CA1178873A - Tree and brushwood harvester - Google Patents
Tree and brushwood harvesterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1178873A CA1178873A CA000426678A CA426678A CA1178873A CA 1178873 A CA1178873 A CA 1178873A CA 000426678 A CA000426678 A CA 000426678A CA 426678 A CA426678 A CA 426678A CA 1178873 A CA1178873 A CA 1178873A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- bin
- chassis
- harvester
- control chassis
- chips
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Harvester Elements (AREA)
Abstract
TREE AND BRUSHWOOD HARVESTER
ABSTRACT
A machine for clearing and cleanly chipping trees and brushwood in the path of the machine as it moves forward. A pair of counterrotating disk cutters cut a kerf in the standing material and propel the cut material upwardly and rearwardly to the throat between a pair of feed rollers. The feed rollers deliver the cut material to a chipper, which reduces the material to chips and delivers them to a chip storage bin. The bin can be tilted to dump chips alongside the machine. The entire mechanism is carried by a self-propelled, articulated, track-supported vehicle which is especially well-suited for operation over soft, boggy ground.
ABSTRACT
A machine for clearing and cleanly chipping trees and brushwood in the path of the machine as it moves forward. A pair of counterrotating disk cutters cut a kerf in the standing material and propel the cut material upwardly and rearwardly to the throat between a pair of feed rollers. The feed rollers deliver the cut material to a chipper, which reduces the material to chips and delivers them to a chip storage bin. The bin can be tilted to dump chips alongside the machine. The entire mechanism is carried by a self-propelled, articulated, track-supported vehicle which is especially well-suited for operation over soft, boggy ground.
Description
117~3 !373 TREE AND BR~JSHWOOD HARVESTER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the I_vention The present invention relates generally to clearing machines for trees and brushwood and, more particularly, to a clearing machine which 5 harvests trees and brushwood and reduces the same to chips for subsequent use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the I_vention The present invention relates generally to clearing machines for trees and brushwood and, more particularly, to a clearing machine which 5 harvests trees and brushwood and reduces the same to chips for subsequent use.
2. Description of the Prior Art ln contemporary forestry management, a maximum yield of lumber per acre of timberland is obtained by taking steps to insure that 10 harvestable trees of substantial size are grown as rapidly as possible.
One of these steps involves the removal of adjacent smaller trees and brushwood which would otherwise compete with the larger trees for soil nutrients and moisture and slow the growth of the larger trees.
Elimination of this competition can significantly increase merchantable 15 growth per year.
In the past, competing trees and brushwood have been elfminated by the application of herbicides, or by controlled or prescribed burning.
However, recent public concern over, and legislation against pollution of the environment has rendered these two methods undesirable in certain 20 instances, if not unavailable. Herbicides and controlled burning are not as selective as mechanical cutting. In addition, overspraying of herbicides or overspreading of flames often kills some trees which would otherwise have been harvested if permitted to grow to maturity. Herbicide application, controlled burning and mechanical cutting without harvesting 25 have been performed on undesirable trees and brush in many other areas,
One of these steps involves the removal of adjacent smaller trees and brushwood which would otherwise compete with the larger trees for soil nutrients and moisture and slow the growth of the larger trees.
Elimination of this competition can significantly increase merchantable 15 growth per year.
In the past, competing trees and brushwood have been elfminated by the application of herbicides, or by controlled or prescribed burning.
However, recent public concern over, and legislation against pollution of the environment has rendered these two methods undesirable in certain 20 instances, if not unavailable. Herbicides and controlled burning are not as selective as mechanical cutting. In addition, overspraying of herbicides or overspreading of flames often kills some trees which would otherwise have been harvested if permitted to grow to maturity. Herbicide application, controlled burning and mechanical cutting without harvesting 25 have been performed on undesirable trees and brush in many other areas,
3~
' 117t~8~73 such as rights of way under power lines, rangeland and the like.
Brushwood and small trees which are burned amount to a totally wasted energy source. If this material could be harvested and converted into 8 smaller form, such as chips, it would represent a new energy 5 source capable of providing, for example, an appreciable portion of the fuel required to fire the boilers and other equipment in paper making mills and the like. It is estimated that the brushwood and trees harvested from one acre of timberland can yield as much as fifteen tons (1200 cu.ft.) of chips, depending on the growth density. However, 10 there are many obstacles to be overcome in the design a machine capable of doing this. In southern timberlands, for example, the earth is fairly flat but often quite soft or boggy due to a high moisture content. Ordinary wheeled vehicles supporting the heavy machinery necessary to accomplish these tasks would exert unacceptably high earth 15 loading pressures on soil of this type, resulting in undesirable loss of maneuverability, root damage, soil compaction, disruption of the naturally occurring nutrient layers, and increased soil erosion.-One proposed solution for accomplishing some of these objectivesis disclosed in Pallartri U.S. Patent No. 3,996,980. The machine there 20 described has a harvesting head mounted at the front of a tractor-type wheeled vehicle. The harvesting head comprises a pair of counterrotating shearing blade assemblies which cut brush and small trees in the path of the machine close to the ground as the machine moves forward.
Two vertical f eed rollers deliver the cut material rearwardly of the 25 machine to a chipper, which reduces the cut material to chips. The chips may be deposlted on the ground or onto a chip loading bed towed behind the tractor. One ma~or drawback Or this machine is that it is not capable of cutting and chipping trees larger than 6 inches in diameter.
It is very often desirable to be able to remove larger trees, up to 12 30 or 15 inches in diameter, which compete with harvestable timber, but which are too small for any practical use.
Other types of machines are available which may cut and/or chip selected trees, but these must be carefully maneuvered into position to harvest these selected trees and are not capable of clearing all of the 35 smaller brushwood in their paths as they move forward. Many of these ,, ~7~8'73 3~
machines deposit the cut material directly on the ground and then drag it along the ground to a chipper. The dirt which then adheres to the material tends to foul and rapidly wear the equipment, and must be washed from the chips prior to their subsequent use.
A strong need therefore exists for a nonpolluting device which is capable of clearing and cleanly chipping brushwood and trees of a size up to approximately 15 inches in diameter, where this vegetation would compete with harvestable trees of larger size.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide a machine which will economi-cally harvest brushwood and trees which heretofore have been destroyed.
An object of an aspect of the invention is to provide such a machine which will not pollute the environ-ment.
An object of an aspect of the invention is to povide such a machine which can be easily operated and maneuvered over soft or boggy ground and in somewhat dense forest.
An object of an aspect of the invention is to provide such a machine which will harvest brushwood and trees without permitting the harvested material to come into contact with the ground, and will reduce the harvest-ed material to clean chips for subsequent use.
An object of an aspect of the invention is to provide such a machine which is capable of on board storage of a substantial quantity of chips so as to avoid inefficient frequent dumping thereof.
An aspect of the invention is as follows:
,:,J
117~8t73 - 3a -A mobile, self-propelled brush and tree harvester for cutting brush and trees above and close to soft, boggy ground and reducing the cut material to chips, comprising:
a forward control chassis mounted on a pair of dr:iven endless tracks;
an aft power chassis hinged to the rear of said control chassis and mounted on a pair of driven endless tracks;
a harvesting head attached to the front of said control chassis and comprising cutting means for cutting brush and trees close to the ground, chipping means for reducing the cut material to chips, and feeding means for feeding the cut material from said cutting means to said chipping means;
steering means interconnecting said con~rol chassis and said power chassis for varying the articulated angle between said control chassis and said power chassis to steer the harvester;
power supply means mounted on said power chassis for supplying motive power to said endless tracks, steering means, cutting means, chipping means, feeding means and other harvester equipment; and control means mounted on said control chassis for controlling the application of power to said harvester equipment.
The term "saw-type" is intended to encompass any cutting tooth which cuts a kerf or notch as it moves through material, as distinguished from 117~8~3 shearing-type cutting means which shear material with a scissor-like action between two converging surf aces.
The harvester may comprise a forward control ~hassis mounted on a pair of driven endless tracks. A harvesting head is attached to S the front of the control chassis and comprises the cutting means, chipping means and feeding means. An aft power chassis is hinged to the rear of the control chassis and is also mounted on a pair of driven endless tracks. Steering means are provided which interconnect the control chassis and the power chassis for varying the articulated angle between the control chassis and the power chassis to steer the harvester. Power supply means mounted on the power chassis supply motive power to the endless tracks, steering means, cutting means, chipping means, feeding means and other harvester equipment. Control means are mounted on the control chassis for controlling the application of power to all of the harvester equipment.
A chip storage bin may be mounted on one chassis, with a chip conduit connected to the chipping means for directing chips to the bin.
~hip unloading means are provided for tilting the bin to the side of the chassis to dump the chips therefrom.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The novel features of the invention are set out with particularity ( in the appended claims, but the invention will be understood more fullyand clearly from the following detailed description of the invention as set forth in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the complete harvester;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the same showing the chip storage bin in its tilted or unloading position;
Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the same;
Figure 4 is a front elevQtional view of the same;
Figure 5 is a side elevational view of the harvesting head shown in an upwardly tilted position;
Figure 6 is a top plan view of the harvester;
Figure 7 is a partial top plan view of one of the rotating disk cutters of the harvesting head;
Figure 8 is a sectional view of one of the cutting teeth and 117~73 tooth holders of the disk cutter taken along line 8-8 of Fig. 7;
Figure 8a is an end elevational view of the same taken along line 8a-8a of Fig. 8;
Figure 9 is a sectional view of another tooth and tooth holder of the disk cutter taken along line g-9 of Fig. 7;
Figure 9a is an end elevational view of the same taken along line 9a-9a of Fig. 9;
Figure 10 is an enlarged front elevational view of a portion of the harvesting head;
Figure 11 is a side sectional view of the harvesting head, taken along line 11-11 of Fig. l0, with parts removed to show the relationship of the working elements;
Figure 12 is a front elevational view of the chip storage bin taken along line 12-12 OI Fig. 6; and Figure 13 is a front elevational view of the same showing the Mn in its tilted or unloading position.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 6, the harvester according to the invention comprises a rear power section l00 which is pivotally connected at 200 to a forward control and chip storage section 300. A
harvesting head 400 is mounted on the front end of control section 300.
Power section l00 comprises a chassis l02 longitudinally pivotally supported on a pair of endless tracks 104. A power plant, such as a diesel engine, and suitable hydraulic pumps, coolers, hydraulic reservoirs and electrical generating equipment are carried within power housing 106. Power section l00 thus provides pressurized hydraulic fluid and electrical power for operating the various components of the harvester.
Tracks l04 are independently driven by separate hydrostatic drive motors 108, and independently pivoted at 107. A utility winch (not shown) may be carried at the rear end of power section l00.
Control and chip storage section 300 comprises a chassis 302 longitudinally pitotally supported on a pair of endless tracks 304. Tracks 304 are independently driven by separate hydrostratic drive motors 306, and independently pivoted at 30?. Chassis 302 supports a control cab 308 which houses an operator's seat and all of the appropriate controls 117~873 for operating the harvester. A chip storage bin 310 is also suported on chassis 302. The front wall of bin 310 has an opening 312 through which chips are propelled from the harvesting head 400. The right side of bin 310 comprises an upper door section 314 hinged to the upper edge of the bin, and a lower door section 316 hinged to the lower edge of the bin. Lower door section 316 is operated by means of hydraulic door cylinders 318 which interconnect door section 316 to the front and rear walls of the bin.
Power section 100 and control section 300 are pivotally interconnected by means of mating yokes 202 and 204, and a pivot pin 206 passing therethrough. Relative articulated movement of power section 100 and control section 300 is effected by means of hydraulic cylinders 210, which are used to steer the harvester. The left rear corner 311 of bin 310, and the right front corner 107 of power housing 106 are chamfered to provide clearance between power section 100 and control section 300 during sharp turning maneuvers.
Referring to Figures 12 and 13, the entire bin 310 is pivotally and slidably connected to the right upper edge of chassis 302. This is accomplished by meas of a pair of longitudinally spaced pivot pins 320 which are affixed to brackets 322 welded to chassis 302. Each pivot pin 320 is slidably received in a slot 324 formed in a transversely extending strut 326 affixed to the underside of bin 310. A pair of longitudinally spaced dogs 311 affixed to chassis 302 are adapted to mate with a pair of longitudinally spaced dogs 313 on bin 310 during tilting of the bin. Elevation and tilting movement of bin 310 is effected by front and rear hydraulic cyclinders 328 and 330, respectively, which pivotally interconnect chassis 302 with bin 310. As cylinders 328 and 330 are extended to raise bin 310, the entire bin slides sideways along pivot pins 320 to initially avoid dangerous lateral shifting of the center of gravity during tilting. The bin then pivots upwardly about pivot pins 320 while mating dogs 311 and 313 engage to provide lateral stability.
The lower right edge of bin 310 will then clear the upper run of track 304 when the bin is tilted. Lower door section 316 is opened by door cylinders 318, and provides a discharge ramp or chute for chips, carrying them over track 304 and onto a chip loading bed brought up beside the li7~873 harvester. Upper door section 314 swings open under the influence of gravity when the bin is tilted.
Referring to Figures 4 and 5, harvesting head 400 comprises a frame 402 which is pivotally mounted to the front of chassis 302 by means of a strut 404, a pair of height-adjusting hydraulic cylinders 406 connected to strut 404 and chassis 302, and a tilt-adjusting hydraulic cylinder 408 interconnecting frame 402 with chassis 302. The lower portion of frame 402 is provided with skids 410 which limit downward movement of harvesting head 400 so that the cutting mechanism will not come into contact with the ground, and further distribute the weight of the harvester to reduce soil pressure.
A pair of counterrotating disk cutters 412 are suitably journalled in bearings (not shown) near the bottom of frame 402. Referring to Figure 10, the disk cutters are mounted on vertic~l drive shafts 414 and 416 which extend to the upper portion of frame 402. Drive shaft 414 is driven through a gearbox 418 by an hydraulic motor 420. Drive shaft 416 is also driven by hydraulic motor 420 through gear box 418, coupling 424, shaft 426, coupling 428 and gearbox 430. Disk cutters 412 are thus synchronously driven in counterrotation at a high rate of speed by hydraulic motor 420, with their converging peripheries moving rearwardly at the center of harvesting head 400.
Disk cutters 412 carry cutting teeth 432 and 434 on their peripheries. (See Figures 7, 8, 8a, 9 and 9a). Teeth 432 are angled upwardly out of the plane of the disk, while teeth 434 are angled downwardly, the two types of teeth alternating around the periphery of the disk. The disk cutters therefore cut a wide kerf or notch in the trees and brush as the harvester advances. Teeth 432 and 434 are similarly mounted on disk 412 by means of a tooth retaining plate 436 and a bolt 438 which passes through plate 436 and the tooth and is threaded into disk 412 in recess 413. The leading faces 440 of the teeth are bevelled upwardly from their leading cutting edges 442 at an angle of approximately 25 to 65 above the plane of disk 412, 45 being the preferred angle. A reinforcing block 444 is welded to the periphery of the disk behind each cutting tooth.
Bevelled faces 440 of upper cutting teeth 432 act as wedges 117~873 against the wood above the kerf to exert a constant vertical force which propels the severed tree or brush upwsrdly away from the ground as the top surface of the disk 42 carries it rearwardly. This tooth design also enables the harvester to sever stumps up to four feet in diameter by essentially progressively chipping and splitting the stump.
A chipper 446 is mounted on frame 402 above and behind the converging portions of disk cutters 412. Chipper 446 is preferably a disk type chipper, such as the type disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,955,765 or U.S. Patent No. 4,057,192. Such a chipper comprises a disk 448 rotated within a housing 452 by a hydraulic motor 450. The face of the disk comprises a cutting surface to which brushwood and trees are fed over anvil 454. The high rotating speed of disk 448 quickly chops the brushwood and trees into chips, which are centrifugally propelled out of the housing 452 through a discharge chute or conduit 456 into bin 310 through opening 312.
Cut material is fed from disk cutters 412 to chipper 446 by counterrotating feed rollers 458 snd 460. These rollers are independently driven by separate hydraulic motors 459 and 461, respectively (see Figure 10), at a speed commensurate with the maximum feeding rate of material to chipper 446. The surfaces of rollers 458 and 460 carry serrated ribs 462 which are adapted to grip the material and feed it rearwardly.
The ribs of lower roller 460 are deeper than those of upper roller 458 to act as paddles which lift the butt ends of the cut material into the throat between the rollers. Lower roller 460 is preferably journalled in 2S frame 402 about a fixed axis slightly ahead of upper roller 458. Upper roller 458 is journalled at the ends of two links 464, which links are pivoted to frame 40a forwardly of roller 458. Links 464 may be allowed to freely pivot up and down under the influence of gravity and the material which is being fed between rollers 458 and 460. However, to provide more positive control of the material feed, two presser cylinders 466 are provided, one for each link 464, for positively moving links 464 downwardly (or upwardly if desired) to apply pressure to the material passing between the rollers. A deflector 468 extends across the lower portion of the opening occupied by rollers 458 and 460 to deflect 35 material upwardly into the throat betwen the rollers. Deflector 468 ~ 78873 may have a wear plate 470 screwed to its forward edge, which may be replaced when worn out.
The perimeter of harvesting head 400 is defined by a tubular space frame 472 which serves to envelop brush and trees and guide S them toward disk cutters 412 as the harvester moves forward. A movable portion 474 of this frame is pivoted to frame 402 at pivots 476, and may be moved forward and downward by a hydraulic cylinder 478.
Movable frame portion 474 is utilized to bend stiff brushwood and trees forward as they are cut in order to direct their top ends downwardly 10 and propel their butt ends rearwardly toward the feed rollers 458 and 460.
In operationl the harvester is driven forward into a stand of brushwood and trees. The rapidly moving upwardly and downwardly angled cutting teeth 432 and 434 of disk cutters 412 rapidly cut a wide 15 kerf in the standing material and propel the cut material upwardly while the top surfaces of disks 412 draw the butt ends of the material rearwardly. The butt ends of the material then encounter deflector 470, which deflects the material upwardly against lower roller 460 and into the throat between rollers 458 and 460. Upper roller 458 is forced 20 upwardly by the material and, as the two rollers counterrotate, the material is drawn in and propelled rearwardly over anvil 454 of chipper 446. Positive pressure may be applied to material between rollers 458 Qnd 460 by cylinders 466 to positively feed the material to the chipper.
If the throat between the rollers becomes clogged, the direction of 25 rotation of the rollers may be reversed to spit out the clogging material forwardly and clear the throat. The material is quickly reduced to chlps in chipper 446, which chips are blown through chute 456 through opening 312 into bin 310.
The relationship of the cutting, feeding and chipping mechanisms 30 is clearly shown in Figure 11, wherein a tree T has been severed, leaving Q stump S some 6 to 12 inches high. Ideally, cutting of standing brushwood and trees is most efficiently accomplished with the disk cutters sloped slightly downward in a forward direction, as illustrated in Fig. 11. This will enable the trailing portions of the disk cutters 412 35 to clear the stumps left behind. Stiff trees or brush may be forced 117~873 downwardly into a more favorable position for entrsnce into the throat between rollers 458 and 460 by means of movable frame section 474.
Skids 410 keep disk cutters 412 spaced a minimum distance above the ground so that they will not foul with dirt and wear prematurely.
5 Because the cut material is elevated by the bevelled leading faces of the cutter blades, none of it contacts the soil and therefore remains in a clean condition. This enables the mechanism of the harvesting head 400 to remain substantially clear of dirt and other foreign debris, such as rocks, which would prematurely wear the mechanism. In addition, 10 the chips blown into bin 310 are quite clean, so that they need not necessarily be washed of dirt prior to subsequent use. When bin 310 is substantially full, as can be ascertained by the operator through the rear window of cab 308 and opening 312, forward motion of the harvester is arrested and bin 310 is tilted to dump its contents onto a chip loading 15 bed or a suitable hoppered vehicle which may be driven up alongside the harvester.
The endless track construction of the harvester provides a large ground contacting surface area for distributing the weight of the machine.
The pivotal connections between the tracks and the two chassis enable 20 each track to independently conform to the terrain irrespective of the motions of the other tracks, to maximize ground contact and minimize soil pressure. The maximum soil pressure exerted by the harvester is only approximately 7.5 pounds per square inch. This low soil loading makes this harvester especially well adapted for brush and tree clearing 25 in wet, soft, boggy terrain, where conventional wheeled vehicles would have great difficulty. In addition, its articulated steering mechanism enables It to maneuver very effectively in tight spaces. A substantially uniform width of the harvester enables it to clear a swath approximately eight feet wide, and the large capacity of bin 310 enables the harvester 30 to proceed for approximately one half mile before the chips must be unloaded.
As the harvester proceeds to cut a continuous swath of brush and trees, it might be desirable to selectively thin side rows of the tree plantation by means of a knuckle-boom loader with a shear and grapple 35 mounted on the harvester. Such a loader could be manipulated to 117~873 selectively harvest trees from side rows and feed them to the throat between rollers 458 and 460 of harvesting head 400. It will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art that numerous other modifications may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the 5 invention which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
' 117t~8~73 such as rights of way under power lines, rangeland and the like.
Brushwood and small trees which are burned amount to a totally wasted energy source. If this material could be harvested and converted into 8 smaller form, such as chips, it would represent a new energy 5 source capable of providing, for example, an appreciable portion of the fuel required to fire the boilers and other equipment in paper making mills and the like. It is estimated that the brushwood and trees harvested from one acre of timberland can yield as much as fifteen tons (1200 cu.ft.) of chips, depending on the growth density. However, 10 there are many obstacles to be overcome in the design a machine capable of doing this. In southern timberlands, for example, the earth is fairly flat but often quite soft or boggy due to a high moisture content. Ordinary wheeled vehicles supporting the heavy machinery necessary to accomplish these tasks would exert unacceptably high earth 15 loading pressures on soil of this type, resulting in undesirable loss of maneuverability, root damage, soil compaction, disruption of the naturally occurring nutrient layers, and increased soil erosion.-One proposed solution for accomplishing some of these objectivesis disclosed in Pallartri U.S. Patent No. 3,996,980. The machine there 20 described has a harvesting head mounted at the front of a tractor-type wheeled vehicle. The harvesting head comprises a pair of counterrotating shearing blade assemblies which cut brush and small trees in the path of the machine close to the ground as the machine moves forward.
Two vertical f eed rollers deliver the cut material rearwardly of the 25 machine to a chipper, which reduces the cut material to chips. The chips may be deposlted on the ground or onto a chip loading bed towed behind the tractor. One ma~or drawback Or this machine is that it is not capable of cutting and chipping trees larger than 6 inches in diameter.
It is very often desirable to be able to remove larger trees, up to 12 30 or 15 inches in diameter, which compete with harvestable timber, but which are too small for any practical use.
Other types of machines are available which may cut and/or chip selected trees, but these must be carefully maneuvered into position to harvest these selected trees and are not capable of clearing all of the 35 smaller brushwood in their paths as they move forward. Many of these ,, ~7~8'73 3~
machines deposit the cut material directly on the ground and then drag it along the ground to a chipper. The dirt which then adheres to the material tends to foul and rapidly wear the equipment, and must be washed from the chips prior to their subsequent use.
A strong need therefore exists for a nonpolluting device which is capable of clearing and cleanly chipping brushwood and trees of a size up to approximately 15 inches in diameter, where this vegetation would compete with harvestable trees of larger size.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide a machine which will economi-cally harvest brushwood and trees which heretofore have been destroyed.
An object of an aspect of the invention is to provide such a machine which will not pollute the environ-ment.
An object of an aspect of the invention is to povide such a machine which can be easily operated and maneuvered over soft or boggy ground and in somewhat dense forest.
An object of an aspect of the invention is to provide such a machine which will harvest brushwood and trees without permitting the harvested material to come into contact with the ground, and will reduce the harvest-ed material to clean chips for subsequent use.
An object of an aspect of the invention is to provide such a machine which is capable of on board storage of a substantial quantity of chips so as to avoid inefficient frequent dumping thereof.
An aspect of the invention is as follows:
,:,J
117~8t73 - 3a -A mobile, self-propelled brush and tree harvester for cutting brush and trees above and close to soft, boggy ground and reducing the cut material to chips, comprising:
a forward control chassis mounted on a pair of dr:iven endless tracks;
an aft power chassis hinged to the rear of said control chassis and mounted on a pair of driven endless tracks;
a harvesting head attached to the front of said control chassis and comprising cutting means for cutting brush and trees close to the ground, chipping means for reducing the cut material to chips, and feeding means for feeding the cut material from said cutting means to said chipping means;
steering means interconnecting said con~rol chassis and said power chassis for varying the articulated angle between said control chassis and said power chassis to steer the harvester;
power supply means mounted on said power chassis for supplying motive power to said endless tracks, steering means, cutting means, chipping means, feeding means and other harvester equipment; and control means mounted on said control chassis for controlling the application of power to said harvester equipment.
The term "saw-type" is intended to encompass any cutting tooth which cuts a kerf or notch as it moves through material, as distinguished from 117~8~3 shearing-type cutting means which shear material with a scissor-like action between two converging surf aces.
The harvester may comprise a forward control ~hassis mounted on a pair of driven endless tracks. A harvesting head is attached to S the front of the control chassis and comprises the cutting means, chipping means and feeding means. An aft power chassis is hinged to the rear of the control chassis and is also mounted on a pair of driven endless tracks. Steering means are provided which interconnect the control chassis and the power chassis for varying the articulated angle between the control chassis and the power chassis to steer the harvester. Power supply means mounted on the power chassis supply motive power to the endless tracks, steering means, cutting means, chipping means, feeding means and other harvester equipment. Control means are mounted on the control chassis for controlling the application of power to all of the harvester equipment.
A chip storage bin may be mounted on one chassis, with a chip conduit connected to the chipping means for directing chips to the bin.
~hip unloading means are provided for tilting the bin to the side of the chassis to dump the chips therefrom.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The novel features of the invention are set out with particularity ( in the appended claims, but the invention will be understood more fullyand clearly from the following detailed description of the invention as set forth in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the complete harvester;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the same showing the chip storage bin in its tilted or unloading position;
Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the same;
Figure 4 is a front elevQtional view of the same;
Figure 5 is a side elevational view of the harvesting head shown in an upwardly tilted position;
Figure 6 is a top plan view of the harvester;
Figure 7 is a partial top plan view of one of the rotating disk cutters of the harvesting head;
Figure 8 is a sectional view of one of the cutting teeth and 117~73 tooth holders of the disk cutter taken along line 8-8 of Fig. 7;
Figure 8a is an end elevational view of the same taken along line 8a-8a of Fig. 8;
Figure 9 is a sectional view of another tooth and tooth holder of the disk cutter taken along line g-9 of Fig. 7;
Figure 9a is an end elevational view of the same taken along line 9a-9a of Fig. 9;
Figure 10 is an enlarged front elevational view of a portion of the harvesting head;
Figure 11 is a side sectional view of the harvesting head, taken along line 11-11 of Fig. l0, with parts removed to show the relationship of the working elements;
Figure 12 is a front elevational view of the chip storage bin taken along line 12-12 OI Fig. 6; and Figure 13 is a front elevational view of the same showing the Mn in its tilted or unloading position.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 6, the harvester according to the invention comprises a rear power section l00 which is pivotally connected at 200 to a forward control and chip storage section 300. A
harvesting head 400 is mounted on the front end of control section 300.
Power section l00 comprises a chassis l02 longitudinally pivotally supported on a pair of endless tracks 104. A power plant, such as a diesel engine, and suitable hydraulic pumps, coolers, hydraulic reservoirs and electrical generating equipment are carried within power housing 106. Power section l00 thus provides pressurized hydraulic fluid and electrical power for operating the various components of the harvester.
Tracks l04 are independently driven by separate hydrostatic drive motors 108, and independently pivoted at 107. A utility winch (not shown) may be carried at the rear end of power section l00.
Control and chip storage section 300 comprises a chassis 302 longitudinally pitotally supported on a pair of endless tracks 304. Tracks 304 are independently driven by separate hydrostratic drive motors 306, and independently pivoted at 30?. Chassis 302 supports a control cab 308 which houses an operator's seat and all of the appropriate controls 117~873 for operating the harvester. A chip storage bin 310 is also suported on chassis 302. The front wall of bin 310 has an opening 312 through which chips are propelled from the harvesting head 400. The right side of bin 310 comprises an upper door section 314 hinged to the upper edge of the bin, and a lower door section 316 hinged to the lower edge of the bin. Lower door section 316 is operated by means of hydraulic door cylinders 318 which interconnect door section 316 to the front and rear walls of the bin.
Power section 100 and control section 300 are pivotally interconnected by means of mating yokes 202 and 204, and a pivot pin 206 passing therethrough. Relative articulated movement of power section 100 and control section 300 is effected by means of hydraulic cylinders 210, which are used to steer the harvester. The left rear corner 311 of bin 310, and the right front corner 107 of power housing 106 are chamfered to provide clearance between power section 100 and control section 300 during sharp turning maneuvers.
Referring to Figures 12 and 13, the entire bin 310 is pivotally and slidably connected to the right upper edge of chassis 302. This is accomplished by meas of a pair of longitudinally spaced pivot pins 320 which are affixed to brackets 322 welded to chassis 302. Each pivot pin 320 is slidably received in a slot 324 formed in a transversely extending strut 326 affixed to the underside of bin 310. A pair of longitudinally spaced dogs 311 affixed to chassis 302 are adapted to mate with a pair of longitudinally spaced dogs 313 on bin 310 during tilting of the bin. Elevation and tilting movement of bin 310 is effected by front and rear hydraulic cyclinders 328 and 330, respectively, which pivotally interconnect chassis 302 with bin 310. As cylinders 328 and 330 are extended to raise bin 310, the entire bin slides sideways along pivot pins 320 to initially avoid dangerous lateral shifting of the center of gravity during tilting. The bin then pivots upwardly about pivot pins 320 while mating dogs 311 and 313 engage to provide lateral stability.
The lower right edge of bin 310 will then clear the upper run of track 304 when the bin is tilted. Lower door section 316 is opened by door cylinders 318, and provides a discharge ramp or chute for chips, carrying them over track 304 and onto a chip loading bed brought up beside the li7~873 harvester. Upper door section 314 swings open under the influence of gravity when the bin is tilted.
Referring to Figures 4 and 5, harvesting head 400 comprises a frame 402 which is pivotally mounted to the front of chassis 302 by means of a strut 404, a pair of height-adjusting hydraulic cylinders 406 connected to strut 404 and chassis 302, and a tilt-adjusting hydraulic cylinder 408 interconnecting frame 402 with chassis 302. The lower portion of frame 402 is provided with skids 410 which limit downward movement of harvesting head 400 so that the cutting mechanism will not come into contact with the ground, and further distribute the weight of the harvester to reduce soil pressure.
A pair of counterrotating disk cutters 412 are suitably journalled in bearings (not shown) near the bottom of frame 402. Referring to Figure 10, the disk cutters are mounted on vertic~l drive shafts 414 and 416 which extend to the upper portion of frame 402. Drive shaft 414 is driven through a gearbox 418 by an hydraulic motor 420. Drive shaft 416 is also driven by hydraulic motor 420 through gear box 418, coupling 424, shaft 426, coupling 428 and gearbox 430. Disk cutters 412 are thus synchronously driven in counterrotation at a high rate of speed by hydraulic motor 420, with their converging peripheries moving rearwardly at the center of harvesting head 400.
Disk cutters 412 carry cutting teeth 432 and 434 on their peripheries. (See Figures 7, 8, 8a, 9 and 9a). Teeth 432 are angled upwardly out of the plane of the disk, while teeth 434 are angled downwardly, the two types of teeth alternating around the periphery of the disk. The disk cutters therefore cut a wide kerf or notch in the trees and brush as the harvester advances. Teeth 432 and 434 are similarly mounted on disk 412 by means of a tooth retaining plate 436 and a bolt 438 which passes through plate 436 and the tooth and is threaded into disk 412 in recess 413. The leading faces 440 of the teeth are bevelled upwardly from their leading cutting edges 442 at an angle of approximately 25 to 65 above the plane of disk 412, 45 being the preferred angle. A reinforcing block 444 is welded to the periphery of the disk behind each cutting tooth.
Bevelled faces 440 of upper cutting teeth 432 act as wedges 117~873 against the wood above the kerf to exert a constant vertical force which propels the severed tree or brush upwsrdly away from the ground as the top surface of the disk 42 carries it rearwardly. This tooth design also enables the harvester to sever stumps up to four feet in diameter by essentially progressively chipping and splitting the stump.
A chipper 446 is mounted on frame 402 above and behind the converging portions of disk cutters 412. Chipper 446 is preferably a disk type chipper, such as the type disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,955,765 or U.S. Patent No. 4,057,192. Such a chipper comprises a disk 448 rotated within a housing 452 by a hydraulic motor 450. The face of the disk comprises a cutting surface to which brushwood and trees are fed over anvil 454. The high rotating speed of disk 448 quickly chops the brushwood and trees into chips, which are centrifugally propelled out of the housing 452 through a discharge chute or conduit 456 into bin 310 through opening 312.
Cut material is fed from disk cutters 412 to chipper 446 by counterrotating feed rollers 458 snd 460. These rollers are independently driven by separate hydraulic motors 459 and 461, respectively (see Figure 10), at a speed commensurate with the maximum feeding rate of material to chipper 446. The surfaces of rollers 458 and 460 carry serrated ribs 462 which are adapted to grip the material and feed it rearwardly.
The ribs of lower roller 460 are deeper than those of upper roller 458 to act as paddles which lift the butt ends of the cut material into the throat between the rollers. Lower roller 460 is preferably journalled in 2S frame 402 about a fixed axis slightly ahead of upper roller 458. Upper roller 458 is journalled at the ends of two links 464, which links are pivoted to frame 40a forwardly of roller 458. Links 464 may be allowed to freely pivot up and down under the influence of gravity and the material which is being fed between rollers 458 and 460. However, to provide more positive control of the material feed, two presser cylinders 466 are provided, one for each link 464, for positively moving links 464 downwardly (or upwardly if desired) to apply pressure to the material passing between the rollers. A deflector 468 extends across the lower portion of the opening occupied by rollers 458 and 460 to deflect 35 material upwardly into the throat betwen the rollers. Deflector 468 ~ 78873 may have a wear plate 470 screwed to its forward edge, which may be replaced when worn out.
The perimeter of harvesting head 400 is defined by a tubular space frame 472 which serves to envelop brush and trees and guide S them toward disk cutters 412 as the harvester moves forward. A movable portion 474 of this frame is pivoted to frame 402 at pivots 476, and may be moved forward and downward by a hydraulic cylinder 478.
Movable frame portion 474 is utilized to bend stiff brushwood and trees forward as they are cut in order to direct their top ends downwardly 10 and propel their butt ends rearwardly toward the feed rollers 458 and 460.
In operationl the harvester is driven forward into a stand of brushwood and trees. The rapidly moving upwardly and downwardly angled cutting teeth 432 and 434 of disk cutters 412 rapidly cut a wide 15 kerf in the standing material and propel the cut material upwardly while the top surfaces of disks 412 draw the butt ends of the material rearwardly. The butt ends of the material then encounter deflector 470, which deflects the material upwardly against lower roller 460 and into the throat between rollers 458 and 460. Upper roller 458 is forced 20 upwardly by the material and, as the two rollers counterrotate, the material is drawn in and propelled rearwardly over anvil 454 of chipper 446. Positive pressure may be applied to material between rollers 458 Qnd 460 by cylinders 466 to positively feed the material to the chipper.
If the throat between the rollers becomes clogged, the direction of 25 rotation of the rollers may be reversed to spit out the clogging material forwardly and clear the throat. The material is quickly reduced to chlps in chipper 446, which chips are blown through chute 456 through opening 312 into bin 310.
The relationship of the cutting, feeding and chipping mechanisms 30 is clearly shown in Figure 11, wherein a tree T has been severed, leaving Q stump S some 6 to 12 inches high. Ideally, cutting of standing brushwood and trees is most efficiently accomplished with the disk cutters sloped slightly downward in a forward direction, as illustrated in Fig. 11. This will enable the trailing portions of the disk cutters 412 35 to clear the stumps left behind. Stiff trees or brush may be forced 117~873 downwardly into a more favorable position for entrsnce into the throat between rollers 458 and 460 by means of movable frame section 474.
Skids 410 keep disk cutters 412 spaced a minimum distance above the ground so that they will not foul with dirt and wear prematurely.
5 Because the cut material is elevated by the bevelled leading faces of the cutter blades, none of it contacts the soil and therefore remains in a clean condition. This enables the mechanism of the harvesting head 400 to remain substantially clear of dirt and other foreign debris, such as rocks, which would prematurely wear the mechanism. In addition, 10 the chips blown into bin 310 are quite clean, so that they need not necessarily be washed of dirt prior to subsequent use. When bin 310 is substantially full, as can be ascertained by the operator through the rear window of cab 308 and opening 312, forward motion of the harvester is arrested and bin 310 is tilted to dump its contents onto a chip loading 15 bed or a suitable hoppered vehicle which may be driven up alongside the harvester.
The endless track construction of the harvester provides a large ground contacting surface area for distributing the weight of the machine.
The pivotal connections between the tracks and the two chassis enable 20 each track to independently conform to the terrain irrespective of the motions of the other tracks, to maximize ground contact and minimize soil pressure. The maximum soil pressure exerted by the harvester is only approximately 7.5 pounds per square inch. This low soil loading makes this harvester especially well adapted for brush and tree clearing 25 in wet, soft, boggy terrain, where conventional wheeled vehicles would have great difficulty. In addition, its articulated steering mechanism enables It to maneuver very effectively in tight spaces. A substantially uniform width of the harvester enables it to clear a swath approximately eight feet wide, and the large capacity of bin 310 enables the harvester 30 to proceed for approximately one half mile before the chips must be unloaded.
As the harvester proceeds to cut a continuous swath of brush and trees, it might be desirable to selectively thin side rows of the tree plantation by means of a knuckle-boom loader with a shear and grapple 35 mounted on the harvester. Such a loader could be manipulated to 117~873 selectively harvest trees from side rows and feed them to the throat between rollers 458 and 460 of harvesting head 400. It will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art that numerous other modifications may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the 5 invention which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A mobile, self-propelled brush and tree harvester for cutting brush and trees above and close to soft, boggy ground and reducing the cut material to chips, comprising:
a forward control chassis mounted on a pair of driven endless tracks;
an aft power chassis hinged to the rear of said control chassis and mounted on a pair of driven endless tracks;
a harvesting head attached to the front of said control chassis and comprising cutting means for cutting brush and trees close to the ground, chipping means for reducing the cut material to chips, and feeding means for feeding the cut material from said cutting means to said chipping means;
steering means interconnecting said control chassis and said power chassis for varying the articulated angle between said control chassis and said power chassis to steer the harvester;
power supply means mounted on said power chassis for supplying motive power to said endless tracks, steering means, cutting means, chipping means, feeding means and other harvester equipment; and control means mounted on said control chassis for controlling the application of power to said harvester equipment.
a forward control chassis mounted on a pair of driven endless tracks;
an aft power chassis hinged to the rear of said control chassis and mounted on a pair of driven endless tracks;
a harvesting head attached to the front of said control chassis and comprising cutting means for cutting brush and trees close to the ground, chipping means for reducing the cut material to chips, and feeding means for feeding the cut material from said cutting means to said chipping means;
steering means interconnecting said control chassis and said power chassis for varying the articulated angle between said control chassis and said power chassis to steer the harvester;
power supply means mounted on said power chassis for supplying motive power to said endless tracks, steering means, cutting means, chipping means, feeding means and other harvester equipment; and control means mounted on said control chassis for controlling the application of power to said harvester equipment.
2. A harvester according to claim 1 further comprising a chip storage bin mounted on said control chassis, and a chip conduit connected to said chipping means for directing chips into said bin.
3. A harvester according to claim 2 further comprising chip unloading means for tilting said bin to one side of said control chassis to dump chips therefrom.
4. A harvester according to claim 3 wherein said tracks and said bin extend beyond the side edges of said control chassis, and said unloading means comprises means for tilting said bin to one side of said control chassis and repositioning said bin with the lower of its bottom side edges closer to said control chassis than it is when said bin is not tilted.
5. A harvester according to claim 4 further comprising a discharge door hinged to said lower bottom side edge of said bin, and said chip unloading means further comprises a power door cylinder interconnecting said bin and said door for lowering said door to an open position to overlie the adjacent track when said bin is tilted and serve as a chute for chips dumped from said bin by directing said chips to a location alongside said adjacent track.
6. A harvester according to claim 4 or 5 wherein said unloading means comprises a pair of aligned, spaced pivot pins mounted on said control chassis;
a pair of spaced parallel slotted supports affixed to the underside of said bin adjacent said lower bottom side edge thereof and extending transversely of said control chassis, each slotted support receiving one of said pivot pins therein; and at least one power tilt cylinder interconnecting said control chassis and said bin for raising said bin so that it slides along said pivot pins until said lower bottom side edge of said bin is adjacent to said control chassis.
a pair of spaced parallel slotted supports affixed to the underside of said bin adjacent said lower bottom side edge thereof and extending transversely of said control chassis, each slotted support receiving one of said pivot pins therein; and at least one power tilt cylinder interconnecting said control chassis and said bin for raising said bin so that it slides along said pivot pins until said lower bottom side edge of said bin is adjacent to said control chassis.
7. A harvester according to claim 1 further comprising pitch control means for adjusting the vertical pitch of said harvesting head relative to said control chassis.
8. A harvester according to claim 7 further comprising bottom skid means mounted on the bottom of said harvesting head for engaging the ground to maintain said cutting means above the ground and distribute the weight of the harvesting head.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000426678A CA1178873A (en) | 1979-10-19 | 1983-04-25 | Tree and brushwood harvester |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US86,575 | 1979-10-19 | ||
| US06/086,575 US4338985A (en) | 1979-10-19 | 1979-10-19 | Tree and brushwood harvester |
| CA000362722A CA1163174A (en) | 1979-10-19 | 1980-10-17 | Tree and brushwood harvester |
| CA000426678A CA1178873A (en) | 1979-10-19 | 1983-04-25 | Tree and brushwood harvester |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000426678A Division CA1178873A (en) | 1979-10-19 | 1983-04-25 | Tree and brushwood harvester |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000426678A Division CA1178873A (en) | 1979-10-19 | 1983-04-25 | Tree and brushwood harvester |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1178873A true CA1178873A (en) | 1984-12-04 |
Family
ID=27166857
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000426678A Expired CA1178873A (en) | 1979-10-19 | 1983-04-25 | Tree and brushwood harvester |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1178873A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-04-25 CA CA000426678A patent/CA1178873A/en not_active Expired
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4338985A (en) | Tree and brushwood harvester | |
| US3818957A (en) | Land clearing and tree planting site preparation apparatus | |
| US4236554A (en) | Land clearing machine | |
| US4365927A (en) | Slash recovery system | |
| US4355670A (en) | Forestry site preparation system | |
| CA1161342A (en) | Method and apparatus for felling trees | |
| US4530385A (en) | Apparatus for removing tree stumps | |
| US3661333A (en) | Tree destroyer | |
| CA1053127A (en) | Whole tree reducing apparatus | |
| US4018255A (en) | Tree saw | |
| US7096900B2 (en) | Tree cutting attachment for work vehicle | |
| US4569379A (en) | Tree harvester | |
| US3979075A (en) | Machines for cutting wood and other ligneous materials into small pieces | |
| US4784195A (en) | Apparatus and method for harvesting woody plantations | |
| US4621668A (en) | Apparatus for removing tree stumps and splitting logs | |
| US5107664A (en) | Vegetable topper and method for topping tuber vegetables | |
| US5603204A (en) | Aquatic plant harvester | |
| US3868982A (en) | Method of harvesting and accumulating trees | |
| US3970125A (en) | Tree cutting apparatus | |
| CS207359B2 (en) | Facility for separating the sappy fodder,for lifting the separated block of fooder and for transport thereof for the desired place | |
| US4440202A (en) | Tree delimber | |
| CA1178873A (en) | Tree and brushwood harvester | |
| US4445552A (en) | Saw blade construction useful in the continuous harvesting of trees | |
| CN212278889U (en) | A crawler-type shrub harvester | |
| CA1176543A (en) | Tree and brushwood harvester |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |