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BR112020006003B1 - COATED STEEL SHEET, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COATED STEEL SHEET, WELDED JOINT AND USE OF A COATED STEEL SHEET - Google Patents

COATED STEEL SHEET, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COATED STEEL SHEET, WELDED JOINT AND USE OF A COATED STEEL SHEET Download PDF

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Publication number
BR112020006003B1
BR112020006003B1 BR112020006003-8A BR112020006003A BR112020006003B1 BR 112020006003 B1 BR112020006003 B1 BR 112020006003B1 BR 112020006003 A BR112020006003 A BR 112020006003A BR 112020006003 B1 BR112020006003 B1 BR 112020006003B1
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BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
steel sheet
coating
steel
welded joint
microstructure
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Application number
BR112020006003-8A
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Portuguese (pt)
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BR112020006003A2 (en
Inventor
Anirban Chakraborty
Pascal Bertho
Hassan Ghassemi-Armaki
Christian Allely
Tiago Machado Amorim
Original Assignee
Arcelormittal
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Publication date
Application filed by Arcelormittal filed Critical Arcelormittal
Priority claimed from PCT/IB2018/058155 external-priority patent/WO2019082036A1/en
Publication of BR112020006003A2 publication Critical patent/BR112020006003A2/en
Publication of BR112020006003B1 publication Critical patent/BR112020006003B1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C25D3/565—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A presente invenção refere-se a um método para a fabricação de uma chapa de aço revestida.The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a coated steel sheet.

Description

CAMPO DA INVENÇÃOFIELD OF THE INVENTION

[001] A presente invenção refere-se a um método para a fabricação de uma chapa de aço revestida. A invenção é particularmente bem adequada para a fabricação de veículos automotivos.[001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a coated steel sheet. The invention is particularly well suited for the manufacture of motor vehicles.

ANTECEDENTES DA INVENÇÃOBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] Os revestimentos à base de zinco são usados geralmente porque permitem uma proteção contra a corrosão, graças à barreira de proteção e proteção catódica. O efeito de barreira é obtido pela aplicação de um revestimento metálico na superfície do aço. Assim, o revestimento metálico impede o contato entre aço e atmosfera corrosiva. O efeito de barreira é independente da natureza do revestimento e o substrato. Pelo contrário, a proteção catódica sacrificial é com base no fato de que o zinco que é um metal mais ativo em comparação com o aço. Assim, se a corrosão ocorre, o zinco é consumido preferencialmente ao aço. A proteção catódica é essencial em áreas em que o aço é diretamente exposto à atmosfera corrosiva, como bordas cortadas em que o zinco ao redor será consumido antes do aço.[002] Zinc-based coatings are generally used because they allow protection against corrosion, thanks to barrier protection and cathodic protection. The barrier effect is achieved by applying a metallic coating to the steel surface. Thus, the metallic coating prevents contact between steel and corrosive atmosphere. The barrier effect is independent of the nature of the coating and the substrate. On the contrary, sacrificial cathodic protection is based on the fact that zinc is a more active metal compared to steel. Thus, if corrosion occurs, zinc is consumed in preference to steel. Cathodic protection is essential in areas where steel is directly exposed to the corrosive atmosphere, such as cut edges where the surrounding zinc will be consumed before the steel.

[003] No entanto, quando são realizadas as etapas de aquecimento nessas chapas de aço revestidas de zinco, por exemplo, endurecimento ou soldagem, trincas são observadas no aço que se espalham a partir da interface aço/revestimento. De fato, ocasionalmente, há uma redução das propriedades mecânicas do metal devido à presença de trincas na chapa de aço revestida após a operação acima. Essas trincas aparecem com as seguintes condições: alta temperatura; contato com um metal líquido com um baixo ponto de fusão (como zinco) além da presença de uma tração; difusão heterogênea de metal fundido com substrato de grãos e limites de grãos. A designação para esse fenômeno é conhecida como fragilização por metal líquido (LME) e também chamado de trincamento associado por metais líquidos (LMAC).[003] However, when heating steps are carried out on these zinc-coated steel sheets, for example, hardening or welding, cracks are observed in the steel that spread from the steel/coating interface. In fact, occasionally there is a reduction of the mechanical properties of the metal due to the presence of cracks in the coated steel sheet after the above operation. These cracks appear under the following conditions: high temperature; contact with a liquid metal with a low melting point (such as zinc) in addition to the presence of a traction; Heterogeneous diffusion of molten metal with substrate grains and grain boundaries. The designation for this phenomenon is known as liquid metal embrittlement (LME) and also called liquid metal associated cracking (LMAC).

DESCRIÇÃO DA INVENÇÃODESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[004] Assim, o objetivo da invenção é fornecer uma chapa de aço revestida com um revestimento metálico que não tenha problemas de LME. Ele visa disponibilizar, em particular, um método fácil de implementar a fim de obter uma peça que não tenha problemas de LME após a formação e/ou a soldagem.[004] Thus, the object of the invention is to provide a steel sheet coated with a metallic coating that does not have LME problems. In particular, it aims to provide an easy-to-implement method in order to obtain a part that does not have LME problems after forming and/or welding.

[005] Esse objetivo é atingido ao fornecer uma chapa de aço, de acordo com a reivindicação 1. A chapa de aço também pode compreender quaisquer características das reivindicações 2 a 12.[005] This objective is achieved by providing a steel sheet, according to claim 1. The steel sheet can also comprise any features of claims 2 to 12.

[006] Qualquer objetivo é atingido ao fornecer um método, de acordo com a reivindicação 13. O método também pode compreender quaisquer características das reivindicações 14 a 17.[006] Any object is achieved by providing a method according to claim 13. The method may also comprise any features of claims 14 to 17.

[007] Um outro objetivo é atingido ao fornecer uma junta soldada por pontos, de acordo com a reivindicação 18. A junta soldada por pontos também pode compreender características das reivindicações 19 a 22.[007] Another objective is achieved by providing a spot-welded joint, according to claim 18. The spot-welded joint can also comprise features of claims 19 to 22.

[008] Finalmente, um outro objetivo é atingido ao fornecer o uso da chapa de aço ou da montagem, de acordo com a reivindicação 23.[008] Finally, another objective is achieved by providing the use of the steel sheet or assembly, according to claim 23.

[009] Outras características e vantagens da invenção se tornarão mais evidentes a partir da descrição detalhada a seguir da invenção.[009] Other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.

[010] A designação “aço” ou “chapa de aço” significa uma chapa de aço, uma bobina, uma placa com uma composição que permite que a peça atinja uma resistência à tração de até 2.500 MPa e, mais preferencialmente, de até 2.000 MPa. Por exemplo, a resistência à tração é acima ou igual 500 MPa, preferencialmente acima ou igual a 980 MPa, vantajosamente acima ou igual a 1.180 MPa e mesmo acima ou igual a 1.470 MPa.[010] The designation "steel" or "steel plate" means a steel plate, a coil, a plate with a composition that allows the part to reach a tensile strength of up to 2,500 MPa and, more preferably, up to 2,000 MPa. For example, the tensile strength is above or equal to 500 MPa, preferably above or equal to 980 MPa, advantageously above or equal to 1180 MPa and even above or equal to 1470 MPa.

DESCRIÇÃO DE REALIZAÇÕES DA INVENÇÃODESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[011] A invenção se refere a uma chapa de aço revestida com um revestimento que compreende de 10% a 40% de níquel, o equilíbrio sendo zinco, essa chapa de aço com uma microestrutura que compreende de 1% a 50% de austenita residual, de 1% a 60% de martensita e opcionalmente pelo menos um elemento escolhido dentre: bainita, ferrita, cimentita e perlita, e a seguinte composição química em peso: 0,10% < C < 0,50%, 1,0% < Mn < 5,0%, 0,7% < Si < 3,0%, 0,05% < Al < 1,0%, 0,75% < (Si+Al) < 3,0 , e em uma base puramente opcional, um ou mais elementos como Nb < 0,5%, B < 0,005%, Cr < 1,0%, Mo < 0,50%, Ni < 1,0%, Ti < 0,5%, e o restante da composição composto de ferro e impurezas inevitáveis resultantes da elaboração. Nesse caso, a martensita pode ser temperada ou não temperada.[011] The invention relates to a steel sheet coated with a coating comprising from 10% to 40% of nickel, the balance being zinc, this steel sheet with a microstructure comprising from 1% to 50% of residual austenite , from 1% to 60% of martensite and optionally at least one element chosen from: bainite, ferrite, cementite and pearlite, and the following chemical composition by weight: 0.10% < C < 0.50%, 1.0% < Mn < 5.0%, 0.7% < Si < 3.0%, 0.05% < Al < 1.0%, 0.75% < (Si+Al) < 3.0 , and in a purely optional basis, one or more elements such as Nb < 0.5%, B < 0.005%, Cr < 1.0%, Mo < 0.50%, Ni < 1.0%, Ti < 0.5%, and the rest of the composition composed of iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration. In this case, the martensite can be tempered or unquenched.

[012] Sem querer estar vinculado a qualquer teoria, parece que a chapa de aço específica revestida com um revestimento que compreende zinco e níquel, de acordo com o presente, impede a penetração de zinco líquido no aço durante quaisquer etapas de aquecimento, por exemplo, uma soldagem. Assim, ao aplicar o método, de acordo com a presente invenção, é possível obter compostos intermetálicos de zinco-níquel durante a etapa de aquecimento acima. Esses compostos intermetálicos têm alta temperatura de fusão e permanecem sólidos acima da etapa de aquecimento e, assim, impedem a LME.[012] Without wanting to be bound by any theory, it appears that the specific steel sheet coated with a coating comprising zinc and nickel, according to the present, prevents the penetration of liquid zinc into the steel during any heating steps, for example , a weld. Thus, by applying the method according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain zinc-nickel intermetallic compounds during the above heating step. These intermetallic compounds have a high melting temperature and remain solid above the heating step and thus prevent SML.

[013] Preferencialmente, o revestimento compreende de 10% a 30%, mais preferencialmente, de 10% a 20% e vantajosamente de 11% a 15% em peso por peso de níquel.[013] Preferably, the coating comprises from 10% to 30%, more preferably from 10% to 20% and advantageously from 11% to 15% by weight of nickel.

[014] Em uma realização preferencial, o revestimento consiste em zinco e níquel.[014] In a preferred embodiment, the coating consists of zinc and nickel.

[015] Vantajosamente, o revestimento está diretamente em contato com a chapa de aço.[015] Advantageously, the coating is directly in contact with the steel sheet.

[016] Preferencialmente, o revestimento tem uma espessura entre 5 a 15 μm e, mais preferencialmente, entre 5 a 10 μm.[016] Preferably, the coating has a thickness of between 5 and 15 μm and, more preferably, between 5 and 10 μm.

[017] Em uma realização preferencial, a chapa de aço tem uma microestrutura que compreende de 5% a 25% de austenita residual.[017] In a preferred embodiment, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising 5% to 25% of residual austenite.

[018] Preferencialmente, a chapa de aço tem uma microestrutura que compreende de 1% a 60% e, mais preferencialmente, entre 10% a 60% de martensita não temperada.[018] Preferably, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 1% to 60%, and more preferably, from 10% to 60% of unhardened martensite.

[019] Vantajosamente, a chapa de aço tem uma microestrutura que compreende de 10% a 40% de bainita, essa bainita que compreende de 10% a 20% de bainita inferior, de 0% a 15% de bainita superior e de 0% a 5% de bainita livre de carboneto.[019] Advantageously, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 10% to 40% of bainite, this bainite comprising from 10% to 20% of lower bainite, from 0% to 15% of upper bainite and 0% to 5% carbide-free bainite.

[020] Preferencialmente, a chapa de aço tem uma microestrutura que compreende de 1% a 25% de ferrita.[020] Preferably, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising 1% to 25% ferrite.

[021] Preferencialmente, a chapa de aço tem uma microestrutura que compreende de 1% a 15% de martensita não temperada.[021] Preferably, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising from 1% to 15% untempered martensite.

[022] De acordo com a presente invenção, o método para a fabricação da chapa de aço revestida compreende as seguintes etapas: A. O fornecimento de uma chapa de aço recozida com a composição química de acordo com a presente invenção, essa chapa de aço que é recozida a uma temperatura entre 600 a 1.200 °C e B. o revestimento da chapa de aço obtida na etapa A) com um revestimento que compreende de 1% a 40% de níquel, o equilíbrio sendo zinco.[022] According to the present invention, the method for manufacturing the coated steel sheet comprises the following steps: A. Supplying an annealed steel sheet with the chemical composition according to the present invention, this steel sheet which is annealed at a temperature between 600 to 1200 °C and B. coating the steel sheet obtained in step A) with a coating comprising from 1% to 40% nickel, the balance being zinc.

[023] Preferencialmente, na etapa A), a chapa de aço é recozida em um recozimento contínuo. Por exemplo, o recozimento contínuo compreende uma etapa de aquecimento, uma imersão e um resfriamento. Pode compreender adicionalmente uma etapa de pré-aquecimento.[023] Preferably, in step A), the steel sheet is annealed in a continuous annealing. For example, continuous annealing comprises a heating step, a dipping step and a cooling step. It may additionally comprise a preheating step.

[024] Vantajosamente, o tratamento termal é realizado em uma atmosfera que compreende de 1% a 30% de H2 a um ponto de condensação entre -10 e -60°C. Por exemplo, a atmosfera compreende de 1% a 10% de H2 a um ponto de condensação entre -10 °C e -60 °C.[024] Advantageously, the thermal treatment is carried out in an atmosphere comprising from 1% to 30% H2 at a dew point between -10 and -60°C. For example, the atmosphere comprises from 1% to 10% H2 at a dew point between -10 °C and -60 °C.

[025] Preferencialmente, o revestimento na etapa B) é depositado pelo método de deposição a vácuo ou eletrogalvanização. Vantajosamente, o revestimento é depositado pelo método de eletrogalvanização.[025] Preferably, the coating in step B) is deposited by the method of vacuum deposition or electroplating. Advantageously, the coating is deposited by the electroplating method.

[026] Após a fabricação de uma chapa de aço, a fim de produzir algumas peças de um veículo, é conhecido o processo de montagem ao soldar duas chapas de metal. Assim, uma junta soldada por pontos é formada durante a soldagem de pelo menos duas chapas de metal, sendo o dito ponto e elo entre as pelo menos duas chapas de metal.[026] After manufacturing a steel sheet, in order to produce some parts of a vehicle, the assembly process is known when welding two sheets of metal. Thus, a spot welded joint is formed during welding of at least two metal sheets, said spot being and link between the at least two metal sheets.

[027] Para produzir uma junta soldada por pontos de acordo com a invenção, a soldagem é realizada com uma intensidade efetiva é entre 3 kA e 15 kA e a força aplicada nos eletrodos é entre 150 e 850 daN com o dito diâmetro ático da face do eletrodo sendo entre 4 e 10 mm.[027] To produce a spot welded joint according to the invention, welding is carried out with an effective intensity is between 3 kA and 15 kA and the force applied to the electrodes is between 150 and 850 daN with said attic face diameter of the electrode being between 4 and 10 mm.

[028] Assim, uma junta soldada por pontos de pelo menos duas chapas de metal, que compreende a pelo menos uma chapa de aço revestida, de acordo com a presente invenção, é obtido, essa dita junta contendo menos do que 2 trincas com um tamanho acima de 100 μm e em que a trinca mais longa tem um comprimento abaixo de 250 μm.[028] Thus, a spot-welded joint of at least two metal sheets, comprising at least one coated steel sheet, according to the present invention, is obtained, said joint containing less than 2 cracks with a size above 100 μm and where the longest crack has a length below 250 μm.

[029] Preferencialmente, a segunda chapa de metal é uma chapa de aço ou uma chapa de alumínio. Mais preferencialmente, a segunda chapa de metal é uma chapa de aço, de acordo com a presente invenção.[029] Preferably, the second metal sheet is a steel sheet or an aluminum sheet. More preferably, the second metal sheet is a steel sheet, in accordance with the present invention.

[030] Em uma outra realização, a junta soldada por pontos compreende uma terceira chapa de metal sendo uma chapa de aço ou uma chapa de alumínio. Por exemplo, a terceira chapa de metal é uma chapa de aço, de acordo com a presente invenção.[030] In another embodiment, the spot-welded joint comprises a third metal sheet being a steel sheet or an aluminum sheet. For example, the third sheet of metal is sheet steel in accordance with the present invention.

[031] A chapa de aço ou a junta soldada por pontos, de acordo com a presente invenção pode ser usada para a fabricação de peças para veículos automotivos.[031] The steel sheet or spot welded joint, according to the present invention can be used for the manufacture of parts for automotive vehicles.

[032] A invenção será agora explicada em experimentos apenas para informação. Eles não são limitativos.[032] The invention will now be explained in experiments for information only. They are not limiting.

EXEMPLOEXAMPLE

[033] Para todas as amostras, as chapas de aços usadas têm a seguinte composição em porcentagem de peso: - Chapa de aço 1: C=0,37% em peso, Mn=1,9% em peso, Si=1,9% em peso, Cr=0,35% em peso, Al=0,05% em peso e Mo=0,1% e - Chapa de aço 2: C= 0,18% em peso, Mn=2,7% em peso, Al= 0,05% em peso e Si= 1,8% em peso.[033] For all samples, the steel plates used have the following composition in weight percentage: - Steel plate 1: C=0.37% by weight, Mn=1.9% by weight, Si=1, 9% by weight, Cr=0.35% by weight, Al=0.05% by weight and Mo=0.1% and - Steel sheet 2: C= 0.18% by weight, Mn=2.7 % by weight, Al=0.05% by weight and Si=1.8% by weight.

[034] Os experimentos 1 a 4 foram preparados realizando-se um recozimento em um recozimento contínuo em uma atmosfera que compreende 5% de H2 e 95% de N2 a um ponto de condensação de -60 °C. As chapas de aço 1 e aço 2 foram respectivamente aquecidas a uma temperatura de 900 °C e 820 °C. Em seguida, as chapas dos Experimentos 1 e 2 foram revestidas com um revestimento que compreende 13% de níquel, o equilíbrio sendo zinco. O revestimento foi depositado pelo método de eletrodeposição.[034] Experiments 1 to 4 were prepared by performing an annealing in a continuous annealing in an atmosphere comprising 5% H2 and 95% N2 at a dew point of -60 °C. Steel sheets 1 and steel 2 were respectively heated to a temperature of 900 °C and 820 °C. Next, the plates from Experiments 1 and 2 were coated with a coating comprising 13% nickel, the balance being zinc. The coating was deposited by the electrodeposition method.

[035] Para fins de comparação, nos Experimentos 3 e 4, o zinco puro foi eletrodepositado nas chapas 1 e 2 aquecidas tratadas sob a condição mencionada acima.[035] For comparison purposes, in Experiments 3 and 4, pure zinc was electrodeposited on heated plates 1 and 2 treated under the condition mentioned above.

[036] A resistência ao LME dos Experimentos acima foi avaliada usando o método de soldagem por pontos de resistência. Para esse fim, para cada Experimento, duas chapas de aço revestidas foram soldadas juntas por soldagem por pontos de resistência. O tipo do eletrodo foi ISO Tipo B com um diâmetro de 16 mm; a força do eletrodo foi de 5 kN e o débito de água foi de 1,5 g/min. Os detalhes do ciclo de soldagem são mostrados na Tabela 1. TABELA 1. PROGRAMAÇÃO DE SOLDAGEM

Figure img0001
[036] The LME resistance of the above Experiments was evaluated using the resistance spot welding method. To that end, for each Experiment, two coated steel sheets were welded together by resistance spot welding. The electrode type was ISO Type B with a diameter of 16 mm; the electrode force was 5 kN and the water flow was 1.5 g/min. Welding cycle details are shown in Table 1. TABLE 1. WELDING SCHEDULE
Figure img0001

[037] O número de trincas acima de 100μm foi então avaliado usando um microscópico óptico bem como SEM (Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura), conforme segue relatado na Tabela 2: TABELA 2. DETALHES DA TRINCA LME APÓS A SOLDAGEM POR PONTOS (CONDIÇÃO DE EMPILHAMENTo DE 2 CAMADAS)

Figure img0002
*: de acordo com a presente invenção.[037] The number of cracks above 100μm was then evaluated using an optical microscope as well as SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), as follows reported in Table 2: TABLE 2. LME CRACK DETAILS AFTER SPOT WELDING (STACKING CONDITION OF 2 LAYERS)
Figure img0002
*: according to the present invention.

[038] Os Experimentos 1 e 2, de acordo com a presente invenção mostram uma excelente resistência ao LME em comparação aos Experimentos 3 e 4.[038] Experiments 1 and 2 according to the present invention show excellent resistance to LME compared to Experiments 3 and 4.

[039] O comportamento de resistência à trinca LME também foi avaliado usando a condição de empilhamento de 3 camadas. Para cada Experimento, três chapas de aço revestidas foram soldadas juntas por soldagem por pontos de resistência. O número de trincas de 100 μm foi, em seguida, avaliado usando um microscópio óptico conforme relatado na Tabela 3. TABELA 3. DETALHES DA TRINCA LME APÓS A SOLDAGEM POR PONTOS (CONDIÇÃO DE EMPILHAMENTO DE 3 CAMADAS)

Figure img0003
*: de acordo com a presente invenção.[039] The LME crack resistance behavior was also evaluated using the 3-layer stacking condition. For each Experiment, three coated steel sheets were welded together by resistance spot welding. The number of 100 μm cracks was then evaluated using an optical microscope as reported in Table 3.
Figure img0003
*: according to the present invention.

[040] Os Experimentos 1 e 2, de acordo com a presente invenção mostram uma excelente resistência ao LME em comparação aos Experimentos 3 e 4.[040] Experiments 1 and 2 according to the present invention show excellent resistance to LME compared to Experiments 3 and 4.

Claims (23)

1. CHAPA DE AÇO REVESTIDA com um revestimento caracterizada por compreender de 10% a 40% de níquel, o equilíbrio sendo zinco, como chapa de aço com uma microestrutura que compreende de 1% a 50% de austenita residual, de 1% a 60% de martensita e opcionalmente pelo menos um elemento escolhido dentre: bainita, ferrita, cimentita e perlita, e a seguinte composição química em peso: 0,10% < C < 0,50%, 1,0% < Mn < 5,0%, 0,7% < Si < 3,0%, 0,05% < Al < 1,0% 0,75% < (Si+Al) < 3,0%, e em uma base puramente opcional, um ou mais elementos como Nb < 0,5%, B < 0,005%, Cr < 1,0%, Mo < 0,50%, Ni < 1,0%, Ti < 0,5%, e o restante da composição composto de ferro e impurezas inevitáveis resultantes da elaboração.1. STEEL SHEET COATED with a coating characterized by comprising from 10% to 40% of nickel, the balance being zinc, as sheet steel with a microstructure comprising from 1% to 50% of residual austenite, from 1% to 60 % martensite and optionally at least one element chosen from: bainite, ferrite, cementite and pearlite, and the following chemical composition by weight: 0.10% < C < 0.50%, 1.0% < Mn < 5.0 %, 0.7% < Si < 3.0%, 0.05% < Al < 1.0% 0.75% < (Si+Al) < 3.0%, and on a purely optional basis, one or more elements such as Nb < 0.5%, B < 0.005%, Cr < 1.0%, Mo < 0.50%, Ni < 1.0%, Ti < 0.5%, and the rest of the composition composed of iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the elaboration. 2. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizada pelo revestimento compreender de 10% a 30% por peso de níquel.2. STEEL SHEET according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating comprises from 10% to 30% by weight of nickel. 3. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizada pelo revestimento compreender de 10% a 20% por peso de níquel.3. STEEL SHEET according to claim 2, characterized in that the coating comprises from 10% to 20% by weight of nickel. 4. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com a reivindicação 3, caracterizada pelo revestimento consistir em zinco e níquel.4. STEEL SHEET, according to claim 3, characterized by the coating consisting of zinc and nickel. 5. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 4, caracterizada revestimento estar diretamente em contato com a chapa de aço.5. STEEL PLATE, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coating is directly in contact with the steel plate. 6. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 5, caracterizada revestimento ter uma espessura entre 5 a 15 μm.6. STEEL SHEET, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coating has a thickness between 5 and 15 μm. 7. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracterizada pelo revestimento ter uma espessura entre 5 a 10 μm.7. STEEL SHEET, according to claim 6, characterized by the coating having a thickness between 5 and 10 μm. 8. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 7, caracterizada pela microestrutura da chapa de aço compreender de 5% a 25% de austenita residual.8. STEEL SHEET, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the microstructure of the steel sheet comprising from 5% to 25% of residual austenite. 9. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 8, caracterizada pela microestrutura da chapa de aço compreender 1% a 60% de martensita não temperada.9. STEEL SHEET according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the microstructure of the steel sheet comprising 1% to 60% of untempered martensite. 10. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 9, caracterizada pela microestrutura da chapa de aço compreender de 10% a 40% de bainita.10. STEEL SHEET according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the microstructure of the steel sheet comprises from 10% to 40% of bainite. 11. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 10, caracterizada pela microestrutura da chapa de aço compreende der 1% a 25% de ferrita.11. STEEL SHEET according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the microstructure of the steel sheet comprises from 1% to 25% of ferrite. 12. CHAPA DE AÇO, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 11, caracterizada pela microestrutura da chapa de aço compreender de 1% a 15% de martensita não temperada.12. STEEL SHEET according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the microstructure of the steel sheet comprises from 1% to 15% of untempered martensite. 13. MÉTODO PARA A FABRICAÇÃO DE UMA CHAPA DE AÇO REVESTIDA caracterizado por compreender as seguintes etapas: A) o fornecimento de uma chapa de aço recozida com uma composição química, conforme definida em qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 7, como chapa de aço que é recozida a uma temperatura entre 600 a 1.200 °C e B) o revestimento da chapa de aço obtido na etapa A) com um revestimento que compreende de 1% a 40% de níquel, o equilíbrio sendo zinco.13. METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COATED STEEL SHEET characterized by comprising the following steps: A) supplying an annealed steel sheet with a chemical composition, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7, as a steel sheet that it is annealed at a temperature between 600 to 1,200 °C and B) coating the steel sheet obtained in step A) with a coating comprising from 1% to 40% nickel, the balance being zinc. 14. MÉTODO, de acordo com a reivindicação 13, caracterizado por, na etapa A), a chapa de aço ser recozida em um recozimento contínuo.14. METHOD, according to claim 13, characterized in that, in step A), the steel sheet is annealed in a continuous annealing. 15. MÉTODO, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 13 a 14, caracterizado por na etapa A), o recozimento ser realizado em uma atmosfera que compreende de 1% a 30% de H2 a um ponto de condensação entre -10 e -60 °C.15. METHOD, according to any one of claims 13 to 14, characterized in that in step A), the annealing is carried out in an atmosphere comprising 1% to 30% H2 at a dew point between -10 and -60 °C. 16. MÉTODO, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 13 a 15, caracterizado pelo revestimento na etapa B), ser depositado por método de deposição a vácuo ou eletrogalvanização.16. METHOD, according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized by the coating in step B), being deposited by vacuum deposition or electroplating method. 17. MÉTODO, de acordo com a reivindicação 16, caracterizado pelo revestimento ser depositado pelo método de eletrogalvanização.17. METHOD, according to claim 16, characterized by the coating being deposited by the electroplating method. 18. JUNTA SOLDADA por pontos de pelo menos duas chapas de metal, caracterizada por compreender pelo menos uma chapa de aço, conforme definida em qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 12, ou que pode ser obtida a partir do método, conforme definido em qualquer uma das reivindicações 13 a 17, sendo que a junta contém menos do que 2 trincas com um tamanho acima de 100μm e em que a trinca mais longa tem um comprimento abaixo de 250 μm.18. POINT WELDED JOINT of at least two metal sheets, characterized in that it comprises at least one steel sheet, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, or which can be obtained from the method, as defined in any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the joint contains less than 2 cracks with a size above 100μm and wherein the longest crack has a length below 250μm. 19. JUNTA SOLDADA por pontos, de acordo com a reivindicação 18, caracterizada pela segunda chapa de metal ser uma chapa de aço ou uma chapa de alumínio.19. POINT WELDED JOINT, according to claim 18, characterized in that the second metal plate is a steel plate or an aluminum plate. 20. JUNTA SOLDADA por pontos, de acordo com a reivindicação 19, caracterizada pela segunda chapa de metal ser uma chapa de aço, conforme definida em qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 12, ou que pode ser obtida a partir do método, conforme definido em qualquer uma das reivindicações 13 a 17.20. POINT WELDED JOINT, according to claim 19, characterized in that the second metal sheet is a steel sheet, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, or that can be obtained from the method, as defined in any one of claims 13 to 17. 21. JUNTA SOLDADA por pontos, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 18 a 20, caracterizada por compreender uma terceira chapa de metal que é uma chapa de aço ou uma chapa de alumínio.21. POINT WELDED JOINT, according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that it comprises a third metal plate which is a steel plate or an aluminum plate. 22. JUNTA SOLDADA por pontos, de acordo com a reivindicação 21, caracterizada pela junta deixar de conter trincas com um tamanho acima de 100 μm.22. POINT WELDED JOINT, according to claim 21, characterized in that the joint no longer contains cracks with a size above 100 μm. 23. USO DE UMA CHAPA DE AÇO REVESTIDA, conforme definida em qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 12, ou uma junta soldada por pontos, conforme definida em qualquer uma das reivindicações 18 a 22, caracterizado por ser para a fabricação de peça para veículos automotivos.23. USE OF A COATED STEEL SHEET, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, or a spot welded joint, as defined in any one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that it is for the manufacture of parts for automotive vehicles .
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