CA1126362A - Communication system for remote devices - Google Patents
Communication system for remote devicesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1126362A CA1126362A CA305,732A CA305732A CA1126362A CA 1126362 A CA1126362 A CA 1126362A CA 305732 A CA305732 A CA 305732A CA 1126362 A CA1126362 A CA 1126362A
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- data
- peripheral device
- clock
- storage means
- processor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
- G06F13/40—Bus structure
- G06F13/4004—Coupling between buses
- G06F13/4027—Coupling between buses using bus bridges
- G06F13/4045—Coupling between buses using bus bridges where the bus bridge performs an extender function
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Information Transfer Systems (AREA)
- Bus Control (AREA)
Abstract
Title of the Invention DISTRIBUTED FUNCTION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR REMOTE DEVICES
Abstract of the Disclosure To effect an accurate transmission of data between processing equipment and a plurality of peripheral devices, first and second interfaces are employed for reconstructing and transmitting the data over a communications link such as a conductor pair. The first interface termed a master terminal which is coupled to a common control module by way of a common control bus, receives instruction, address, and data informa-tion from the processor, and transmits a serial data code con-taining all this information to a plurality of second interfaces, termed slave terminals. Each slave terminal is coupled to a set of peripheral devices by a common bus and when a peripheral device recognizes its address being present in the code received from the master terminal, the slave terminal responds to complete the transaction with the master terminal and the addressed peripheral device.
Abstract of the Disclosure To effect an accurate transmission of data between processing equipment and a plurality of peripheral devices, first and second interfaces are employed for reconstructing and transmitting the data over a communications link such as a conductor pair. The first interface termed a master terminal which is coupled to a common control module by way of a common control bus, receives instruction, address, and data informa-tion from the processor, and transmits a serial data code con-taining all this information to a plurality of second interfaces, termed slave terminals. Each slave terminal is coupled to a set of peripheral devices by a common bus and when a peripheral device recognizes its address being present in the code received from the master terminal, the slave terminal responds to complete the transaction with the master terminal and the addressed peripheral device.
Description
112~3~2 Field of the Invention . _ ....... .
The present invention relates to a communication system, especially one designed for transmitting data over a common bus between t~e c~mmcn control processor of a data processing s~stem and a plurality of terminal devices which may be remotely located with respect to the processor.
Back~round of the Invention In present day data processing and transmission systems, it is common practice to assign a common control processor the task of processing data received from and to be transmitted to a plurality of terminal equipment disposed at a plurality of locations which may be remotely located with respect to the processor. Such terminal equipment typically includes keyboard devices, numeric displays, operator displays, printers, cash drawers, etc., as common equipment at point of sales termlnals.
Transactions carried out by such terminal equipment require the exchange of data between the remote equipment and the processor, with real-time data handling.
In systems employing a common bus for transmission oi serialized data, there has been a practical limit to the degree of remoteness or physical separation of the terminal equipment from the processor due to influences such as noise induced signal degradation, lack of drive, etc. Furthermore, co~fine-ment of all processing and memory to the processor not only makes data handling and processing entirely dependent upon the processor, but also reduces the speed at which transactions can be processed.
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Brief Summary of the Invention In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a distributed function communication system wherein data is transmLtted between a processor and a plurality of inter-mediate equipment tenminals, hereinafter referred to as master terminals. Each master terminal has the responsibility of con-trolling the exchange of data between the processor and plural remote terminals, hereinafter referred to as slave terminalc.
Data transmitted from the processor is retimed at the master terminals so that, to the slave terminals, it appears to have originated at the processor; namely, to the slave terminals, the master terminals which control their operation are transparent.
By compensatin~ for timing errors-resulting from data trans-mission, as well as providing drive, the master terminals enable data to be transmitted ov~r distances normally considered prohibitive.
Each master terminal is provided with memory and its own common control microprocessor module. In addition, at each master terninal there may be provided plural peripheral devices, like those at the slave terminals. Polling of the peripheral equipment from the processor is effected by using protected and non-protected addresses transmitted serially over the common bus. The protected addresses are used or system addresses and local peripheral device addresses at the master terminals, while non-protected addresses are reserved for peripheral devices at the remote slave terminals. Protocollogic is defined by the ti3~ J
control circuitry within each master terminal which is con-structed to inhibit data processing to ensure correct timing of the data. If the common control module (CCM) is ready for the next transaction, the control circuitry compares the current CCM state with the current data serialization logic state and either inhibits future processing by the CCM or times in the data to the CCM; serialization will also be permitted if commonality is allowed. The control circuitry also provides synchronization and includes registers to store the states of various parts of the logic. The memory within each master serves the master terminal itself and a plurality of peripheral devices located at the slave locations controlled by the master terminal, thus affording greater utilization of system memory, and taking advantage of common control coding. No memory is required at the slave terminals. The invention is further directed to a communications system for transmitting data between a data processor and a plruality of peripheral devices controlled by said processor comprising first interface means coupled over a first common bus to said processor and responsive to data trans-mission instructions including bus control signals and the addressof a prescribed peripheral device supplied over said first common bus from the processor for generating a data code in accordance with the received data transmission instruction and which identifies the address of the peripheral device and the type of transaction to be carried out between said processor and said addressed peripheral device, second interface means coupled over a second common bus to said plurality of peripheral devices addressable by said processor, a transmission line connected be-tween said first and second interface means, said first interface means includes a first storage means for storing the data trans-~2~GZ
mission instructions received from the processor over the firstcommon bus and for outputting the data code when enabled, first means for generating a transmission clock, first circuit means responsive to receiving said bus control signals for generating a control signal, first means coupled to said first clock gener-ating means and said first circuit means for transmitting the data code at said transmission clock rate from said first storage : means to said second interface means over said transmission line in response to the generation of said first control signal, said second interface means includes means coupled to said trans-mission line for reconstructing said transmission clock from the transmitted data code, second storage means coupled to said transmission line and said second common bus for storing the data code received from said first interface means, second circuit means coupled to said second storage means and said second common bus for reconstructing from said transmitted data said bus control signals, and third circuit means coupled to said second storage means and said clock reconstructing means for enabling said second storage means to output to the addressed peripheral device over said common bus said data code wherein the first and second interface means are transparent to the addressed peripheral device.
Brief Description of the Drawinqs . _ Figure 1 is a general system diagram of a distributed terminal communication system;
Figure 2 is a basic block diagram of the constituent components of a master terminal of the system of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a basic block diagram of the constituent components of a slave terminal of the system of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the master terminal bus adapter of Figure 2;
Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of the slave terminal bus adapter of Figure 3;
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Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the modulator-driver circuitry used by the master and slave bus adapters of Flgures 4 and 5, respectively;
Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the receiver-demodulator circuitry used by the master and slave bus adapters of Figures 4 and 5, respectively;
Figures 8A, 8B and 8C, taken toge~her, are a schematic diagram of the control circuit of the master bus adapter of Figure 4; and Figures 9A and 9B, taken together, are a schematic diagram of the control circuit of the slave bus adapter of Figure 5.
Detailed Description The basic system configuration of the master-slave distributed function communication system is illustrated in Figure 1. The general data processing equipment includes the usual host computer 107 connected by way of communicatlon lines 106 to a store controller 104. Disposed at a plurality of loca-tions remote from the computer 107 are perlpheral devicest such as keyboard input devices, displays, etc., shown in Figure 3, which require data transmission between themselves and data processing equipment. In accordance with the present invention, between the data processing equipment and the peripheral devices there are provided a master terminal 101, a plurality of associ-ated slave terminals 102, and a master-slave communication link 103, For purposes of simplification, Figure 1 depicts only a s~ngle master terlTinal 101 linked to three slave terminals 102.
Suffice it to say that more or less than three slave terminals 102 may be associated wlth a single master terminal 101 via M/S
link 103 and the number of master tenninals 101 which communiaate with the store controller 104 by communication lines 105 will likewise vary according to the overall size of the system and the amount of peripheral equipment to be serviced by the data processing equipment.
As is shown in Figure 2, each master terminal 101 con-10 sists of its own memory 202 which includes conventional ROM and RAM structure and a common control module (CCM) 201 connected with each other and with other components of the terminal over a common control bus 211. The master terminal may include its awn peripheral devices such as a keyboard 207, numeric display 206, operator display 205, printer 204, and a miscellaneous control device 203, such as a cash drawer. Data transmission with the computer 107 is effected through a communication adpater 209, whereas data transmission between the master 101 and slave 102 terminals takes place by way of a master bus adapter 208, the 20 details of which will be described below. Power for these com-ponents is supplied over power bus 212 from pc~wer supply 210.
Such master terminal peripheral devices are conventional, employ-ing a data register, status register, and an output buffer. The common control module 201 contains a microprocessor, such as an Intel 8080 microprocessor. Since those skilled in the art are famlliar with the construction and operation of various types of ~ 6 ~
common bus communication adapters and peripheral equipment, a detailed description of the same will be omitted; this equipment will only be brlefly referred to herelnafter where necessary to facilitate the description of the c~nunlcation system of the invention. Of course, details of the structure and operation of the master bus adapter 208, which controls data communication with the associated slave terminals 102, will be described below in connection with Figures 4 and 6 through 8.
Referring now to Figure 3, each slave terminal 102 consists of a slave bus adapter 301 which communicates with an associated master bus adapter (such as adapter 208 in Figure 2) over a communications link such as a lOOn twisted pair line 103.
Within each slave terminal there are a plurality of remote (in the sense of the processor) peripheral devices such as a key-board 302, numeric display 303, operator display 304, printer 305, and a miscellaneous control device 306 (such as a cash drawer). Such peripheral devices are connected with the slave bus adapter 301 by way of common control bus 308. Power supply 307 supplies power for the components of the slave tenmlnal over power bus 309. As was described above with respect to the description of the general layout of a master terminal 101, the various peripheral components of the slave terminal 102, per se, do not form the sub~ect of the invention, and ~hls equipment will be briefly described only as necessary for completing the description of the communication system.
The basic circuitry of the respectiYe master terminal llZti;~
and slave terminal bus adapters 208 and 301 is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. Each adapter includes serial data modulation and driver circuitry for transmission to the receiver/demodula-tor of the bus adapter to which it is connected.
The master ~erminal bus adapter 208 contains a modulator-driver 402, a transmission clock 403, a receiver/
demodulator 404, and a control circuit 401. The control circuit (the detalls of which will be described below with reference to Figure 8) includes parallel/serial converter circuitry as well as protocol/control logic for interfacing data between the common control bus and the transmission lines to associated slaves. The control circuit 401 serializes the datato be transmitted to its associated slave terminals and controls the operation of the data modulator and driver 402 by a transmit enable signal XMIT ENAB. The data is clocked out at the trans-mission rate generated by transmission clock 403.
The modulator driver 402, illustrated in Figure 6, carries out Manchester coding and includes an exclusive-OR gate 601 which receives the serial data and the clock signal. The output of the exclusive-OR gate 601 is connected to one input of gate 602 and, through an inverter 603, to one input of gate 604. Gates 602 and 604 are enabled by the XMIT ENAB signal from the master control circuit 401, thereby enabling the serial data to be supplied to driver amplifier 605 and clocked out over a 100n twisted pair line to the receiver/demodulation circuitry of the slave bus adapter 301.
~Z6~62 When data is received from a slave bus adapter in response to a read instruction, the received signals are demod-ulated by receiver/demodulator 404, the details of which will now be described with reference to Figure 7. The serial data clocked out from the bus adapter 301 at a slave terminal is supplied to a threshold detector 701 which, in turn, controls a flip-flop 702. One output of the flip-flop is coup~ed through an inuerter 703 to a double-edge differentiator 704. The output of the inverter 703 is the received data and is supplied over line RX DATA to master control circuit 401. The received clock is generated by delaying the double-differentiated data signal through one-shot 705 and is coupled to control circuit ~01 via line RX CLK.
Like the master terminal bus adapter 208, the slave terminal bus adapter 301 (Fig. 5) includes a modulator-driver 502, a receiver-demodulator 501, and a transmission clock 503.
These components are structurally and operationally the same as those in the master terminal bus adapter so that the expla-nation given above for Figures 6 and 7 is applicable for compo-nents 501-503 in Figure 5. The slave bus adapter 301 also includes a control circuit 504 (the details of which will be described below with reference to Figure 9) for controlling the transmission of data from a peripheral device in response to a read request from the master terminal 101 and the writing of data into an addressed peripheral device.
The control circuits of the master terminal bus ~ ~ Z 6 ~6 ~
adapter and slave terminal bus adapter 301 are shown in detail in Figures 8 and 9, respectively. Included in these circuits are arrangements of combinational logic and parallel-serial/
serial parallel register circuitry for effectlng the transmission of data between the central processor 107 and a slave terminal peripheral device 302-306 under the control of the master terminal 101. To simplify an understanding of the structure and operation of not only these circuits, per se, but the over-all master-slave communication system of the invention, a description of the respective data transmissions which are implemented by the inventive system, under the control of the circuits of Figures 8 and 9, will be presented.
There are three basic types of commun~cation transac-tions which can take place between the data processor (be it the host computer 107 or the common control module 201 of the master terminal 101) and a piece of peripheral equipment. One is a "write" transaction whereby a peripheral device is addressed and data from the processor is transmitted to and written into the peripheral device. Another is a "read" transaction whereby a peripheral device is addressed and data contained within the device is transmitted from the peripheral device to the process-or~ Still another is a "reset" transaction which occurs on power up and power down to initialize the processor and peripheral equipment so as to prevent transient noise ~rom p~wer up/down cycles from entering the peripheral devices and memory.
Except for reset) these transactions will be described on an 1126~2 individual basis in accordance with the operations carried out by each of the master control circuits of Figure 8 and the slave control circuit of Figure 9, respectively.
Master Control Circuit ~FiRure 8) Data Format The master terminal 101 transmits a word to a slave terminal 102 whenever an input/output (read or write) instruc-tion is received from the processor 107 and the address designated corresponds to a non-protected address of the master terminal. As was described above, data is transmitted in serial format, so that from the master terminal there will be transmitted a series of bits which include, as part of the transmitted code, a field of address information specifying a particular slave terminal with which a transaction is to occur.
For purposes of illustration, a maximum code length of twenty bits is assumed1 having a pair of sync bits (Sl, S2), a reset false bit (RF), a read/write not bit (R/W), an eight bit address field (A7-A0), and an eight bit data field ~D7-D0).
A twenty bit data format is transmitted by a master terminal for a write transaction or for a continuous reset transmission, and is coded as follows:
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h U~
E~ ,1 u ~ cq .,., ~a ~O ~
~ 3 J, o td ~, ~ a ~; ~; ~r; 3 ~ ~ Z ~ ~ 2 The control field of the twenty bit code consists of the reset false bit (RF) and the read/write not bit (R/W). During a "write"
transaction, the reset bit is a "1", while the read/write not bit is a "0". D~ring a read transaction, since no data is sent to a slave terminal 102, the data bits are dropped, so that a twelve bit code will be transmitted from the master terminal 101. The reset false bit is again a "1", while the read/write not bit is a "1".
To create the respective read and write codes to be transmitted from the master terminal, the control circuit shown in Figure 8 includes a parallel-serial/serial-parallel register Rl and a set of associated combinational logic. The register Rl is comprised of conventional cascaded registers, the stages of which are connected to accept a maximum of tweDty parallel input bits Sl through Do and to clock out these bits in serial format;
similarly, the register Rl will receive a serial input data stream and selected stages, i.e. the data bit stages for D7 through Do have their outputs connected to data line d~ivers DDl, from which parallel output data bits are obtained in re-sponse to the receipt of a serial data stream read out from aslave bus adapter 301. The address bits A7 through Ao and the data bits D7 through Do are coupled to respective parallel lines of a portable bus connector PTB as part of the common control bus for coupling the bits with the microprocessor of the common control module 201 (Figure 2).
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Read Transaction In the process of effecting a data exchange between a peripheral device and the processor 107, an initial examination is made to determine whether or not the peripheral device is capable of accepting information. Thus, before data can be written into a peripheral device, its status register is read to determine if the device can receive another word, and if it can, a write transaction will then proceed. Referring to Figure 8 (made up of 8A, 8B and 8C), on the common control bus from ~e common control module (CCM) a "1" will be received at the R/W input to gate G6 and the RESET input to gate G7 will also be a "1" (Fig. 8A). Thus 9 the RF and R/W inputs to register Rl are both "1", the sync bits are strapped to "0" and "1"
respectively, and the address of the peripheral to be read is supplied over bit lines A7 through Ao. There are no data blts since the transaction is not a "write" transaction.
Transmit Mode The three most significant address bits (A7, A6 and As) are strapped through inverters (not shown) to the inputs of gate G10 (Fig. 8A) to effect a preselection of an available non-pro-tected address field, i.e. reserved for peripher~l devices 302-306 at the slave terminals 102. Of course, any appropriate number of address b1ts may be so strapped depending upon the system's requirements. In the present example, of the 255 available addresses, the protected addresses are addresses 0 - 63, reserved for master peripherals and prescribed system addresses, while addresses 64 - 255 (due to the A5 - A7 bit strapping) are 1~2~
non-protected addresses reserved for slave peripheral devices.
Proceeding on the assumption that there exists a peripheral device at the interrogated address and this device contains data, then the peripheral cycle request line PCR will be "0'~
and the data enable line DE will be "0" to enable gate Gll and, consequently, gate G12, through inverters I2 and 13. The output of gate G6 sets flip-flop FFl and flip-flop FF3. The output of gate Gll is delayed by a one-shot delay Dl and toggles flip-flops FF2 and FF3. Since flip-flop FF3 has been set by gate G6, it is reset by the toggle to provide an output at Q. The Q
outputs of flip-flops FF2 and FF3 are coupled through gate G13 (Fig. 8B~ and inverter I6 to the READY line.
The READY line is connected to the microprocessor of the common control module 201 through the common control bus 211 and is used to inhibit processing by the microprocessor under various conditions. First, upon a read command from the micro-processor, processing is inhibited, so as to allow data to be read from a slave ter~inal peripheral device and presented to the master terminal. Second, if a read command or another write command is attempted during a write transaction, processing will be inhibited throughout the remainder of the write transactlon and throughout the read transaction but will resume when the current transaction is completed. The Q output of flip-flop FF2 inhibits processing through the READY line via gate G13 and inverter 16 if a transaction is still in progress, while flip--flop FF3 through its Q output inhibits processing during a read transaction. Flip~flop FF~ is cleared or reset by a transac-tlon termination signal supplied through inverter I8, while flip-flop FF3 is cleared by gate G14, as will be described below.
Proceeding,now, through the assumed transaction of reading a slave peripheral containing data, the output of gate G12 (Fig. 8A) is coupled through gate G16 to toggle flip-flop FF4 (Fig. 8B), which effectively synchronizes the operation of the data serializaticn process. Flip-flop FF4 will be reset via inverter I5 upon transmission of the data code to the slave terminal. Toggling of flip-flop FF4 causes a reset or clear signal to be supplied via gate G9 and delay D2 to the R/CL
terminal of register Rl to clear and prepare the register to load and serialize data. Such reset or clear signal originates at the RESET output of gate G7 which is coupled through inverter Il and gate G8 to gate G9.
Gate G9 (Fig. 8B) also enables the Q output of clocked JK flip-flop FF5, to clear the flip-flops FF8 and FF9 (Fig. 8C), whlch form a shift register SR2, and also clear the flip-flop FF10 of timing counter Cl. Gate G17 is now enabled by the shift register SR2 and flip-flop FF5 to supply a transmission enable signal over line ENAB XMIT (Fig 8C) to one input of gate Gl (Fig. 8A). The output of gate Gl is coupled through gate G3 to clock the data which has been parallel-loaded into register Rl out over the serial data output to the exclusive-OR gate 601 of the modulator-driver (shown in detail in Figure 6). As a result, a twelve bit serlal data stream conslsting of the two 6~62 sync bits (S~ o~; S2 = "l"), the reset bit (RF ~ "l"), the read/write not bit (R/W = "l"j, and eight address bits (A7 - Ao) will be transmitted to the slave terminals 102 associated with this particular master terminal lOl.
Termination of the read transmission occurs after all the twelve bits o~ the data code have been serialized out of the register Rl. The count of twelve is detected by the counter Cl (Fig. 8C), which counts the clock pulses supplied from the transmission clock via counter module CMl and enables gate G18 10 (Fig. 8B) via lines A, B and D, with the fourth input to gate G18 being coupled to the Q output of flip-flop FFl which was set, as described above, due to the occurrence of a read transaction.
After the last or twelfth bit 013t from register Rl has been serialized out, gate G18 is enabled to set via inverter I7 the first flip-~lop stage (FF8) of shi~t register SR2 (Fig. 8C), and gate G17 is disabled to thereb~ remove the ENAB XMIT signal from gate Gl and the driver modulator, so that data serialization is terminated. The second flip-flop stage (FF9) of the shift register SR2 receives a "l" with the next clock pulse~ to enable 20 the ENAB RX output line to gates G2 and G4 (Fig. 8A), so as to permit the master terminal to receive the data read out from the slave terminal. The flip-flop FF9 provides a one bit delay between the completion of the read transmission and enable receive signal ENAB RX.
Rece ive Mode With the ENAB RX input to gates G2 and G4 now enabled, ~ 2 the register Rl is now ready to recelve data read out from a slave terminal 102. The only permissible data format trans-mitted by a slave termlnal ls a ten bit data code as follows:
¦ SlTs~D7lD6lD5lD4lD3lD2lDllDo ¦
., 8 bit data field I Sync bits (Sl-O;S2=l) (No control field or address field need be transmitted since the only transmission required from a slave tenminal is a reply to an interrogation.) As the serial data train from the receiver/demodulatur 404 (Figure 4) is received at one input of gate G5, it is serially clocked by gates G2 and G3 into the cascaded stages of the register Rl. The first bit loaded into register Rl is the "0" of the sync bit Sl and the second bit loaded is the "1" of the sync bit S2. When the second sync bit (S2 ~ "1") is clocked into the ninth stage of the register (corresponding to the Ao bit of the address field) all the data bits will have been clocked into the Do - D7 stages of the register and loading of the data read out from the addressed slave peripheral device Ls now completed. The Ao bit now dis-ables gate G4 to prevent further clocking of data via gates G2and G3. At the same time, gate G4 causes flip-flop FF3 to be reset through gate G14, to enable the microprocessor of the common control module 201 via the READY line, so that the micro-processor can now read the data on the PTB lines Do - D7 from the data line drivers DDl.
To prevent the system operation from being delayed by il26;~2 a misoperation of a slave device, such as due to power loss, loss of sync, noise, etc., the logic is configured to permit the slave 102 only a prescrlbed amount of time to supply its data to the master tenminal l0l. To this end, selected outputs from the counter Cl and the D7 bit from the register Rl are supplied to inputs of gate Gl5, which causes flip-flop FF3 to be reset through gate Gl4, so as to remove the common control module inhibit signal from the READY line. Namely, gate Gl5 and counter Cl provide a slave response time-out.
Write Transaction Transmit Mode .
Completion of the read transaction means that the con-tent status register of the peripheral device has been read and its associated output buffer is empty and ready to receive data from the common control module 201. The CCM now supplies a ~oi.
on the R/W line input to gate G6, as opposed to a "l" for the read transaction described above. With flip-flop FFl being reset by the output gate G7, which receives a "l" on input line . _ RESET, the Q output of the flip-flop FFl will be a "0", while its Q output will be a "l". Also, the set input of flip-flop FF3 is a "0", each of flip-flops FF2 and FF3 being again toggled by the output of delay Dl. Otherwise, the initial conditions are the same as for a read transaction9 so that a description of the same sequence of operations of the control circuit need not be repeated.
In addition to loading and serializing the sync, 1 1 2 ~ ~ 2 control and address fields, as occurred during a read transac-tion, the reglster Rl also loads and serializes elght data bits Do - D7 to produce a twenty bit data code to be trans-mitted to a slave terminal. As it did during a read transaction, counter Cl will count clock pulses fromthe trans~ission clock, and it terminates transmission after twenty clock pulses have been counted. This is accomplished by way of a connection from the Q output from flip-flop FFl (Fig. 8A) to one input of gate Gl9 (Fig. 8B), and selectively connecting appropriate A, B and E
outputs from the counter Cl corresponding to a count of twenty bits to the gate Gl9 and to the JK flip-flop FF5. Note that at the count of twelve, gate G18 is not triggered as it was during a read transaction, since the Q output of flip-flop FFl is a "0"; therefore, no signal is present on the ENAB RX line.
Once the twenty bit write code has been clocked out, the Q
output of the JK flip-flop FF5 is coupled through inverter 18 and causes flip-flop FF2 to be cleared, which removes the inhibit signal fromthe READY line if one was present. The Q
output of flip-flop FF5 is also coupled through gate G8, delay D3, gate G16, toggled flip-flop FF4 and gate G9 (Figs. 8A and 8B) to prepare the system for the next transaction. The shift register SRl, comprising the flip-flops FF6 and FF7, is coupled to the JK flip-flop FF5 to provide a three bit dead time between words to allow slave termlnals 102 to reset for the next transaction.
As was described previously, flip-flop FF2 inhibits the microprocessor of the CCM 201 if another transaction is attempted during a write transaction. Thus, if, during the above-described write transactionr the microprocessor was to attempt a read or write transaction, flip-flop FF2, whose reset input R is coupled through inverter I8 to the Q output of the JK flip-flop FF5~ will inhibit processing, via the READY
line, until the counter Cl detects a complete clocking out of data (twenty bits) and switches the Q output of flip-flop FF5.
Of course, once that data has been serialized out to the master/slave link 103, flip-flop FF2 will no longer inhibit processing vla the READY line~ so that a new transaction may commence. Flip-flop FF5 is cleared by gate G20 via inverter I4 coupled to gate G12 (Fig. 8A).
Slave_Control Circuit (Fi~ . 9) Data Format As was described above in connection with the con-struction and operation of the master control circuit 401, dur-ing a read transaction the slave control circuit 504 will receive a twelve bit code consisting of the bits: Sl, S2, RF, R/W, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, Al, Ao, and will respond with a ten bit code consisting of the bits: Sl, S2, D7, D~, Ds, D4, D3, D2, Dl, Do. During a ~rite transaction, the slave terminal control circuit will receive a twenty bit code consisting of the bits: Sl, S2, RF, R/W, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, Al, Ao, D7 D6, D5, D4, D3, D~, Dl, Do but no data is transmitted by the - slave in replyO The slave control circuit 504 will be now 1~2f~6Z
described in connection with the two types of transactions (read and write).
Read Transaction Receive Mode Referring now to Figure 9, which is made up of 9A and 9B and shows the details of a slave control circuit, as the serial bit stream Sl, S2, RF, R/W, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, Al, Ao is demodulated by receiver demodulator 501 (Fig. 5) it is applied to the serial data lnputs of registers R2 and R3 (Fig. 9A).
Serial-parallel reglster R2 receives the serialized data from the master terminal and delivers the received address blts over parallel lines Ao - A7 to the portable bus PTB, and through gate G21 via inverters I9 and I10 clocks the sync bit (S2 D 1) ~ the reset bit (RF - 1), and the read/write not bit (R/W ~ 1) into flip-flop register stages FFll, FF12, and FF13. The Q output of flip-flop FF13 (Fig. 9B) is connected to gate G21 (Fig. 9A) via line SYNC F to insure synchronization of the system in accordance with "01" sync pattern of the Sl and S2 bits. Gate G22, which is, in effect, a decoder, detects the sync bits and through delay D4, causes a delayed output to be supplied in line RESET F. The period of the delay D4 is longer than the rate at which words are supplied to the slave terminal, so that the RESET F line supplied, in effect, a continuous reset signal.
Also connected to the outputs of flip-flop FFll through FF13 are a pair of decoding gates G27 and G28, which decode the control field to determine whether a read or write transaction :~lZtj3~;2 is taking place. For the assumed read transaction, gate G28 supplies an output through invert I12 and gate G30, to cause the Q output of flip-flop FF14 to go high. The output of in-verter I12 is also supplied to a one-shot delay D6, to initially clear register R3, so that it may load the data bits from the output buffer of the addressed peripheral device. A signal will be supplied on the ARF line (address recognize false) from a peripheral device to inverter I13 whenever a peripheral device associated with this slave terminal recognizes its address on lines Ao through A7 of the PTB. Assuming, of course, that there is an addressed peripheral device from whose output buffer data is to be read, then both inputs of gate G30 are enabled. A
signal is now provided onthe XMIT ENAB line from flip-flop FF14.
The output of gate G28, which decodes a read trans-action, is also coupled (RF) through gate G32 to delays D7 and D8 which respectively provide the PCR and DE signals which are duplicates of the like named signals on the common bus, but for associated with the slave peripheral device bus in this instance.
Transmit Mode The XMIT ENAB output from flip-flop FF14 (Fig. 9B) via gates G24 and G25 (Fig. 9A), causes the serial-parallelt parallel-serial register R3 to serially clock out the sync bits (Sl ~ 09 S2 = 1) and the eight data bits(D7 - Do) received from the output buffer of the addressed peripheral deviceS to the modulator driver 502 (Fig. 5) for transmission to the master terminal 101.
1 ~ 2 ~ ~ 2 The Q output of flip-flop FF14 (Fig. 9B) also triggers flip-flop FF15 and delay D5, so that the stages of register R3 which receive the parallel data from the addressed slave peripheral, appearing at the D7 - Do inputs, will be cleared by gate G26 (Fig. 9A) after the data has been clocked out by the transmission clock signal XMIT CLK and the XMIT ENAB signals supplied to gate G24 and coupled through gate G25 to the clock input oi register R3. Counter module CM3 (Fig. 9B3 and gate G33 are connected to time out the clocking of the ten bit code serialized out of register R3, and then reset flip-flop FF14 causing the XMIT ENAB line to go low and terminate serialization by the register R3.
Write Transaction (Receive Mode) For a write transaction from the master terminal 101, the full twenty bit code, described previously, will be supplied as a serial data train to registers R2 and R3. Since the R/W
bit of the control field is a "0", the ~ output of flip-flop FFll is a "1", so as to enable gate G27 (Fig. 9A). The WRF out-put of gate G27 is supplied to counter module CM2 and to inverter Ill. The WR output of inverter Ill enables gate G31, to supply a signal on line RX ENAB, so that, via gates G23 and G25 (Fig. 9A), register R3 will clock in the serial data bits D7 - Do and supply the data to data line drivers DD2. The parallel data bits D7 ~ Do are now written into the addressed peripheral device via the portable bus PTB.
The clock pulses received on the RX CLK input to gate llZ6362 G29 are counted until counter module CM2 counts that the eight data blts~ D7 - Do~ have been clocked into register R3. Invert-er I14 now lnhibits the RX ENAB line, so that the received bits are no longer clocked through the stages of the register ~3, and signals are generated on the PCR and DE outputs of delays D7 and D8 to clock the received data to the addressed slave device on the slave bus.
As will be appreciated by the foregoing description of the invention, read and write transactions can be conducted between a data processor and peripheral equipment by provlding an interface data-retiming and transmission system which to the processor and to the peripheral is transparent. The interface handling of the data via the master and slave bus adapters re-quires no special knowledge by the processor and memory as to which peripheral devices are local and which are remote. The processor and memory can be confined to the master terminal containing the c ~on control bus to the microprocessor. Also~
due to the duplication of common bus signals at the slave bus, it is to be understood that the remote peripherals do not know whether they are on the same bus as the processor and memory or at a remote slave location.
While we have shown and described one embodiment in accordance with the present invention, it is understood that the same is not limited thereto but is susceptible of numerous changes and modifications as known to a person skilled in the art, and we therefore do not wish to be limited to the details ~ ~ Z ~3 ~ Z
shown and described herein but i.ntend to cover all such changes and modifications as are obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
The present invention relates to a communication system, especially one designed for transmitting data over a common bus between t~e c~mmcn control processor of a data processing s~stem and a plurality of terminal devices which may be remotely located with respect to the processor.
Back~round of the Invention In present day data processing and transmission systems, it is common practice to assign a common control processor the task of processing data received from and to be transmitted to a plurality of terminal equipment disposed at a plurality of locations which may be remotely located with respect to the processor. Such terminal equipment typically includes keyboard devices, numeric displays, operator displays, printers, cash drawers, etc., as common equipment at point of sales termlnals.
Transactions carried out by such terminal equipment require the exchange of data between the remote equipment and the processor, with real-time data handling.
In systems employing a common bus for transmission oi serialized data, there has been a practical limit to the degree of remoteness or physical separation of the terminal equipment from the processor due to influences such as noise induced signal degradation, lack of drive, etc. Furthermore, co~fine-ment of all processing and memory to the processor not only makes data handling and processing entirely dependent upon the processor, but also reduces the speed at which transactions can be processed.
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Brief Summary of the Invention In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a distributed function communication system wherein data is transmLtted between a processor and a plurality of inter-mediate equipment tenminals, hereinafter referred to as master terminals. Each master terminal has the responsibility of con-trolling the exchange of data between the processor and plural remote terminals, hereinafter referred to as slave terminalc.
Data transmitted from the processor is retimed at the master terminals so that, to the slave terminals, it appears to have originated at the processor; namely, to the slave terminals, the master terminals which control their operation are transparent.
By compensatin~ for timing errors-resulting from data trans-mission, as well as providing drive, the master terminals enable data to be transmitted ov~r distances normally considered prohibitive.
Each master terminal is provided with memory and its own common control microprocessor module. In addition, at each master terninal there may be provided plural peripheral devices, like those at the slave terminals. Polling of the peripheral equipment from the processor is effected by using protected and non-protected addresses transmitted serially over the common bus. The protected addresses are used or system addresses and local peripheral device addresses at the master terminals, while non-protected addresses are reserved for peripheral devices at the remote slave terminals. Protocollogic is defined by the ti3~ J
control circuitry within each master terminal which is con-structed to inhibit data processing to ensure correct timing of the data. If the common control module (CCM) is ready for the next transaction, the control circuitry compares the current CCM state with the current data serialization logic state and either inhibits future processing by the CCM or times in the data to the CCM; serialization will also be permitted if commonality is allowed. The control circuitry also provides synchronization and includes registers to store the states of various parts of the logic. The memory within each master serves the master terminal itself and a plurality of peripheral devices located at the slave locations controlled by the master terminal, thus affording greater utilization of system memory, and taking advantage of common control coding. No memory is required at the slave terminals. The invention is further directed to a communications system for transmitting data between a data processor and a plruality of peripheral devices controlled by said processor comprising first interface means coupled over a first common bus to said processor and responsive to data trans-mission instructions including bus control signals and the addressof a prescribed peripheral device supplied over said first common bus from the processor for generating a data code in accordance with the received data transmission instruction and which identifies the address of the peripheral device and the type of transaction to be carried out between said processor and said addressed peripheral device, second interface means coupled over a second common bus to said plurality of peripheral devices addressable by said processor, a transmission line connected be-tween said first and second interface means, said first interface means includes a first storage means for storing the data trans-~2~GZ
mission instructions received from the processor over the firstcommon bus and for outputting the data code when enabled, first means for generating a transmission clock, first circuit means responsive to receiving said bus control signals for generating a control signal, first means coupled to said first clock gener-ating means and said first circuit means for transmitting the data code at said transmission clock rate from said first storage : means to said second interface means over said transmission line in response to the generation of said first control signal, said second interface means includes means coupled to said trans-mission line for reconstructing said transmission clock from the transmitted data code, second storage means coupled to said transmission line and said second common bus for storing the data code received from said first interface means, second circuit means coupled to said second storage means and said second common bus for reconstructing from said transmitted data said bus control signals, and third circuit means coupled to said second storage means and said clock reconstructing means for enabling said second storage means to output to the addressed peripheral device over said common bus said data code wherein the first and second interface means are transparent to the addressed peripheral device.
Brief Description of the Drawinqs . _ Figure 1 is a general system diagram of a distributed terminal communication system;
Figure 2 is a basic block diagram of the constituent components of a master terminal of the system of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a basic block diagram of the constituent components of a slave terminal of the system of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the master terminal bus adapter of Figure 2;
Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of the slave terminal bus adapter of Figure 3;
4a -~26~6;~
Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the modulator-driver circuitry used by the master and slave bus adapters of Flgures 4 and 5, respectively;
Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the receiver-demodulator circuitry used by the master and slave bus adapters of Figures 4 and 5, respectively;
Figures 8A, 8B and 8C, taken toge~her, are a schematic diagram of the control circuit of the master bus adapter of Figure 4; and Figures 9A and 9B, taken together, are a schematic diagram of the control circuit of the slave bus adapter of Figure 5.
Detailed Description The basic system configuration of the master-slave distributed function communication system is illustrated in Figure 1. The general data processing equipment includes the usual host computer 107 connected by way of communicatlon lines 106 to a store controller 104. Disposed at a plurality of loca-tions remote from the computer 107 are perlpheral devicest such as keyboard input devices, displays, etc., shown in Figure 3, which require data transmission between themselves and data processing equipment. In accordance with the present invention, between the data processing equipment and the peripheral devices there are provided a master terminal 101, a plurality of associ-ated slave terminals 102, and a master-slave communication link 103, For purposes of simplification, Figure 1 depicts only a s~ngle master terlTinal 101 linked to three slave terminals 102.
Suffice it to say that more or less than three slave terminals 102 may be associated wlth a single master terminal 101 via M/S
link 103 and the number of master tenninals 101 which communiaate with the store controller 104 by communication lines 105 will likewise vary according to the overall size of the system and the amount of peripheral equipment to be serviced by the data processing equipment.
As is shown in Figure 2, each master terminal 101 con-10 sists of its own memory 202 which includes conventional ROM and RAM structure and a common control module (CCM) 201 connected with each other and with other components of the terminal over a common control bus 211. The master terminal may include its awn peripheral devices such as a keyboard 207, numeric display 206, operator display 205, printer 204, and a miscellaneous control device 203, such as a cash drawer. Data transmission with the computer 107 is effected through a communication adpater 209, whereas data transmission between the master 101 and slave 102 terminals takes place by way of a master bus adapter 208, the 20 details of which will be described below. Power for these com-ponents is supplied over power bus 212 from pc~wer supply 210.
Such master terminal peripheral devices are conventional, employ-ing a data register, status register, and an output buffer. The common control module 201 contains a microprocessor, such as an Intel 8080 microprocessor. Since those skilled in the art are famlliar with the construction and operation of various types of ~ 6 ~
common bus communication adapters and peripheral equipment, a detailed description of the same will be omitted; this equipment will only be brlefly referred to herelnafter where necessary to facilitate the description of the c~nunlcation system of the invention. Of course, details of the structure and operation of the master bus adapter 208, which controls data communication with the associated slave terminals 102, will be described below in connection with Figures 4 and 6 through 8.
Referring now to Figure 3, each slave terminal 102 consists of a slave bus adapter 301 which communicates with an associated master bus adapter (such as adapter 208 in Figure 2) over a communications link such as a lOOn twisted pair line 103.
Within each slave terminal there are a plurality of remote (in the sense of the processor) peripheral devices such as a key-board 302, numeric display 303, operator display 304, printer 305, and a miscellaneous control device 306 (such as a cash drawer). Such peripheral devices are connected with the slave bus adapter 301 by way of common control bus 308. Power supply 307 supplies power for the components of the slave tenmlnal over power bus 309. As was described above with respect to the description of the general layout of a master terminal 101, the various peripheral components of the slave terminal 102, per se, do not form the sub~ect of the invention, and ~hls equipment will be briefly described only as necessary for completing the description of the communication system.
The basic circuitry of the respectiYe master terminal llZti;~
and slave terminal bus adapters 208 and 301 is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. Each adapter includes serial data modulation and driver circuitry for transmission to the receiver/demodula-tor of the bus adapter to which it is connected.
The master ~erminal bus adapter 208 contains a modulator-driver 402, a transmission clock 403, a receiver/
demodulator 404, and a control circuit 401. The control circuit (the detalls of which will be described below with reference to Figure 8) includes parallel/serial converter circuitry as well as protocol/control logic for interfacing data between the common control bus and the transmission lines to associated slaves. The control circuit 401 serializes the datato be transmitted to its associated slave terminals and controls the operation of the data modulator and driver 402 by a transmit enable signal XMIT ENAB. The data is clocked out at the trans-mission rate generated by transmission clock 403.
The modulator driver 402, illustrated in Figure 6, carries out Manchester coding and includes an exclusive-OR gate 601 which receives the serial data and the clock signal. The output of the exclusive-OR gate 601 is connected to one input of gate 602 and, through an inverter 603, to one input of gate 604. Gates 602 and 604 are enabled by the XMIT ENAB signal from the master control circuit 401, thereby enabling the serial data to be supplied to driver amplifier 605 and clocked out over a 100n twisted pair line to the receiver/demodulation circuitry of the slave bus adapter 301.
~Z6~62 When data is received from a slave bus adapter in response to a read instruction, the received signals are demod-ulated by receiver/demodulator 404, the details of which will now be described with reference to Figure 7. The serial data clocked out from the bus adapter 301 at a slave terminal is supplied to a threshold detector 701 which, in turn, controls a flip-flop 702. One output of the flip-flop is coup~ed through an inuerter 703 to a double-edge differentiator 704. The output of the inverter 703 is the received data and is supplied over line RX DATA to master control circuit 401. The received clock is generated by delaying the double-differentiated data signal through one-shot 705 and is coupled to control circuit ~01 via line RX CLK.
Like the master terminal bus adapter 208, the slave terminal bus adapter 301 (Fig. 5) includes a modulator-driver 502, a receiver-demodulator 501, and a transmission clock 503.
These components are structurally and operationally the same as those in the master terminal bus adapter so that the expla-nation given above for Figures 6 and 7 is applicable for compo-nents 501-503 in Figure 5. The slave bus adapter 301 also includes a control circuit 504 (the details of which will be described below with reference to Figure 9) for controlling the transmission of data from a peripheral device in response to a read request from the master terminal 101 and the writing of data into an addressed peripheral device.
The control circuits of the master terminal bus ~ ~ Z 6 ~6 ~
adapter and slave terminal bus adapter 301 are shown in detail in Figures 8 and 9, respectively. Included in these circuits are arrangements of combinational logic and parallel-serial/
serial parallel register circuitry for effectlng the transmission of data between the central processor 107 and a slave terminal peripheral device 302-306 under the control of the master terminal 101. To simplify an understanding of the structure and operation of not only these circuits, per se, but the over-all master-slave communication system of the invention, a description of the respective data transmissions which are implemented by the inventive system, under the control of the circuits of Figures 8 and 9, will be presented.
There are three basic types of commun~cation transac-tions which can take place between the data processor (be it the host computer 107 or the common control module 201 of the master terminal 101) and a piece of peripheral equipment. One is a "write" transaction whereby a peripheral device is addressed and data from the processor is transmitted to and written into the peripheral device. Another is a "read" transaction whereby a peripheral device is addressed and data contained within the device is transmitted from the peripheral device to the process-or~ Still another is a "reset" transaction which occurs on power up and power down to initialize the processor and peripheral equipment so as to prevent transient noise ~rom p~wer up/down cycles from entering the peripheral devices and memory.
Except for reset) these transactions will be described on an 1126~2 individual basis in accordance with the operations carried out by each of the master control circuits of Figure 8 and the slave control circuit of Figure 9, respectively.
Master Control Circuit ~FiRure 8) Data Format The master terminal 101 transmits a word to a slave terminal 102 whenever an input/output (read or write) instruc-tion is received from the processor 107 and the address designated corresponds to a non-protected address of the master terminal. As was described above, data is transmitted in serial format, so that from the master terminal there will be transmitted a series of bits which include, as part of the transmitted code, a field of address information specifying a particular slave terminal with which a transaction is to occur.
For purposes of illustration, a maximum code length of twenty bits is assumed1 having a pair of sync bits (Sl, S2), a reset false bit (RF), a read/write not bit (R/W), an eight bit address field (A7-A0), and an eight bit data field ~D7-D0).
A twenty bit data format is transmitted by a master terminal for a write transaction or for a continuous reset transmission, and is coded as follows:
:~LlZt~
g -~ .
.,~ .q ., U~
h U~
E~ ,1 u ~ cq .,., ~a ~O ~
~ 3 J, o td ~, ~ a ~; ~; ~r; 3 ~ ~ Z ~ ~ 2 The control field of the twenty bit code consists of the reset false bit (RF) and the read/write not bit (R/W). During a "write"
transaction, the reset bit is a "1", while the read/write not bit is a "0". D~ring a read transaction, since no data is sent to a slave terminal 102, the data bits are dropped, so that a twelve bit code will be transmitted from the master terminal 101. The reset false bit is again a "1", while the read/write not bit is a "1".
To create the respective read and write codes to be transmitted from the master terminal, the control circuit shown in Figure 8 includes a parallel-serial/serial-parallel register Rl and a set of associated combinational logic. The register Rl is comprised of conventional cascaded registers, the stages of which are connected to accept a maximum of tweDty parallel input bits Sl through Do and to clock out these bits in serial format;
similarly, the register Rl will receive a serial input data stream and selected stages, i.e. the data bit stages for D7 through Do have their outputs connected to data line d~ivers DDl, from which parallel output data bits are obtained in re-sponse to the receipt of a serial data stream read out from aslave bus adapter 301. The address bits A7 through Ao and the data bits D7 through Do are coupled to respective parallel lines of a portable bus connector PTB as part of the common control bus for coupling the bits with the microprocessor of the common control module 201 (Figure 2).
llZ6~6Z
Read Transaction In the process of effecting a data exchange between a peripheral device and the processor 107, an initial examination is made to determine whether or not the peripheral device is capable of accepting information. Thus, before data can be written into a peripheral device, its status register is read to determine if the device can receive another word, and if it can, a write transaction will then proceed. Referring to Figure 8 (made up of 8A, 8B and 8C), on the common control bus from ~e common control module (CCM) a "1" will be received at the R/W input to gate G6 and the RESET input to gate G7 will also be a "1" (Fig. 8A). Thus 9 the RF and R/W inputs to register Rl are both "1", the sync bits are strapped to "0" and "1"
respectively, and the address of the peripheral to be read is supplied over bit lines A7 through Ao. There are no data blts since the transaction is not a "write" transaction.
Transmit Mode The three most significant address bits (A7, A6 and As) are strapped through inverters (not shown) to the inputs of gate G10 (Fig. 8A) to effect a preselection of an available non-pro-tected address field, i.e. reserved for peripher~l devices 302-306 at the slave terminals 102. Of course, any appropriate number of address b1ts may be so strapped depending upon the system's requirements. In the present example, of the 255 available addresses, the protected addresses are addresses 0 - 63, reserved for master peripherals and prescribed system addresses, while addresses 64 - 255 (due to the A5 - A7 bit strapping) are 1~2~
non-protected addresses reserved for slave peripheral devices.
Proceeding on the assumption that there exists a peripheral device at the interrogated address and this device contains data, then the peripheral cycle request line PCR will be "0'~
and the data enable line DE will be "0" to enable gate Gll and, consequently, gate G12, through inverters I2 and 13. The output of gate G6 sets flip-flop FFl and flip-flop FF3. The output of gate Gll is delayed by a one-shot delay Dl and toggles flip-flops FF2 and FF3. Since flip-flop FF3 has been set by gate G6, it is reset by the toggle to provide an output at Q. The Q
outputs of flip-flops FF2 and FF3 are coupled through gate G13 (Fig. 8B~ and inverter I6 to the READY line.
The READY line is connected to the microprocessor of the common control module 201 through the common control bus 211 and is used to inhibit processing by the microprocessor under various conditions. First, upon a read command from the micro-processor, processing is inhibited, so as to allow data to be read from a slave ter~inal peripheral device and presented to the master terminal. Second, if a read command or another write command is attempted during a write transaction, processing will be inhibited throughout the remainder of the write transactlon and throughout the read transaction but will resume when the current transaction is completed. The Q output of flip-flop FF2 inhibits processing through the READY line via gate G13 and inverter 16 if a transaction is still in progress, while flip--flop FF3 through its Q output inhibits processing during a read transaction. Flip~flop FF~ is cleared or reset by a transac-tlon termination signal supplied through inverter I8, while flip-flop FF3 is cleared by gate G14, as will be described below.
Proceeding,now, through the assumed transaction of reading a slave peripheral containing data, the output of gate G12 (Fig. 8A) is coupled through gate G16 to toggle flip-flop FF4 (Fig. 8B), which effectively synchronizes the operation of the data serializaticn process. Flip-flop FF4 will be reset via inverter I5 upon transmission of the data code to the slave terminal. Toggling of flip-flop FF4 causes a reset or clear signal to be supplied via gate G9 and delay D2 to the R/CL
terminal of register Rl to clear and prepare the register to load and serialize data. Such reset or clear signal originates at the RESET output of gate G7 which is coupled through inverter Il and gate G8 to gate G9.
Gate G9 (Fig. 8B) also enables the Q output of clocked JK flip-flop FF5, to clear the flip-flops FF8 and FF9 (Fig. 8C), whlch form a shift register SR2, and also clear the flip-flop FF10 of timing counter Cl. Gate G17 is now enabled by the shift register SR2 and flip-flop FF5 to supply a transmission enable signal over line ENAB XMIT (Fig 8C) to one input of gate Gl (Fig. 8A). The output of gate Gl is coupled through gate G3 to clock the data which has been parallel-loaded into register Rl out over the serial data output to the exclusive-OR gate 601 of the modulator-driver (shown in detail in Figure 6). As a result, a twelve bit serlal data stream conslsting of the two 6~62 sync bits (S~ o~; S2 = "l"), the reset bit (RF ~ "l"), the read/write not bit (R/W = "l"j, and eight address bits (A7 - Ao) will be transmitted to the slave terminals 102 associated with this particular master terminal lOl.
Termination of the read transmission occurs after all the twelve bits o~ the data code have been serialized out of the register Rl. The count of twelve is detected by the counter Cl (Fig. 8C), which counts the clock pulses supplied from the transmission clock via counter module CMl and enables gate G18 10 (Fig. 8B) via lines A, B and D, with the fourth input to gate G18 being coupled to the Q output of flip-flop FFl which was set, as described above, due to the occurrence of a read transaction.
After the last or twelfth bit 013t from register Rl has been serialized out, gate G18 is enabled to set via inverter I7 the first flip-~lop stage (FF8) of shi~t register SR2 (Fig. 8C), and gate G17 is disabled to thereb~ remove the ENAB XMIT signal from gate Gl and the driver modulator, so that data serialization is terminated. The second flip-flop stage (FF9) of the shift register SR2 receives a "l" with the next clock pulse~ to enable 20 the ENAB RX output line to gates G2 and G4 (Fig. 8A), so as to permit the master terminal to receive the data read out from the slave terminal. The flip-flop FF9 provides a one bit delay between the completion of the read transmission and enable receive signal ENAB RX.
Rece ive Mode With the ENAB RX input to gates G2 and G4 now enabled, ~ 2 the register Rl is now ready to recelve data read out from a slave terminal 102. The only permissible data format trans-mitted by a slave termlnal ls a ten bit data code as follows:
¦ SlTs~D7lD6lD5lD4lD3lD2lDllDo ¦
., 8 bit data field I Sync bits (Sl-O;S2=l) (No control field or address field need be transmitted since the only transmission required from a slave tenminal is a reply to an interrogation.) As the serial data train from the receiver/demodulatur 404 (Figure 4) is received at one input of gate G5, it is serially clocked by gates G2 and G3 into the cascaded stages of the register Rl. The first bit loaded into register Rl is the "0" of the sync bit Sl and the second bit loaded is the "1" of the sync bit S2. When the second sync bit (S2 ~ "1") is clocked into the ninth stage of the register (corresponding to the Ao bit of the address field) all the data bits will have been clocked into the Do - D7 stages of the register and loading of the data read out from the addressed slave peripheral device Ls now completed. The Ao bit now dis-ables gate G4 to prevent further clocking of data via gates G2and G3. At the same time, gate G4 causes flip-flop FF3 to be reset through gate G14, to enable the microprocessor of the common control module 201 via the READY line, so that the micro-processor can now read the data on the PTB lines Do - D7 from the data line drivers DDl.
To prevent the system operation from being delayed by il26;~2 a misoperation of a slave device, such as due to power loss, loss of sync, noise, etc., the logic is configured to permit the slave 102 only a prescrlbed amount of time to supply its data to the master tenminal l0l. To this end, selected outputs from the counter Cl and the D7 bit from the register Rl are supplied to inputs of gate Gl5, which causes flip-flop FF3 to be reset through gate Gl4, so as to remove the common control module inhibit signal from the READY line. Namely, gate Gl5 and counter Cl provide a slave response time-out.
Write Transaction Transmit Mode .
Completion of the read transaction means that the con-tent status register of the peripheral device has been read and its associated output buffer is empty and ready to receive data from the common control module 201. The CCM now supplies a ~oi.
on the R/W line input to gate G6, as opposed to a "l" for the read transaction described above. With flip-flop FFl being reset by the output gate G7, which receives a "l" on input line . _ RESET, the Q output of the flip-flop FFl will be a "0", while its Q output will be a "l". Also, the set input of flip-flop FF3 is a "0", each of flip-flops FF2 and FF3 being again toggled by the output of delay Dl. Otherwise, the initial conditions are the same as for a read transaction9 so that a description of the same sequence of operations of the control circuit need not be repeated.
In addition to loading and serializing the sync, 1 1 2 ~ ~ 2 control and address fields, as occurred during a read transac-tion, the reglster Rl also loads and serializes elght data bits Do - D7 to produce a twenty bit data code to be trans-mitted to a slave terminal. As it did during a read transaction, counter Cl will count clock pulses fromthe trans~ission clock, and it terminates transmission after twenty clock pulses have been counted. This is accomplished by way of a connection from the Q output from flip-flop FFl (Fig. 8A) to one input of gate Gl9 (Fig. 8B), and selectively connecting appropriate A, B and E
outputs from the counter Cl corresponding to a count of twenty bits to the gate Gl9 and to the JK flip-flop FF5. Note that at the count of twelve, gate G18 is not triggered as it was during a read transaction, since the Q output of flip-flop FFl is a "0"; therefore, no signal is present on the ENAB RX line.
Once the twenty bit write code has been clocked out, the Q
output of the JK flip-flop FF5 is coupled through inverter 18 and causes flip-flop FF2 to be cleared, which removes the inhibit signal fromthe READY line if one was present. The Q
output of flip-flop FF5 is also coupled through gate G8, delay D3, gate G16, toggled flip-flop FF4 and gate G9 (Figs. 8A and 8B) to prepare the system for the next transaction. The shift register SRl, comprising the flip-flops FF6 and FF7, is coupled to the JK flip-flop FF5 to provide a three bit dead time between words to allow slave termlnals 102 to reset for the next transaction.
As was described previously, flip-flop FF2 inhibits the microprocessor of the CCM 201 if another transaction is attempted during a write transaction. Thus, if, during the above-described write transactionr the microprocessor was to attempt a read or write transaction, flip-flop FF2, whose reset input R is coupled through inverter I8 to the Q output of the JK flip-flop FF5~ will inhibit processing, via the READY
line, until the counter Cl detects a complete clocking out of data (twenty bits) and switches the Q output of flip-flop FF5.
Of course, once that data has been serialized out to the master/slave link 103, flip-flop FF2 will no longer inhibit processing vla the READY line~ so that a new transaction may commence. Flip-flop FF5 is cleared by gate G20 via inverter I4 coupled to gate G12 (Fig. 8A).
Slave_Control Circuit (Fi~ . 9) Data Format As was described above in connection with the con-struction and operation of the master control circuit 401, dur-ing a read transaction the slave control circuit 504 will receive a twelve bit code consisting of the bits: Sl, S2, RF, R/W, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, Al, Ao, and will respond with a ten bit code consisting of the bits: Sl, S2, D7, D~, Ds, D4, D3, D2, Dl, Do. During a ~rite transaction, the slave terminal control circuit will receive a twenty bit code consisting of the bits: Sl, S2, RF, R/W, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, Al, Ao, D7 D6, D5, D4, D3, D~, Dl, Do but no data is transmitted by the - slave in replyO The slave control circuit 504 will be now 1~2f~6Z
described in connection with the two types of transactions (read and write).
Read Transaction Receive Mode Referring now to Figure 9, which is made up of 9A and 9B and shows the details of a slave control circuit, as the serial bit stream Sl, S2, RF, R/W, A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, Al, Ao is demodulated by receiver demodulator 501 (Fig. 5) it is applied to the serial data lnputs of registers R2 and R3 (Fig. 9A).
Serial-parallel reglster R2 receives the serialized data from the master terminal and delivers the received address blts over parallel lines Ao - A7 to the portable bus PTB, and through gate G21 via inverters I9 and I10 clocks the sync bit (S2 D 1) ~ the reset bit (RF - 1), and the read/write not bit (R/W ~ 1) into flip-flop register stages FFll, FF12, and FF13. The Q output of flip-flop FF13 (Fig. 9B) is connected to gate G21 (Fig. 9A) via line SYNC F to insure synchronization of the system in accordance with "01" sync pattern of the Sl and S2 bits. Gate G22, which is, in effect, a decoder, detects the sync bits and through delay D4, causes a delayed output to be supplied in line RESET F. The period of the delay D4 is longer than the rate at which words are supplied to the slave terminal, so that the RESET F line supplied, in effect, a continuous reset signal.
Also connected to the outputs of flip-flop FFll through FF13 are a pair of decoding gates G27 and G28, which decode the control field to determine whether a read or write transaction :~lZtj3~;2 is taking place. For the assumed read transaction, gate G28 supplies an output through invert I12 and gate G30, to cause the Q output of flip-flop FF14 to go high. The output of in-verter I12 is also supplied to a one-shot delay D6, to initially clear register R3, so that it may load the data bits from the output buffer of the addressed peripheral device. A signal will be supplied on the ARF line (address recognize false) from a peripheral device to inverter I13 whenever a peripheral device associated with this slave terminal recognizes its address on lines Ao through A7 of the PTB. Assuming, of course, that there is an addressed peripheral device from whose output buffer data is to be read, then both inputs of gate G30 are enabled. A
signal is now provided onthe XMIT ENAB line from flip-flop FF14.
The output of gate G28, which decodes a read trans-action, is also coupled (RF) through gate G32 to delays D7 and D8 which respectively provide the PCR and DE signals which are duplicates of the like named signals on the common bus, but for associated with the slave peripheral device bus in this instance.
Transmit Mode The XMIT ENAB output from flip-flop FF14 (Fig. 9B) via gates G24 and G25 (Fig. 9A), causes the serial-parallelt parallel-serial register R3 to serially clock out the sync bits (Sl ~ 09 S2 = 1) and the eight data bits(D7 - Do) received from the output buffer of the addressed peripheral deviceS to the modulator driver 502 (Fig. 5) for transmission to the master terminal 101.
1 ~ 2 ~ ~ 2 The Q output of flip-flop FF14 (Fig. 9B) also triggers flip-flop FF15 and delay D5, so that the stages of register R3 which receive the parallel data from the addressed slave peripheral, appearing at the D7 - Do inputs, will be cleared by gate G26 (Fig. 9A) after the data has been clocked out by the transmission clock signal XMIT CLK and the XMIT ENAB signals supplied to gate G24 and coupled through gate G25 to the clock input oi register R3. Counter module CM3 (Fig. 9B3 and gate G33 are connected to time out the clocking of the ten bit code serialized out of register R3, and then reset flip-flop FF14 causing the XMIT ENAB line to go low and terminate serialization by the register R3.
Write Transaction (Receive Mode) For a write transaction from the master terminal 101, the full twenty bit code, described previously, will be supplied as a serial data train to registers R2 and R3. Since the R/W
bit of the control field is a "0", the ~ output of flip-flop FFll is a "1", so as to enable gate G27 (Fig. 9A). The WRF out-put of gate G27 is supplied to counter module CM2 and to inverter Ill. The WR output of inverter Ill enables gate G31, to supply a signal on line RX ENAB, so that, via gates G23 and G25 (Fig. 9A), register R3 will clock in the serial data bits D7 - Do and supply the data to data line drivers DD2. The parallel data bits D7 ~ Do are now written into the addressed peripheral device via the portable bus PTB.
The clock pulses received on the RX CLK input to gate llZ6362 G29 are counted until counter module CM2 counts that the eight data blts~ D7 - Do~ have been clocked into register R3. Invert-er I14 now lnhibits the RX ENAB line, so that the received bits are no longer clocked through the stages of the register ~3, and signals are generated on the PCR and DE outputs of delays D7 and D8 to clock the received data to the addressed slave device on the slave bus.
As will be appreciated by the foregoing description of the invention, read and write transactions can be conducted between a data processor and peripheral equipment by provlding an interface data-retiming and transmission system which to the processor and to the peripheral is transparent. The interface handling of the data via the master and slave bus adapters re-quires no special knowledge by the processor and memory as to which peripheral devices are local and which are remote. The processor and memory can be confined to the master terminal containing the c ~on control bus to the microprocessor. Also~
due to the duplication of common bus signals at the slave bus, it is to be understood that the remote peripherals do not know whether they are on the same bus as the processor and memory or at a remote slave location.
While we have shown and described one embodiment in accordance with the present invention, it is understood that the same is not limited thereto but is susceptible of numerous changes and modifications as known to a person skilled in the art, and we therefore do not wish to be limited to the details ~ ~ Z ~3 ~ Z
shown and described herein but i.ntend to cover all such changes and modifications as are obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (16)
first interface means coupled over a first common bus to said processor and responsive to data transmis-sion instructions including bus control signals and the address of a prescribed peripheral device supplied over said first common bus from the processor for generating a data code in accordance with the received data transmission instruction and which identifies the address of the peripheral device and the type of transaction to be carried out between said processor and said addressed peripheral device;
second interface means coupled over a second common bus to said plurality of peripheral devices addressable by said processor;
a transmission line connected between said first and second interface means;
said first interface means includes a first storage means for storing the data transmission instructions received from the processor over the first common bus and for outputting the data code when enabled;
first means for generating a transmission clock first circuit means responsive to receiving said bus control signals for generating a control signal first means coupled to said first clock generating means and said first circuit means for transmitting the data code at said transmission clock rate from said first storage means to said second interface means over said trans-mission line in response to the generation of said first control signal;
1. (concluded) said second interface means includes means coupled to said transmission line for reconstructing said transmission clock from the transmitted data code;
second storage means coupled to said trans-mission line and said second common bus for storing the data code received from said first interface means;
second circuit means coupled to said second storage means and said second common bus for reconstructing from said transmitted data said bus control signals;
and third circuit means coupled to said second storage means and said clock reconstructing means for enabling said second storage means to output to the addressed peripheral device over said common bus said data code wherein the first and second interface means are transparent to the addressed peripheral device.
second storage means coupled to said trans-mission line and said second common bus for storing the data code received from said first interface means;
second circuit means coupled to said second storage means and said second common bus for reconstructing from said transmitted data said bus control signals;
and third circuit means coupled to said second storage means and said clock reconstructing means for enabling said second storage means to output to the addressed peripheral device over said common bus said data code wherein the first and second interface means are transparent to the addressed peripheral device.
2. The communication system of claim 1 in which said first interface means includes fourth circuit means coupled to said first common bus and responsive to receiving said bus control signals for outputting over said first common bus a signal which inhibits a processing operation by said data processor during the transmission of data between the data processor and the addressed peripheral device.
3. The communication system of claim 1 in which said first circuit means includes first gating means respon-sive to receiving the address of the prescribed peripheral device enabling said transmission clock to transmit the data code from said first storage means to said second inter-
3. The communication system of claim 1 in which said first circuit means includes first gating means respon-sive to receiving the address of the prescribed peripheral device enabling said transmission clock to transmit the data code from said first storage means to said second inter-
3. (concluded) face means when the address of the peripheral device is con-tained within only a preselected number of addresses avail-able to be addressed by said processor.
4. The communications system of claim 1 in which said transmission line comprises a twisted pair of conductors, said first transmitting means is coupled to said first storage means and said first transmission clock generating means for transmitting the data code stored in said first storage means over the twisted pair of conductors at the rate of said transmission clock, and said second interface means includes a first receiver means coupled to said pair of conductors for receiving the data code transmitted by said first transmitting means, said receiver means includes said clock reconstructing means for reconstructing from the data code a clock signal corresponding to the transmission rate at which said data code is transmitted by said first trans-mitting means, said reconstructed clock enabling said second storage means to store said data code.
5. The communication system of claim 4 in which said second circuit means includes a plurality of bi-stable means coupled to said second storage means for reconstructing said common bus control signals in response to the storing of said data code in said second storage means.
6. The communication system of claim 5 in which said second storage means includes an address register for outputting the address of the prescribed peripheral device in
6. The communication system of claim 5 in which said second storage means includes an address register for outputting the address of the prescribed peripheral device in
6. (concluded) said data code to the peripheral device and a data register for storing the data received from the prescribed peripheral device, said second interface means further including fifth circuit means responsive to a signal from the prescribed peripheral device whose address was outputted by said address register for transmitting the data stored in said data register to said first interface means.
7. The communication system of claim 6 in which said second interface means includes second means for gener-ating said transmission clock, said second clock generating means coupled to said data register enabling said trans-mission clock to transmit the data code stored in said data register and received from the prescribed peripheral device to said first interface means.
8. A communications system for transmitting data between a data processor and a plurality of peripheral devices controlled by said processor comprising:
first adapter means coupled over a first common bus to said processor and responsive to parallel data transmission instructions including bus control signals and the address of the prescribed peripheral device supplied over said first common bus from the processor for generating a serial data code in accordance with the received data transmission instructions and which includes the address of the prescribed peripheral device, the type of transaction and a data portion;
8. (continued) a plurality of second adapter means coupled over a second common bus to said plurality of peripheral devices addressable by said processor;
a twisted pair of conductors connected between said first adapter means and each of said second adapter means;
said first adapter means includes a first storage means coupled to said first common bus for storing said parallel data instructions and for outputting over said pair of conductors said serial data code when enabled;
first means coupled to said first storage means for generating a transmission clock;
first circuit means coupled to said first common bus and responsive to receiving said bus control signals for enabling said transmission clock to clock said serial code from said first storage means over said twisted pair of conductors to each of said second adapter means;
each of said second adapter means includes means coupled to said twisted pair of conductors for recon-structing said transmission clock from the serial data code transmitted over said pair of conductors, second storage means coupled to said pair of conductors for storing the address of the prescribed periph-eral device, said second storage means further coupled to said reconstructing means and said second common bus for supplying over said second common bus at said recovered transmission clock rate the address of the prescribed peripheral device to the peripheral devices;
third storage means coupled to said clock reconstructing means for storing the data portion of the serial data code,
8. A communications system for transmitting data between a data processor and a plurality of peripheral devices controlled by said processor comprising:
first adapter means coupled over a first common bus to said processor and responsive to parallel data transmission instructions including bus control signals and the address of the prescribed peripheral device supplied over said first common bus from the processor for generating a serial data code in accordance with the received data transmission instructions and which includes the address of the prescribed peripheral device, the type of transaction and a data portion;
8. (continued) a plurality of second adapter means coupled over a second common bus to said plurality of peripheral devices addressable by said processor;
a twisted pair of conductors connected between said first adapter means and each of said second adapter means;
said first adapter means includes a first storage means coupled to said first common bus for storing said parallel data instructions and for outputting over said pair of conductors said serial data code when enabled;
first means coupled to said first storage means for generating a transmission clock;
first circuit means coupled to said first common bus and responsive to receiving said bus control signals for enabling said transmission clock to clock said serial code from said first storage means over said twisted pair of conductors to each of said second adapter means;
each of said second adapter means includes means coupled to said twisted pair of conductors for recon-structing said transmission clock from the serial data code transmitted over said pair of conductors, second storage means coupled to said pair of conductors for storing the address of the prescribed periph-eral device, said second storage means further coupled to said reconstructing means and said second common bus for supplying over said second common bus at said recovered transmission clock rate the address of the prescribed peripheral device to the peripheral devices;
third storage means coupled to said clock reconstructing means for storing the data portion of the serial data code,
8. (concluded) second circuit means coupled to said second storage means and said second common bus for reconstructing from the transmitted serial data code said bus control signals, and third circuit means coupled to said second and third storage means and said clock reconstructing means for enabling said third storage means to output in parallel said data portion to the addressed peripheral device over said second common bus in response to receiving the serial data code wherein the first and second adapters are transparent to the addressed peripheral device.
9. The communication system of claim 8 in which the data transmission instructions include a first data bit indicating the type of instruction supplied by the processor and said first adapter means includes fourth circuit means coupled to said first common bus and responsive to receiving said bus control signals and said data bit for outputting over said first common bus an inhibiting signal which inhibits a processing operation by said data processor during the trans-mitting of data between the data processor and the addressed peripheral device.
10. The communication system of claim 9 in which said first adapter means includes counter means operated in response to the outputting of the serial data code from said first storage means for terminating said inhibiting signal upon the expiration of a prescribed period of time.
11. The communication system of claim 8 in which said first circuit means includes gating means operated in response to receiving said bus control signal and the address of the prescribed peripheral device for allowing said trans-mission clock to enable said first storage means to output said serial data code to each of said second adapter means when the address of the peripheral device is contained within only a preselected number of addresses available to be addressed by said data processor.
12. The communication system of claim 8 in which said first adapter means includes a first transmitter means coupled to said first storage means and said first transmis-sion clock generating means for transmitting the serial data code stored in said first storage means over the pair of conductors at the rate of said transmission clock to said second adapter, and each of said second adapter means includes a first receiver means coupled to said pair of conductors for receiving the serial data code transmitted by said first transmitter means and said second and third storage means, said receiver means including differentiator means and a one-shot multivibrator for reconstructing from the serial data code the transmission clock and transmitting said clock to said second and third storage means whereby said recovered clock enables said second and third storage means to store said serial data code.
13. The communication system of claim 12 in which each of said second adapter means includes second means for generating said transmission clock, said second adapter means
13. The communication system of claim 12 in which each of said second adapter means includes second means for generating said transmission clock, said second adapter means
13. (concluded) further including second transmitter means coupled to said third storage means, said second transmission clock gener-ating means and said pair of conductors for transmitting data received from said addressed peripheral device and stored in said third storage means over the pair of conductors to said first adapter means at said transmission clock, and said first adapter means includes second receiver means for receiving the data transmitted by said second transmitter means, said second receiver means including second means for reconstructing the transmission clock from the transmitted data for use in transmitting the data to the data processor over the first common bus.
14. The communication system of claim 13 wherein said first and second transmitter means are structurally the same.
15. The communication system of claim 14 wherein said first and second receiver means are structurally the same.
16. The communication system of claim 15 in which each of said second adapter means includes fourth circuit means responsive to a second signal from the peripheral device whose address was stored in said second storage means for enabling said second transmission clock to output the data stored in said first storage means to said second transmitter means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US81778077A | 1977-07-21 | 1977-07-21 | |
| US817,780 | 1977-07-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1126362A true CA1126362A (en) | 1982-06-22 |
Family
ID=25223867
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA305,732A Expired CA1126362A (en) | 1977-07-21 | 1978-06-19 | Communication system for remote devices |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5422735A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1126362A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2831887C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2398420A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2001462B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE430106B (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1983-10-17 | Ibm Svenska Ab | Hierarchical Computer System |
| DE3003340C2 (en) * | 1980-01-30 | 1985-08-22 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Method and circuit arrangement for the transmission of binary signals between terminal devices connected to one another via a central bus line system |
| DE3168124D1 (en) * | 1981-06-11 | 1985-02-21 | Ibm | Document handling terminal computer system and method of operation thereof |
| JP2003078596A (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-14 | Nec Corp | Folding portable terminal and its display method and its program |
| GB2401207B (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2006-11-22 | Agilent Technologies Inc | Master slave arrangement |
| US10606794B1 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2020-03-31 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Clock signal monitor for slave device on a master-slave bus |
-
1978
- 1978-06-19 CA CA305,732A patent/CA1126362A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-10 GB GB7829283A patent/GB2001462B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-19 JP JP8721978A patent/JPS5422735A/en active Pending
- 1978-07-20 DE DE19782831887 patent/DE2831887C2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-20 FR FR7821472A patent/FR2398420A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2001462A (en) | 1979-01-31 |
| FR2398420A1 (en) | 1979-02-16 |
| DE2831887C2 (en) | 1983-02-10 |
| JPS5422735A (en) | 1979-02-20 |
| DE2831887A1 (en) | 1979-02-08 |
| GB2001462B (en) | 1982-01-20 |
| FR2398420B1 (en) | 1981-08-14 |
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