CA1219544A - Cooling attachment for solar distiller - Google Patents
Cooling attachment for solar distillerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1219544A CA1219544A CA000468434A CA468434A CA1219544A CA 1219544 A CA1219544 A CA 1219544A CA 000468434 A CA000468434 A CA 000468434A CA 468434 A CA468434 A CA 468434A CA 1219544 A CA1219544 A CA 1219544A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- enlargements
- combination
- flow path
- conduit
- common flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Landscapes
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The upwardly converging dome enclosing an evaporation chamber above a body of liquid is provided with an attachment for removal of vapor to enhance evaporation and condensation within the dome. Cooling conduits of the attachment conduct has and vapor from the upper apex of the dome through passages having vented enlargements from which regulated escape of gas and vapor occurs.
The upwardly converging dome enclosing an evaporation chamber above a body of liquid is provided with an attachment for removal of vapor to enhance evaporation and condensation within the dome. Cooling conduits of the attachment conduct has and vapor from the upper apex of the dome through passages having vented enlargements from which regulated escape of gas and vapor occurs.
Description
~;2195~L
The present application discloses an invention which relates to an attachment for a solar distiller and rAin catcher of the type disclosed in my prior U.S. patent No. 3,ô70,605, issued ~arch 11, 1975.
Apparatus of the type disclosed in my prior U.S. patent utilized heat obtained from solar radiation or other sources to effect evaporation of a body of water into a chamber internally of an upwardly converging dome removably secured to an open pot within which the body of water is stored.
The water vapor in the dome enclosed chamber condenses on the inner surface of the dome and is collected within a trough at the lower edge of the dome to not only supply distillate to a receiver vessel but to dehumidify the chamber by removal of the distillate in order to maintain the evaporation process continuous. The upper apex portion of the dome is closed by a removable plug to seal the chamber while the apparatus is in operation as a distiller and to permit the charging of the apparatus with water through the upper apex by insertion of a funnel as well as to enable use of the apparatus as a rain catcher by inverting the dome. ~uring use of the apparatus as a distiller, the rate of evaporation is rather low at times because of low temperature differentials and the low rate at which condensate is collected to dehumidify the evaporation chamber.
The removal of steam or water vapor through a conduit from the top of a dome-like container in a distilling apparatus is already well known as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 698,958 to Jester. The dome-like container or kettle disclosed in the Jester patent, does not, however, have internal condensate collecting means from which condensate is withdrawn independently of the top of the kettle and does not even suggest formation of condensate within the kettle.
U.S. patent ~o. 3,417,000 to Chaconas discloses a distilling apparatus wherein vapor condensing tubes are formed with spherical enlargements for the express purpose of increasing the heat transfer surface area of such conduits through which all of the vapor is conducted ,.' ~
`~
~L2~ 4 from the evaporation chamber. Such an arrangement in a distilling apparatus is substantially different from the type disclosed in my prior U.S. patent wherein primary condensation occurs within the dome enclosing the evaporation chamber directly above the body of liquid from which vapor evolves.
It is an important object of the present invention to improve operation of the apparatus disclosed in my prior U.S. patent aforementioned as a distiller, without adversely affecting its rain catching and water charging capabilities.
An additional object in accordance with the foregoing object is to enhance evaporation within the dome of the apparatus disclosed in my prior U.S. patent.
In accordance with the present invention, a cooling attachment is releasably secured to the upper apex portion of the dome associated with a distilling apparatus of the type disclosed in my prior U.S. patent aforementioned. The cooling attachment is operative to effect secondary condensation of water vapor and discharge it into the same condensate receiver into which condensate primarily collected within the dome is discharged. The cooling attachment includes two thermally non-conductive conduits connected to the upper apex of the dome for removal of the vapor.
The conduits include downwardly inclined portions having lower ends extending into the condensate receiver vessel and are formed with longitudinally spaced enlargements to promote condensation. Restricted gas venting outlets are formed in the enlargements to permit regulated escape of gas and vapor. The downward incline of the conduit portions is maintained by supports extending therefrom into engagement with the lower rim portion of the dome.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus in a distilling mode of operation with the cooling attachment of the present invention installed~
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus shown in Figure 1.
~LZ~195~L
Figure 3 i~ a side ~ectional view taken substantially through a plane indicated by section line 3-3 in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a partial sectional view taken substantially through a plane indicated by section line 4-4 in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially through a plane indicated by section line 5-5 in Figure 3.
Figure 6 is a section view taken substantially through a plane indicated by section line 6-6 in Figure 1.
Referring now to the drawings in detail, Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a distillation apparatus generally referred to by reference numeral 10. The apparatus 10 is of the type disclosed in my prior U.S. patent No. 3,870,605 in that it includes a pot or container generally referred to by reference numeral 12 seated within a base generally referred to by reference numeral 18. The pot 12 has an upwardly converging dome or cover 16 secured thereto from which a condensate or distillate is discharged into a condensate receiver vessel 54. The pot 12 has a bottom portion 13, as more clearly seen in Figure 3, supported by spacer legs 15 on a planar bottom portion 20 of the base 18.
The base has an upwardly diverging conical wall portion 24 which surrounds the pot 12 except for a gap 19. The receiver vessel 54 is supported within 20 the gap 19 on an extension 56 of the planar bottom portion 20 of the base.
Both the base 18 and the pot 12 are made of a heat conductive material such as cast iron with both the inner and outer surfaces of the pot having a heat absorbing property by being colored preferably black. The inner surface of the base 18 is also heat absorbing or black in color while the external surface is colored white 80 as to endow it with a heat reflective property. The ba~e rests on a suitable support 28 and is provided with an opening 22 through which heat is transmitted to the pot 12 from a suitable source, such as a burner 26 shown by dotted line in Figure 3. The dome 16 is made of a transparent material such as tempered glass and includes a cone portion 30 which extends between a lower rim portion 36 and an upper s~
apex neck portion 34. The upper end of the pot 12 forms an enlarged opening 14 which exposes a body of water 37 stored within the pot up to a maximum water level 39 as shown in Figure 3, closely spaced below a condensate collecting trough or gutter 38 on the lower rim portion 36 of the dome 16. The rim portion 36 of the dome is releasably secured to an annular flange 40 at the upper end of the pot 12 by means of a plurality of C-clamps 42.
As described in my prior patent aforementioned, the water 37 in its liquid state within the pot evaporates from its upper surface 39 as a result of heat applied thereto from either a burner 26 or by solar radiation entering the dome 16. The dome when secured in place as shown in Figures 1-3, encloses an evaporation chamber 44 above the body of water 37 while the internal surface 46 of its conical portion 30 forms a condensation surface from which water condensate flows downwardly under the urge of gravity into the condensate collecting trough 38. Extending radially outward from the trough 38 through the rim portion 36 of the dome in alignment w;th the gap 19, is a condensate outlet passage 58. The outlet passage will accordingly discharge condensate collected in the trough into the receiver vessel 54 through an opening 60 formed in a removable cover 62 on the receiver vessel. The receiver vessel is removably positioned on the extension 56 by means of the handles 64. Water may be charged into the pot 12 through the upper apex portion 34 by use of a funnel 66 shown by dotted line in figure 3.
~ s is well known in the art, a distilling apparatus of the foregoing type will be operative in response to heat supplied to the body of water 37 causing evaporation within chamber 44. Vapor evolving from the water is primarily condensed on surface 46 of the dome and the condensate removed : from the chamber 44 through outlet passage 58 to decrease the humidity in the evaporation chamber in order to sustain continued evaporation. In order to enhance evaporation in accordance with the present invention, any 9S~4 vapor reaching the upper apex portion 34 of the dome i8 removed by means of a cooling attachment generally referred to by reference numeral 68.
The evaporation chamber i8 thereby further dehumidified and the temperature therein i9 reduced.
The cooling attachment 68 includes an outlet connector 70 which is adapted to fit over the apex neck portion 3~ of the dome. The connector 70 iB held in sealing engagement with the apex portion 34 by means of a removable clamp 72. A pair of vapor outlet conduit portions 74 extend laterally from the connector 70 at a slight downward slope so as to conduct water vapor to the upper ends of downwardly inclined conduit portions 76 of the cooling attachment. The lower ends 78 of the portions 74 and 76 of the cooling conduits project into the receiver vessel 54 through openings in the cover 62. The lower end portions of the cooling conduits extend through an overflow trough 80 which also form a support arranged to contact the annular rim portion 36 of the dome when the cooling attachment is installed as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. The support thereby positively maintains the downward incline of the cooling conduit portions 76.
The cooling attachment is made of an insulative or thermally non-conductive material such as plastic or glass. In order to enhance cooling and condensation, the conduit portions 74 and 76 are respectively provided with longitudinally spaced enlargements 84 and 86. At the vertically uppermost points of the enlargements, restricted gas venting openings 88 and 90 are formed as more clearly seen in Figures 5 and 6.
The enlargements volumetrically extend the conduit portions in directions generally transverse to the flow path. Accordingly, any vapor descending through the conduit portions will undergo intermittent expansion to momentarily and abruptly accelerate the flow stream causing separation of relatively non-condensible gas and vapor phases of the flow stream that escapes through the vent openings 88 and 90. The vent openings may be adjusted in size by use of tape 91 with holes therein as shown in Figure 6.
~Z~95~4 As more clearly seen in Figures 3 and 4, the vapor outlet conduit portions 74 are connectecl to the outlet connector 70 by means of upwardly converging transition portions 92 between which an opening 94 i9 formed for receiving the stem of the funnel 66, aforementioned, in order to accommodate charging of the pot with water to be distilled.
It will be apparent from the foregoing description that the cooling : : action effected by attachment 68 arises from the removal of heat with the vapor and gas leaving the upper apex portion of the dome. Some of this heat escapes to atmosphere with the non-condensible gas and vapor trapped above the flow stream.under the vent openings 88 and 90. The volumetric expansion of the fluid passing through the enlarged portions 84 and 86 of the conduits will cause momentary acceleration of the flow stream to effect inertial separation of the non-condensible phases of the flow stream and thereby enhance secondary condensation of the more dense phases and as well as to regulate the escape of vapor and gas through the vent openings.
The present application discloses an invention which relates to an attachment for a solar distiller and rAin catcher of the type disclosed in my prior U.S. patent No. 3,ô70,605, issued ~arch 11, 1975.
Apparatus of the type disclosed in my prior U.S. patent utilized heat obtained from solar radiation or other sources to effect evaporation of a body of water into a chamber internally of an upwardly converging dome removably secured to an open pot within which the body of water is stored.
The water vapor in the dome enclosed chamber condenses on the inner surface of the dome and is collected within a trough at the lower edge of the dome to not only supply distillate to a receiver vessel but to dehumidify the chamber by removal of the distillate in order to maintain the evaporation process continuous. The upper apex portion of the dome is closed by a removable plug to seal the chamber while the apparatus is in operation as a distiller and to permit the charging of the apparatus with water through the upper apex by insertion of a funnel as well as to enable use of the apparatus as a rain catcher by inverting the dome. ~uring use of the apparatus as a distiller, the rate of evaporation is rather low at times because of low temperature differentials and the low rate at which condensate is collected to dehumidify the evaporation chamber.
The removal of steam or water vapor through a conduit from the top of a dome-like container in a distilling apparatus is already well known as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 698,958 to Jester. The dome-like container or kettle disclosed in the Jester patent, does not, however, have internal condensate collecting means from which condensate is withdrawn independently of the top of the kettle and does not even suggest formation of condensate within the kettle.
U.S. patent ~o. 3,417,000 to Chaconas discloses a distilling apparatus wherein vapor condensing tubes are formed with spherical enlargements for the express purpose of increasing the heat transfer surface area of such conduits through which all of the vapor is conducted ,.' ~
`~
~L2~ 4 from the evaporation chamber. Such an arrangement in a distilling apparatus is substantially different from the type disclosed in my prior U.S. patent wherein primary condensation occurs within the dome enclosing the evaporation chamber directly above the body of liquid from which vapor evolves.
It is an important object of the present invention to improve operation of the apparatus disclosed in my prior U.S. patent aforementioned as a distiller, without adversely affecting its rain catching and water charging capabilities.
An additional object in accordance with the foregoing object is to enhance evaporation within the dome of the apparatus disclosed in my prior U.S. patent.
In accordance with the present invention, a cooling attachment is releasably secured to the upper apex portion of the dome associated with a distilling apparatus of the type disclosed in my prior U.S. patent aforementioned. The cooling attachment is operative to effect secondary condensation of water vapor and discharge it into the same condensate receiver into which condensate primarily collected within the dome is discharged. The cooling attachment includes two thermally non-conductive conduits connected to the upper apex of the dome for removal of the vapor.
The conduits include downwardly inclined portions having lower ends extending into the condensate receiver vessel and are formed with longitudinally spaced enlargements to promote condensation. Restricted gas venting outlets are formed in the enlargements to permit regulated escape of gas and vapor. The downward incline of the conduit portions is maintained by supports extending therefrom into engagement with the lower rim portion of the dome.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus in a distilling mode of operation with the cooling attachment of the present invention installed~
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus shown in Figure 1.
~LZ~195~L
Figure 3 i~ a side ~ectional view taken substantially through a plane indicated by section line 3-3 in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a partial sectional view taken substantially through a plane indicated by section line 4-4 in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially through a plane indicated by section line 5-5 in Figure 3.
Figure 6 is a section view taken substantially through a plane indicated by section line 6-6 in Figure 1.
Referring now to the drawings in detail, Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a distillation apparatus generally referred to by reference numeral 10. The apparatus 10 is of the type disclosed in my prior U.S. patent No. 3,870,605 in that it includes a pot or container generally referred to by reference numeral 12 seated within a base generally referred to by reference numeral 18. The pot 12 has an upwardly converging dome or cover 16 secured thereto from which a condensate or distillate is discharged into a condensate receiver vessel 54. The pot 12 has a bottom portion 13, as more clearly seen in Figure 3, supported by spacer legs 15 on a planar bottom portion 20 of the base 18.
The base has an upwardly diverging conical wall portion 24 which surrounds the pot 12 except for a gap 19. The receiver vessel 54 is supported within 20 the gap 19 on an extension 56 of the planar bottom portion 20 of the base.
Both the base 18 and the pot 12 are made of a heat conductive material such as cast iron with both the inner and outer surfaces of the pot having a heat absorbing property by being colored preferably black. The inner surface of the base 18 is also heat absorbing or black in color while the external surface is colored white 80 as to endow it with a heat reflective property. The ba~e rests on a suitable support 28 and is provided with an opening 22 through which heat is transmitted to the pot 12 from a suitable source, such as a burner 26 shown by dotted line in Figure 3. The dome 16 is made of a transparent material such as tempered glass and includes a cone portion 30 which extends between a lower rim portion 36 and an upper s~
apex neck portion 34. The upper end of the pot 12 forms an enlarged opening 14 which exposes a body of water 37 stored within the pot up to a maximum water level 39 as shown in Figure 3, closely spaced below a condensate collecting trough or gutter 38 on the lower rim portion 36 of the dome 16. The rim portion 36 of the dome is releasably secured to an annular flange 40 at the upper end of the pot 12 by means of a plurality of C-clamps 42.
As described in my prior patent aforementioned, the water 37 in its liquid state within the pot evaporates from its upper surface 39 as a result of heat applied thereto from either a burner 26 or by solar radiation entering the dome 16. The dome when secured in place as shown in Figures 1-3, encloses an evaporation chamber 44 above the body of water 37 while the internal surface 46 of its conical portion 30 forms a condensation surface from which water condensate flows downwardly under the urge of gravity into the condensate collecting trough 38. Extending radially outward from the trough 38 through the rim portion 36 of the dome in alignment w;th the gap 19, is a condensate outlet passage 58. The outlet passage will accordingly discharge condensate collected in the trough into the receiver vessel 54 through an opening 60 formed in a removable cover 62 on the receiver vessel. The receiver vessel is removably positioned on the extension 56 by means of the handles 64. Water may be charged into the pot 12 through the upper apex portion 34 by use of a funnel 66 shown by dotted line in figure 3.
~ s is well known in the art, a distilling apparatus of the foregoing type will be operative in response to heat supplied to the body of water 37 causing evaporation within chamber 44. Vapor evolving from the water is primarily condensed on surface 46 of the dome and the condensate removed : from the chamber 44 through outlet passage 58 to decrease the humidity in the evaporation chamber in order to sustain continued evaporation. In order to enhance evaporation in accordance with the present invention, any 9S~4 vapor reaching the upper apex portion 34 of the dome i8 removed by means of a cooling attachment generally referred to by reference numeral 68.
The evaporation chamber i8 thereby further dehumidified and the temperature therein i9 reduced.
The cooling attachment 68 includes an outlet connector 70 which is adapted to fit over the apex neck portion 3~ of the dome. The connector 70 iB held in sealing engagement with the apex portion 34 by means of a removable clamp 72. A pair of vapor outlet conduit portions 74 extend laterally from the connector 70 at a slight downward slope so as to conduct water vapor to the upper ends of downwardly inclined conduit portions 76 of the cooling attachment. The lower ends 78 of the portions 74 and 76 of the cooling conduits project into the receiver vessel 54 through openings in the cover 62. The lower end portions of the cooling conduits extend through an overflow trough 80 which also form a support arranged to contact the annular rim portion 36 of the dome when the cooling attachment is installed as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. The support thereby positively maintains the downward incline of the cooling conduit portions 76.
The cooling attachment is made of an insulative or thermally non-conductive material such as plastic or glass. In order to enhance cooling and condensation, the conduit portions 74 and 76 are respectively provided with longitudinally spaced enlargements 84 and 86. At the vertically uppermost points of the enlargements, restricted gas venting openings 88 and 90 are formed as more clearly seen in Figures 5 and 6.
The enlargements volumetrically extend the conduit portions in directions generally transverse to the flow path. Accordingly, any vapor descending through the conduit portions will undergo intermittent expansion to momentarily and abruptly accelerate the flow stream causing separation of relatively non-condensible gas and vapor phases of the flow stream that escapes through the vent openings 88 and 90. The vent openings may be adjusted in size by use of tape 91 with holes therein as shown in Figure 6.
~Z~95~4 As more clearly seen in Figures 3 and 4, the vapor outlet conduit portions 74 are connectecl to the outlet connector 70 by means of upwardly converging transition portions 92 between which an opening 94 i9 formed for receiving the stem of the funnel 66, aforementioned, in order to accommodate charging of the pot with water to be distilled.
It will be apparent from the foregoing description that the cooling : : action effected by attachment 68 arises from the removal of heat with the vapor and gas leaving the upper apex portion of the dome. Some of this heat escapes to atmosphere with the non-condensible gas and vapor trapped above the flow stream.under the vent openings 88 and 90. The volumetric expansion of the fluid passing through the enlarged portions 84 and 86 of the conduits will cause momentary acceleration of the flow stream to effect inertial separation of the non-condensible phases of the flow stream and thereby enhance secondary condensation of the more dense phases and as well as to regulate the escape of vapor and gas through the vent openings.
Claims (9)
1. In combination with a distillation apparatus, means designed, sized and arranged for both increasing condensation capacity and regulating venting, including an elongated conduit through which a common flow path is established, means for attaching the conduit to the distillation apparatus, regulating means formed in the conduit at spaced locations along said flow path, and vent means spaced transversely of said common flow path for venting non-condensibles from the conduit at said spaced locations.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein said apparatus includes a heat conductive container storing a body of a liquid therein, an enclosure converging upwardly to an outlet and forming a chamber above the body of liquid therein into which the liquid evaporates and means for condensing vapor within said chamber, the conduit being connected to the outlet of the enclosure by the attaching means.
3. The combination as defined in claim 2 wherein said regulating means is constituted by transverse passage enlargements of the conduit means within which the vent means is located.
4. The combination as defined in claim 3 wherein each of said enlargements converges from a large diameter end portion in the direction of flow along said common flow path, the vent means including orifice openings formed in the large diameter end portions of the enlargements.
5. The combination as defined in claim 3 wherein the common flow path is substantially horizontal, said enlargements having peak portions vertically spaced above the common flow path at which the vent means is located.
6. The combination of claim 1 wherein the elongated conduit includes two series-connected sections disposed in obtuse angular relation to each other, one of said sections having a vapor inlet end and the other of the sections having a condensate outlet end, the vapor inlet end being connected by the attaching means to the distillation apparatus, each of said conduit sections conducting fluid between the inlet and outlet ends along said common flow path, the regulating means comprising spaced enlargements extending transversely of said common flow path within which sequential volumetric expansion and contraction of fluid occurs during flow, the vent means including vent openings in each of the enlargements through which non-condensibles may escape during said volumetric expansion.
7. The combination as defined in claim 6 wherein the enlargements associated with the other of the conduit sections are conical shaped, converging from a large diameter end portion in the direction of flow along said common flow path, the vent openings in the conical shaped enlargements being located at the large diameter end portions.
8. The combination as defined in claim 7 including adjustable orifice means for varying the size of said vent openings.
9. The combination as defined in claim 6 including adjustable orifice means for varying the size of said vent openings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000468434A CA1219544A (en) | 1984-11-22 | 1984-11-22 | Cooling attachment for solar distiller |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000468434A CA1219544A (en) | 1984-11-22 | 1984-11-22 | Cooling attachment for solar distiller |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1219544A true CA1219544A (en) | 1987-03-24 |
Family
ID=4129205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000468434A Expired CA1219544A (en) | 1984-11-22 | 1984-11-22 | Cooling attachment for solar distiller |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1219544A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110461432A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2019-11-15 | J·庞斯·塞姆利斯 | Liquid distillation device |
-
1984
- 1984-11-22 CA CA000468434A patent/CA1219544A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110461432A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2019-11-15 | J·庞斯·塞姆利斯 | Liquid distillation device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |