good, mechanical strength is high, easily regenerates and can not cause secondary pollution to environment.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technology used in the present invention means are:
Adopt macadamia shell to prepare a method for adsorbent, comprise the steps:
Step 1, pre-treatment step: by macadamia shell clean, freeze drying and pulverizing obtain standby macadamia shell powder;
Step 2, adds 100～200ml deionized water in a certain amount of macadamia shell powder, obtains solidliquid mixture, and above-mentioned solidliquid mixture is carried out to ultrasonic processing; After ultrasonic processing, heat, in heating process, in boiling thing, add boiling water; Stop heating, filter, with the product after deionized water cleaning and filtering, then drying and grinding can obtain required macadamia shell adsorbent.
Wherein, in step 1, described pre-treatment step is specially: macadamia shell is put into thermostat water bath, adopt in 25～45 ℃ of deionized waters and soak 5～8 days; Removal is attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in 25～45 ℃ of deionized waters and soak 5～8 days after the macadamia shell of having removed the remaining pulp in inner side is cleaned; Macadamia shell is placed in to-60～80 ℃ of freeze drier drying and dehydrating 20～24h, uses pulverizer to pulverize, cross 80～325 object sieves.
Wherein, in step 2, the addition of described macadamia shell powder is: in every gram of macadamia shell powder, add 100～200ml deionized water.
Wherein, in step 2, the power of described ultrasonic processing is 30～50W, and ultrasonic time is 20～40min.
Wherein, in step 2, after ultrasonic processing, solidliquid mixture is placed in and on electric furnace, boils 60～240min.
Wherein, in step 2, described baking temperature is 60 ℃～105 ℃.
Wherein, after pulverizer pulverizes and sieves, the particle diameter of macadamia shell powder is 0.18～0.045mm.
Beneficial effect: in prior art, by adopting the method for chemical reagent catalysis that macadamia shell is prepared into active carbon, there is complex manufacturing technology in its preparation technology, difficult for regeneration, high in cost of production problem, the present invention adopts macadamia shell to prepare in adsorbent process, do not need to add any chemicals, preparation technology is simple, cost is low, and manufacturing process can not produce secondary pollution to environment, and the adsorbent obtaining is under alkali condition, to the adsorption capacity of methylene blue, can reach 200mg/g, it is high that the adsorbent preparing has mechanical strength, chemical stability is good, easily in regeneration and use procedure, can not cause to environment the advantages such as secondary pollution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the macadamia shell adsorbent that embodiment 7 makes is subject to pH value to affect schematic diagram on methylene blue adsorption number effect;
Fig. 2 is that the macadamia shell adsorbent that embodiment 7 makes is subject to time effects schematic diagram to methylene blue adsorption number effect;
Fig. 3 is that the macadamia shell adsorbent that embodiment 7 makes is subject to initial soln concentration affects schematic diagram to methylene blue adsorption number effect;
Fig. 4 is the macadamia shell adsorbent ESEM phenogram (20000 times of multiplication factors) that embodiment 7 makes;
Fig. 5 is the ESEM phenogram (20000 times of multiplication factors) after the macadamia shell adsorbent Liquidity limit dyestuff methylene blue that makes of embodiment 7;
Fig. 6 is the macadamia shell adsorbent infrared spectrogram that embodiment 7 makes;
Fig. 7 is that the macadamia shell adsorbent that embodiment 7 makes adsorbs the infrared spectrogram after methylene blue dye.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, technical solution of the present invention is further explained and is illustrated.
Embodiment 1:
The macadamia shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 25 ℃ and soaks 8 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 25 ℃ and soak 8 days after cleaning.Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 24h in the freeze drier of-60 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize macadamia shell, cross 80～120 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain macadamia shell powder standby; The deionized water of 100ml is joined in the object macadamia shell powder of 1g80～120, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 30W, ultrasonic processing 40min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 120min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the macadamia shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 60 ℃, after grinding, obtain macadamia shell adsorbent finished product.
Embodiment 2:
The macadamia shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 45 ℃ and soaks 5 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 25 ℃ and soak 5 days after cleaning.Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 20h in the freeze drier of-80 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize macadamia shell, cross 120～200 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain macadamia shell powder standby; The deionized water of 150ml is joined in the object macadamia shell powder of 1g120～200, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 50W, ultrasonic processing 20min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 120min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the macadamia shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 60 ℃, after grinding, obtain macadamia shell adsorbent finished product.
Embodiment 3:
The macadamia shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soaks 7 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soak 7 days after cleaning.Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 22h in the freeze drier of-70 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize macadamia shell, cross 200～250 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain macadamia shell powder standby; The deionized water of 200ml is joined in the object macadamia shell powder of 1g200～250, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 40W, ultrasonic processing 30min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 120min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the macadamia shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 60 ℃, after grinding, obtain macadamia shell adsorbent finished product.
Embodiment 4:
The macadamia shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soaks 7 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soak 7 days after cleaning.Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 22h in the freeze drier of-70 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize macadamia shell, cross 250～300 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain macadamia shell powder standby; The deionized water of 200ml is joined in the object macadamia shell powder of 1g250～300, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 40W, ultrasonic processing 30min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 120min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the macadamia shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 60 ℃, after grinding, obtain macadamia shell adsorbent finished product.
Embodiment 5:
The macadamia shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soaks 7 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soak 7 days after cleaning.Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 22h in the freeze drier of-70 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize macadamia shell, cross 300～325 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain macadamia shell powder standby; The deionized water of 200ml is joined in the object macadamia shell powder of 1g300～325, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 40W, ultrasonic processing 30min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 120min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the macadamia shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 60 ℃, after grinding, obtain macadamia shell adsorbent finished product.
Embodiment 6:
The macadamia shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soaks 7 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soak 7 days after cleaning.Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 22h in the freeze drier of-70 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize macadamia shell, cross 200～250 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain macadamia shell powder standby; The deionized water of 200ml is joined in the object macadamia shell powder of 1g200～250, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 40W, ultrasonic processing 30min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 60min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the macadamia shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 60 ℃, after grinding, obtain macadamia shell adsorbent finished product.
Embodiment 7:
The macadamia shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soaks 7 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soak 7 days after cleaning; Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 22h in the freeze drier of-70 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize macadamia shell, cross 200～250 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain macadamia shell powder standby; The deionized water of 200ml is joined in the object macadamia shell powder of 1g200～250, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 40W, ultrasonic processing 30min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 180min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the macadamia shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 60 ℃, after grinding, obtain macadamia shell adsorbent finished product.
Embodiment 8:
The macadamia shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soaks 7 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soak 7 days after cleaning; Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 22h in the freeze drier of-70 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize macadamia shell, cross 200～250 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain macadamia shell powder standby; The deionized water of 200ml is joined in the object macadamia shell powder of 1g200～250, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 40W, ultrasonic processing 30min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 240min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the macadamia shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 60 ℃, after grinding, obtain macadamia shell adsorbent finished product.
Embodiment 9:
The macadamia shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soaks 7 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soak 7 days after cleaning; Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 22h in the freeze drier of-70 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize macadamia shell, cross 200～250 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain macadamia shell powder standby; The deionized water of 200ml is joined in the object macadamia shell powder of 1g200～250, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 40W, ultrasonic processing 30min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 180min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the macadamia shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 80 ℃, after grinding, obtain macadamia shell adsorbent finished product.
Embodiment 10:
The macadamia shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soaks 7 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soak 7 days after cleaning; Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 22h in the freeze drier of-70 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize macadamia shell, cross 200～250 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain macadamia shell powder standby; The deionized water of 200ml is joined in the object macadamia shell powder of 1g200～250, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 40W, ultrasonic processing 30min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 180min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the macadamia shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 105 ℃, after grinding, obtain macadamia shell adsorbent finished product.
In preparation method of the present invention, adopt ultrasonic processing method (physical treatment method) can effectively change the microstructure of macadamia shell adsorbent, get through the hole of adsorbent, and then increase the specific area of adsorbent, and then can effectively improve the adsorption effect of macadamia shell adsorbent; The time that heating is boiled is longer, remove the better effects if of shuck surface impurity, thereby the macadamia shell adsorbent adsorption effect obtaining is better.
Comparative example 1:
The happy shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soaks 7 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of happy shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soak 7 days after cleaning; Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 22h in the freeze drier of-70 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize happy shell, cross 200～250 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain happy shell powder standby; The deionized water of 200ml is joined in the happy shell powder of 1g200～250 object, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 40W, ultrasonic processing 30min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 180min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the happy shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 60 ℃, after grinding, obtain happy shell adsorbent finished product.
Comparative example 2:
The pine nut shell that recovery is obtained is put into thermostat water bath, adopts in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soaks 7 days, then uses pocket knife to scrape off to be attached to the remaining pulp of pine nut shell inner side, continues to be put in the deionized water of 35 ℃ and soak 7 days after cleaning; Finally be placed on drying and dehydrating 22h in the freeze drier of-70 ℃, and use pulverizer to pulverize pine nut shell, cross 200～250 objects sieves simultaneously, obtain pine nut shell powder standby; The deionized water of 200ml is joined in the object pine nut shell powder of 1g200～250, then adopting power is the Ultrasound Instrument of 40W, ultrasonic processing 30min, be placed on afterwards and on electric furnace, boil 180min, in its process, constantly add boiling water, then adopt washed with de-ionized water clean in the pine nut shell powder boiling, finally put it in baking oven and dry at 60 ℃, after grinding, obtain pine nut shell adsorbent finished product.
Adsorption experiment: the dye of positive ion that the present invention adopts is methylene blue.Take 0.025g macadamia shell adsorbent and add 50ml, in the methylene blue solution that concentration is 100mg/L.With being placed in the constant temperature oscillation case of 25 ℃, vibrate 12 hours, make it reach adsorption equilibrium.Finally adopt visible-ultraviolet specrophotometer to survey its absorbance, by methylene blue graticule its concentration that converts to obtain.According to (1) formula, calculate the adsorbance of macadamia shell adsorbent:
In formula, Q: macadamia shell adsorbent is to the adsorbance of methylene blue (mg/g); C
0: initial methylene blue concentration (mg/L); C
e: methylene blue concentration (mg/L) after absorption; V: containing methylene blue solution volume (ml); W: the quality (g) that adds macadamia shell adsorbent.
Utilize the methylene blue in the macadamia shell adsorbent Adsorption dyeing waste water solution of preparing in embodiment 1-10, the adsorption experiment condition of each embodiment is as follows:
The dosage of macadamia shell adsorbent is 0.5g/L, and methylene blue dye liquid waste concentration is 100mg/L, to adding in waste water after the macadamia shell adsorbent that embodiment 1～10 makes, is placed in 25 ℃ of constant temperature oscillators 12h that vibrates, and hunting speed is 180rpm.Upon adsorption reaching after balance, takes out solution, adopts the water system filter of 0.45 μ m to filter, according to formula (1)
obtain the adsorbance of macadamia shell adsorbent, in Table 1.
Utilize shuck adsorbent and the macadamia shell charcoal absorption in comparative example 1-2, prepared to remove the methylene blue in dyeing waste water solution, comparative example's adsorption experiment condition is as follows:
Shuck adsorbent or macadamia shell active carbon dosage are 0.5g/L, methylene blue dye liquid waste concentration is 100mg/L, at room temperature, pH is 11, in waste water, add shuck adsorbent or the macadamia shell active carbon that comparative example 1～2 makes, the 12h that vibrates in 25 ℃ of constant temperature oscillators, hunting speed is 180rpm.Upon adsorption reaching after balance, takes out solution, adopts the water system filter of 0.45 μ m to filter, according to formula (1)
obtain the adsorbance of shuck adsorbent, in Table 1.
Table 1:
To take the macadamia shell adsorbent of embodiment 7 to carry out the adsorption experiment situation to methylene blue dye under different condition as example below.
The impact of pH:
Take the macadamia shell sorbing material of 0.025g, being added to 50ml concentration 100mg/L is in methylene blue dye solution, adopts hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution to regulate pH, makes its pH scope between 1.7～12.Finally adopt the constant temperature oscillation case of 25 ℃, 180rpm vibration absorption 12h is set.As shown in Figure 1, macadamia shell adsorbent is subject to the impact of the initial pH of solution very large on the adsorption effect of methylene blue dye.Its adsorbance and clearance increase with the increase of pH value of solution.After pH is greater than 7, its adsorbance is all more than 135mg/g, and when pH is 11.38, its adsorbance is 200mg/g.
The impact of adsorption time:
Take the macadamia shell sorbing material of 0.025g, being added to 50ml concentration 100mg/L is in methylene blue dye solution.Adopt the constant temperature oscillation case of 25 ℃, 180rpm vibration absorption 0～750min is set.As shown in Figure 2, to the adsorbance of methylene blue dye and clearance, the increase with adsorption time increases macadamia shell sorbing material, and 0～50min rate of adsorption is very fast, and 50～120min rate of adsorption slows down, and substantially reaches adsorption equilibrium after 150min.
The impact of dyestuff initial concentration:
Take the macadamia shell sorbing material of 0.025g, being added to 50ml concentration 25～200mg/L is in methylene blue dye solution.Adopt the constant temperature oscillation case of 25 ℃, 180rpm vibration absorption 12h is set.As shown in Figure 3, to the adsorbance of methylene blue dye, the increase with dyestuff initial concentration increases macadamia shell sorbing material, and clearance reduces with the increase of dyestuff initial concentration, 25～50mg/L adsorbance changes slowly, 50～100mg/L adsorbance changes to be accelerated, and the variation of 100mg/L adsorbance remains unchanged substantially.
As can be seen from Figure 4 and Figure 5, in Fig. 4, macadamia shell adsorbent is with internal voids, and in having adsorbed the Fig. 5 after methylene blue, the surface of macadamia shell adsorbent is with adsorbate.
Above-mentioned embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the examples; other are any does not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a preparation method for macadamia shell adsorbent, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1, pre-treatment step: by macadamia shell clean, freeze drying and pulverizing obtain standby macadamia shell powder;
Step 2, adds 100～200ml deionized water in a certain amount of macadamia shell powder, obtains solidliquid mixture, and above-mentioned solidliquid mixture is carried out to ultrasonic processing; After ultrasonic processing, heat, in heating process, in boiling thing, add boiling water; Stop heating, filter, with the product after deionized water cleaning and filtering, then drying and grinding can obtain required macadamia shell adsorbent.
2. the preparation method of macadamia shell adsorbent according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 1, described pre-treatment step is specially: macadamia shell is put into thermostat water bath, adopt in 25～45 ℃ of deionized waters and soak 5～8 days; Removal is attached to the remaining pulp of macadamia shell inner side, continues to be put in 25～45 ℃ of deionized waters and soak 5～8 days after the macadamia shell of having removed the remaining pulp in inner side is cleaned; Macadamia shell is placed in to-60～80 ℃ of freeze drier drying and dehydrating 20～24h, uses pulverizer to pulverize, cross 80～325 object sieves.
3. the preparation method of macadamia shell adsorbent according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2, the addition of described macadamia shell powder is: in every gram of macadamia shell powder, add 100～200ml deionized water.
4. the preparation method of macadamia shell adsorbent according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2, the power of described ultrasonic processing is 30～50W, and ultrasonic time is 20～40min.
5. the preparation method of macadamia shell adsorbent according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2, after ultrasonic processing, solidliquid mixture is placed in and on electric furnace, boils 60～240min.
6. the preparation method of macadamia shell adsorbent according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2, described baking temperature is 60 ℃～105 ℃.
7. the preparation method of macadamia shell adsorbent according to claim 2, is characterized in that: after pulverizer pulverizes and sieves, the particle diameter of macadamia shell powder is 0.18～0.045mm.
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