CA1170949A - Liquid detergent composition - Google Patents

Abstract

LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITION

Abstract:
Aqueous liquid dishwashing detergent compositions are prepared containing from about 10% to about 50% of an anionic surfactant, from about 2% to about 20% of a relatively highly ethoxylated draining promoting nonionic surfactant, from about 1.5% to about 10% of a suds stabilizing nonionic sur-factant, and from about 20% to about 88% water. The compositions exhibit advantages of less filming and spotting for tableware washed in dilute solutions of the compositions after rinsing and drain drying.

Description

~ ~ 7~g~g Technical Field and Background Art The invention relates to aqueous high sudsing liquid detergent compositions containing specified amounts and types of surfactants especially useful in the washing of tableware, kitchenware and other hard surfaces.
The compositions of this invention provide more complete drainage of rinse water from surfaces such as glass, ceramics and metal, thereby reducing spotting and filming, particularly in a dishwashing procedure that involves drain 10 drying without towel drying and polishing.
The performance of a detergent composition for cleaning glasses, dishes, and other articles with a normally shiny surface is evaluated by the consumer in terms of shine and the absence of filming, streaking, and spotting. The liquid dishwashing detergent compositions presently on the market are designed to remove the soils from glasses, dishes, and other tableware and kitchen utensils. The detergent solution and redeposited soil residues are normally removed from the washed articles by rinsing and optionally by towel drying the 20 articles when they are still wet. If not rinsed and towel dried, these residues can dry upon the surfaces of the washed articles, leaving films, streaks, or spots.
Even when such articles are entirely clean but rinsed in plain water containing dissolved salts such as water hard-ness, spots and streaks can appear on the washed and rinsed surfaces upon evaporation of the water.
Towel drying of washed articles, e.g. glasses and dishes, immediately after removal from the washing and rinsing solution, is undesirable from the standpoints of convenience 30 and hygiene. Therefore, it is common practice to put the washed or washed and rinsed articles aside for draining and air-drying. Consequently, the cleaning efficacy of the product used, which the housewife may have visually appreci-ated at the end of the washing or rinsing cycle, is diminished due to the adherence of redeposited soil, residual dried detergent, and water hardness residues.
U.S. Patent 3,963,649, Spadini et al, discloses liquid detergent compositions containing a nonionic surfactant and a water-soluble gel-forming gelatin. These compositions 40 are said to minimize filming, streaking and spotting of table-X ~

1 1 ~09~g ware and kitchen utensils. The essential nonionic surfactantmay be a tertiary amine or phosphine oxide, an amide or a condensation product of ethylene oxide and an organic hydro-phobic compound.
U.S. Patent 3,983,079, Spadini et 21, discloses dishwashing detergent compositions said to have good rinse water draining characteristics. The compositions contain a water-soluble quaternary ammonium compound, a nonionic sur-factant containing both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide 10 and a sultaine or betaine zwitterionic surfactant.
U.S. Patent 4,144,201, Winterbotham et al, discloses liquid dishwashing detergent compositions containing soluble casein to improve drain-dry and mildness properties.
Belgium Patent 845,184 discloses liquid and granular dishwashing detergent compositions containing one or more specified classes of surfactants to ensure rapid drainage and provide a shiny surface.
It is an object of the present invention to provide liquid detergent compositions and a process for dishwashing 20 that promote rapid and relatively complete drainage of rinse water thereby reducing spotting and filming on surfaces such as glass, ceramics and metal.
There is a continuing need for compositions and methods which can be employed during dishwashing operations to improve the final dry appearance of washed and dried kitchen utensils and articles. If such compositions and methods are intended to be useful for conventional dishwashing soil removal operations, there is a continuing need for a compatible combination of materials which will simultaneously provide the 30 surfactancy, sudsing, and mildness attributes of an acceptable dishwashing detergent composition as well as the anti-spotting and anti-filming benefits described above.
Summary of the Invention The present invention comprises a liquid detergent composition containing by weight:
a) from about 10~ to about 50~ of an anionic sur-factant;
b) from about 1~ to about 20~ of a drainage promoting nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of:
i) an ethoxylated aliphatic alcohol of the formula R(OC2H4)nOH

~ 1 70949 wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical containing from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms, wherein n is from about 16 to about 100;
ii) an ethoxylated alkyl phenol of the formula R(C2H4) OH
wherein R is an alkyl phenyl radical containing a total of from about 18 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one alkyl group containing at least about 12 carbon atoms wherein n is from about 16 to about 100;
iii) the condensation product of mono C16_22 fatty acid esters of polyglycols with from about 13 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of the mono-ester;
iv) the condensation product of cholesterol and from about 13 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide;
v) a material which is a condensate of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and a compound containing hydroxy or amine groups onto which alkylene oxides can be polymerized, said polymer having a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 15,000, an ethylene oxide content of from about 30% to about 70% by weight and a propylene oxide content of from about 30% to about 70% by weight; and vi) mixtures thereof;
c) from about 1.5% to about 10~ of a suds stabilizing nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of amides, amine oxides and mixtures thereof;
d) from 0% to about 10% of a detergency builder selected 30 from inorganic phosphates, polyphosphates, silicates, and carbonates, organic carboxylates, phosphonates and mixtures thereof; and e) from about 20% to about 88% water.
In the process or method aspect of the invention, dish-ware, glassware, and other tableware and kitchenware are washed in water solutions of the detergent composition, generally at a weight concentration of about 0.05% to about 0.4% of the composition in water at a temperature of about 80F to about 120F. The tableware and kitchenware are then rinsed, drained, 40 and allowed to dry in a rack or other means of separation.

Detailed Description of the Invention The liquid detergent compositions of the present invention contain three essential components:
a) an anionic surfactant b) a drainage promoting ethoxylated nonionic sur-factant c) a suds stabilizing nonionic surfactant d) water Optional ingredients can be added to provide various performance and aesthetic characteristics.
Anionic_Surfactant The compositions of this invention contain from about 10% to about 50% by weight of an anionic surfactant or mixtures thereof. Preferred compositions contain from about 20~ to about 35% of anionic surfactant by weight.
Most anionic detergents can be broadly described as the water-soluble salts, particularly the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and amine salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals. Included in the term alkyl is the alkyl portion of acyl radicals. Examples of the anionic synthetic detergents which can form the surfactant component of the compositions of the present invention are the sodium, ammonium, potassium or magnesium alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C8-C18 carbon atoms) sodium or magnesium alkyl benzene or alkyl toluene sulfonates, in which the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms, the alkyl radical being either a straight or branched aliphatic chain; sodium or magnesium paraffin sulfonates and olefin sulfonates in which the alkyl or alkenyl group contains from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms; sodium C10 20 alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil;
sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodium, ammonium or magnesium salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates with about 1 to about 30 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and in which the alkyl radicals contain from 8 to about 12 carbon atoms; the reaction ~ 1 70949 products of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide where, for example, the fatty acids are derived from coconut oil; sodium or potassium salts of fatty acid amides of a methyl tauride in which the fatty acids, for example, are derived from coconut oil and sodium or potassium beta-acetoxy or beta-acetamido-alkane-sulfonates where the alkane has from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
Specific examples of alkyl sulfate salts which can be employed in the instant detergent compositions include sodium lauryl alkyl sulfate, sodium stearyl alkyl sulfate, sodium palmityl alkyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium myristyl alkyl sulfate, potassium lauryl alkyl sulfate, potassium stearyl alkyl sulfate, potassium decyl sulfate, potassium palmityl alkyl sulfate, potassium myristyl alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, magnesium dodecyl sulfate, potassium tallow alkyl sulfate, sodium tallow alkyl sulfate, sodium coconut alkyl sulfate, potassium coconut alkyl sulfate, magne-sium C12 15 alkyl sulfate and mixtures of these surfactants.
Preferred alkyl sulfates include sodium C12 15 alkyl sulfates and magnesium C12_15 alkyl sulfate-Suitable alkylbenzene or alkyltoluene sulfonates include the alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium), alkaline earth (calcium, magnesium) ammonium and alkanolamine salts of straight or branched-chain alkylbenzene or alkyltoluene sulfonic acids. Alkylbenzene sulfonic acids useful as pre-cursors for these surfactants include decyl benzene sulfonic acid, undecyl benzene sulfonic acid, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, tridecyl benzene sulfonic acid, tetrapropylene benzene sulfonic acid and mixtures thereof. Preferred sulfonic acids as precursors of the alkyl-benzene sulfonates useful for compositions herein are those in which the alkyl chain is linear and averages about 11 to 13 carbon atoms in length. Examples of commercially available alkyl benzene sulfonic acids useful in the present invention include Conoco~ SA 515 and SA 597 marketed by the Continental Oil Company and Calsoft~ LAS 99 marketed by the Pilot Chemical Company.
Particularly preferred anionic surfactants useful herein are alkyl ether sulfates having the formula RO(C2H4O)XSO3M
wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 30, and M is a water-soluble cation. The ,~
~ .

I ~ 70949 alkyl ether sulfates useful in the present invention are condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols having from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
Preferably, R has 10 to 16 carbon atoms. The alcohols can be derived from natural fats, e.g., coconut oil or tallow, or can be synthetic. Such alcohols are reacted with 1 to 30, and especially 1 to 12, molar proportions of ethylene oxide and the resulting mixture of molecular species is sulfated and neutralized.
Specific examples of alkyl ether sulfates of the present invention are sodium coconut alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, magnesium C12_15 alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, and sodium tallow alkyl hexaoxy ethylene sulfate.
Preferred alkyl ether sulfates are those comprising a mixture of individual compounds, said mixture having an average alkyl chain length of from about 12 to 16 carbon atoms and an average degree of ethoxylation of from about 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide.
Additional examples of anionic surfactants useful herein 20 are the compounds which contain two anionic functional groups.
These are referred to as dianionic surfactants. Suitable di-anionic surfactants are the disulfonates, disulfates, or mix-tures thereof which may be represented by the following formula:
( 3)2M2'R(sO4)2M2~R(so3)(so4)M2 where R is an acylclic aliphatic hydrocarbyl group having 15 to 20 carbon atoms and M is a water-solubilizing cation, for example, the C15 to C20 disodium 1,2-alkyldisulfates, C15 to C20 dipotassium-1,2-alkyldisulfonates or disulfates, di-sodium l,9-hexadecyl disulfates, C15 to C20 disodium 1,2-alkyldisul-30 fonates, disodium l,9-stearyldisulfates and 6,10-octadecyl-disulfates.
Drainage Promoting Ethoxylated Nonionic Surfactant The ethoxylated nonionic surfactants of the present invention are the condensation product of alcohols, alkyl phenols and other specified hydrophobic molecules with ethylene oxide. The materials hereinafter disclosed have not been used in aqueous liquid detergent compositions having the required formulation characteristics of the present invention. Their ability to improve rinse water drainage characteristics had 40 not been recognized. Suds stabilizing nonionic surfactants ~' 1~

~ I 70949 hereinafter described have been in general use, but by them-selves do not provide the improved drainage characteristics.
Preferably, the compositions of the present invention contain from about 2% to about 20~, more preferably from about 3% to about 12%, and most preferably from about 3~ to about 8~, of drainage promoting ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols of the formula (C~H4)nH
wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical containing from 10 about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms, wherein n is from about 16 to about 100.
Other ethoxylated nonionic surfactants at a level of from about 2% to about 20% can provide the drainage promoting characteristics of ethoxylated alcohols, but are less desirable for reasons of biodegradability and effect on sudsing or cleaning performance. Examples of such alternate ethoxylated nonionic surfactants are:
1) an ethoxylated alkyl phenol of the formula R(OC2H4)nOH
wherein R is an alkyl phenyl radical containing a total of from about 18 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one alkyl group containing at least about 12 carbon atoms wherein n is from about 16 to about 100;

2) the condensation product of mono C16 22 fatty acid esters of polyglycols with from about 13 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of partial ester;

3) the condensation product of cholesterol and from about 13 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide;

4) a material which is a condensate of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and a compound containing hydroxy or amine groups onto which the alkylene oxides can be polymerized, said polymer having a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 15,000, an ethylene oxide content of from about 30% to about 70% by weight and a propylene oxide content of from about 30~ to about 70% by weight.
In a particularly preferred embodiment an aliphatic alcohol contains from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms and is ethoxylated to an average degree of from about 18 to about 50 40 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.

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. .

1 1 7~g~

Suds Stabilizing Nonionic Surfactant The compositions of this invention contain from about 1.5% to about 10%, preferably from about 2~ to about 8%, of suds stabilizing nonionic surfactant or mixtures thereof having a different chemical structure and function than the essential drainage promoting nonionic surfactant.
Suds stabilizing nonionic surfactants operable in the instant compositions are two basic types -- amides and the amine oxide se~i-polar nonionics.
The amide type of nonionic surface active agent include the ammonia, monoethanol and diethanol amides of fatty acids having an acyl moiety of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and represented by the general formula 1 ( )m-l(R2OH)3-m wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 7 to 21, preferably from 1. to 17 carbon atoms; R2 represents a methylene or ethylene group; and m is 1, 2, or 3, preferably 1 or 2. Specific examples of said amides are mono-ethanol coconut fatty acid amide and diethanol dodecyl fatty acid amide. These acyl moieties may be derived from naturally occurring glycerides, e.g., coconut oil, palm oil, soybean oil and tallow, but can be derived synthetically, e.g., by the oxidation of petroleum, or hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process. The monoethanol amides and diethanolamides of C12 14 fatty acids are preferred.
Amine oxide semi-polar nonionic surface active agents comprise compounds and mixtures of compounds having the formula:
lR2 1 2 4 )nlN~~

wherein Rl is an alkyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, 3-hydroxyalkyl, or 3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl radical in which the alkyl and alkoxy, respectively, contain from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or 3-hydroxypropyl and n is from 0 to about 10. Particularly preferred are amine oxides of the formula:
l2 Rl - N ~- o `~
.~, 1 1 709~

g wherein R1 is a C10_14 alkyl and R2 and R3 are methyl or ethyl The preferred sudsing characteristics of the compositions of the invention are those which will provide the user of the product with an indication of cleaning potential in a dish-washing solution. Soils encountered in dishwashing act as suds depressants and the presence or absence of suds from the surface of a dishwashing solution is a convenient guide to product usage. Mixtures of anionic surfactants and suds stabilizing nonionic surfactants are utilized in the compositions of the invention because of their high sudsing characteristics, their suds stability in the presence of food soils and their ability to indicate accurately an adequate level of product usage in the presence of soil. Additionally, and most importantly, compositions containing the other two essential surfactants of the invention but not the suds stabilizing non-ionic surfactants as defined herein, do not provide an optimum draining promoting effect.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, the ratio of anionic surfactants to total nonionic surfactants in the composition will be in a molar ratio of from about 11:1 to about 1:1, and more preferably from about 8:1 to about 3:1.
From the standpoint of sudsing, the suds stabilizing nonionic surfactants are generally preferred, but the essential relatively highly ethoxylated drainage promoting nonionic sur-factants of the invention can contribute to sudsing performance and are included in the calculation of ratios of anionic to nonionic surfactant.
Other Optional Surfactants . _ _ The compositions of the invention may contain optional surfactants such as ampholytic, zwitterionic and cationic surfactants.
Ampholytic surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic amines which contain a long chain of about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g. carboxy, sulfo or sulfate. Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium-3-dodecylamino propane sulfonate, and dodecyl dimethylammonium hexanoate.
Zwitterionic surface active agents operable in the instant composition are broadly described as internally-neutralized derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium ., I ~ 7~9~9 and phosphonium and tertiary sulfonium compounds in which thealiphatic radical can be straight chain or branched, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfo, sulfato, phosphato, or phosphono.
Cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium com-pounds can find optinal use in the practice of the invention to the extent they are compatible with the other surfactants in the particular composition.
Water The compositions of this invention contain from about 20% to about 88%, preferably from about 40% to about 70%, water.
Additional Optional Ingredients The compositions of this invention can contain up to about 10~, by weight of detergency builders either of the organic or inorganic type. Examples of water-soluble inorganic builders which can be used, alone or in admixture with them-selves and organic alkaline sequestrant builder salts, arealkali metal carbonates, phosphates, polyphosphates, and silicates. Specific examples of such salts are sodium tri-polyphosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripoly-phosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate. Examples of organic builder salts which can be used alone, or in admixture with each other or with the preceding inorganic alkaline builder salts, are alkali metal polycarboxylates, e.g., water-soluble citrates such as sodium and potassium citrate, sodium and potassium tartrate, sodium and potassium ethylenediaminetetra-cetate, sodium and potassium N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylene diamine triacetates, sodium and potassium nitrilo triacetates (NTA) and sodium and potassium N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nitrilo diacetates.
Other organic detergency builders such as water-soluble phosphonates can find use in the compositions of the invention.
In general, however, detergency builders have limited value in dishwashing detergent compositions and use at levels above about 10% can restrict formulation flexibility in liquid compositions because of solubility and phase stability conside-rations.

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1 ~ 7~g49 Alcohols, such as ethyl alcohol, and hydrotropes, suchas sodium and potassium toluene sulfonate, sodium and potassium xylene sulfonate, trisodium sulfosuccinate and related compounds (as disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,915,903, and urea, can be utilized in the interests of achieving a desired product phase stability and viscosity. Ethyl alcohol at a level of from about 3% to about 15% and potassium or sodium toluene, xylene or cumine sulfonate at a level of from about 1% to about 6% are particularly useful in the compositions of the invention.
The detergent compositions of this invention can contain, if desired, any of the usual adjuvants, diluents and additives, for example, perfumes, enzymes, dyes, antitarnishing agents, antimicrobial agents, and the like, without detracting from the advantageous properties of the compositions. Alkalinity sources and pH buffering agents such as monoethanolamine, triethanolamine and alkali metal hydroxides can also be utilized.
The following examples are given to illustrate the compositions of the invention. All percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

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I 1 7~9~g EXAMPLE I
The following liquid detergent compositions were prepared.
A B C
Ammonium C12 alkyl sulfate4.3% 4.3% 12.5%
Ammonium C12 alkyl sulfate-ethoxy(l) 19.9 19.9 Ammonium C12 alkyl sulfate-ethoxy~3) - - 13.5 Dimethyldodecylamine oxide2.3 1.7 4.0 Tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) 5.0 4.0 Ethanol 6.2 6.2 6.2 10 Ammonium xylene sulfonate 2.5 2.5 2.5 Magnesium chloride 3.1 3.1 Potassium chloride - - 0-7 Water 56.2 57.8 60.1 Perfume and miscellaneous 0.5 0.5 0.5 Compositions A and B are within the scope of the present invention. Composition C is typical of presently used dish-washing liquid detergent compositions and is outside the scope of the present invention.
SPOTTING AND FILMING PERFORMANCE
Libb ~ glasses were soiled with a fatty soil containing milk solids and washed in 115F water solutions containing 0.2~ of Compositions A, B and C. The glasses were rinsed in 115F water, rack dried, graded on a 1-10 scale (1 poorest, 10 best) for spotting and filming. The glasses were also comparison graded for overall appearance using a scale of 0 to 4 to indicate no difference to a large advantage for one of the glasses in the comparison.
Average Conditions - 0.25% soil and 7 grains/gallon water hardness measured as CaCO3 Least Significant A B C Difference - .05 Spotting 7.4 7.3 6.7 0.32 Filming 7.7 7.5 7.4 0.22 Appearance +0.5 +0.2 -1.4 0.7 Stress Conditions - 0.35% soil and 10 grains/gallon water hardness measured as CaCO3 Least Significant A B C Difference - 0.05 Spotting 7.3 7.3 6.4 0.27 40 Filming 7.4 7.5 7.2 0.25 Appearance +0.1 -0.1 -1.8 1.1 '1 1 1 7~)94g SUDSING
Suds were generated by agitation in dishpans contain-ing 2 gallons of 115F water using Compositions A, B and C at a 0.2% product concentration. Dinner plates were washed with the introducing of 4.0 ml of a triglyceride-containing soil on each plate. Suds height is measured after washing sets of five plates. This procedure is repeated five times for a total of 25 plates. The suds height after washing each set is expressed in terms of percent of original suds height and an average of the five values is reported as suds during washing (SDW). The number of plates washed when suds disappear from the surface of the dishwashing solution is recorded as "mileage".
The following sudsing results were obtained:
Water SDW/Mileage SoilHardness A B C LSD-.05 100% fat 2 16.3/- 17.4/-14.9/- 2.5/-7 17.2/- 17.2/-17.3/- 1.6/-14 13.0/- 12.4/-11.4/- 6.0/-Mixed fat, 2 14.8/32 14.5/31 13.6/30 4.8/5.3 20 protein, 7 12.5/21 12.2/21 13.0/21 2.7/4.9 carbohydrate and acid 14 12.4/31 12.6/29 10.5/28 5.0/9.1 Compositions A and B had sudsing characteristics equiva-lent to C and provided a superior appearance and freedom from spotting and filming after washing and rinsing.
The following materials are substituted for the tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) in Compositions A and B:
1) C13_15 alkyl phenol-ethoxy (30) 2) cholesterol-ethoxy (24) 3) sorbitan monoleate-ethoxy (80) 4) glyceryl monostearate-ethoxy (20)

5) C12 alkanol-ethoxy (20)

6) C18 alkanol-ethoxy (20) Comparable sudsing, appearance, filming and spotting performance relative to Composition C is obtained.
EXAMPLE II
The following liquid dishwashing detergent compositions were prepared:
D E F
40 Ammonium C12 alkyl sulfate 12.5%4.3%

1 1 7~949 Ammonium C12 alkyl sulfate-ethoxy (1) - 19.9 Ammonium C12 alkyl sulfate-ethoxy(3) 13.5 - 12.5 Ammonium Cll_l3 alkylbenzene sulfonate - _ 18.8 Magnesium chloride - 3.1 Dimethyldodecylamine oxide 4.0 1.7 C12 alkyl monoethanolamide - - 1.9 Ammonium xylene sulfonate 2.5 - 2.4 Ethanol 6.2 2.5 3.0 Water 60.3 68.5 61.4 10 Perfume and miscellaneous 1.0 For purposes of evaluating spotting and filming per-formance a variation of Composition D was prepared in which 5% tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) replaced 5% water. Similarly variations of Composition E were prepared in which 1%, 5 and 20% tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) replaced water.
Paired comparison grading of the two base compositions and four variations containing tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) for filming and spotting performance on glassware after washing and rinsing showed:
1) no difference between base formulas 2) only a marginal benefit at a 1% tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) level 3) a substantial and easily noticeable benefit for the 5% tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) level 4) only a marginal benefit in an increase in tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) from 5% to 20%.
Sudsing of Composition D with 5% tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) was equivalent to sudsing of Composition C. Composition D with 20% tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) provided an average suds level approximately 50~ of that provided by Composition C.
C12_15 alkylbenzene sulfonate, C13 16 paraffin sulfonate and C12 16 olefin sulfonate are substituted for the C12 alkyl sulfate in Compositions C and D. Comparable results are obtained.
C12 monoethanolamide at a 6% level replaces 4% di-methyldodecylamine oxide and 2% water in Composition C.
Comparable results are obtained.
EXAMPLE III
Variations of Composition D of Example II were prepared with the following materials replacing water.

1 1 7~94~

1) 5% tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) 2) 5% tallow alcohol-ethoxy (11) 3) 5~ C14_15 alkanol-ethoxy (7) 4) 5% C12 alkanol-ethoxy (12) 5) 5% C16 alkanol-ethoxy (20) 6) 5% C12 alkanol-ethoxy (20) Grading of glassware for filming and spotting after washing and rinsing in the compositions showed:
Compositions #3 and #4 provide no improvement over the 10 base Composition D containing no ethoxylated nonionic sur-factant. Compositions #1, #5, and #6 provided an easily noticeably benefit relative to the base Composition D and Compositions #2, #3 and #4. Composition #2 had a slightly lower level of filming and spotting relative to the base Composition D, but was substantially less effective than Compositions ~1, #5 and #6.
Sudsing of Composition #2 was substantially reduced relative to base Composition D and Composition #l which was essentially the same as base Composition D.
EXAMPLE IV
Variations of Composition E of Example II were prepared with the following materials replacing water:

7) 5% C14_15 alkanol-ethoxy (20)

8) 5% C16 alkanol-ethoxy (20) A variation of Composition F of Example II was prepared with the following material replacing water:

9) 5~ Cg alkyl phenol-ethoxy (40) Glasses washed and rinsed in the compositions were evaluated for filming and spotting by comparison to each other 30 and base Composition D of Example III and Composition #l of Example III. Compositions #7, #8 and #9 were all superior to base Composition D. Compositions #8 and #9 were essentially equivalent to Composition #1 of Example III; Composition #7 was slightly poorer than Composition #l of Example III.
EXAMPLE V
A variation of Composition D of Example II was prepared with 17% of PluridotR HA-430 replacing water. Pluridot HA-430 is manufactured by BASF-Wyandotte and is a condensate of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide polymerized on a triol base 40 and having a molecular weight of 3700-4200. The resultant - ~ 1 70949 composition provided an advantage of reduced filming and spotting of glassware relative to Composition D.
EXAMPLE VI
The following liquid dishwashing detergent compositions were prepared:
G H I J
Ammonium C12 alkyl sulfate 4.3% 4.3% - 12.5%
Ammonium C alkyl ether 19.9 19.9 sulfate-e~oxy (1)

10 Ammonium C 2 alkyl ether - - 12.5 13.5 sulfate-et~oxy (3) C12-13 alkylbenzene _ _ 18.8 sulfonate Dimethyldodecylamine oxide 2.8 2.8 - 4.0 C12 alcohol-ethoxy (23) - 3.6 Tallow alcohol-ethoxy (18) 3.3 Tallow alcohol-ethoxy (22) - - 5.0 Ethanol 6.2 6.2 3.0 6.2 Ammonium xylene sulfonate 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 20 Magnesium chloride 3.1 3.1 Potassium chloride - - - 0.7 Perfume and Miscellaneous 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Water -------remainder-----------Spotting and Filming Performance Water glasses were soiled with a fatty soil containing milk solid and washed in 115F water solutions containing 0.2%
of Compositions G, H, I and J. The glasses were rinsed in 115F water and rack dried. Glasses from each treatment were compared for overall spotting and filming appearance. Graders assigned values of +4 to -4 to indicate their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the end result appearance of the glasses.
Conditions - 0.3~ soil and 10 grains/gallon water hardness measured as CaCO3.
Least Significant G H I J Difference - 0.05 _ Average Appearance Grade +0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.9 0.8 Composition G provided a significant appearance advantage relative to the other three compositions. Compositions H and I provided a numerical advantage over Composition J not statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Only Composition G provided results on the positive side of the satisfaction scale.

. ~ .

Claims (6)

Claims:

1. A liquid detergent composition comprising:
a) from about 10% to about 50% by weight of an anionic surfactant;
b) from about 1% to about 20% of a drainage promoting nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of:
i) an ethoxylated aliphatic alcohol of the formula R(OC2H4)nOH
wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical containing from about 16 to about 30 carbon atoms, wherein n is from about 16 to about 100;
ii) an ethoxylated alkyl phenol of the formula R(OC2H4)nOH
wherein R is an alkyl phenyl radical containing a total of from about 18 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one alkyl group containing at least about 12 carbon atoms wherein n is from about 15 to about 100;
iii) the condensation product of mono C16-22 fatty acid esters of polyglycols with from about 13 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of the mono-ester;
iv) the condensation product of cholesterol and from about 13 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide;
v) a material which is a condensate of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and a compound contain-ing hydroxy or amine groups onto which alkylene oxides can be polymerized, said polymer having a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 15,000, an ethylene oxide content of from about 30% to about 70% by weight and a propylene oxide content of from about 30% to about 70%
by weight; and vi) mixtures thereof;

c) from about 1.5% to about 10% of a suds stabilizing nonionic surfactant seleeted from the group consisting of amine oxides, amides and mixtures thereof;
d) from 0% to about 10% of a detergency builder selected from inorganic phosphates, polyphosphates, silicates, and carbonates, organie earboxylates, phosphonates and mixtures thereof; and e) from about 20% to about 88% water.

2. The composition of Claim 1 wherein the drainage promot-ing nonionic surfactant is an ethoxylated aliphatic alcohol.

3. The composition of Claim 2 wherein the molar ratio of anionic surfactant to total nonionic surfaetant is from about 11:1 to about 1:1.

4. The composition of Claim 3 comprising a suds stabil-izing nonionic surfactant selected from the group consist-ing of dimethyl C12-14 alkylamine oxides, C12-14 alkyl ethanolamides and mixtures thereof.

5. The composition of Claim 4 wherein the anionic surfac-tant comprises a material selected from the group consist-ing of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxy ether sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates and mixtures thereof and said anionic surfactant is from about 20% to about 35% by weight of said composition.

6. The composition of Claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein the drainage promoting nonionic surfactant comprises an ethoxylated aliphatic alcohol of the formula R(OC2H4)nOH wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical containing from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms and whererin n is from about 18 to about 50.