CA1140332A - Electroconductive coated paper - Google Patents
Electroconductive coated paperInfo
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- CA1140332A CA1140332A CA000324056A CA324056A CA1140332A CA 1140332 A CA1140332 A CA 1140332A CA 000324056 A CA000324056 A CA 000324056A CA 324056 A CA324056 A CA 324056A CA 1140332 A CA1140332 A CA 1140332A
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- starch
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- cationic
- salt
- pigment
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention relates to novel conductive coating compositions, paper substrates having a layer of such a composition which can in turn be coated with either organic solvent-based or aqueous-based dielectric or electrophotographic coatings to provide papers suit-able for electrographic or electrophotographic copying, and processes related to the foregoing.
A paper substrate for the application of a dielectric or electrophotographic coating includes a base paper coated with a conductive coating of a blended and jet-cooked mixture having a cationic electroconductive polymer, uncooked starch, a pigment, a cross-linking in-solubilizer resin, and an anionic or amphoteric fluoro-carbon salt.
This invention relates to novel conductive coating compositions, paper substrates having a layer of such a composition which can in turn be coated with either organic solvent-based or aqueous-based dielectric or electrophotographic coatings to provide papers suit-able for electrographic or electrophotographic copying, and processes related to the foregoing.
A paper substrate for the application of a dielectric or electrophotographic coating includes a base paper coated with a conductive coating of a blended and jet-cooked mixture having a cationic electroconductive polymer, uncooked starch, a pigment, a cross-linking in-solubilizer resin, and an anionic or amphoteric fluoro-carbon salt.
Description
_ -2-ELECTROCONDUCTIVE COATED PAPER
1 TECHNICAL FIEL~
This invention relates to coated papers for use in electrographic and/or electrophotographic copying.
More particularly, it relates to novel conductive coating compositions r paper substrates having a layer of such a composition which can in turn be coated with either organic solvent-based or aqueous-based dielectric or electrophotographic coatings to provide papers suitable for electrographic or electrophotographic copying, and processes related to the foregoing.
BACKGROUND ART
Various types of nonimpact printing pro-cesses are currently known, including electrostatographic, dielectric, electrographic, electrophotographic, "Electro-fax" and the like. Such imaging processes (hereinafter collectively called "electrographic" or "electrophoto-graphic") are particularly useful in copying and generally involve placing an electrostatic charge pattern correspond-ing to the image to be duplicated on a photosensitiveplate, developing the resulting latent image by contacting the plate with a particulate marking material known as toner, and then transferring the toner pattern onto a receiving paper sheet.
Papers suitable for electrographic and electro-photograyhic copying currently are in the form of matte finished white sheet having a typical basis weiytlt of about 30 to 60 pounds per 3000 square feet. Such papers generally comprise three key parts: the base paper, the conductive coating (which, together with the base paper is referred to herein as the "substrate paper") and the dielectric or electrophotoyraphic coating. The finished paper is produced in an off-machine operation, i.e., the conductive and dielectric coatings are applied in coating operations distinct and separate from those in which the ~14V3~Z
_ -3-1 base paper is made. The base paper is normally a ground-wood-free sheet having a basis weight, for example, of about 25 to 50 pounds per 3000 square feet and is very similar in construction to a register or forms bond.
The principles of formulating eoated papers suitable for use in the aforesaid copving proeesses are well-known in the art as exemplified in U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,544,318; 3,861,954; 3,887,~96; 3,944,682; 3,953,374;
3,991,256; 4,037,017; 4,075,666; 4,084,034; 4,085,245;
and 4,097,646. ~owever, in the field of eleetroeonductive coated papers for electrographic and electrophotographic copying, it has not heretofore been possible to attain adequate eonduetivity and barrier holdout against both water and organie solvents such as toluene and other aromatic liquids in one pass on an open-mesh groundwood base paper without first precoating or sizing the latter.
A definite need exists for such a capability because it is customary for eonductive substrate papers to be sub-sequently eoated with either an aqueous- or organie solvent-based dielectric or electrophotographic coating and it would be highly advantageous to enable sueh eoated paper to repel water and organie solvents without having to resort to speeial pretreatment.
Accordinclly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a paper su~strate for the applica-tion of a dielectric or electrophotographic coating ancl to provide a paper thereby for use in electrographic imaging or electrophotoc3raphic copying.
; ~nother object is to provide a process for pro-ducing a paper s~lbstrate for the application of a dielectric or electrophotographic coating and to ~rovic~e a paper thereby for use in electroyraphic imaging or electrophoto-graphic copying.
4_ 1 Yet another object is to provide a cornposition for coating onto a base paper to form a substrate for the application of a dielectric or electrophotographic coating and to provide thereby a paper for use in electro-graphic or electrophotographic copying.
These and other objects of the present invention as well as a fuller understanding of the advantages thereof can be had by reference to the ~ollowing descrip-tion and claims.
S~ ARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing objects are achieved according to the present invention by the discovery of a novel conductive coating composition and a paper substrate coated therewith which is suitable for applying thereto a dielectric or electrophotographic coating for use in electrographic or electrophotographic copying. The conductive coating composition is coated on a base paper sheet or t~eb and is made of a special mixture comprising (a) a cationic electroconductive polymer, (b) uncooked starch, (c) one or more pigments, (d) a cross-linking insolubili~er resin, and (e) an anionic or amphoteric flourocarbon salt, said cornponents of the mixture being sequentially blended and ]et-cooked in the manner described below.
Base papers suitable for use in the invention can contain up to 100~ and desirably between about 20 and 100~5 mechar1ical or groundwoocl pulp or fiber, Up to about R0~ and desirably between about 10 and about ~305 sulfite fiber and up to about 80~5 and desirably between about l0 and about 80% krat fiber. Preferably, the base paper contains between about 50 and about 60%
~roundwood fiber, betweel1 about 20 and about 305 sulfite - fiber, and between about l~ and about 25~5 ~rat fiber, i , with about 55% groundwood fiber, abou-t 25% sulfite fiber and about 20% kraft fiber being especially preferred.
The blended and jet-cooked mixture desirably comprises (a) between about 5 and about 23% and preferably between about 12 and about 18% cationic electroconductive polymer, (b) be-tween about 8 and about 18% and preferably between about 10 and about 14% uncooked starch, (c) between about 40 and about 80% and preferably between about 65 and about 75% pigment, (d) between about 1 and about 6% and preferably between about 2 and about 3% of cross-linking insolubilizer resin, and (e) between about 0.5 and about 3% and preferably between about 1 and about
1 TECHNICAL FIEL~
This invention relates to coated papers for use in electrographic and/or electrophotographic copying.
More particularly, it relates to novel conductive coating compositions r paper substrates having a layer of such a composition which can in turn be coated with either organic solvent-based or aqueous-based dielectric or electrophotographic coatings to provide papers suitable for electrographic or electrophotographic copying, and processes related to the foregoing.
BACKGROUND ART
Various types of nonimpact printing pro-cesses are currently known, including electrostatographic, dielectric, electrographic, electrophotographic, "Electro-fax" and the like. Such imaging processes (hereinafter collectively called "electrographic" or "electrophoto-graphic") are particularly useful in copying and generally involve placing an electrostatic charge pattern correspond-ing to the image to be duplicated on a photosensitiveplate, developing the resulting latent image by contacting the plate with a particulate marking material known as toner, and then transferring the toner pattern onto a receiving paper sheet.
Papers suitable for electrographic and electro-photograyhic copying currently are in the form of matte finished white sheet having a typical basis weiytlt of about 30 to 60 pounds per 3000 square feet. Such papers generally comprise three key parts: the base paper, the conductive coating (which, together with the base paper is referred to herein as the "substrate paper") and the dielectric or electrophotoyraphic coating. The finished paper is produced in an off-machine operation, i.e., the conductive and dielectric coatings are applied in coating operations distinct and separate from those in which the ~14V3~Z
_ -3-1 base paper is made. The base paper is normally a ground-wood-free sheet having a basis weight, for example, of about 25 to 50 pounds per 3000 square feet and is very similar in construction to a register or forms bond.
The principles of formulating eoated papers suitable for use in the aforesaid copving proeesses are well-known in the art as exemplified in U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,544,318; 3,861,954; 3,887,~96; 3,944,682; 3,953,374;
3,991,256; 4,037,017; 4,075,666; 4,084,034; 4,085,245;
and 4,097,646. ~owever, in the field of eleetroeonductive coated papers for electrographic and electrophotographic copying, it has not heretofore been possible to attain adequate eonduetivity and barrier holdout against both water and organie solvents such as toluene and other aromatic liquids in one pass on an open-mesh groundwood base paper without first precoating or sizing the latter.
A definite need exists for such a capability because it is customary for eonductive substrate papers to be sub-sequently eoated with either an aqueous- or organie solvent-based dielectric or electrophotographic coating and it would be highly advantageous to enable sueh eoated paper to repel water and organie solvents without having to resort to speeial pretreatment.
Accordinclly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a paper su~strate for the applica-tion of a dielectric or electrophotographic coating ancl to provide a paper thereby for use in electrographic imaging or electrophotoc3raphic copying.
; ~nother object is to provide a process for pro-ducing a paper s~lbstrate for the application of a dielectric or electrophotographic coating and to ~rovic~e a paper thereby for use in electroyraphic imaging or electrophoto-graphic copying.
4_ 1 Yet another object is to provide a cornposition for coating onto a base paper to form a substrate for the application of a dielectric or electrophotographic coating and to provide thereby a paper for use in electro-graphic or electrophotographic copying.
These and other objects of the present invention as well as a fuller understanding of the advantages thereof can be had by reference to the ~ollowing descrip-tion and claims.
S~ ARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing objects are achieved according to the present invention by the discovery of a novel conductive coating composition and a paper substrate coated therewith which is suitable for applying thereto a dielectric or electrophotographic coating for use in electrographic or electrophotographic copying. The conductive coating composition is coated on a base paper sheet or t~eb and is made of a special mixture comprising (a) a cationic electroconductive polymer, (b) uncooked starch, (c) one or more pigments, (d) a cross-linking insolubili~er resin, and (e) an anionic or amphoteric flourocarbon salt, said cornponents of the mixture being sequentially blended and ]et-cooked in the manner described below.
Base papers suitable for use in the invention can contain up to 100~ and desirably between about 20 and 100~5 mechar1ical or groundwoocl pulp or fiber, Up to about R0~ and desirably between about 10 and about ~305 sulfite fiber and up to about 80~5 and desirably between about l0 and about 80% krat fiber. Preferably, the base paper contains between about 50 and about 60%
~roundwood fiber, betweel1 about 20 and about 305 sulfite - fiber, and between about l~ and about 25~5 ~rat fiber, i , with about 55% groundwood fiber, abou-t 25% sulfite fiber and about 20% kraft fiber being especially preferred.
The blended and jet-cooked mixture desirably comprises (a) between about 5 and about 23% and preferably between about 12 and about 18% cationic electroconductive polymer, (b) be-tween about 8 and about 18% and preferably between about 10 and about 14% uncooked starch, (c) between about 40 and about 80% and preferably between about 65 and about 75% pigment, (d) between about 1 and about 6% and preferably between about 2 and about 3% of cross-linking insolubilizer resin, and (e) between about 0.5 and about 3% and preferably between about 1 and about
2% anionic or amphoteric fl-uorocarbon salt. An especially preferred conductive coating composition is made up of about 15% component (a), about 12% component (b), about 69% compo-nent (c), about 2.5% component (d), and about 1.5% component (e).
In the formulation of the conductive coating composi-tion of the present invention, component (a) is desirably a quaternary ammonium resin, e.g., polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,544,318, polyvinyl-benzyltrimethylammonium chloride as described in U.S. Pat. No.
In the formulation of the conductive coating composi-tion of the present invention, component (a) is desirably a quaternary ammonium resin, e.g., polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,544,318, polyvinyl-benzyltrimethylammonium chloride as described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,887,496, and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,320,317, with polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride being esspecially preferred. Component (b) ;s desi-rably cationic starch, hydroxyethylated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch, with cationic starch being pre-ferred. Component (c) is desirably kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, -talc, barium sulfate or microspherical s-tyrene (plastic pigment), with a combination of kaolin clay, ti-tanium dioxide, and ~:~4~3~
_ -6-1 plastic pigment being preferred. Component (d) is desirably a urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde resin, with the latter being preferred. Component (e) is desirably a fluorocarbon salt, e.g., an alkali metal (anionic) or triethanolamine (amphoteric) salt of a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester or an alkali metal or triethanolamine salt of an amrnonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-per-fluoroalkylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate, with anionic fluorocarbon salts being especially preferred.
The conductive coating composition is pre-pared according to the present invention by first blending components (a), (b) and (c) with sufficient process water and a suitable dispersant under high sheer agitation to form a uniform or homogeneous slurry. Generally, an agitation time of between about lO and about 60 minutes is desirable, with about 30 minutes being preferred. The slurry is next passed through a jet-cooker, e.g., a conventional starch jet-cooker, at a temperature of between about 225 and about 325E`, a flow rate of between 30 and about 60 gallons per minute and a back pressure of between about 20 and about 60 psig. The cooked miY~ture is cooled to about 120F or lower and components (d) and (e) are adcled under agitation. The thus-obtained coating miY.ture is then coated on the aforementioned base paper web. Such application can be accomplished in either an on-machine or off-line operation by blade, roll, rod or other suitable means.
It is a significant feature of the inven-tion that components (a), (b) and (c) o~ the coating composition are blended and jet-cooked together, whereby it has been found that tl1e final coating composition can be more efficiently distributed on the 333~
_ -7-1 base paper than would otherwise be possible, thereby providing higher conductivity than prior art mixtures formed by adding conductive polymer to pre-cooked starch.
Tl1e desired range of application of the coating cornposition to the base paper is between about 2 and about 12 pounds per side per reain (500 sheets) of 25 x 38-inch paper. In the case where only one side of the base paper is coated with the composition, the coating weight is preferably between about 8 and about 12 pounds per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper. In the preferred case where both sides of the base paper are coated, the coating weight per side is preferably between about 4 and about 6 pounds per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
The conductive layer-coated base paper of the invention is suitable for use as a substrate to which either an aqueous- or organic solvent-based conventional dielectric or electrophotographic coating can be applied on top of one or both of the conductive coating layers. The paper substrate of this invention typically has a surface electrical resistance, as measured by ASTM D 257-75 using a Keithley 610B electro-meter at lO0 volts potential, ranging from about 2 x106 ohms per sq cm to about 5 x 10 ohms per sq cm at 50~ relative humidity. Barrier properties (to 90% penetration) of the finished sheet, as ri~easured by flotation test, are at least about 50 seconds for toluene, at least about 50 seconds ~or isoparaf~in and at least about 30 secol-ds for ~1ater. Such elec~trical conductivity and liquid barrier properties have hereto-fore been ullobtainable on untreated (e.g., uncoated and unsized) predominantly ground~ood paper sheet. The resulting coated groundwood paper substrate is a better *Trade Mark ~14~)33Z
conductor and an improvement over currently available groundwood free, more expensive coated papers. Furthermore, the barrier properties of the normally open and porous substrate sheet are high enough ~i.e., the susceptibility to water and solvent penetration are sufficiently reduced) to allow direct applica-tion thereto of dielectric or electrophotographic coatings to give a product which performs in dielectric copying and imaging devices such as the page printer supplied by Honeywell, the "Versatec" (trade mark) printer/plotter supplied by Versatec Inc., and a copier supplied under the trade mark "Minolta" in a manner equal to or better than presently available papers with attendant cost advantages as well.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following examples are presented for the purpose of illustrating, without limitation, the products and pro-cesses of the present invention. In the examples as well as in the specification and claims generally, quantities are ex-pressed as weight percent, i.e., parts by weight per 100 parts of total solid material, unless otherwise indicated.
Example l A conductive coating composition for use according to the present invention is prepared from the following mate-rials:
Ingredient Parts (a) Polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride15.0 (Merck Conductive Polymer 261) (b) Cationic starch (National Starch &12.0 Chemical "Cato Kote* 1380") (c) Kaolin clay 50.0 Titanium dioxide 10.0 Styrene microspheres (Dow "Type 722l0.0 Plastic Pigment") (d) Melamine-formaldehyde resin 1.5 ("Uformite*" resin) * Trade Mark .
g (e) Ammonium bis~ ethyl-2-- 1.5 perfluoroalkylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate (3M "Scotchban FC-809") _ _ _ Total 100.0 Components (a), (b) and (c) are blended together with sufficient process water and suitable dispersant under high shear agitation for a period of between about 10 and about 60 Minutes, with optimum blending results being acheived in about 30 minutes.
The resulting slurry is passed at a flow rate of between about 30 and about 60 gallons per minute through a con-ventional starch jet-cooker at a temperature of between about 225~ and about 325F and back pressure of between about 20 and about 60 psig.
The jet-cooked mixture is cooled to a temp-erature of about 120F or below and components (d) and (e) are added under agitation to form a homogeneous ti.e., uniform) conductive coating composition. The composition thus obtained is then coated on a base paper web containing about 55% ground~ood, about 25%
sulfite and about 20% kraft pulp fiber. The coating is applied to thE~ web to a weight of 5 pounds per side per ream (500 sheets) of 25 x 38-inch paper.
The thus-coated base paper is suitable for use as a substrate for the direct application to the conductive coating of a conventional aqueous- or organic solvent-based diE~lectric or electrop~lotographic coating composition to give a paper having the aforesaid surace electrical resistance properties. The barrier properties, as measured by ~lotation test, are 52 seconds to 90~
penetration by toluene, 50 seconds to 90% penetration by isoparaffin, and 33 seconds to 90v penetration by water *Trade ~lark 1 _.xam~le 2 Another conductive coating composition for use according to the present invention is prepared following the procedure of ~xample 1 from the following materials:
Inc~redient Parts (a) Polyvinylbenzyltrimethylarnmonium 23.0 chloride (Dow Chemical "ECR") (b) Cationic starch 8,0 (c) Calcium carbonate 57,2 Styrene microspheres lO,l (d) Melamine-formaldehyde resinl,0 15 (e) Ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroalkyl- 0.8 sulfonamidoethyl) phosphate Total lO0.0 The resulting conductive coating composi-tion is applied to a base paper as in Example 1 to give a coated substrate according to the present invention Example 3 Another conductive coating composition Eor use according to the present invention is prepared following the procedure in F,xarnple 1 irom the following materials:
_nc~redient ~arts (a) PolydimethyldiallyammoniumlO.0 Chloride (b) Cationic starch 12.0 (c) Aluminum silicate 73.5 *Trade Mark ll~V332 1 (d) ~lelamine-formaldehyde resin 1.5 (e) ~nionic salt of perfluoroal~yl- 3.0 phosphate ester (DuPont "Zonyl NF") ____ Total 100.0 The resulting conductive coating composi-tion is applied to a base paper as in Example 1 to give a coated substrate according to the present invention.
Example 4 Another conductive coating composi.tion for use according to the present invention is prepared following the procedure of Example 1 from the ollowing materials:
_ngredient Parts ta) Polydimethyldiallylammonium 12.0 chloride (b) Oxidized starch 18.0 (c) Barium sulfate 43.0 - Styrene microspheres 20.G
(d) Melamine-formaldehyde resin6.0 (e) Ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoro-alkylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate _l 0 Total 100.0 The resulting conducti.ve coating composi-tion is applied to a base paper as in Example 1 to give a coated subst-rate accordiny to the preserlt inventioll.
The foregoin-3 procedures exemplify the best mode for carrying out the present invention, It is unclerstood that changes and variations can be rnade therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
.
*Trade Mark 1 I~DUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The present invention provides a paper sub-strate for electrographic and electrophotographic imaging applications, which can be coated with either organie-solvent or aqueous-based dielectric or electro-photographic coatings.
The invention makes it possible to achieve good solvent holdout and electroconduetive properties on a predominantly groundwood sheet without first precoating or sizing either the paper base or the substrate. The coating mixture described herein is prepared in a unique manner and contains specific quantities of materials to enable the coated sheet to repel organic solvents and water. The resultant eoated sheet is a better electrical conductor and an improve-ment over currently available conduetive papers.
_ -6-1 plastic pigment being preferred. Component (d) is desirably a urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde resin, with the latter being preferred. Component (e) is desirably a fluorocarbon salt, e.g., an alkali metal (anionic) or triethanolamine (amphoteric) salt of a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester or an alkali metal or triethanolamine salt of an amrnonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-per-fluoroalkylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate, with anionic fluorocarbon salts being especially preferred.
The conductive coating composition is pre-pared according to the present invention by first blending components (a), (b) and (c) with sufficient process water and a suitable dispersant under high sheer agitation to form a uniform or homogeneous slurry. Generally, an agitation time of between about lO and about 60 minutes is desirable, with about 30 minutes being preferred. The slurry is next passed through a jet-cooker, e.g., a conventional starch jet-cooker, at a temperature of between about 225 and about 325E`, a flow rate of between 30 and about 60 gallons per minute and a back pressure of between about 20 and about 60 psig. The cooked miY~ture is cooled to about 120F or lower and components (d) and (e) are adcled under agitation. The thus-obtained coating miY.ture is then coated on the aforementioned base paper web. Such application can be accomplished in either an on-machine or off-line operation by blade, roll, rod or other suitable means.
It is a significant feature of the inven-tion that components (a), (b) and (c) o~ the coating composition are blended and jet-cooked together, whereby it has been found that tl1e final coating composition can be more efficiently distributed on the 333~
_ -7-1 base paper than would otherwise be possible, thereby providing higher conductivity than prior art mixtures formed by adding conductive polymer to pre-cooked starch.
Tl1e desired range of application of the coating cornposition to the base paper is between about 2 and about 12 pounds per side per reain (500 sheets) of 25 x 38-inch paper. In the case where only one side of the base paper is coated with the composition, the coating weight is preferably between about 8 and about 12 pounds per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper. In the preferred case where both sides of the base paper are coated, the coating weight per side is preferably between about 4 and about 6 pounds per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
The conductive layer-coated base paper of the invention is suitable for use as a substrate to which either an aqueous- or organic solvent-based conventional dielectric or electrophotographic coating can be applied on top of one or both of the conductive coating layers. The paper substrate of this invention typically has a surface electrical resistance, as measured by ASTM D 257-75 using a Keithley 610B electro-meter at lO0 volts potential, ranging from about 2 x106 ohms per sq cm to about 5 x 10 ohms per sq cm at 50~ relative humidity. Barrier properties (to 90% penetration) of the finished sheet, as ri~easured by flotation test, are at least about 50 seconds for toluene, at least about 50 seconds ~or isoparaf~in and at least about 30 secol-ds for ~1ater. Such elec~trical conductivity and liquid barrier properties have hereto-fore been ullobtainable on untreated (e.g., uncoated and unsized) predominantly ground~ood paper sheet. The resulting coated groundwood paper substrate is a better *Trade Mark ~14~)33Z
conductor and an improvement over currently available groundwood free, more expensive coated papers. Furthermore, the barrier properties of the normally open and porous substrate sheet are high enough ~i.e., the susceptibility to water and solvent penetration are sufficiently reduced) to allow direct applica-tion thereto of dielectric or electrophotographic coatings to give a product which performs in dielectric copying and imaging devices such as the page printer supplied by Honeywell, the "Versatec" (trade mark) printer/plotter supplied by Versatec Inc., and a copier supplied under the trade mark "Minolta" in a manner equal to or better than presently available papers with attendant cost advantages as well.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following examples are presented for the purpose of illustrating, without limitation, the products and pro-cesses of the present invention. In the examples as well as in the specification and claims generally, quantities are ex-pressed as weight percent, i.e., parts by weight per 100 parts of total solid material, unless otherwise indicated.
Example l A conductive coating composition for use according to the present invention is prepared from the following mate-rials:
Ingredient Parts (a) Polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride15.0 (Merck Conductive Polymer 261) (b) Cationic starch (National Starch &12.0 Chemical "Cato Kote* 1380") (c) Kaolin clay 50.0 Titanium dioxide 10.0 Styrene microspheres (Dow "Type 722l0.0 Plastic Pigment") (d) Melamine-formaldehyde resin 1.5 ("Uformite*" resin) * Trade Mark .
g (e) Ammonium bis~ ethyl-2-- 1.5 perfluoroalkylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate (3M "Scotchban FC-809") _ _ _ Total 100.0 Components (a), (b) and (c) are blended together with sufficient process water and suitable dispersant under high shear agitation for a period of between about 10 and about 60 Minutes, with optimum blending results being acheived in about 30 minutes.
The resulting slurry is passed at a flow rate of between about 30 and about 60 gallons per minute through a con-ventional starch jet-cooker at a temperature of between about 225~ and about 325F and back pressure of between about 20 and about 60 psig.
The jet-cooked mixture is cooled to a temp-erature of about 120F or below and components (d) and (e) are added under agitation to form a homogeneous ti.e., uniform) conductive coating composition. The composition thus obtained is then coated on a base paper web containing about 55% ground~ood, about 25%
sulfite and about 20% kraft pulp fiber. The coating is applied to thE~ web to a weight of 5 pounds per side per ream (500 sheets) of 25 x 38-inch paper.
The thus-coated base paper is suitable for use as a substrate for the direct application to the conductive coating of a conventional aqueous- or organic solvent-based diE~lectric or electrop~lotographic coating composition to give a paper having the aforesaid surace electrical resistance properties. The barrier properties, as measured by ~lotation test, are 52 seconds to 90~
penetration by toluene, 50 seconds to 90% penetration by isoparaffin, and 33 seconds to 90v penetration by water *Trade ~lark 1 _.xam~le 2 Another conductive coating composition for use according to the present invention is prepared following the procedure of ~xample 1 from the following materials:
Inc~redient Parts (a) Polyvinylbenzyltrimethylarnmonium 23.0 chloride (Dow Chemical "ECR") (b) Cationic starch 8,0 (c) Calcium carbonate 57,2 Styrene microspheres lO,l (d) Melamine-formaldehyde resinl,0 15 (e) Ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroalkyl- 0.8 sulfonamidoethyl) phosphate Total lO0.0 The resulting conductive coating composi-tion is applied to a base paper as in Example 1 to give a coated substrate according to the present invention Example 3 Another conductive coating composition Eor use according to the present invention is prepared following the procedure in F,xarnple 1 irom the following materials:
_nc~redient ~arts (a) PolydimethyldiallyammoniumlO.0 Chloride (b) Cationic starch 12.0 (c) Aluminum silicate 73.5 *Trade Mark ll~V332 1 (d) ~lelamine-formaldehyde resin 1.5 (e) ~nionic salt of perfluoroal~yl- 3.0 phosphate ester (DuPont "Zonyl NF") ____ Total 100.0 The resulting conductive coating composi-tion is applied to a base paper as in Example 1 to give a coated substrate according to the present invention.
Example 4 Another conductive coating composi.tion for use according to the present invention is prepared following the procedure of Example 1 from the ollowing materials:
_ngredient Parts ta) Polydimethyldiallylammonium 12.0 chloride (b) Oxidized starch 18.0 (c) Barium sulfate 43.0 - Styrene microspheres 20.G
(d) Melamine-formaldehyde resin6.0 (e) Ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoro-alkylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate _l 0 Total 100.0 The resulting conducti.ve coating composi-tion is applied to a base paper as in Example 1 to give a coated subst-rate accordiny to the preserlt inventioll.
The foregoin-3 procedures exemplify the best mode for carrying out the present invention, It is unclerstood that changes and variations can be rnade therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
.
*Trade Mark 1 I~DUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The present invention provides a paper sub-strate for electrographic and electrophotographic imaging applications, which can be coated with either organie-solvent or aqueous-based dielectric or electro-photographic coatings.
The invention makes it possible to achieve good solvent holdout and electroconduetive properties on a predominantly groundwood sheet without first precoating or sizing either the paper base or the substrate. The coating mixture described herein is prepared in a unique manner and contains specific quantities of materials to enable the coated sheet to repel organic solvents and water. The resultant eoated sheet is a better electrical conductor and an improve-ment over currently available conduetive papers.
Claims (46)
1. A paper substrate for the application of a dielectric or electrophotographic coating for use in electrographic or electrophotographic copying, comprising a base paper coated with a conductive coating of a blended and jet-cooked mixture comprising a cationic electroconductive polymer, uncooked starch, a pigment, a cross-linking insolubilizer resin, and an anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt.
2. A paper substrate according to claim 1 wherein:
the base paper contains between about 20 and about 100% groundwood fiber, up to about 80%
sulfite fiber, and up to about 80% kraft fiber;
the blended and jet-cooked mixture com-prises between about 5 and about 23% cationic electro-conductive polymer, between about 8 and about 18%
uncooked starch, between about 40 and about 80%
pigment, between about 1 and about 5% cross-linking insolubilizer resin, and between about 0.5 and about 3%
anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt; and the blended and jet-cooked mixture is applied to at least one side of the base paper to a dry coating weight of between about 2 and about 12 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
the base paper contains between about 20 and about 100% groundwood fiber, up to about 80%
sulfite fiber, and up to about 80% kraft fiber;
the blended and jet-cooked mixture com-prises between about 5 and about 23% cationic electro-conductive polymer, between about 8 and about 18%
uncooked starch, between about 40 and about 80%
pigment, between about 1 and about 5% cross-linking insolubilizer resin, and between about 0.5 and about 3%
anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt; and the blended and jet-cooked mixture is applied to at least one side of the base paper to a dry coating weight of between about 2 and about 12 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
3. A paper substrate according to claim 2 wherein:
the base paper contains between about 50 and about 60% groundwood fiber, between about 20 and about 30% sulfite fiber, and between about 15 and about 25% kraft fiber;
the blended and jet-cooked mixture com-prises between about 12 and about 18%. cationic electro-conductive polymer, between about 10 and about 14%
uncooked starch, between about 65 and about 75%
pigment, between about 2 and about 3% cross-linking insolubilizer resin, and between about l and about 2%
of anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt; and the blended and jet-cooked mixture is applied to both sides of the base paper to a dry coating weight of between about 4 and about 6 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
the base paper contains between about 50 and about 60% groundwood fiber, between about 20 and about 30% sulfite fiber, and between about 15 and about 25% kraft fiber;
the blended and jet-cooked mixture com-prises between about 12 and about 18%. cationic electro-conductive polymer, between about 10 and about 14%
uncooked starch, between about 65 and about 75%
pigment, between about 2 and about 3% cross-linking insolubilizer resin, and between about l and about 2%
of anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt; and the blended and jet-cooked mixture is applied to both sides of the base paper to a dry coating weight of between about 4 and about 6 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
4. A paper substrate according to claim 2 wherein the substrate is provided with a dielectric or electrophotographic coating applied to at least one of said conductive coatings.
5. A paper substrate according to claim 4 having surface electrical resistance, as measured by ASTM D 257-75 using a Keithley 610B electrometer at 100 volts potential, of between about 2X106 and about 5x108 ohms per sq cm at 503 relative humidity and having 90% penetration barrier properties, as measured by flotation test, of at least about 50 seconds for toluene, at least about 50 seconds for isoparaffin and at least about 30 seconds for water.
6. A paper substrate according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quaternary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin.
7. A paper substrate according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethlyated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch.
8. A paper substrate according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene.
9. A paper substrate according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin.
10. A paper substrate according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate.
11. A paper substrate according to claim 1, wherein:
the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quaternary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride and quater-nized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethlyated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch;
the pigment is kaolin clay, calined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a mela-mine-formaldehyde or urea formaldehyde resin; and the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate.
the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quaternary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride and quater-nized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethlyated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch;
the pigment is kaolin clay, calined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a mela-mine-formaldehyde or urea formaldehyde resin; and the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate.
12. A paper substrate according to claim 11 wherein:
the cationic electroconductive polymer is polydimethyldiallylammononium chloride;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch;
the pigment is a mixture of titanium dioxide, kaolin clay and microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formadehyde resin.
the cationic electroconductive polymer is polydimethyldiallylammononium chloride;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch;
the pigment is a mixture of titanium dioxide, kaolin clay and microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formadehyde resin.
13. A process for producing a paper sub-strate for the application of a dielectric or electro-photographic coating for use in electrographic or electrophotographic copying, comprising:
(a) blending a cationic electroconduc-tive polymer, uncooked starch and a pigment with water under high sheer agitation to form a uniform slurry;
(b) jet-cooking the slurry obtained in step (a) at a temperature of between about 225° and about 325°F;
(c) cooling the jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (b) to a temperature of about 120°F or less;
(d) adding a cross-linking insolubilizer resin and an anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c) under agitation to form a conductive coating composition and (e) coating the composition obtained in step (d) onto at least one side of a base paper.
(a) blending a cationic electroconduc-tive polymer, uncooked starch and a pigment with water under high sheer agitation to form a uniform slurry;
(b) jet-cooking the slurry obtained in step (a) at a temperature of between about 225° and about 325°F;
(c) cooling the jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (b) to a temperature of about 120°F or less;
(d) adding a cross-linking insolubilizer resin and an anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c) under agitation to form a conductive coating composition and (e) coating the composition obtained in step (d) onto at least one side of a base paper.
14. A process according to claim 13 wherein:
between about 5 and about 23% cationic electroconductive polymer, between about 8 and about 18%
uncooked starch, and between about 40 and about 80% pig-ment are blended in step (a);
between about 1 and about 6% cross-linking insolubilizer resin and between about 0.5 and about 3%
anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt are added in step (d) to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c);
the base paper coated in step (e) contains between about 20 and 100% groundwood fiber, up to about 80% sulfite fiber and up to about 80% kraft fiber; and the base paper is coated in step (e) with the coating composition obtained in step (d) to a dry coating weight of between about 2 and about 12 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
between about 5 and about 23% cationic electroconductive polymer, between about 8 and about 18%
uncooked starch, and between about 40 and about 80% pig-ment are blended in step (a);
between about 1 and about 6% cross-linking insolubilizer resin and between about 0.5 and about 3%
anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt are added in step (d) to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c);
the base paper coated in step (e) contains between about 20 and 100% groundwood fiber, up to about 80% sulfite fiber and up to about 80% kraft fiber; and the base paper is coated in step (e) with the coating composition obtained in step (d) to a dry coating weight of between about 2 and about 12 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
15. A process according to claim 14 wherein:
between about 12 and about 18% cationic electroconductive polymer, between about 10 and about 14% uncooked starch, and between about 65 and about 75%
of pigment are blended in step (a);
between about 2 and about 3% cross-linking insolubilizer resin and between about 1 and about 2%
anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt are added in step (d) to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c);
the base paper coated in step (e) contains between about 50 and about 60% groundwood fiber, between about 20 and about 30% sulfite fiber, and between about 15 and about 25% kraft fiber; and the base paper is coated on both sides to a dry coating weight of between about 4 and about 6 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
between about 12 and about 18% cationic electroconductive polymer, between about 10 and about 14% uncooked starch, and between about 65 and about 75%
of pigment are blended in step (a);
between about 2 and about 3% cross-linking insolubilizer resin and between about 1 and about 2%
anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt are added in step (d) to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c);
the base paper coated in step (e) contains between about 50 and about 60% groundwood fiber, between about 20 and about 30% sulfite fiber, and between about 15 and about 25% kraft fiber; and the base paper is coated on both sides to a dry coating weight of between about 4 and about 6 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
16. A process according to claim 14 wherein the paper substrate is provided with a dielectric or electrophotographic coating applied to at least one of said conductive coatings.
17. A process according to claim 13, 14 or 15 , wherein the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quaternary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin.
18. A process according to claim 13, 14, or 15 , wherein uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethlyated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch.
19. A process according to claim 13, 14 or 15, wherein the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicates, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene.
20. A process according to claim 13, 14 or 15, wherein the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin.
21. A process according to claim 13, 14 or 15,wherein the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate.
22. A process according to claim 13, wherein the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quaternary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethlyated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch;
the pigment is kaolin clay, calined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin;
and the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate.
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethlyated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch;
the pigment is kaolin clay, calined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin;
and the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate.
23. A process according to claim 22 wherein:
the cationic electroconductive polymer is polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch;
the pigment is a mixture of titanium dioxide, kaolin clay and microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formadehyde resin.
the cationic electroconductive polymer is polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch;
the pigment is a mixture of titanium dioxide, kaolin clay and microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formadehyde resin.
24. A conductive composition for coating onto a base paper to form a substrate for the application of a dielectric or electrophotographic coating for use in electrographic or electrophotographic copying, said composition being formed by:
(a) blending a cationic electroconduc-tive polymer, uncooked starch and a pigment with water under high sheer agitation to form a uniform slurry;
(b) jet-cooking the slurry obtained in step (a) at a temperature of between about 225° and about 325°F;
(c) cooling the jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (b) to a temperature of about 120°F or less; and (d) adding a cross-linking insolubilizer resin and an anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c) under agitation to form the conductive coating composition.
(a) blending a cationic electroconduc-tive polymer, uncooked starch and a pigment with water under high sheer agitation to form a uniform slurry;
(b) jet-cooking the slurry obtained in step (a) at a temperature of between about 225° and about 325°F;
(c) cooling the jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (b) to a temperature of about 120°F or less; and (d) adding a cross-linking insolubilizer resin and an anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c) under agitation to form the conductive coating composition.
25. A composition according to claim 24 wherein:
between about 5 and about 23% cationic electroconductive polymer, between about 8 and about 18%
uncooked starch, and between about 40 and about 80%
pigment are blended in step (a); and between about 1 and about 6% cross-linking insolubilizer resin and between about 0.5 and about 3%
anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt are added in step (d) to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c).
between about 5 and about 23% cationic electroconductive polymer, between about 8 and about 18%
uncooked starch, and between about 40 and about 80%
pigment are blended in step (a); and between about 1 and about 6% cross-linking insolubilizer resin and between about 0.5 and about 3%
anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt are added in step (d) to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c).
26. A composition according to claim 25 wherein:
between about 12 and about 18% cationic electroconductive polymer, between about 10 and about 14% uncooked starch, and between about 65 and about 75%
pigment are blended in step (a); and between about 2 and about 3% cross-linking insolubilizer resin and between about 1 and about 2%
anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt are added in step (d) to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c).
between about 12 and about 18% cationic electroconductive polymer, between about 10 and about 14% uncooked starch, and between about 65 and about 75%
pigment are blended in step (a); and between about 2 and about 3% cross-linking insolubilizer resin and between about 1 and about 2%
anionic or amphoteric fluorocarbon salt are added in step (d) to the cooled jet-cooked slurry obtained in step (c).
27. A composition according to claim 24, 25 or 26 wherein the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quaternary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin.
28. A composition according to claim 24, 25 or 26 wherein the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethlyated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch.
29. A composition according to claim 24, 25 or 26 wherein the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene.
30. A composition according to claim 24, 25 or 26 wherein the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin.
31. A composition according to claim 24, 25 or 26 wherein the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate.
32. A composition according to claim 24, 25 or 26 wherein:
the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quaternary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethlyated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch.
the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin;
the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a perfluoroethyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate.
the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quaternary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethlyated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch.
the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin;
the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a perfluoroethyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl) phosphate.
33. A composition according to claim 24, 25 or 26 wherein:
the cationic electroconductive polymer is polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch;
the pigment is a mixture of titanium dioxide, kaolin clay and microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
the cationic electroconductive polymer is polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch;
the pigment is a mixture of titanium dioxide, kaolin clay and microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
34. A paper substrate according to claims 4 or 5 wherein the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quaternary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydi-methyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammo-nium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin.
35. A paper substrate according to claim 4 or 5 wherein the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethy-lated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch.
36. A paper substrate according to claim 4 or 5 wherein the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene.
37. A paper substrate according to claim 4 or 5 wherein the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin.
38. A paper substrate according to claim 4 or 5 wherein the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a per-fluoroalkyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-per-fluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl)phosphate.
39. A paper substrate according to claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein:
the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quater-nary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltri-methylammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethy-lated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch;
the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the base paper is coated on both sides to a dry coating weight of between about 4 and about 6 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quater-nary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltri-methylammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethy-lated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch;
the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the base paper is coated on both sides to a dry coating weight of between about 4 and about 6 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38-inch paper.
40. A paper substrate according to claim 5 wherein:
the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quater-nary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethy-lated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch;
the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the base paper is coated on both sides to a dry coat-ing weight of between about 4 and about 6 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38- inch paper.
the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quater-nary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethy-lated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch;
the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the base paper is coated on both sides to a dry coat-ing weight of between about 4 and about 6 pounds per side per ream of 25 x 38- inch paper.
41. A process according to claim 16 wherein the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quaternary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldial-lylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin.
42. A process according to claim 16 wherein uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethylated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch.
43. A process according to claim 16 wherein the pig-ment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, tita-nium dioxide, aluminum silicates, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene.
44. A process according to claim 16 wherein the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin.
45. A process according to claim 16 wherein the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a perfluoroalkyl phos-phate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroethylsulfon-amidoethyl)phosphate.
46. A process according to claim 14, 15 or 16 where-in:
the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quater-nary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethy-lated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch;
the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin; and the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a per-fluoroalkyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-per-fluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl)phosphate.
the cationic electroconductive polymer is a quater-nary ammonium resin selected from the group consisting of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyvinylbenzyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride and quaternized polyepichlorohydrin;
the uncooked starch is cationic starch, hydroxyethy-lated starch, oxidized starch, or acetylated starch;
the pigment is kaolin clay, calcined clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicate, talc, barium sulfate or microspherical styrene;
the cross-linking insolubilizer resin is a melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin; and the fluorocarbon salt is an anionic salt of a per-fluoroalkyl phosphate ester or ammonium bis-(N-ethyl-2-per-fluoroethylsulfonamidoethyl)phosphate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US97448978A | 1978-12-29 | 1978-12-29 | |
| US974,489 | 1978-12-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1140332A true CA1140332A (en) | 1983-02-01 |
Family
ID=25522104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000324056A Expired CA1140332A (en) | 1978-12-29 | 1979-03-23 | Electroconductive coated paper |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1140332A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4738726A (en) * | 1985-05-06 | 1988-04-19 | Engelhard Corporation | Treatment of clays with cationic polymers to prepare high bulking pigments |
| WO2001055793A1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-02 | M-Real Oyj | Method of producing printed matter |
| EP2693274A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2014-02-05 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Conductive member |
| US9811021B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2017-11-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Conductive member |
| US11453978B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2022-09-27 | Stora Enso Oyj | Process for surface sizing using a jet cooked dispersion comprising microfibrillated cellulose, starch and pigment and/or filler |
-
1979
- 1979-03-23 CA CA000324056A patent/CA1140332A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4738726A (en) * | 1985-05-06 | 1988-04-19 | Engelhard Corporation | Treatment of clays with cationic polymers to prepare high bulking pigments |
| WO2001055793A1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-02 | M-Real Oyj | Method of producing printed matter |
| AU767683B2 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2003-11-20 | Sappi Netherlands Services B.V. | Method of producing printed matter |
| US6893789B2 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2005-05-17 | M-Real Oyj | Method of producing printed matter |
| CN1295569C (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2007-01-17 | M-真实公司 | Method of producing printed matter |
| EP2693274A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2014-02-05 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Conductive member |
| EP2693274A4 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2014-09-03 | Canon Kk | Conductive member |
| US9811021B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2017-11-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Conductive member |
| US10996581B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2021-05-04 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Conductive member |
| US11453978B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2022-09-27 | Stora Enso Oyj | Process for surface sizing using a jet cooked dispersion comprising microfibrillated cellulose, starch and pigment and/or filler |
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