CA1072873A - Corrugating process - Google Patents
Corrugating processInfo
- Publication number
- CA1072873A CA1072873A CA255,859A CA255859A CA1072873A CA 1072873 A CA1072873 A CA 1072873A CA 255859 A CA255859 A CA 255859A CA 1072873 A CA1072873 A CA 1072873A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- roll
- adhesive
- corrugated
- ridges
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The product is a laminar composite of two or more adhesively bonded layers of sheet material, one of which has a corrugated surface contour at the interface between the layers. The layers are bonded together at the ridges of the corrugated surface of the one layer, and the bond on each ridge consists essentially of a series of relatively localized spots of solid phase adhesive material which are located at intervals spaced apart from one another lengthwise of the ridge. The bonding operation is accomplished by causing relative motion between the corrugated layer and a series of spaced, parallel lines of adhesive material which are disposed crosswise of the ridges of the layer and contacted with the ridges so as to deposit the spots thereon.
The product is a laminar composite of two or more adhesively bonded layers of sheet material, one of which has a corrugated surface contour at the interface between the layers. The layers are bonded together at the ridges of the corrugated surface of the one layer, and the bond on each ridge consists essentially of a series of relatively localized spots of solid phase adhesive material which are located at intervals spaced apart from one another lengthwise of the ridge. The bonding operation is accomplished by causing relative motion between the corrugated layer and a series of spaced, parallel lines of adhesive material which are disposed crosswise of the ridges of the layer and contacted with the ridges so as to deposit the spots thereon.
Description
~ 3 This invention concerns an apparatus and technique for manu-facturing a laminar composite of two or more adhesively bonded layers of sheet material, one of which has a corrugated surface contour at the inter-face between the layers. The composite may, for example, comprise two or more adhesively bonded layers of a wood fiber or pulp sheet material, such as two or more layers of the paper-like material from which corrugated con-tainers are made. The term "corrugated" is synonymous with a surface con-tour in which there are alternate, straight, parallel ridges and grooves that extend in serial array across one dimension or direction of the surface.
Ordinarily, the ridges and grooves are also substantially sinusoidally con- -toured in this direction, but in the broader context of the invention, they ~-may be formed otherwise, as shall be apparent from the description of the invention which follows hereinafter.
As indicated, the invention is especially applicable to the manu-facture of corrugated paper products. In the paper industry, these paper products are commonly known as "corrugated board", and they each comprise a core layer having a corrugated .. .' '," .
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1 body configuration, and at least one other, but more often two
Ordinarily, the ridges and grooves are also substantially sinusoidally con- -toured in this direction, but in the broader context of the invention, they ~-may be formed otherwise, as shall be apparent from the description of the invention which follows hereinafter.
As indicated, the invention is especially applicable to the manu-facture of corrugated paper products. In the paper industry, these paper products are commonly known as "corrugated board", and they each comprise a core layer having a corrugated .. .' '," .
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1 body configuration, and at least one other, but more often two
2 other layers which are sandwiched with the core layer and have
3 substantially planar body conflgurations. The three-layer product is known as "double-faced board" and is commonly manufactured in 5 a machine which receives pliable webs of the board material and 6 passes them about and between a se~ies of power driven rolls 7 which operate, first, to impart a corrugated body configuration 8 to the corrugated layer web, and then in one or more subsequent 9 stages, to bond each of the respective planar layer webs to the 10 corrugated layer web. Each bonding operation .is accomplished by 11 applying adhesive to the ridges of the corrugated layer web, and 12 then contacting the respective planar layer web with the ridges 13 and pressing the two webs together until a bond is achieved 14 between the webs. Moreover, in the typ.ical machine, the corrugat:ing 15 operation and the initial bonding operation are closely integrated 16 in that the machine includes a pair of cooperating corrugating 17 rolls, and after the corrugated layer web has been passed about 18 one of thQ corrugating rolls and put through the nip between them ~9 to give it its corrugated body configuration, the web is temporarily retained on the other corrugating roll, that is, on the web-21 discharging roll, while the-adhesive is applied to the ridges of 22 the web and one of the planar layer webs is bonded to it as 23 indicatèd. Afterward, the composite is discharged from the roll 2~ and in a subsequent operation the other planar layer web is 25 bonded to the other side of the corrugated layer web, using the 26 same bonding technique but without the necessity for a back-up 27 roll for the corrugated layer web inasmuch as the corrugated body 28 configuration of the web is now fixed by the nature of t~e composite .
29 Heretofore, two techniques have been employed for 30 temporarily retaining the corrugated layer web on ehe web-..
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~ 8~3 1 ¦dischargin~ roll and in re~istry with the contour thereof. One 2 ¦technique has involved s-tationing a set of arcuate fingers at 3 ¦circumferentially outboard sites along the length of the roll to ~t ¦con~ine the web to the periphery of the roll while a mating, 5 ¦circumferentially-grooved applicator roll applies adhesive to the 6 ¦ridyes of the web. The other technique has involved building a 7 ¦set of arcua-te grooves into the periphery of the roll at circum-8 ¦ferentially inboard sites along the length thereo, and applying 9 la vacuum to the grooves to hold the web on the roll while the 10 ¦adhesive is applied to the ridges of the same. Both techniques 11¦ have been operative to retain the web on the web-discharging 12¦ roll, but they have produced serious defects in the product. For ¦ example, the outboard finger technique has produced a defect in 1~¦ the fact that the fingers interrupt the continuity o the adhesive 15¦ applicator surEace, lengthwise thereof, and these interruptions 16¦ in turn produce interruptions in the glue lines that are formed 17¦ on the ridges of the corrugated layer web. Also, the fingers 18¦ produce indentations in the ridges at the sites of the interrup-19¦ tions, and the indentations are aligned with one another on 2~ perpendiculars to the ridges so that the corrugated board product 21 incorporates lines of weakness about which it tends to buckle or 22¦ upture when it is subjected to compression lengthwise of the 23 idges. The character of these lines of weakness is illustrated 2~ in the accompanying drawings and will be described in greater etail in connection with them.
~6 Furthermorej the outboard finger technique has produced 27 defect in the fact that the fingers do not hold the corrugated ~8 ayer web in strict registry with the contour of the web~discharging 29 oll. That is/ the web is able to "play" up and down in the 3~ ¦grooves of t oll, and in doing so, develops malformations in ¦
29 Heretofore, two techniques have been employed for 30 temporarily retaining the corrugated layer web on ehe web-..
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~ 8~3 1 ¦dischargin~ roll and in re~istry with the contour thereof. One 2 ¦technique has involved s-tationing a set of arcuate fingers at 3 ¦circumferentially outboard sites along the length of the roll to ~t ¦con~ine the web to the periphery of the roll while a mating, 5 ¦circumferentially-grooved applicator roll applies adhesive to the 6 ¦ridyes of the web. The other technique has involved building a 7 ¦set of arcua-te grooves into the periphery of the roll at circum-8 ¦ferentially inboard sites along the length thereo, and applying 9 la vacuum to the grooves to hold the web on the roll while the 10 ¦adhesive is applied to the ridges of the same. Both techniques 11¦ have been operative to retain the web on the web-discharging 12¦ roll, but they have produced serious defects in the product. For ¦ example, the outboard finger technique has produced a defect in 1~¦ the fact that the fingers interrupt the continuity o the adhesive 15¦ applicator surEace, lengthwise thereof, and these interruptions 16¦ in turn produce interruptions in the glue lines that are formed 17¦ on the ridges of the corrugated layer web. Also, the fingers 18¦ produce indentations in the ridges at the sites of the interrup-19¦ tions, and the indentations are aligned with one another on 2~ perpendiculars to the ridges so that the corrugated board product 21 incorporates lines of weakness about which it tends to buckle or 22¦ upture when it is subjected to compression lengthwise of the 23 idges. The character of these lines of weakness is illustrated 2~ in the accompanying drawings and will be described in greater etail in connection with them.
~6 Furthermorej the outboard finger technique has produced 27 defect in the fact that the fingers do not hold the corrugated ~8 ayer web in strict registry with the contour of the web~discharging 29 oll. That is/ the web is able to "play" up and down in the 3~ ¦grooves of t oll, and in doing so, develops malformations in ¦
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1~7'~73 1 its body configuration, and oE course, develops them even as the 2 first planar layer web and the corrugated layer web are being 3 ¦interfaced with one another. ~s a result, there is no assurance ¦that the corrugated layer of the product will have a true corrugated
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1~7'~73 1 its body configuration, and oE course, develops them even as the 2 first planar layer web and the corrugated layer web are being 3 ¦interfaced with one another. ~s a result, there is no assurance ¦that the corrugated layer of the product will have a true corrugated
5 ¦body configuration, nor any assurance -that it will have been
6 ¦properly interfaced with the first planar layer, and as a con-
7 ¦sequence, the industry must often accept in the product what are
8 ¦known as "high and low flutes" and "leaning flutes".
9 ¦ The inboard vacuum groove technique has produced a
10 ¦defect in the fact that-the vacuum grooves produce actual interrup-ll ¦tions in the corrugated body configuration of the corrugated 12 ¦layer, and of course, this again is a defect which in~luences the 13¦ basic character of the product.
14¦ ~leretofore, moreover, the principal adhes`ive employed 15¦ in each of the bonding operations has been an adhesive such as 16¦ starch or sodium silicate which requires cutting with water or 17¦ some other dispersant which provides a vehicle whereby the adhesive 18¦ is satisfactorily dispersed for use, and in particular, suf~i-l91 ciently dispersed to enable it to penetrate the sub-surface 20¦ fibers of the webs and achieve the necessary physical e~ect. In 21¦ order to achieve this effect, however, it has been necessary to ; 22 ¦ careully proportion the quantity of the dispersant in relatlon 231 to the quantity o~ the adhesive solid. Since the available 24 1 dispersant-cut adhesives comprise only about 25% solids, it has 2~1 aIso been necessary to lay down a thick line of the adhesive on 26¦ each ridge o~ the corrugated layer web, in order to assure tha~
27 an adequate amount of adhesive solids will remain for the bonding 28 e~fect a~ter the dispersant has evaporated.
29 Additionally, it has been necessary to maintain a line 30 thickn~ss con stent with th; mechanical to1erances o~ tbe adh~sive ~ ' ~.
~ 7~873 ( 1 applica-tor equipment,-and the caliper differences o~ the web 2 materials. In particular, the equipment has almost always included 3 an applicator roll and a doctor roll with machined surfaces, and 4 the mechanical tolerances of these surfaces, together with the 5 usual caliper di~ferences between the web materials, have made it 6 imperative that the doctor roll leaves a film on the applicator 7 roll, which is sufficiently "thick" to assure that the roll in 8 turn will develop a line of adhesive on the ridges of the corrugated 9 layer web, which is sufficlently "thick" to assure that the 10 adhesive in turn will "bridge" between the webs when they are
14¦ ~leretofore, moreover, the principal adhes`ive employed 15¦ in each of the bonding operations has been an adhesive such as 16¦ starch or sodium silicate which requires cutting with water or 17¦ some other dispersant which provides a vehicle whereby the adhesive 18¦ is satisfactorily dispersed for use, and in particular, suf~i-l91 ciently dispersed to enable it to penetrate the sub-surface 20¦ fibers of the webs and achieve the necessary physical e~ect. In 21¦ order to achieve this effect, however, it has been necessary to ; 22 ¦ careully proportion the quantity of the dispersant in relatlon 231 to the quantity o~ the adhesive solid. Since the available 24 1 dispersant-cut adhesives comprise only about 25% solids, it has 2~1 aIso been necessary to lay down a thick line of the adhesive on 26¦ each ridge o~ the corrugated layer web, in order to assure tha~
27 an adequate amount of adhesive solids will remain for the bonding 28 e~fect a~ter the dispersant has evaporated.
29 Additionally, it has been necessary to maintain a line 30 thickn~ss con stent with th; mechanical to1erances o~ tbe adh~sive ~ ' ~.
~ 7~873 ( 1 applica-tor equipment,-and the caliper differences o~ the web 2 materials. In particular, the equipment has almost always included 3 an applicator roll and a doctor roll with machined surfaces, and 4 the mechanical tolerances of these surfaces, together with the 5 usual caliper di~ferences between the web materials, have made it 6 imperative that the doctor roll leaves a film on the applicator 7 roll, which is sufficiently "thick" to assure that the roll in 8 turn will develop a line of adhesive on the ridges of the corrugated 9 layer web, which is sufficlently "thick" to assure that the 10 adhesive in turn will "bridge" between the webs when they are
11 contacted with one another. In short then, the bonding operation
12 as a whole has been quite delicate, since it has involved critical
13 limits ~or the web and adhesive materials, and a high degree of
14 precision in the adhesive applicator equipment.
For the foregoing reasons, the corrugated board indus-try 16 has long sought other laminating techniques and/or other adhesive 17 aterials. One area of investigation in recent years has been 18 the possibili ty of using the so-called hot melt or solid phase 19 adhesives in place of the old dispersant-cut adhesives just 2~ entioned. The solid phase adhesives need not be appreciably cut 21 by any dispersant, and have the advantage that their adhesive 22 echanism does not require penetrating the sub-surface fibers of 23 the webs, nor the application of heat to the composite. Also, 24 they can be used with a wide variety of substrates, even those 2~ which are relati~ely water impermeable. However, in spite of 2~ these advantages, they hava not been widely used in the industry 27 because of the mechanical problems which the industry has faced 28 in adapting them to the same equipment which was built for the 29 dispersant-cut adhesives.
30 ~ These latter problems have been twofold. First, in 31 order to lay down the minimum linè thickness required by the ,, .
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1 ¦e~xisting e~1uipment, it has been necessary to lay down far more 2 ¦solid phase adhesive -than is needed, and this in turn has proven 3 Ito be far too expensive in view of the relative cost of the solid 4 ¦phase adhesives. ~lso, this minimum line thickness has produced 51 a far larger "body" of adhesive across the interface between the 6 ¦webs than is actually desired. In fact, the body of adhesive has 71 been so great as to constitute virtually a third medium or stratum 8 ¦at each interface, and as such, has required a full structural 9¦ integrity of its own. Again, all of this has followed from the 10¦ fact that lhe existing equipment is designed and constructed to 11¦ lay down a line of adhesive having only approximately 25% solids, 12¦ hereas the new solid phase aclhesives run upward of ioo% solids.
13¦ Thus, the same line of solid phase adhesive produces a far larger 141 ody of set adhesive at each interace, and this body may in fact
For the foregoing reasons, the corrugated board indus-try 16 has long sought other laminating techniques and/or other adhesive 17 aterials. One area of investigation in recent years has been 18 the possibili ty of using the so-called hot melt or solid phase 19 adhesives in place of the old dispersant-cut adhesives just 2~ entioned. The solid phase adhesives need not be appreciably cut 21 by any dispersant, and have the advantage that their adhesive 22 echanism does not require penetrating the sub-surface fibers of 23 the webs, nor the application of heat to the composite. Also, 24 they can be used with a wide variety of substrates, even those 2~ which are relati~ely water impermeable. However, in spite of 2~ these advantages, they hava not been widely used in the industry 27 because of the mechanical problems which the industry has faced 28 in adapting them to the same equipment which was built for the 29 dispersant-cut adhesives.
30 ~ These latter problems have been twofold. First, in 31 order to lay down the minimum linè thickness required by the ,, .
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1 ¦e~xisting e~1uipment, it has been necessary to lay down far more 2 ¦solid phase adhesive -than is needed, and this in turn has proven 3 Ito be far too expensive in view of the relative cost of the solid 4 ¦phase adhesives. ~lso, this minimum line thickness has produced 51 a far larger "body" of adhesive across the interface between the 6 ¦webs than is actually desired. In fact, the body of adhesive has 71 been so great as to constitute virtually a third medium or stratum 8 ¦at each interface, and as such, has required a full structural 9¦ integrity of its own. Again, all of this has followed from the 10¦ fact that lhe existing equipment is designed and constructed to 11¦ lay down a line of adhesive having only approximately 25% solids, 12¦ hereas the new solid phase aclhesives run upward of ioo% solids.
13¦ Thus, the same line of solid phase adhesive produces a far larger 141 ody of set adhesive at each interace, and this body may in fact
15¦ e so great as to actually prevent the two layers from closely
16¦ contacting one another, as is desirable in any bond which is to 171 have a high structural integrity. On the other hand, all a-ttempts 18¦ to reduce the line thickness of the adhesive have met with little 19¦ or no success, because in each case, it has still been necessary 20¦ to lay down a thickness which can achieve a "bridge" between the 211 two webs, and this "bridge" in turn requires substantially the 22¦ same film thickness which was used previously with the dispersant-231 cut adhesives.
241 Second, the new adhesives have also posed maintenance 251 problems in the equipment itself. Due to their higher solids 26¦ content, they are far more viscous and "gummy" in nature, and 271 this characteristic is particularly troublesome when outboard 28¦ fingers are employed, since the adhesive tends to collect on the 291 fingers, and in the finger grooves, and to cause clogging or 301 : :
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- ' ~qZ873 jamming o~ the fingers in the ~rooves. The adhesive also tends to pull the corrugated layer web off of the corrugating roll, due to the tackiness generated by the adhesive between the applicator roll and the web.
In brief, the present invention eliminates the defects which the prior art equipment produced in the product, while at the same time making it possible to use the new solid phase adhesives in the process without the foregoing problems.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of laminating two or more layers of sheet material, one of which has a corrugated surface thereon and the other of which has a planar surface thereon, comprising passing the corrugated surface defining layer about a carrier roll, generating a pressure differential across the carrier roll to `-retain the corrugated surface defining layer thereon, juxtaposing a plain cylindrically surfaced adhesive applicator roll adjacent the corrugated surface defining layer, depositing adhesive on the plain cylindrical surface of the applicator roll, forming the deposi1:ed adhesive into a series of spaced parallel lines of adhesive which are disposed crosswise of the ridges ; o the corrugated surface defining layer "^otating the carrier and adhesive applicator rolls in juxtaposition to one another to contact the lines of adhesive with the ridges of the corrugated surface defining layer and there-by deposit series of spaced, pressure deformable spots of adhesive along the lengths of the ridges of said layer, and thereafter contacting the planar surface of the other layer with the series of spots on the ridges of the ;
corrugated surface defining layer, pressing the two layers together so that they splay the respective spots in*o the spaces therebetween and form sub-stantially continuous lines of adhesive along the lengths of the ridges, and bonding the two layers together at the lines of adhesive on the ridges, including at points on the planar surface of the other layer coinciding with the spaces between the spots.
In this way, the thickness of the "lines" of adhesive on the ridges can be set at whatever dimension is necessary to account for the ` mechanical tolerances of the applicator equipment and the caliperdifferences -`' - 8 .
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between the two layers. This follows from the fact that when the two layers are pressed together, the spaces between the spots accommodate the adhesive and enable the layers to achieve an optimum condition in which they closely approach one another, if in fact they do not contact one another. On the other hand, the pressure applied to the layers need only be that which is sufficient to achieve the splaying effect, and generally this is less than that which would cause one layer to deform the surface of the other. In practice, the optimum splaying effect is determined empirically and is that which achieves the maximum bonding effect without deforming the surfaces of the layers.
The spacing of the intervals between spots is a function of whether a continuous or discontinuous line of adhesive is sought, as well as a func-tion of the splay which can occur within the above described limits. Where the spacing is siz~able, it is preferred to stagger the spots in relation to one another from one ridge to the next. In this way the spots are always out of alignment with one another perpendicularly of the ridges. On the other hand, where the frequency of the spots is such that they splay together, they may be aligned with one another from one ridge to the next.
In the initial bonding operation, the lines may be formed on and about an adhesive applicator roll which is rotated in juxtaposition to the corrugated surface defining layer.
The lines of adhesive may be formed by using a plain cylindrical -adhesive applicator roll, depositing the adhesive on the roll, and doctoring the roll with a grooved doctoring device to remove all but the adhesive in the grooves.
Where a staggered effect is desired, the grooved doctoring device may have a helical groove therein. Alternatively, ~he doctoring device may have axially spaced grooves therein, and may be oscillated lengthwise of the axis. Also, in such a case, the grooves may extend circumferentially of the device and the device may also be rotated about the axis.
According to one technique for generating a pressure differential across the corrugated surface defining layer on the carrier roll, the _ g - ''' "' .- ,, . , - , .. .,, . : .
~ ~12 ~3 carrier roll may be apertured, and a vacuum may be generated inside of the roll and applied to the apertures so as to retain the layer on the roll.
Where the corrugated surface defining layer has a corrugated body configura-tion, preferably, the carrier roll has a corresponding outer peripheral surface contour, and the apertures are disposed in the grooves in the outer peripheral surface of the roll. Preferably, too, each groove has a series of apertures therein which are spaced apart from one another lengthwise of the groove.
Where the layers are laminated to one another in a corrugated board -forming machine, the carrier roll for the corrugated layer web may be the web-discharging roll in the pair of corrugating rolls which form the corru-gated body configuration of the web.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF T~IE DRAWINGS
These features will be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate one of the presently preferred embodi-ments of the invention and certain modifications thereof.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a schematic side elevational view of a double-facer corrugated board forming machine;
Figure 2 is a part perspective view of the first lamination stage of the machine wherein a first planar layer web is bonded to the corrugated layer web to form an intermediate single faced composite;
Figure 3 is a part plan view of the adhesive application stage of the first lamination stage;
Figure 4 is apart perspective view of the second lamination stage wherein a second planar layer web is bonded to the intermediate composite to form the final double-faced composite;
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~72~3 1 FIGURE 5 is a part plan view oE the adhesive application 2 stage in this second lamination stage;
3 FIGURE 6 is a part fragmented perspective view of the 4 final product;
FIGURE 7 is a similarly fragmented plan view of the 6 product; `
7 FIGURE 8 is a schematic part cross-sectional represen-8 tation of the contact stage of the second lamination s~age;
9 FIGURE 9 is another such representation of the pressure 10 application stage, illus-trating the splaying action which occurs 11 in the adhesive spots when the second planar layer web is pressed 12 into engagement with the intermediate composite;
13 FIGURE 10 .is a third such representation o~ the second 14 lamination stage after the splaying action has been completed and 15 thus illustrating the full effect of the splaying action; .
16 FIGURE 11 is a part perspective schematic representation .
241 Second, the new adhesives have also posed maintenance 251 problems in the equipment itself. Due to their higher solids 26¦ content, they are far more viscous and "gummy" in nature, and 271 this characteristic is particularly troublesome when outboard 28¦ fingers are employed, since the adhesive tends to collect on the 291 fingers, and in the finger grooves, and to cause clogging or 301 : :
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~ ; j;
- ' ~qZ873 jamming o~ the fingers in the ~rooves. The adhesive also tends to pull the corrugated layer web off of the corrugating roll, due to the tackiness generated by the adhesive between the applicator roll and the web.
In brief, the present invention eliminates the defects which the prior art equipment produced in the product, while at the same time making it possible to use the new solid phase adhesives in the process without the foregoing problems.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a method of laminating two or more layers of sheet material, one of which has a corrugated surface thereon and the other of which has a planar surface thereon, comprising passing the corrugated surface defining layer about a carrier roll, generating a pressure differential across the carrier roll to `-retain the corrugated surface defining layer thereon, juxtaposing a plain cylindrically surfaced adhesive applicator roll adjacent the corrugated surface defining layer, depositing adhesive on the plain cylindrical surface of the applicator roll, forming the deposi1:ed adhesive into a series of spaced parallel lines of adhesive which are disposed crosswise of the ridges ; o the corrugated surface defining layer "^otating the carrier and adhesive applicator rolls in juxtaposition to one another to contact the lines of adhesive with the ridges of the corrugated surface defining layer and there-by deposit series of spaced, pressure deformable spots of adhesive along the lengths of the ridges of said layer, and thereafter contacting the planar surface of the other layer with the series of spots on the ridges of the ;
corrugated surface defining layer, pressing the two layers together so that they splay the respective spots in*o the spaces therebetween and form sub-stantially continuous lines of adhesive along the lengths of the ridges, and bonding the two layers together at the lines of adhesive on the ridges, including at points on the planar surface of the other layer coinciding with the spaces between the spots.
In this way, the thickness of the "lines" of adhesive on the ridges can be set at whatever dimension is necessary to account for the ` mechanical tolerances of the applicator equipment and the caliperdifferences -`' - 8 .
Z~37~
between the two layers. This follows from the fact that when the two layers are pressed together, the spaces between the spots accommodate the adhesive and enable the layers to achieve an optimum condition in which they closely approach one another, if in fact they do not contact one another. On the other hand, the pressure applied to the layers need only be that which is sufficient to achieve the splaying effect, and generally this is less than that which would cause one layer to deform the surface of the other. In practice, the optimum splaying effect is determined empirically and is that which achieves the maximum bonding effect without deforming the surfaces of the layers.
The spacing of the intervals between spots is a function of whether a continuous or discontinuous line of adhesive is sought, as well as a func-tion of the splay which can occur within the above described limits. Where the spacing is siz~able, it is preferred to stagger the spots in relation to one another from one ridge to the next. In this way the spots are always out of alignment with one another perpendicularly of the ridges. On the other hand, where the frequency of the spots is such that they splay together, they may be aligned with one another from one ridge to the next.
In the initial bonding operation, the lines may be formed on and about an adhesive applicator roll which is rotated in juxtaposition to the corrugated surface defining layer.
The lines of adhesive may be formed by using a plain cylindrical -adhesive applicator roll, depositing the adhesive on the roll, and doctoring the roll with a grooved doctoring device to remove all but the adhesive in the grooves.
Where a staggered effect is desired, the grooved doctoring device may have a helical groove therein. Alternatively, ~he doctoring device may have axially spaced grooves therein, and may be oscillated lengthwise of the axis. Also, in such a case, the grooves may extend circumferentially of the device and the device may also be rotated about the axis.
According to one technique for generating a pressure differential across the corrugated surface defining layer on the carrier roll, the _ g - ''' "' .- ,, . , - , .. .,, . : .
~ ~12 ~3 carrier roll may be apertured, and a vacuum may be generated inside of the roll and applied to the apertures so as to retain the layer on the roll.
Where the corrugated surface defining layer has a corrugated body configura-tion, preferably, the carrier roll has a corresponding outer peripheral surface contour, and the apertures are disposed in the grooves in the outer peripheral surface of the roll. Preferably, too, each groove has a series of apertures therein which are spaced apart from one another lengthwise of the groove.
Where the layers are laminated to one another in a corrugated board -forming machine, the carrier roll for the corrugated layer web may be the web-discharging roll in the pair of corrugating rolls which form the corru-gated body configuration of the web.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF T~IE DRAWINGS
These features will be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate one of the presently preferred embodi-ments of the invention and certain modifications thereof.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a schematic side elevational view of a double-facer corrugated board forming machine;
Figure 2 is a part perspective view of the first lamination stage of the machine wherein a first planar layer web is bonded to the corrugated layer web to form an intermediate single faced composite;
Figure 3 is a part plan view of the adhesive application stage of the first lamination stage;
Figure 4 is apart perspective view of the second lamination stage wherein a second planar layer web is bonded to the intermediate composite to form the final double-faced composite;
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~72~3 1 FIGURE 5 is a part plan view oE the adhesive application 2 stage in this second lamination stage;
3 FIGURE 6 is a part fragmented perspective view of the 4 final product;
FIGURE 7 is a similarly fragmented plan view of the 6 product; `
7 FIGURE 8 is a schematic part cross-sectional represen-8 tation of the contact stage of the second lamination s~age;
9 FIGURE 9 is another such representation of the pressure 10 application stage, illus-trating the splaying action which occurs 11 in the adhesive spots when the second planar layer web is pressed 12 into engagement with the intermediate composite;
13 FIGURE 10 .is a third such representation o~ the second 14 lamination stage after the splaying action has been completed and 15 thus illustrating the full effect of the splaying action; .
16 FIGURE 11 is a part perspective schematic representation .
17 of the contact stage of the firc;t lamination stage, after the
18 adhesive has been spotted onto l:he corrugated layer web, but .
19 before the first planar layer web has been bonded therewith;
. FIGURE 12 is a similar representation of the first 21 lamination stage after the first planar layer web has been bonded 22 with the corrugated layer web;
23 - FIGURE 13 is a representation corresponding to FIGURE
~4 lI r but illustrating the undesirable result that would be achieved 25 were a continuous line of adhesive formed on each ridge of the 26 corrugated layer web;
27 FIGURE 14 is another such representation illustrating .
28 the composite whi.ch would be produced under the circumstance in 29 which such a line of adhesive was formed on each ridge;
30 __ :
ll ~~
. . ':
.
.
~ ~ 72 ~ 3 Figure 15, found on the same sheet as Figures 6 to 10, is a part cross-sectional schematic representation of the present product under com-pression;
Figure 16, found on the same sheet as Figures 6 to 10, is a similar representation of the product at the point of failure;
Figure 17, found on the same sheet as Figure 1, is a similar representation of a prior art product under compression;
Figure 18, found on the same sheet as Figure 1, is the same representation at the point of failure of the prior art product;
Figure 19, found on the same sheet as Figure 1, is a part fragment-ed perspective view of the prior art product;
Figure 20, found on the same sheet as Figure 1, is a part cross-sectional view of a finger-equipped corrugating roll of the type which has been employed in prior art apparatus for making the prior art product;
Figure 21 is a relatively enlarged part perspective view of a modified version of the adhesive application stage in the second lamination stage of the inventive machine; and Figure 22 is another such view of still another version of the adhesive application stage in the second lamination stage of the machine.
DESCRIPTION OF I~IE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring first to Figures 1-3, it will be seen that the machine employs three webs of paper 2, 4, and 6, one 2 of which is fed into the first lamination stage 8 from a carrier roll 10' at the center of the machine, and the other two 4 and 6 of which are fed into the first and second lamination stages, 8 and 12, respectively, from carrier rolls 10" and 10"' disposed more adjacent the ends of the machine. Each of the webs is fed by a power driven feed and conditioning roll 14', 14", or 14" ', and may or may not be -~
subjected to steam preheating, as for example at 15, depending on the nature of the adhesive employed.
d' ' - ' . .
, ~ . .. .
` ~V'7~73 ( 1 ¦The web 2 becomes the corrugated layer of the final composite 16, 2 ¦while the webs 4 and 6 become the first and second facing layers.
3 ¦ The web 2 is given its corrugated body configuration in 4 ¦the first lamination stage, as a consequence of being passed 5 ¦through the nip 18 (FIGURE 2) between a pair of power driven 6 ¦corrugating rolls 20 and 22 which are juxtaposed ln parallel but ¦vertically staggered relationship to one another and mated together B ¦in conventional fashion at the nip. The relatively upper, web-9 ¦receiving roll 20 is driven in the counterclockwise direction, 10¦ whereas the relatively l~wer web-discharging roll 22 is driven in 11¦ the clockwise direction. Normally, at least the upper roll i5 12¦ steam heated. Also, the lower roll 22 is equipped with a vacuum 13¦ eans 24 Eor temporarily retaining the corrugated layer web 2 on 14¦ the exterior surface 26 (F~GURE 3) of the same, ater the web has 15¦ exited from the nip 18 with its corrugated bod~ configuration.
16¦ The vacuum means is also operati.ve to maintain the corrugated 17¦ layer web in close registry with the contour of the surface 26, 18¦ and maintains it in such condition while the web is spotted with 19¦ adhesive and then laminated with the first facing-layer web 4.
. FIGURE 12 is a similar representation of the first 21 lamination stage after the first planar layer web has been bonded 22 with the corrugated layer web;
23 - FIGURE 13 is a representation corresponding to FIGURE
~4 lI r but illustrating the undesirable result that would be achieved 25 were a continuous line of adhesive formed on each ridge of the 26 corrugated layer web;
27 FIGURE 14 is another such representation illustrating .
28 the composite whi.ch would be produced under the circumstance in 29 which such a line of adhesive was formed on each ridge;
30 __ :
ll ~~
. . ':
.
.
~ ~ 72 ~ 3 Figure 15, found on the same sheet as Figures 6 to 10, is a part cross-sectional schematic representation of the present product under com-pression;
Figure 16, found on the same sheet as Figures 6 to 10, is a similar representation of the product at the point of failure;
Figure 17, found on the same sheet as Figure 1, is a similar representation of a prior art product under compression;
Figure 18, found on the same sheet as Figure 1, is the same representation at the point of failure of the prior art product;
Figure 19, found on the same sheet as Figure 1, is a part fragment-ed perspective view of the prior art product;
Figure 20, found on the same sheet as Figure 1, is a part cross-sectional view of a finger-equipped corrugating roll of the type which has been employed in prior art apparatus for making the prior art product;
Figure 21 is a relatively enlarged part perspective view of a modified version of the adhesive application stage in the second lamination stage of the inventive machine; and Figure 22 is another such view of still another version of the adhesive application stage in the second lamination stage of the machine.
DESCRIPTION OF I~IE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring first to Figures 1-3, it will be seen that the machine employs three webs of paper 2, 4, and 6, one 2 of which is fed into the first lamination stage 8 from a carrier roll 10' at the center of the machine, and the other two 4 and 6 of which are fed into the first and second lamination stages, 8 and 12, respectively, from carrier rolls 10" and 10"' disposed more adjacent the ends of the machine. Each of the webs is fed by a power driven feed and conditioning roll 14', 14", or 14" ', and may or may not be -~
subjected to steam preheating, as for example at 15, depending on the nature of the adhesive employed.
d' ' - ' . .
, ~ . .. .
` ~V'7~73 ( 1 ¦The web 2 becomes the corrugated layer of the final composite 16, 2 ¦while the webs 4 and 6 become the first and second facing layers.
3 ¦ The web 2 is given its corrugated body configuration in 4 ¦the first lamination stage, as a consequence of being passed 5 ¦through the nip 18 (FIGURE 2) between a pair of power driven 6 ¦corrugating rolls 20 and 22 which are juxtaposed ln parallel but ¦vertically staggered relationship to one another and mated together B ¦in conventional fashion at the nip. The relatively upper, web-9 ¦receiving roll 20 is driven in the counterclockwise direction, 10¦ whereas the relatively l~wer web-discharging roll 22 is driven in 11¦ the clockwise direction. Normally, at least the upper roll i5 12¦ steam heated. Also, the lower roll 22 is equipped with a vacuum 13¦ eans 24 Eor temporarily retaining the corrugated layer web 2 on 14¦ the exterior surface 26 (F~GURE 3) of the same, ater the web has 15¦ exited from the nip 18 with its corrugated bod~ configuration.
16¦ The vacuum means is also operati.ve to maintain the corrugated 17¦ layer web in close registry with the contour of the surface 26, 18¦ and maintains it in such condition while the web is spotted with 19¦ adhesive and then laminated with the first facing-layer web 4.
20¦ ~he adhesive is applied to the aorrugatad layer web 2 by a power
21¦ driven adhesive applicator roll 28 which is mounted in parailel
22¦ ju~taposition with the roll 22 and contacted with the corrugated
23 layer web 2 while the web is subject to the vacuum in the roll.
24 The lamination step is accomplished by a pressure roll 30 which
25 is in receipt of the facing layer web 4 and mounted in parallel
26 juxtaposition with the roll 22 so as to feed the facing layer web
27 in the direction of travel of the corrugated layer web, and to
28 bond the facing layer web to the corrugated layer~web as the
29 latter exits from its path of travel around the roll 22. Afterward,
30 the intermediate two-layer composite 32 is reversed in direction, ~3 `~` . '~~ ~ . . .
`.,j . .. . . .
....
~ 8~3 1 and is fed out of the first lamination stage 8 into the second 2 stage 12 where the second facing layer web 6 is bonded to the 3 composite 32 in a somewhat simllar manner, but on the opposite 4 side of the web 2, as shall be explained hereinaEter.
Turning now to FIGURES 2 and 3 in particular, it will 6 be seen that each of the corrugating rolls 20 and 22 has a hollow 7 cylindrical body construction and is spider mounted on a fixed 8 spindle 34 or 36 for lightness. Alternatelyr each roll may be 9 hub mounted. In all events, each is also axially elongated, and 10 is equipped with fluting which runs in the axial direction so 11 that the exterior surface of the roll has alternate, straight, 12 parallel, axially extending, substantially sinusoidally contoured 13 ridges 38 and grooves 40 about the circumference thereof. Moreover, 14 the spindle 36 of the lower roll 22 is hollow and ported, and the 15 bottoms of the grooves 40 in the surface 26 of the roll have 16 pertures 42 therein which are spaced apart from one another 17 engthwise of the roll 22, but at relatively staggered locations 18 from one groove 40 to the next circumferentially of the roll.
19 he apertures open into the interior of the roll 22 and because f the ports 44 in the spindle 36, are subject to a vacuum which -21 s generated in the spindle by a vacuum producing means 46 inter-22 onnected with the spindle at one end thereof. The effect of the 2-~ acuum is limited, however, by the fact that the spindle 36 is 24 lso equipped with an arcuate shoe 48 which is secured to the pindle 36 so as to assume a position in which it is relativèly 26 otatably engaged with the interior surface of the roll 22 through-27 ut the clockwise arc defined between the nip 50 formed by the 28 ressure roll 30 and the lower corrugating roll ~2, and the nip 29 8 formed by the upper and lower corrugating rolls 20 and 22.
he shoe 48 effectively closes the apertures 42 over this arc, -:' ' ' ; ~ ' : :
~~_ . .
~, ' ' , ''' ,. :
1(~7~873 although as a practical matter the effect is only to save on the vacuum generating capacity of the vacuum producing m~ans 46, since the shoe could otherwise be discarded.
The adhesive applicator roll 28 also has a hollow cylindrical, spindle or hub mounted body construction and is coextensive with the lower corrugating roll 22 in the axial direction thereo~. However, the exterior surface of the adhesive applicator roll is grooved, and the groove 54 extends helically about the roll from one end thereof to the other, leaving a helical land 52 on the surface of the roll. The roll is driven in the counterclockwise direction and in operation, the land 52 relatively rotatably engages the exposed ridges 2' of the corrugated layer web 2 while the groove 54 moves opposite the ridges 2' and because of its helical path, moves from ridge to ridge at a slant dictated by the angle of the groove. Thus, the groove 54 interfaces with the ridges 2' at intervals which are spaced apart from one another lengthwise of the roll 22 but staggered in relation to one another from one ridge 2' to the next lengthwise of the web 2.
Bands of the bonding adhesive are formed in the groove 54 for contact with the ridges of the web. The bands are formed by applying the adhesive to the surface of the applicator roll 28 and then doctoring the surface with a doctor blade 56 which is interposed between the adhesive -applicator mechanism 58 and the lower corrugating roll 22 in the direction of travel of the applicator roll 28. The applicator mechanism 58 includes an adhesive carrier pipe 60. The pipe is arranged in parallel to the appli~
i cator roll 28 on the opposite side thereof from the lower corrugating roll, and is equipped with a series of longitudinally spaced and adjustably orificed nozzles ~2 which .. .
.:
- 15 ~
~ 2~ .
1 ¦convert it into a manifold for flooding the adhesive onto the 2 ¦surface of the roll at a point just ahead o~ the doctor blade 56 3 ¦The blade is angled to the roll 2a in the direction of travel, 4 ¦and is relatively rotatably engaged with the land 52 of the roll 5 Ito doctor the land in the manner indicated, there being a tray 64 6 ¦(FIGURE l) below the roll to catch and recirculate the removed 7 ¦adhesive. In addition, a smaller diameter pipe 66 extends coaxi~
~D ~ ~30~8~ ally of and within the manifold 60 to carry a hot -bY~i, such as 9 ¦oil, which effectively maintains the temperature of the adhesive 10 ¦at the required degree o-f flowability.
11¦ The pressure roll 30 is also lightly constructed, and 12¦ is coextensive with the lower corrugating roll 22 but characterized 13 with a plain, smooth, cylindrical surface 68 on the exterior 1~¦ thereof. The roll 30 is driven in the counterclockwise direction, 151 and as seen in FIGURE l, the first facin~ layer web 4 is passed 16¦ about the same after being first: passed through a pair of 17¦ cooperating tensioning rolls 70. The roll 30 lightly engages the 18¦ eb 4 with the adhesively spotted ridges 2' of the corrugated l9¦ la~er web 2, and effectively bonds one web to the other, as shali ~1 e more fully explained hereinafter with reference to FIGURES 6-21¦ 14. Moreover, because of the fact that throughout its path of 22¦ travel between the nip 18 and the nip 50, the corrugated layer 231 eb 2 is retained in close registry with the contour of the lower 241 orrugating roll, the web~ 2 and 4 are bonded to one another only 251 in the desired inter~acial relationship, and only in the desired 26 ody configuration for the corrugated layer web 2, as has been 27 xplained hereinbe~ore.
28 Referring now to FIGURES l, 4 and 5, it will be seen 29 that following the first lamination stage 8, a system 72 of belt 3Q conveyors effectively reverses the orientation of the composite ~ Ib ., . .
. -. .
`
~Q'~ 731 ~
1 32, so that the composite assumes a condition in which the first 2 facing layer web 4 is disposed above the corrugated layer web 2. .
3 The same condition continues as the composite 32 enters the 4 second lamina~ion stage 12, and in this stage,-adhesive is spotted 5 onto the ridges 2'' on the underside of the corrugated layer web, .
6 that is, the side opposite from the first facing layer web 4. -7 The means for applying the adhesive include a plain, smooth, 8 cylindrically surfaced, spindle mounted applicator roll 74. The 9 roll 74 is mounted crosswise of the composite 32 in cooperation .
10 with a power driven doctor device 76 which is relatively rotatably 11 engaged with the surface 80 of the roll so as to form a pattern of 12 raised, helically extending bands 78 of the adhesive on the roll 13 or application to the ridges 2'' of the web 2. As in the 14 first lamination stage, the adhesive is discharged onto the roll 15 74 from a heated manifold 60 ! the nozzles 62 o which are 16 tangentially angled to the roll :in the direction of travel thereof 17 and disposed at a point ahead of the doctor device 76. The 18 adhesive flows over the surface 80 of the roll and forms a coating 19 thereon, but the-coating is immediately doctored into the helical 20 pattern of the bands 78 by the doctor device 76. Consequently, 21 when the surface 80 o the roll interfaces with the ridges 2" of 22 the web 2, the adhesive is laid down on the ridges as localized .
23 spots 84 (FIGURES 8 and 11), and the spots are disposed at intervals .
24 spaced apart from one another lengthwise of the ridges 2" but 25 staggered in relation to one another from one ridge to the next 2G lengthwise of the composite 32.
27 The device 76 may take the form of a rotatably driven 28 rod 110 which has a helical groove therein, as in FIGURES 4 and 29 5; or the device 76 may take the form of a rod 112 which has 30 axially spaced grooves therein, and which is oscillated lengthwise ., , ~,, ; 1.
~ Z87 1 of its axis, as well ~s perhaps rotated about its axis. FIGURE
2 21 illustrates an arrangement wherein the device 76 takes the 3 form of a cylindrically formed but circumEerentially grooved rod 4 112' ~hich is rotated about its longitudinal axis as well as 5 oscillated lengthwise of the axis; whereas FIGURE 22 illustrates 6 an arrangement wherein the device 76 takes the form of a flat but 7 edge notched rod 112" which is simply oscill~ted lengthwise of 8 its edge.
9 In each case, the doctor device 76-is mounted on the 10 distal end of a blade 114 which is flexibly cantilevered in the 11 direction of the roll 74 and operative to yieldably engage the 12 device with the surface 80 of the roll. Referring to FIGURES 21 13 and 22 in particular, it Will be seen that the manifold 6~ has an 14 edge-reinforced bed plate 116 welded or otherwise secured to the 15 top thereof, and the blade 114 is clamped between this bed plate 16 and an overlying backup plate 118 so as to be flexibly cantilevered 17 from the plates in the direction of the roll 74. In addition, the 18 holes 120 for the clamping bolts 122 are slotted so that the 19 lade can be advanced and retracted with respect to the roll, and 20 adjustment screws 124 are provided in the built-up edge 116' of 21 the bed plate to use in shifting the blade in relation to the 22 roll. Also, the manifold 60 is adjustable rotatably so that the 23 blade can be inclined to the roll 74 at an appropriate angle to 24 aintain the doctor device 76 under a slight bias as it bear~ on 25 thP surfacè 80 o~ the roll. Cap screws 126 are also provided on 26 the top of the backup plate 118 to aid in adjusting the tension 27 in the blade, and altogether the arrangement is such that the 28 achine operator can place the doctor device 76 under sufficient 29 ias to assure that it will remain on the surface 80 of the roll otwithstanding that the surface may have a slight ellipticity or
`.,j . .. . . .
....
~ 8~3 1 and is fed out of the first lamination stage 8 into the second 2 stage 12 where the second facing layer web 6 is bonded to the 3 composite 32 in a somewhat simllar manner, but on the opposite 4 side of the web 2, as shall be explained hereinaEter.
Turning now to FIGURES 2 and 3 in particular, it will 6 be seen that each of the corrugating rolls 20 and 22 has a hollow 7 cylindrical body construction and is spider mounted on a fixed 8 spindle 34 or 36 for lightness. Alternatelyr each roll may be 9 hub mounted. In all events, each is also axially elongated, and 10 is equipped with fluting which runs in the axial direction so 11 that the exterior surface of the roll has alternate, straight, 12 parallel, axially extending, substantially sinusoidally contoured 13 ridges 38 and grooves 40 about the circumference thereof. Moreover, 14 the spindle 36 of the lower roll 22 is hollow and ported, and the 15 bottoms of the grooves 40 in the surface 26 of the roll have 16 pertures 42 therein which are spaced apart from one another 17 engthwise of the roll 22, but at relatively staggered locations 18 from one groove 40 to the next circumferentially of the roll.
19 he apertures open into the interior of the roll 22 and because f the ports 44 in the spindle 36, are subject to a vacuum which -21 s generated in the spindle by a vacuum producing means 46 inter-22 onnected with the spindle at one end thereof. The effect of the 2-~ acuum is limited, however, by the fact that the spindle 36 is 24 lso equipped with an arcuate shoe 48 which is secured to the pindle 36 so as to assume a position in which it is relativèly 26 otatably engaged with the interior surface of the roll 22 through-27 ut the clockwise arc defined between the nip 50 formed by the 28 ressure roll 30 and the lower corrugating roll ~2, and the nip 29 8 formed by the upper and lower corrugating rolls 20 and 22.
he shoe 48 effectively closes the apertures 42 over this arc, -:' ' ' ; ~ ' : :
~~_ . .
~, ' ' , ''' ,. :
1(~7~873 although as a practical matter the effect is only to save on the vacuum generating capacity of the vacuum producing m~ans 46, since the shoe could otherwise be discarded.
The adhesive applicator roll 28 also has a hollow cylindrical, spindle or hub mounted body construction and is coextensive with the lower corrugating roll 22 in the axial direction thereo~. However, the exterior surface of the adhesive applicator roll is grooved, and the groove 54 extends helically about the roll from one end thereof to the other, leaving a helical land 52 on the surface of the roll. The roll is driven in the counterclockwise direction and in operation, the land 52 relatively rotatably engages the exposed ridges 2' of the corrugated layer web 2 while the groove 54 moves opposite the ridges 2' and because of its helical path, moves from ridge to ridge at a slant dictated by the angle of the groove. Thus, the groove 54 interfaces with the ridges 2' at intervals which are spaced apart from one another lengthwise of the roll 22 but staggered in relation to one another from one ridge 2' to the next lengthwise of the web 2.
Bands of the bonding adhesive are formed in the groove 54 for contact with the ridges of the web. The bands are formed by applying the adhesive to the surface of the applicator roll 28 and then doctoring the surface with a doctor blade 56 which is interposed between the adhesive -applicator mechanism 58 and the lower corrugating roll 22 in the direction of travel of the applicator roll 28. The applicator mechanism 58 includes an adhesive carrier pipe 60. The pipe is arranged in parallel to the appli~
i cator roll 28 on the opposite side thereof from the lower corrugating roll, and is equipped with a series of longitudinally spaced and adjustably orificed nozzles ~2 which .. .
.:
- 15 ~
~ 2~ .
1 ¦convert it into a manifold for flooding the adhesive onto the 2 ¦surface of the roll at a point just ahead o~ the doctor blade 56 3 ¦The blade is angled to the roll 2a in the direction of travel, 4 ¦and is relatively rotatably engaged with the land 52 of the roll 5 Ito doctor the land in the manner indicated, there being a tray 64 6 ¦(FIGURE l) below the roll to catch and recirculate the removed 7 ¦adhesive. In addition, a smaller diameter pipe 66 extends coaxi~
~D ~ ~30~8~ ally of and within the manifold 60 to carry a hot -bY~i, such as 9 ¦oil, which effectively maintains the temperature of the adhesive 10 ¦at the required degree o-f flowability.
11¦ The pressure roll 30 is also lightly constructed, and 12¦ is coextensive with the lower corrugating roll 22 but characterized 13 with a plain, smooth, cylindrical surface 68 on the exterior 1~¦ thereof. The roll 30 is driven in the counterclockwise direction, 151 and as seen in FIGURE l, the first facin~ layer web 4 is passed 16¦ about the same after being first: passed through a pair of 17¦ cooperating tensioning rolls 70. The roll 30 lightly engages the 18¦ eb 4 with the adhesively spotted ridges 2' of the corrugated l9¦ la~er web 2, and effectively bonds one web to the other, as shali ~1 e more fully explained hereinafter with reference to FIGURES 6-21¦ 14. Moreover, because of the fact that throughout its path of 22¦ travel between the nip 18 and the nip 50, the corrugated layer 231 eb 2 is retained in close registry with the contour of the lower 241 orrugating roll, the web~ 2 and 4 are bonded to one another only 251 in the desired inter~acial relationship, and only in the desired 26 ody configuration for the corrugated layer web 2, as has been 27 xplained hereinbe~ore.
28 Referring now to FIGURES l, 4 and 5, it will be seen 29 that following the first lamination stage 8, a system 72 of belt 3Q conveyors effectively reverses the orientation of the composite ~ Ib ., . .
. -. .
`
~Q'~ 731 ~
1 32, so that the composite assumes a condition in which the first 2 facing layer web 4 is disposed above the corrugated layer web 2. .
3 The same condition continues as the composite 32 enters the 4 second lamina~ion stage 12, and in this stage,-adhesive is spotted 5 onto the ridges 2'' on the underside of the corrugated layer web, .
6 that is, the side opposite from the first facing layer web 4. -7 The means for applying the adhesive include a plain, smooth, 8 cylindrically surfaced, spindle mounted applicator roll 74. The 9 roll 74 is mounted crosswise of the composite 32 in cooperation .
10 with a power driven doctor device 76 which is relatively rotatably 11 engaged with the surface 80 of the roll so as to form a pattern of 12 raised, helically extending bands 78 of the adhesive on the roll 13 or application to the ridges 2'' of the web 2. As in the 14 first lamination stage, the adhesive is discharged onto the roll 15 74 from a heated manifold 60 ! the nozzles 62 o which are 16 tangentially angled to the roll :in the direction of travel thereof 17 and disposed at a point ahead of the doctor device 76. The 18 adhesive flows over the surface 80 of the roll and forms a coating 19 thereon, but the-coating is immediately doctored into the helical 20 pattern of the bands 78 by the doctor device 76. Consequently, 21 when the surface 80 o the roll interfaces with the ridges 2" of 22 the web 2, the adhesive is laid down on the ridges as localized .
23 spots 84 (FIGURES 8 and 11), and the spots are disposed at intervals .
24 spaced apart from one another lengthwise of the ridges 2" but 25 staggered in relation to one another from one ridge to the next 2G lengthwise of the composite 32.
27 The device 76 may take the form of a rotatably driven 28 rod 110 which has a helical groove therein, as in FIGURES 4 and 29 5; or the device 76 may take the form of a rod 112 which has 30 axially spaced grooves therein, and which is oscillated lengthwise ., , ~,, ; 1.
~ Z87 1 of its axis, as well ~s perhaps rotated about its axis. FIGURE
2 21 illustrates an arrangement wherein the device 76 takes the 3 form of a cylindrically formed but circumEerentially grooved rod 4 112' ~hich is rotated about its longitudinal axis as well as 5 oscillated lengthwise of the axis; whereas FIGURE 22 illustrates 6 an arrangement wherein the device 76 takes the form of a flat but 7 edge notched rod 112" which is simply oscill~ted lengthwise of 8 its edge.
9 In each case, the doctor device 76-is mounted on the 10 distal end of a blade 114 which is flexibly cantilevered in the 11 direction of the roll 74 and operative to yieldably engage the 12 device with the surface 80 of the roll. Referring to FIGURES 21 13 and 22 in particular, it Will be seen that the manifold 6~ has an 14 edge-reinforced bed plate 116 welded or otherwise secured to the 15 top thereof, and the blade 114 is clamped between this bed plate 16 and an overlying backup plate 118 so as to be flexibly cantilevered 17 from the plates in the direction of the roll 74. In addition, the 18 holes 120 for the clamping bolts 122 are slotted so that the 19 lade can be advanced and retracted with respect to the roll, and 20 adjustment screws 124 are provided in the built-up edge 116' of 21 the bed plate to use in shifting the blade in relation to the 22 roll. Also, the manifold 60 is adjustable rotatably so that the 23 blade can be inclined to the roll 74 at an appropriate angle to 24 aintain the doctor device 76 under a slight bias as it bear~ on 25 thP surfacè 80 o~ the roll. Cap screws 126 are also provided on 26 the top of the backup plate 118 to aid in adjusting the tension 27 in the blade, and altogether the arrangement is such that the 28 achine operator can place the doctor device 76 under sufficient 29 ias to assure that it will remain on the surface 80 of the roll otwithstanding that the surface may have a slight ellipticity or
31 ~other irre4ul ity about the~c~rcumference thereof.
".
~', , , ~l~l28~3 1 Where a rotatable rod is employed as the doctor device, as in FIGURES 4, 5 and 21, the rod may be carried in a pair of 3 elongated arms 128 which are pivotally interconnected with the 4 laterally oriented edges of the blade a~sembly 114, 116, and 118.
5 Each arm 128 is secured to the blade assembly by a cap screw 130 6 which also provides a pivot for the arm; and in addition, each 7 arm has a vertically oriented slot 132 in the proximal end thereof 8 whereby a laterally outstanding pin 134 on the blade assembly can 9 be engaged in the slot to act as a stop for the pivotal movement 10 of the arm. Moreover, the ends of the rod 110 or 112' are shaped 11 as axles, the axles 136 are rotatably engaged in the distal ends 12 of the arms, and one axled end of the rod is equipped with a spur`
13 gear 138 which is engaged in turn with another such gear 140 that 14 is power driven to turn the rod.
In FIGURE 21, the gear 140 i.5 elongated to allow for 16 axial reciprocation of the gear 138 relative thereto, even while 1 17 the gears are engaged and turning. The reciprocatory effect is 18 generated by a lever-mounted yoke 142 which is pivotally inter-19 connected with a power driven oscillating link 144. The yoke 20 straddles the gear 138 and responds to the oscillatory motion of 21 the link 144 by causing the same motion on the part of the gear 22 138, and thus the rod 112' as well. The motion of the rod in 23 turn produces an oscillatory effect in the bands 78 of the adhesive.
~4 Meanwhile, the rod rides over the surface 80 of the roll 74, and 25 under the bias of the blade 114, closely follows the contour of the 26 roll. -27 In FIGURE 22 a notched edged blade 114' is substituted 28~¦ for ~he bladcs PIGURE~ 4, 5 and 21, and the edge 112" o- the . ~ ' : .
. ,: .
. ` ' '.
: 11 . ` ~ ~` .
~'7Z~3 1 b:lade is applled directly to the surface 80 of the roll 74.
2 Moreover, the manifold 60' is flexibly coupled with the various .
3 liquid feeds to it, and is osclllated along its lengthwise axis to 4 impart a corresponding oscillation to the blade 114'. As seen, 5 the manifold has an axled end I46 and an oscillating yoke 148 is 6 clevised to the end to impart the oscillation to the manifold.
7 The second lamination stage 12 also resembles the first 8 inasmuch as the adhesively spotted web 2 is subsequently inter~aced 9 with the second facing layer web 6 and the latter web is light:Ly 10 pressure bonded to the c.omposite 32 to produce the final three 11 layer product 16. In the second stage, however, the weight of 12 the two layer composite 32 can be employed as a hold-down force 13 for the spotting and bonding steps, although as indicate~ in 14 FIGU~ES.l and 4, a series of idler rolls 86 is normally disposed 15 above the composite to maintain it in a planar condition as it~
16 passes over the adhesive applicator roll 74 and the pressure 17 applicator roll 88.
18 ~fter the two lamination stages, the final composite 16 19 is sent onto a cutter tnot shown), and/or to other stages 90 hich have no part in the invention and therefore are not speci-21 ically illustrated. As is conventional, moreover, the conveyox 22 ystem 72 between the two stages feeds the composite in a slackened 23 ondition to avoid the necessity for synchronizing the stages.
24 In both lamination stages, the applicator mechanism 58 lso includes screw-operated valves 92 for adjusting the adhesive 26 low through ~he orifices of the nozzles 62~
n FIGURES 6-20 illustrate the nature of the composite 28 xoduct 16 and some of the distinctions between it and prior art 29 roducts. Referring first to FIGURE 8, it will be seen that the dhesive is laid down on the ridges 2'' of the corrugated layer 11 ' I
.
~ q:3 '' 1 ¦web 2 in localized spots 84 that are spaced apart from one another 2 ¦lengthwise of the ridges. Also, as seen in FIGURE 7, the spots 3 ¦are staggered in relation to one another from one rid~e to the 4 ¦next in the directions crosswise of the ridges and lengthwise of 51 the product~ See angle 93 and note the increment of advancement 61 o~ the spots from ridge to ridge due to the helical pattern in 71 which they are laid down. Depending on the spacing between the ~¦ spots, the helical pattern may or may not be critical. -In some 9¦ embodiments of the invention, the spots are laid down in mutually 10¦ al1gned condition from ridge to ridge due to the narrow spacing 11¦ between spots. However, in most instances, a staggered relation-12¦ ship from ridge to ridge is preferred.
13¦ FIGU~ES 8-12 illustrate the mannex in which the spots ~41 84 are squashed and splayed into the spaces therebetween as each 15¦ o~ the facing layer webs 4 and l; is applied to the ridges 2' or 16 2" of the corrugated layer web 2. The spaces may in fact be 17 closed by the splaying action so that the spots contact one 18 another to form a continuous line o adhesive 94, or they may 19 remain open in part so that the line of adhesive is somewhat 20 discontinuous. This again is a var1able which can be readily 21 controlled, depending on the result which is sought.
22 FIGURES ll and 12 also illustrate the fact that each 23 facial layer web is pressed into virtual contact with the ridges ~4 2' or 2'' of the corrugated layer web. Were adhesive 94 blanketed 25 over each ridge o~ the corrugated layer web, preliminary to the 26 web being interfaced with a facial layer web, as in FIGURE 13, 27 then to meet mechanical tolerances and to account for caliper 28 ifferences in the web materials, the adhesive would have to be 29 laid down in a thick line, and as indicated in FIGURE 14, the 30 resulting line or seam 94' of adhesive would actually become an l(~qZ8'~3 ~ ~
1¦ additional laminar element in the composite 32', and one having 21 its own distinct characteristics. On the other hand, as illustratec 31 in FIGURE 12, the present invention enables each facial layer web 41 to substantially contact the corrugated layer web at the ridges 51 thereof, so that only the webs constitute layers of the composite.
61 Also, as seen in FIGURE 20, the fingers 96 employed in 71 the prior art devices produced both a break 97 in the continuity 81 of each ridge 98 of the corrugated layer web 100, and a break in 9l the continuity of the line 102 of adhesive on the same. Worst of 10¦ all~ the resulting depressions 97 in the ridges, and the gaps in 11¦ the adhesive, were mutually aligned with one ano~her on crosswise 12¦ perpendiculars to the ridges. See FIGURE 19. As a consequence, 13¦ when the corrugated product 104 was subjected to compression, as 14¦ in FIGURE 17, the so-called finger lines 97 constituted lines of 15 weakness at which early failure tended to occur. See ~IGURE 18 16¦ and compare this with FIGURE lS wherein the present product 16 is 17¦ illustrated under compression, and as seen, is free o~ any such 18 weakness zones, so that it does not buckle or otherwise fail until 19¦ the compressive forces simply overcome the strength o~ it, where-21¦¦upon lt normal y failc at many points ~106, as might be expected.
221 '. ` . - .
241 . .
~51 271 . ' ' ' 281 . .
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".
~', , , ~l~l28~3 1 Where a rotatable rod is employed as the doctor device, as in FIGURES 4, 5 and 21, the rod may be carried in a pair of 3 elongated arms 128 which are pivotally interconnected with the 4 laterally oriented edges of the blade a~sembly 114, 116, and 118.
5 Each arm 128 is secured to the blade assembly by a cap screw 130 6 which also provides a pivot for the arm; and in addition, each 7 arm has a vertically oriented slot 132 in the proximal end thereof 8 whereby a laterally outstanding pin 134 on the blade assembly can 9 be engaged in the slot to act as a stop for the pivotal movement 10 of the arm. Moreover, the ends of the rod 110 or 112' are shaped 11 as axles, the axles 136 are rotatably engaged in the distal ends 12 of the arms, and one axled end of the rod is equipped with a spur`
13 gear 138 which is engaged in turn with another such gear 140 that 14 is power driven to turn the rod.
In FIGURE 21, the gear 140 i.5 elongated to allow for 16 axial reciprocation of the gear 138 relative thereto, even while 1 17 the gears are engaged and turning. The reciprocatory effect is 18 generated by a lever-mounted yoke 142 which is pivotally inter-19 connected with a power driven oscillating link 144. The yoke 20 straddles the gear 138 and responds to the oscillatory motion of 21 the link 144 by causing the same motion on the part of the gear 22 138, and thus the rod 112' as well. The motion of the rod in 23 turn produces an oscillatory effect in the bands 78 of the adhesive.
~4 Meanwhile, the rod rides over the surface 80 of the roll 74, and 25 under the bias of the blade 114, closely follows the contour of the 26 roll. -27 In FIGURE 22 a notched edged blade 114' is substituted 28~¦ for ~he bladcs PIGURE~ 4, 5 and 21, and the edge 112" o- the . ~ ' : .
. ,: .
. ` ' '.
: 11 . ` ~ ~` .
~'7Z~3 1 b:lade is applled directly to the surface 80 of the roll 74.
2 Moreover, the manifold 60' is flexibly coupled with the various .
3 liquid feeds to it, and is osclllated along its lengthwise axis to 4 impart a corresponding oscillation to the blade 114'. As seen, 5 the manifold has an axled end I46 and an oscillating yoke 148 is 6 clevised to the end to impart the oscillation to the manifold.
7 The second lamination stage 12 also resembles the first 8 inasmuch as the adhesively spotted web 2 is subsequently inter~aced 9 with the second facing layer web 6 and the latter web is light:Ly 10 pressure bonded to the c.omposite 32 to produce the final three 11 layer product 16. In the second stage, however, the weight of 12 the two layer composite 32 can be employed as a hold-down force 13 for the spotting and bonding steps, although as indicate~ in 14 FIGU~ES.l and 4, a series of idler rolls 86 is normally disposed 15 above the composite to maintain it in a planar condition as it~
16 passes over the adhesive applicator roll 74 and the pressure 17 applicator roll 88.
18 ~fter the two lamination stages, the final composite 16 19 is sent onto a cutter tnot shown), and/or to other stages 90 hich have no part in the invention and therefore are not speci-21 ically illustrated. As is conventional, moreover, the conveyox 22 ystem 72 between the two stages feeds the composite in a slackened 23 ondition to avoid the necessity for synchronizing the stages.
24 In both lamination stages, the applicator mechanism 58 lso includes screw-operated valves 92 for adjusting the adhesive 26 low through ~he orifices of the nozzles 62~
n FIGURES 6-20 illustrate the nature of the composite 28 xoduct 16 and some of the distinctions between it and prior art 29 roducts. Referring first to FIGURE 8, it will be seen that the dhesive is laid down on the ridges 2'' of the corrugated layer 11 ' I
.
~ q:3 '' 1 ¦web 2 in localized spots 84 that are spaced apart from one another 2 ¦lengthwise of the ridges. Also, as seen in FIGURE 7, the spots 3 ¦are staggered in relation to one another from one rid~e to the 4 ¦next in the directions crosswise of the ridges and lengthwise of 51 the product~ See angle 93 and note the increment of advancement 61 o~ the spots from ridge to ridge due to the helical pattern in 71 which they are laid down. Depending on the spacing between the ~¦ spots, the helical pattern may or may not be critical. -In some 9¦ embodiments of the invention, the spots are laid down in mutually 10¦ al1gned condition from ridge to ridge due to the narrow spacing 11¦ between spots. However, in most instances, a staggered relation-12¦ ship from ridge to ridge is preferred.
13¦ FIGU~ES 8-12 illustrate the mannex in which the spots ~41 84 are squashed and splayed into the spaces therebetween as each 15¦ o~ the facing layer webs 4 and l; is applied to the ridges 2' or 16 2" of the corrugated layer web 2. The spaces may in fact be 17 closed by the splaying action so that the spots contact one 18 another to form a continuous line o adhesive 94, or they may 19 remain open in part so that the line of adhesive is somewhat 20 discontinuous. This again is a var1able which can be readily 21 controlled, depending on the result which is sought.
22 FIGURES ll and 12 also illustrate the fact that each 23 facial layer web is pressed into virtual contact with the ridges ~4 2' or 2'' of the corrugated layer web. Were adhesive 94 blanketed 25 over each ridge o~ the corrugated layer web, preliminary to the 26 web being interfaced with a facial layer web, as in FIGURE 13, 27 then to meet mechanical tolerances and to account for caliper 28 ifferences in the web materials, the adhesive would have to be 29 laid down in a thick line, and as indicated in FIGURE 14, the 30 resulting line or seam 94' of adhesive would actually become an l(~qZ8'~3 ~ ~
1¦ additional laminar element in the composite 32', and one having 21 its own distinct characteristics. On the other hand, as illustratec 31 in FIGURE 12, the present invention enables each facial layer web 41 to substantially contact the corrugated layer web at the ridges 51 thereof, so that only the webs constitute layers of the composite.
61 Also, as seen in FIGURE 20, the fingers 96 employed in 71 the prior art devices produced both a break 97 in the continuity 81 of each ridge 98 of the corrugated layer web 100, and a break in 9l the continuity of the line 102 of adhesive on the same. Worst of 10¦ all~ the resulting depressions 97 in the ridges, and the gaps in 11¦ the adhesive, were mutually aligned with one ano~her on crosswise 12¦ perpendiculars to the ridges. See FIGURE 19. As a consequence, 13¦ when the corrugated product 104 was subjected to compression, as 14¦ in FIGURE 17, the so-called finger lines 97 constituted lines of 15 weakness at which early failure tended to occur. See ~IGURE 18 16¦ and compare this with FIGURE lS wherein the present product 16 is 17¦ illustrated under compression, and as seen, is free o~ any such 18 weakness zones, so that it does not buckle or otherwise fail until 19¦ the compressive forces simply overcome the strength o~ it, where-21¦¦upon lt normal y failc at many points ~106, as might be expected.
221 '. ` . - .
241 . .
~51 271 . ' ' ' 281 . .
3~1 . . ` . .
~ ~ ~_ ' .
.. -' . .
` !
Claims (10)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of laminating two or more layers of sheet material, one of which has a corrugated surface thereon and the other of which has a planar surface thereon, comprising passing the corrugated surface defining layer about a carrier roll, generating a pressure differential across the carrier roll to retain the corrugated surface defining layer thereon, juxtaposing a plain cylindrically surfaced adhesive applicator roll adjacent the corrugated surface defining layer, depositing adhesive on the plain cylindrical surface of the applicator roll, forming the deposited adhesive into a series of spaced parallel lines of adhesive which are disposed crosswise of the ridges of the corrugated surface defining layer, rotating the carrier and adhesive applicator rolls in juxtaposition to one another to contact the lines of adhesive with the ridges of the corrugated surface defining layer and there-by deposit series of spaced, pressure deformable spots of adhesive along the lengths of the ridges of said layer, and thereafter contacting the planar surface of the other layer with the series of spots on the ridges of the corrugated surface defining layer, pressing the two layers together so that they splay the respective spots into the spaces therebetween and form sub-stantially continuous lines of adhesive along the lengths of the ridges, and bonding the two layers together at the lines of adhesive on the ridges, including at points on the planar surface of the other layer coinciding with the spaces between the spots.
2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising staggering the spots in relation to one another from one ridge to the next.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the lines of adhesive are formed on the plain cylindrical surface of the applicator roll by doctoring the roll with a grooved doctoring device when the adhesive is deposited on the surface of the roll, to remove all but the adhesive in the grooves thereof.
4. The method according to claim 3 wherein the grooved doctoring device has a helical groove therein.
5. The method according to claim 3 wherein the grooved doctoring device has axially spaced grooves therein and is oscillated lengthwise of the axis.
6. The method according to claim 5 wherein the grooves extend circum-ferentially of the device and the device is also rotated about the axis.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the carrier roll is apertur-ed and a vacuum is generated inside of the carrier roll and applied to the apertures so as to retain the layer on the roll.
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein the corrugated surface defining layer has a corrugated body configuration, the carrier roll has a corresponding outer peripheral surface contour, and the apertures are dis-posed in the grooves in the outer peripheral surface of the roll.
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein each groove has a series of apertures therein which are spaced apart from one another lengthwise of the groove.
10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the layers are laminated to one another in a corrugated board forming machine, and the carrier roll for the corrugated layer web is the web discharging roll in the pair of corrugat-ing rolls which form the corrugated body configuration of the web.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA255,859A CA1072873A (en) | 1976-06-28 | 1976-06-28 | Corrugating process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA255,859A CA1072873A (en) | 1976-06-28 | 1976-06-28 | Corrugating process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1072873A true CA1072873A (en) | 1980-03-04 |
Family
ID=4106304
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA255,859A Expired CA1072873A (en) | 1976-06-28 | 1976-06-28 | Corrugating process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1072873A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6602546B1 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2003-08-05 | Coater Services, Inc. | Method for producing corrugated cardboard |
| US7267153B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2007-09-11 | Herbert B Kohler | Corrugator glue machine having web tension nulling mechanism |
| US7595086B2 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2009-09-29 | Kohler Herbert B | Method for producing corrugated cardboard |
| US8057621B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2011-11-15 | Kohler Herbert B | Apparatus and method for producing a corrugated product under ambient temperature conditions |
| US8398802B2 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2013-03-19 | Coater Services, Inc. | Method for moisture and temperature control in corrugating operation |
| US8672825B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2014-03-18 | Hbk Family, Llc | Apparatus for producing corrugated board |
| US8771579B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2014-07-08 | Hbk Family, Llc | Method and apparatus for fluting a web in the machine direction |
| US11118314B2 (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2021-09-14 | Intpro, Llc | Paper-specific moisture control in a traveling paper web |
-
1976
- 1976-06-28 CA CA255,859A patent/CA1072873A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6602546B1 (en) | 2002-06-21 | 2003-08-05 | Coater Services, Inc. | Method for producing corrugated cardboard |
| US7267153B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2007-09-11 | Herbert B Kohler | Corrugator glue machine having web tension nulling mechanism |
| US7717148B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2010-05-18 | Kohler Herbert B | Machine having web tension nulling mechanism |
| US8057621B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2011-11-15 | Kohler Herbert B | Apparatus and method for producing a corrugated product under ambient temperature conditions |
| US7595086B2 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2009-09-29 | Kohler Herbert B | Method for producing corrugated cardboard |
| US10543654B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2020-01-28 | Hbk Family, Llc | Method for producing corrugated board |
| US9649821B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2017-05-16 | Hbk Family, Llc | Apparatus for producing corrugated board |
| US11260616B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2022-03-01 | Hbk Family, Llc | Method for producing corrugated board |
| US8672825B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2014-03-18 | Hbk Family, Llc | Apparatus for producing corrugated board |
| US8398802B2 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2013-03-19 | Coater Services, Inc. | Method for moisture and temperature control in corrugating operation |
| US9981441B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2018-05-29 | Hbk Family, Llc | Method and apparatus for fluting a web in the machine direction |
| US10479043B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2019-11-19 | Hbk Family, Llc | Method and apparatus for fluting a web in the machine direction |
| US9346236B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2016-05-24 | Hbk Family Llc | Method and apparatus for fluting a web in the machine direction |
| US10882270B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2021-01-05 | Hbk Family, Llc | Apparatus for fluting a web in the machine direction |
| US8771579B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2014-07-08 | Hbk Family, Llc | Method and apparatus for fluting a web in the machine direction |
| US11318701B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2022-05-03 | International Paper Company | Method and apparatus for fluting a web in the machine direction |
| US11118314B2 (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2021-09-14 | Intpro, Llc | Paper-specific moisture control in a traveling paper web |
| US11162226B2 (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2021-11-02 | Intpro, Llc | Paper-specific moisture control in a traveling paper web |
| US11459704B2 (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2022-10-04 | Intpro, Llc | Paper-specific moisture control in a traveling paper web |
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