CA2014366A1 - Method of determining the concentration ratio of two elements in a plasma from the intensity ratio of two spectral lines of these elements - Google Patents
Method of determining the concentration ratio of two elements in a plasma from the intensity ratio of two spectral lines of these elementsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2014366A1 CA2014366A1 CA002014366A CA2014366A CA2014366A1 CA 2014366 A1 CA2014366 A1 CA 2014366A1 CA 002014366 A CA002014366 A CA 002014366A CA 2014366 A CA2014366 A CA 2014366A CA 2014366 A1 CA2014366 A1 CA 2014366A1
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- Prior art keywords
- elements
- concentration ratio
- cab
- substance
- determining
- Prior art date
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- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000272470 Circus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000876472 Umma Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N theophylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/443—Emission spectrometry
- G01J2003/4435—Measuring ratio of two lines, e.g. internal standard
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/718—Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method for determining the concentration ration Cab of two elements a and b of an unknown substance from the intensity ratio Iab of two spectral lines of these elements in a plasma of this substance. In this method, in addition to the intensity ratio Iab, the intensity ratio Ic1,2 of two spectral lines 1 and 2 of a third element c, which may be the same as one of a or b, present in the substance, at different excitation energies E1 and E2 is determined and then the concentration ration Cab is determined according to Equation 1 (1) The constant k has been previously determined according to Equation 92) from a known concentration ratio C'ab of the elements a and b of a comparable known substance and from the associated intensity ratios I'c1,2 measured in the plasma spectrum, as follows:
A method for determining the concentration ration Cab of two elements a and b of an unknown substance from the intensity ratio Iab of two spectral lines of these elements in a plasma of this substance. In this method, in addition to the intensity ratio Iab, the intensity ratio Ic1,2 of two spectral lines 1 and 2 of a third element c, which may be the same as one of a or b, present in the substance, at different excitation energies E1 and E2 is determined and then the concentration ration Cab is determined according to Equation 1 (1) The constant k has been previously determined according to Equation 92) from a known concentration ratio C'ab of the elements a and b of a comparable known substance and from the associated intensity ratios I'c1,2 measured in the plasma spectrum, as follows:
Description
2 ~ 3`~ ~
SUMM~Y OF T~E RAC~GROUN~
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of determining the concentration ratio Cab of two elements a and b o~ a substance from the intensity ratio Iab of two spectral lines ~f these ele~ents in a plasma of the substance under consideration and from the ratio IC1,2 f ~he intensities of two lines 1 and 2 of an element c at different ~xcitation energies El and E2-~echnoloqy Review A prerequisite for obtaining a useful result in methodsof d~termining concentration ratios is identical measuring conditions for reference samples; i.e. particle and temperature distribution across plasmas co~pared must be essentially the same.
This can be approximately realized where the carrier plasma is not disturbed by the substances to be examined znd the generation of the plasma is independent of the type of sample.
EPO publication EP 0,176,625 A2, sorresponding to ~.S.
Patent No. 4,645,342, discloses a method w~ich tries to solve the problem mentioned above. This method is used to perfor~
a spectroscopic analysis of steel by consideration of the intensity ratio of two additional lines of an element.
SUMM~Y OF T~E RAC~GROUN~
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of determining the concentration ratio Cab of two elements a and b o~ a substance from the intensity ratio Iab of two spectral lines ~f these ele~ents in a plasma of the substance under consideration and from the ratio IC1,2 f ~he intensities of two lines 1 and 2 of an element c at different ~xcitation energies El and E2-~echnoloqy Review A prerequisite for obtaining a useful result in methodsof d~termining concentration ratios is identical measuring conditions for reference samples; i.e. particle and temperature distribution across plasmas co~pared must be essentially the same.
This can be approximately realized where the carrier plasma is not disturbed by the substances to be examined znd the generation of the plasma is independent of the type of sample.
EPO publication EP 0,176,625 A2, sorresponding to ~.S.
Patent No. 4,645,342, discloses a method w~ich tries to solve the problem mentioned above. This method is used to perfor~
a spectroscopic analysis of steel by consideration of the intensity ratio of two additional lines of an element.
3 ~ ~
According to this method, the measured values are recorded and processed further only if this intensity ratio of these two lines at a certain value. The plasma rsquired for implementation of this method $s induced by a pulsed laser whic~ charges t~e steel surface. In cas~ ~here ~ a deviation from the given Yalue, the measure~ent is not evaluated. Accordingly, fluctuations due to changes in excitation conditions can be compensated. ~owever, under certain circu~stances, this causes measured values to be lost or requires the measurement duration to be extended in order to obtain usable measured values.
EP~ publication Ep 0,184,590 Al, corresponding to U.S.
Patent No. 4,652,128, discloses a met~od in which a pulsed laser is used to continuously analyze a liquefied substance.
lS EP0 publication EP 0,293,983 discloses a method for analyzing metal particles with respect to their chemical composition. In this method, the area of the specimen to be examined is partially vaporized into a plasma by means oX a pulsed laser beam and a sort signal is obtained by comparing the intensity ratios of certain filtered-out spectral lines to settable threshold values. The concentration ratio is then derived in a conYentional manner from the changes in the intensity ratios.
2~3~ :3 DE 2,513,26~, corresponding to U.S. Patent No.
According to this method, the measured values are recorded and processed further only if this intensity ratio of these two lines at a certain value. The plasma rsquired for implementation of this method $s induced by a pulsed laser whic~ charges t~e steel surface. In cas~ ~here ~ a deviation from the given Yalue, the measure~ent is not evaluated. Accordingly, fluctuations due to changes in excitation conditions can be compensated. ~owever, under certain circu~stances, this causes measured values to be lost or requires the measurement duration to be extended in order to obtain usable measured values.
EP~ publication Ep 0,184,590 Al, corresponding to U.S.
Patent No. 4,652,128, discloses a met~od in which a pulsed laser is used to continuously analyze a liquefied substance.
lS EP0 publication EP 0,293,983 discloses a method for analyzing metal particles with respect to their chemical composition. In this method, the area of the specimen to be examined is partially vaporized into a plasma by means oX a pulsed laser beam and a sort signal is obtained by comparing the intensity ratios of certain filtered-out spectral lines to settable threshold values. The concentration ratio is then derived in a conYentional manner from the changes in the intensity ratios.
2~3~ :3 DE 2,513,26~, corresponding to U.S. Patent No.
4,074,936, discloses analyzing the spectral lines Df ~n ~lloy component tc, be tested by comparing the intensi~y of the spectral lines to existing spectral line for a given c~ncentration of the respective alloy component~. ~ere the intensity ratio gives a direct concentration determination, i.e. a measured value is indicated only if the composition of the alloy component to be examined deviates from a given desired value.
UMMA~Y OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a .method of the above-mentioned type in which the determination of the concentration ratio of an unknown substance can be performed on-line independently of reference samples and lS which also permits the evaluation of ~easured values under different plasma conditions.
This is acco~plished according to the present invention where, in the plasma of the substance to be analyzed, first, the intensity ratio Iab Of two ~pectral lines of the elements a and b at the excitation energies ~a and Eb are determined and, second, the intensity ratio IC1,2 f ~wo spectral lines l and 2 of an third element c present in the substance at diff~ering excitation energies E1 and E2 are measured.
- - . ., . . . . .. . .
2~3~
Then the concentrstion ratio C~b is determ.ined according to Equation 1:
cab ' ~ ' Iab (Ic1,2 E2 El (1) The constant ~ has previously bee!n calculated from a known concentration ratio C'ab of eleme!n~s a and b of a comparable known substance and its associate!d intensity ratios I'ab me~sured in the plasma spectrum for excitation energies Ea and Eb and the intensity ratio I'C1,2 Of lines 1 and 2 ~or excitation energies El and E2 in the known substance according to Equation 2, which is derived from ~quation 1:
C' E - Eb K = ab ~ 2 ~ El ~2) However, this equation applies only if the values Iab, IC1,2 and Cab lie in a value range in which, for a constant I'C1,2, I'ab is approximately proportional to C'ab and additionally, for a constant concentration ratio C'ab, the following - applies:
log (Ila b) = log [ K ~ - E E log (I~cl 2) (3) ... . . .
2 9 1 ~ 3 b ~
According to Equation 3, which is derived from Equation 2, with ~ constant concentration ratio C'ab, t~e logarithm of the intensity ratio I'ab is a linear function o~ the logarithm of the intensity ratio l'Cl,2. The constant X i8 then independent of the concentra'tion r~tio C'~.
- .
It i~ of particular advan~age if the constant K is determined for various intensity ratios I'ab and I'C1,2 by the linear regression method for a constant concentration ratio C'ab. In this case, plasmas of different averag~
p:Lasma temperature are generated for the same sample.
If the constant K i5 known, the determination of the concentration ratio Cab can be performed for an unknown substance independently of reference samples.
For example, it is possible to use reference samples of the substance for a determination of X in the laboratory.
With ~ known, the intensity ratios Iab, IC1,2 of the unknown substance can be determined directly at the ~easurin~
location. In this way, the desired concentration ratio Cab is obtainable Dn-line without reference samples. ~ccording to Equation 1, this concentration ratio is a linear function 2 ~ 3 ~ i) of the intensity ratio Iab at a certain ~ver~ge plasma temperature given by the ratio IC1,2-The substance to be analyzed may be solid, liquid orgaseous or a mixture of these agclregate states.
A~vantageously, the plasma is induced by a pulsed l~ser and the intensities Iab and Il,~ are measured directly following the laser pulse during the thermalization phase.
It is of particular advantage if the unknown substance is liquid, in the form of a melt, and the known substances, the reference samples, are available in solid form. For example, the concentration ratio Cab of the unknown substance can be determined from a melt and the constant K from solid samples. This method is therefore particularly favorable for metal alloys whose melt is being analyzed. Steel alloys are here again of special significance.
Particularly favorable results can be realized by the method if the excitation energies El and E2 f element c vary considerably one from the other. It is contemplated within the scope of the invention that element c may also be element a or b.
Solely in order to promote a better understandin~ of the invention, without in any way limiting the scope ~f the claims set foxth below, the subject matter of the invention 201d36~
will now be described in yreater detail with reference to an example .
Example The concentration ratio Ccr,Fe of chromium to iron is to be determined in a liquid steel ~;ample. In this case, Cr corresponds to element a, and elements b and c are identical, i.e. iron Because elements b and c are identical, only three lines need be observed, one chromium line and two iron lines (see Table I).
-Element Spectral Line Excitation Energy Wavelength (nm) ~cm-1) Cr 434.5 31,106 (Ea3 F~1 437.0 4?,453 (Eb = E1) Fe2 437.S 22,846 (E2) Table I: Wavelengths and excitation energies 9f the o~served spectral lines for chromium and iron E - ~
~or this example, the exponent E2 - ~1 q 2 is -0.66. To determine constant X, the dependence of the intensity ratios I'Cr,Fe upon the concentration ratios C'cr,Fe is determined experimentally for a known steel sample for different intensity ratios I'Fel,2. ~he results are straight lines as shown in Figure 1. A few measuring points 3 ~ o are shown in Figure 1 t~ giYe an example of their di~persion.
The zero coordinate point is the common measuring point. The curve for Ic1,2 - IFel,2 = 1.33 was measured from a liquid sample, the other two curves from solid samples.
With a fixed concentration raltio of chromium to iron, for example, C~r,Fe c 0,~3, ~he intensity ratio ICr~Fe i~
determined as a function of IF~ of Figure 1. According to Equation 2, the following then applies:
I Cr,Fe = 0 03 ~ Fel 2)-0.66 K
Table II qives three values for this calculation.
Figure 2 shows a lsg-to-log plot of Equation 4 according to Equation 3.
I'Cr,Fe I'Fel,2 152.20 0.81 1.85 1.33 1.40 1.74 Table II: Values ~rom Figure 1 for a determination of R
20with CCr,Fe 0~03 An evaluation of Figure 2 with the aid of linear regression results in X = 0.014.
_ g _ 2 ~
For th~s 6pecific case, Equatlon 1 then reads ~s ~ollows:
Ccr,Fe C 0.014 ICr,Fe ~ ~tFel,2) (5 After determination of three line intensities, the chromium line and the two iron l:ines, of an unknown melt, the values of ICr,Fe can be determinled from Equation 5.
The invention now being fully described, it will be apparent to one of ordinary sXill in the art that many changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit or SCOp2 of the invention as ~et forth herein.
UMMA~Y OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a .method of the above-mentioned type in which the determination of the concentration ratio of an unknown substance can be performed on-line independently of reference samples and lS which also permits the evaluation of ~easured values under different plasma conditions.
This is acco~plished according to the present invention where, in the plasma of the substance to be analyzed, first, the intensity ratio Iab Of two ~pectral lines of the elements a and b at the excitation energies ~a and Eb are determined and, second, the intensity ratio IC1,2 f ~wo spectral lines l and 2 of an third element c present in the substance at diff~ering excitation energies E1 and E2 are measured.
- - . ., . . . . .. . .
2~3~
Then the concentrstion ratio C~b is determ.ined according to Equation 1:
cab ' ~ ' Iab (Ic1,2 E2 El (1) The constant ~ has previously bee!n calculated from a known concentration ratio C'ab of eleme!n~s a and b of a comparable known substance and its associate!d intensity ratios I'ab me~sured in the plasma spectrum for excitation energies Ea and Eb and the intensity ratio I'C1,2 Of lines 1 and 2 ~or excitation energies El and E2 in the known substance according to Equation 2, which is derived from ~quation 1:
C' E - Eb K = ab ~ 2 ~ El ~2) However, this equation applies only if the values Iab, IC1,2 and Cab lie in a value range in which, for a constant I'C1,2, I'ab is approximately proportional to C'ab and additionally, for a constant concentration ratio C'ab, the following - applies:
log (Ila b) = log [ K ~ - E E log (I~cl 2) (3) ... . . .
2 9 1 ~ 3 b ~
According to Equation 3, which is derived from Equation 2, with ~ constant concentration ratio C'ab, t~e logarithm of the intensity ratio I'ab is a linear function o~ the logarithm of the intensity ratio l'Cl,2. The constant X i8 then independent of the concentra'tion r~tio C'~.
- .
It i~ of particular advan~age if the constant K is determined for various intensity ratios I'ab and I'C1,2 by the linear regression method for a constant concentration ratio C'ab. In this case, plasmas of different averag~
p:Lasma temperature are generated for the same sample.
If the constant K i5 known, the determination of the concentration ratio Cab can be performed for an unknown substance independently of reference samples.
For example, it is possible to use reference samples of the substance for a determination of X in the laboratory.
With ~ known, the intensity ratios Iab, IC1,2 of the unknown substance can be determined directly at the ~easurin~
location. In this way, the desired concentration ratio Cab is obtainable Dn-line without reference samples. ~ccording to Equation 1, this concentration ratio is a linear function 2 ~ 3 ~ i) of the intensity ratio Iab at a certain ~ver~ge plasma temperature given by the ratio IC1,2-The substance to be analyzed may be solid, liquid orgaseous or a mixture of these agclregate states.
A~vantageously, the plasma is induced by a pulsed l~ser and the intensities Iab and Il,~ are measured directly following the laser pulse during the thermalization phase.
It is of particular advantage if the unknown substance is liquid, in the form of a melt, and the known substances, the reference samples, are available in solid form. For example, the concentration ratio Cab of the unknown substance can be determined from a melt and the constant K from solid samples. This method is therefore particularly favorable for metal alloys whose melt is being analyzed. Steel alloys are here again of special significance.
Particularly favorable results can be realized by the method if the excitation energies El and E2 f element c vary considerably one from the other. It is contemplated within the scope of the invention that element c may also be element a or b.
Solely in order to promote a better understandin~ of the invention, without in any way limiting the scope ~f the claims set foxth below, the subject matter of the invention 201d36~
will now be described in yreater detail with reference to an example .
Example The concentration ratio Ccr,Fe of chromium to iron is to be determined in a liquid steel ~;ample. In this case, Cr corresponds to element a, and elements b and c are identical, i.e. iron Because elements b and c are identical, only three lines need be observed, one chromium line and two iron lines (see Table I).
-Element Spectral Line Excitation Energy Wavelength (nm) ~cm-1) Cr 434.5 31,106 (Ea3 F~1 437.0 4?,453 (Eb = E1) Fe2 437.S 22,846 (E2) Table I: Wavelengths and excitation energies 9f the o~served spectral lines for chromium and iron E - ~
~or this example, the exponent E2 - ~1 q 2 is -0.66. To determine constant X, the dependence of the intensity ratios I'Cr,Fe upon the concentration ratios C'cr,Fe is determined experimentally for a known steel sample for different intensity ratios I'Fel,2. ~he results are straight lines as shown in Figure 1. A few measuring points 3 ~ o are shown in Figure 1 t~ giYe an example of their di~persion.
The zero coordinate point is the common measuring point. The curve for Ic1,2 - IFel,2 = 1.33 was measured from a liquid sample, the other two curves from solid samples.
With a fixed concentration raltio of chromium to iron, for example, C~r,Fe c 0,~3, ~he intensity ratio ICr~Fe i~
determined as a function of IF~ of Figure 1. According to Equation 2, the following then applies:
I Cr,Fe = 0 03 ~ Fel 2)-0.66 K
Table II qives three values for this calculation.
Figure 2 shows a lsg-to-log plot of Equation 4 according to Equation 3.
I'Cr,Fe I'Fel,2 152.20 0.81 1.85 1.33 1.40 1.74 Table II: Values ~rom Figure 1 for a determination of R
20with CCr,Fe 0~03 An evaluation of Figure 2 with the aid of linear regression results in X = 0.014.
_ g _ 2 ~
For th~s 6pecific case, Equatlon 1 then reads ~s ~ollows:
Ccr,Fe C 0.014 ICr,Fe ~ ~tFel,2) (5 After determination of three line intensities, the chromium line and the two iron l:ines, of an unknown melt, the values of ICr,Fe can be determinled from Equation 5.
The invention now being fully described, it will be apparent to one of ordinary sXill in the art that many changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit or SCOp2 of the invention as ~et forth herein.
Claims (6)
1. A method of determining the concentration ratio Cab of two elements a and b of a unknown substance from the intensity ratio Iab of two spectral lines of these elements in a plasma of this substance comprising calculating Cab from formula (1) (1) where Ea and Eb are the respective excitation energies of the two spectral lines under consideration; IC1,2 is the intensity ratio of two spectral lines 1 and 2 of an element c in the same plasma at different excitation energies El and E2, and K is a constant determined from formula (2) (2) by measuring I'ab and I'Cl,2, where I'ab and I'C1,2 are the intensity ratios of a substance with a known concentration ratio C'ab, and the values Iab, IC1,2 and Cab lie in a value range in which, for a constant I'C1,2, I'ab is proportional in a good approximation to C'ab and, with a constant concentration ratio C'ab, the following applies:
(3)
(3)
2. A method of determining the concentration ratio Cab of two elements a and b as defined in claim 1, wherein the plasma is induced by a pulsed laser and the intensities Iab and IC1,2 are measured during the thermalization phase.
3. A method of determining the concentration ratio Cab of elements a and b as defined in claim 1, wherein the constant K is determined by linear regression with a constant concentration ratio C'ab from a plurality of intensity ratios I'ab and I'cl,2, from formula (3).
4. A method of determining the concentration ratio Cab of two elements a and b as defined in claim 1, wherein the known substance is liquid and the known substance is solid.
5. A method of determining the concentration ratio Cab of two elements a and b as defined in claim 1, wherein the known and unknown substances respectively are metal alloys.
6. A method of determining the concentration ratio Cab of two elements a and b as defined in claim 5, wherein the metal alloy is a steel alloy.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3911965A DE3911965A1 (en) | 1989-04-12 | 1989-04-12 | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION RATIO OF TWO ELEMENTS OF A SUBSTANCE FROM THE INTENSITY OF TWO SPECTRALLINES OF THESE ELEMENTS IN A PLASMA OF THIS FABRIC |
| DEP3911965.3 | 1989-04-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2014366A1 true CA2014366A1 (en) | 1990-10-12 |
Family
ID=6378491
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002014366A Abandoned CA2014366A1 (en) | 1989-04-12 | 1990-04-11 | Method of determining the concentration ratio of two elements in a plasma from the intensity ratio of two spectral lines of these elements |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0392337B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH02293649A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900016752A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE101271T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2014366A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3911965A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2048883T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI901797A0 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8164022B2 (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2012-04-24 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Optical sensor for quality monitoring of a welding process |
| US10024802B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2018-07-17 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and calibration |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0788063A (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1995-04-04 | Sharp Corp | Handle holding structure |
| DE4217454B4 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 2004-09-30 | Fuji Electric Corporate Research & Development Ltd., Yokosuka | CuInSe-2 thin film solar cell and process for its manufacture |
| FR2689976B1 (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1995-06-30 | Innovatique Sa | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING AND CONTROLLING THE COMPOSITION OF THE REACTIVE GAS MIXTURE USED DURING THERMOCHEMICAL TREATMENT UNDER RAREFIED ATMOSPHERE. |
| DE19505104A1 (en) * | 1995-02-15 | 1996-08-22 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Method and arrangement for determining the purity and / or pressure of gases for electric lamps |
| US5715053A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1998-02-03 | Loge; Gary W. | Method for determining the concentration of atomic species in gases and solids |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6186636A (en) * | 1984-10-05 | 1986-05-02 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Emission spectrochemical analysis method of steel using laser |
| EP0184590B1 (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1990-03-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Method of continuously analyzing fluidized body by laser |
| DE3718672A1 (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1988-12-15 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD FOR ANALYZING METAL PARTICLES |
-
1989
- 1989-04-12 DE DE3911965A patent/DE3911965A1/en active Granted
-
1990
- 1990-04-05 ES ES90106473T patent/ES2048883T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-05 EP EP90106473A patent/EP0392337B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-05 AT AT90106473T patent/ATE101271T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-06 KR KR1019900004700A patent/KR900016752A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-09 FI FI901797A patent/FI901797A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-11 CA CA002014366A patent/CA2014366A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-04-12 JP JP2095214A patent/JPH02293649A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8164022B2 (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2012-04-24 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Optical sensor for quality monitoring of a welding process |
| US10024802B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2018-07-17 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and calibration |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3911965A1 (en) | 1990-10-18 |
| EP0392337A3 (en) | 1991-01-09 |
| FI901797A0 (en) | 1990-04-09 |
| ES2048883T3 (en) | 1994-04-01 |
| JPH02293649A (en) | 1990-12-04 |
| EP0392337A2 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
| ATE101271T1 (en) | 1994-02-15 |
| KR900016752A (en) | 1990-11-14 |
| DE3911965C2 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
| EP0392337B1 (en) | 1994-02-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |