BR112012030133A2 - tubular cutting system and its method of use - Google Patents

Abstract

  CUTTING SYSTEM OF A TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE, a method of cutting a tubular structure of a wellhead is presented; the method involves positioning a burst safety system around a tubular structure, the burst safety system containing a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding and a plurality of blades carried by the pistons for admission to the tubular structure; the method also involves drilling the tubular structure with a drilling point of at least one of the blades, such that a part of the tubular structure is displaced, and widening through the tubular structure with a cutting surface of at least one of the blades.

Description

"CUTTING SYSTEM AND A TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE"

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This order is, in part, a continuation of North American Non-Provisional Order No. 12 / 883,469 filed on September 16, 2010, which is a continuation of US Patent No. 7,814,979 deposited on May 5, 2008, which is a division of US Patent No. 7,367,396 filed on April 25, 2006, whose contents are fully incorporated into the present by reference. This application also claims the benefit of North American Provisional Application No. 61 / 349,660 filed on May 28, 2010, North American Provisional Application No. 61 / 349,604 filed on May 28, 2010, North Provisional Application -Americano NN - 61 / 359,746 filed on June 29, 2010 and of 'Provisional North American Order No. 61 / 373,734 filed on August 13, 2010, whose contents are incorporated in their entirety herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates in general to techniques for performing well operation.

More specifically, the present invention relates to techniques for preventing bursts, for example, involving cutting the tubular structure in the well. "Description of the Related Art Petroleum operations are generally carried out to locate and gather valuable fluids at the bottom of the well. The oil platforms are positioned at the well sites', and the well bottom machines, such as drilling tools, are arranged in the 5 soil to reach the reservoirs under the surface Since the bottom-bottom tools form a wellhead to reach a desired reservoir, the structures can be cemented within the wellhead, and the mouth-- of - · Well will be complete to start the production of fluids from the reservoir The devices of the well-bottomed tubular structures, such as tubes, certain well-bottomed tools, structures, drill pipes, casing, spiral pipe, production pipe , forming tools, steel cables or other members of the tubular structures positioned in the wellhead are associated components, such as clamps perforation,. 'drilling joints, drills. drilling machines, profiling machines, shutters, and the like, (referred to as 'tubular structures' or 'tubular chains') can be positioned at the wellhead to allow fluids to pass under the surface to the surface.

The leakage of fluids from the lower surface can pose a significant environmental threat if released from the wellhead. Equipment, such as overflow safety systems (BOPs), are generally positioned around the "mouth of the parent well": to form a seal around the tubular structure to prevent leakage of fluids, which reach the surface. Typical BOPS can have selectively actuable plungers or plunger plugs, such as tube plungers (for contact, intake and wrapping of tubular structures and / or 5 wellhead sealing tools) or - shear drawers (for physical contact and shearing of a ' tubular structure), which can be activated to cut and / or --- seal a tubular-air structure in a well-placed mouth. Some examples of BOPS and / or plunger blocks are provided in U.S. Patent Applications N. ° "4647002, 6173770, 5025708, 5575452, 5655745, 5918851, 4550895, 5575451, 3554278, 5505426, 5013005, 5056418, 7051989, 5575452, 2008/0265188, 5735502, 5897094, 7234530 and 2009/005613.

Additional bits of BOPS, shear drawers, and / or blades for cutting tubular structures. are disclosed in North American Patent Nos. '3946806, 4043389, 4313496, 4132267, 4558842,' 4969390, 4492359, 4504037, 2752119, 3272222, 3744749, 4253638, '4523639, 5025708, 5400857, 43134950, 5360061 , 5515916, 6173770, 3863667, 6158505, 4057887, 5178215, and 6016880.

Despite the development of techniques for the treatment of bursts, there is still a "need to provide advanced techniques to more effectively cut a tubular structure within a BOP. The present invention aims to satisfy this need for the technique.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In at least one aspect, the invention relates to a method of cutting a tubular structure of a wellhead, the wellhead penetrating an underground formation. The method involves the positioning of a burst safety system around a tubular structure. The overflow safety system has a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding and a plurality of blades carried by the pistons for- admission- in the tubular structure. The method --- still involves drilling the tubular structure with a drilling point of at least one of the blades, such that part of the tubular structure is displaced, and widening through the tubular structure with a cut surface of at least one of the blades.

The method may also involve continuing to advance the plungers until the tubular structure is cut. In the widening step, the cutting surface can be advanced until the tubular structure is separated. In the drilling step, the drilling point can perforate a central intake part of the tubular structure, · or an intermediate intake part of the tubular structure In the widening step, the cutting surface can pass through an intermediate intake part of the tubular structure and / or an external supply part The blade can also be provided with a pair of 'scrapers', and the method may involve passing at least one pair of scrapers through at least 'one' part of the tubular structure. In the passage stage, the scrapers can pass through an external part. in

W admission of the tubular structure. The blades may include an upper blade and a lower blade, and the method may also involve the act of passing the upper blade through the tubular structure above the lower blade. In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of cutting a tubular structure of a well hole. The method involves positioning a security system against overflow.

around the tubular structure. The "Burst Security" system has a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding in the system, each of the "plurality" and pistons carrying a blade. Each blade has a blade body containing a front face on one of its facing sides for the tubular structure. The blade body has a cutting surface through at least part of the front face, and a perforation point along the front face. The perforation point has a tip that extends a distance beyond the The method also involves drilling the tubular structure with the perforation point of the blade so that a part of the tubular structure is displaced from it, and widening along the tubular structure with the cutting surface of the blade.

In the enlargement stage, a. cutting surface can be advanced until the surface cuts the tubular structure. In the widening step, the cutting surface can be advanced until the tubular structure is separated. In the drilling step, the "drilling point can pierce a central coupling part of the tubular structure. In the widening step, the cutting surface can pass through an intermediate coupling part of the tubular structure. In the widening step, the surface cutting edge can pass through an outer coupling part 5. of the tubular structure. "The blade body can also have a pair of scrapers along" the front face of the body. " of the blade, - each of the pairs - of scrapers on the "long sides of the tip, and the method may also involve passing at least one of the pair of scrapers through at least a part of the tubular structure. In the passage step, at least one pair of scrapers can pass through an outer coupling part of the tubular structure.

Finally, in another aspect, the invention relates to a method for cutting a tubular structure from a well hole. The method involves positioning a "pop safety" system around a tubular structure. The pop safety system has a plurality of plungers positioned by sliding in the system and a plurality of laminas carried by the plungers for coupling the tubular structure. The method also involves advancing the plurality of blades through the tubular structure by drilling through the tubular structure with a drilling point of at least one of the blades so that a part of the tubular structure is displaced therefrom, through the tubular structure with a cutting surface of at least one of the blades until the tubular structure is cut.

The blades may also have a pair of scrapers, and the advancement step may also involve passing at least one of the pair of scrapers through at least a part of the tubular structure. The advancement step can also involve advancing the plurality of blades ". Through the tubular structure" through "drilling" the tubular structure with the pair of scrapers. The blades may include an upper blade and a lower blade, with the upper blade passing through the tubular structure at a distance above the lower blade.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order that the features and advantages of the present invention cited above can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, can be seen by reference to the applications of the present, which are illustrated in the drawings. in appendix. It should be noted, however, that the attached drawings illustrate only typical applications of the present invention and, therefore, should not be considered as limiting the scope, since the invention can combine other equally effective applications. The Figures do not necessarily have a scale, and certain characteristics and views of the Figures can be shown in an exaggerated way in terms of scale or scheme, for better clarity and conciseness.

Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an offshore drilling site containing an overflow safety system (BOP) with blades for cutting a tubular structure; Figures 2A-2B show schematic side and top views, respectively, partially in cross-section, of the BOP in Figure 1 before starting a "cofte" era; Figure 2C is a schematic side view, partially in cross-section, of the BOP of Figure 1 during a cutting operation; Figures 3A-3G are several schematic views of a blade usable in the BOP of FIG.

2A; Figures 4A-4D are several schematic views of a replaceable blade tip; Figures 5A-5G are several schematic views of an alternative blade containing a replaceable blade tip; Figures 6A-6H are various schematic views of another alternative blade; Figures 7A-7G are several schematic views of another alternative blade; Figures 8A-8G are several schematic views of another alternative blade; Figures 9-15 are several schematic views of several other alternative "slides";

P Figures 16A-16J are schematic views of several blade profiles; Figure 17 is a schematic top view, partially in cross section of one.

5 blade admitting a tubular structure; Figures 18A and 18B are schematic views, partially in cross section of "a pair - of blades admitting a tubular structure" to; "Figures 19A-19D are cross sectional views of a shear area of a ·.

tubular structure; Figures 20A-20H are viewed - schematic showing several parts of a tubular structure cut by a BOP, and the blade used for this; Figures 21.A-21B "are force x time graphs for a tubular structure cut by a BOP using several blades; and Figures 22A and 22B are flowcharts that illustrate the methods of cutting a tubular structure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The following description includes exemplary apparatus, methods, techniques and / or instructional sequences that incorporate techniques of the present subject of the invention. However, it is understood that the applications described can be practiced without these specific details.

This "application relates to the BOP and at least one blade used to cut a tubular structure in a well. The tubular structure can be, for example, a tubular structure that flows through the BOP 'during operations at the drilling site. cutting operation can allow the tubular structure to be removed from the BOP and / or from the well bore. The tubular structure can be cut, for example, to seal a hole in the well if it has undergone a leak and / or in case of overflow .- - The BOP is supplied with several blade configurations to facilitate the cutting of the tubular structure, these blades can be configured with perforation points, cutting surfaces and / or scrapers' aimed at reducing the force required for the cutting of a tubular structure The invention provides techniques for cutting a variety of tubular structures (or chains of tubular structures), such as a diameter of up to 21.59 cm, preferably the BOP and the lamina nas provide one or more of the following, among others: efficient replacement of parts (eg blades) reduced wear, less force required to cut the tubular structure, automatic · BOP sealing, efficient cutting, incorporation into (or use with) existing equipment and less maintenance time for parts replacement.

Figure 1 illustrates an offshore drilling site 100 containing a submerged system 106 and a surface system 120. Submerged system 1.06 has a separator 102, a BOP 108, a wellhead 110, and a pipe release system 112. The 102 tab

—- · and / or the BOP 108 can be configured to seal a tubular structure 118 (and / or transporter), and run through a well hole 116 at the bottom of the sea 107. The BOP 108 has at least one blade 150 for the cut of tubular structure 118. One or 5 more controllers 126 and / or 128 can operate, monitor and / or control BOP 108, separator 102, piping release system 112 and / or other parts of drilling site 100, - The pipe release system 112 can be configured to transport one or more downhole tools 114 in the borehole 116 in the tubular structure 118. Although BOP 108 is described as being used in submerged operations, it will be considered that the site drilling 100 can be ground or water based and BOP 108 can be used in any drilling site environment.

The surface system 120 can be used to facilitate oil operations at the offshore drilling site 100. The surface system 120 can comprise a rig 122, a platform 124 (or vessel) and controller 126. As shown, the controller 126 is in a "surface and submerged control location 128 is in a submerged location, it will be considered that one or more controllers" 126/128 may be located in several locations to control surface 120 and / or submerged systems

106. Communication links 134 can be provided by controllers 126/128 for communication with different

12/57 · parts of drilling site 100.

As shown, piping release system 112 is located within conduit 111, although it should be considered that piping 5 can be located in any suitable location, such as at the bottom of the sea, close to submerged equipment 106, without the conduit 11, within the scmda 122, and the like. The tubing-action release system -112 -can be any tubular release system, such as a coiled tubing injector, a drill rig containing equipment such as a top drive, a Kelly (square rod), a winch and the like (not shown). Beyond. in addition, the chains of tubular structures 118 to be cut can be any.

suitable tubular structure and / or a tubular chain, as previously described. Downhole tools 114 can be any wellhead tool suitable for drilling, completing, evaluating and / or producing wellhole 116, such as drills, shutters, test equipment, drill guns and the like. Other devices can be optionally positioned around the drilling site to perform various functions, such as the shutter system 104 housing the separator 102 and a tube

130.

Figures 2A-2C illustrate BOP 108 in greater detail. Figures 2A and 2B show. BOP 108 before its activation. Figure 2C shows the BOP. 108 after activation. BOP 108 may be similar, for example, to the BOP described in the Non-Provisional Order North- '

American No. 12 / 883,469, previously. incorporated herein. As shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, BOP 108 may have a body 12 with a hole extending through it. The tubular structure 118 can pass through the hole 14. The body 12 can have a lower flange 16 and an upper flange 18 for connecting the BOP 108 to other equipment in a "wellhead" stack, for example, separator 102 , (as shown in Figure 1), wellhead 110 and similar "ares." "BOP 108 can have one or more actuators 28 to drive one or more blades 150, such as a pair of blades 150a, b, to cut the tubular structure 118.

The actuators 28 can move a piston 30 within a cylinder 32 to remove a stem 34.

The stem 34 can be coupled to a blade holder 24 and '26, or a first and second plunger 24 and 26. Each of the blade holders 24 and 26 can be coupled to one of the' blades 150a, b. Thus, actuators 28 can move the blades forward and away from hole 14 to cut tubular structure 118 into hole 14. Actuators · 28 can drive blades 150a, b in response to direct control from controllers 126 and / or '128, an operator, and / or a response to a condition in well bore 116 (as' shown in Figure 1) such as a pressure wave. As shown, "actuators 28 shown are hydraulically operated and can be driven by a hydraulic system '(no." Shown), although any suitable means for driving blades 150a, b can be used, such as pneumatic, electric and the like.

One or more surfaces of.

piston guide 20 and 22, or surfaces. can guide each of the blades 150a, b inside the BOP 108, as the actuator 28 moves the blades 150a, b. The 5 plunger guide surfaces 20 and 22 can extend externally from opposite sides of the hole 14. Figure 2B shows a top view of the, BOP 108. The blade holders 24 and 26 are shown holding the blades 150a; b in an. unacted position within "'" "of the piston guide surfaces 20 and 22.

Blades 150a, b of blade holders 24 and 26 can be positioned to pass one another through hole 14 while cutting the tubular frame

118. As shown, the pair of "blades 150a, b includes an upper cutting blade 150a (any blade according to the present invention) on plunger 24 and a lower cutting blade 150b (any blade according to this" the plunger 26. The cutting blades 150a and 150b can be positioned so that a cutting tip of the blade 150b passes some distance below the cutting tip of the blade 150a when cutting and / or shearing a section of the tubular structure 118 .

The cutting action of the cutting lamps 150a and 150b can pierce, 'widen, shear, and / or cut the tubular structure 118 (see FIG. 2C) at the top 118a and at the bottom 118b. After the tubular structure 118 is cut, the lower part of the tubular structure 118b can fall into the hole of the well 116 (as shown in Figure 1) below the BOP 108. Optionally

(which is true for any method according to the present invention) the drill string can be hung errt a lower set of plungers (not shown). BOP 108 and / or.

another part of the equipment can then seal the uncoated well and / or the well bore 116 to prevent an oil leak and / or explosion.

Figures 3A-8G show different views of shapes that blade 150 can take ": __ A's" "'" "" "" _ "Figures 3A-3G illustrate several ions of a blade 350 usable, for example, as blade 150 of Figure 1-2C '(and / or the upper blade 150a and / or the lower blade 150b) Figure 3A is an expanded perspective view of the blade 350.

Figure 3B shows a bottom view of blade 350 and a cross-sectional view of tubular structure 118. Figure 3C shows a top view of blade 350. Figure 3D shows a rear perspective view of blade 350. Figure 3E shows a view side of blade 350. Figure 3F shows a front view of blade 350. "Figure 3G shows a cross-sectional view of blade 350 along the 3G-3G line in Figure 3F.

Blade 350 is preferably.

configured to drill, widen, shear and / or scrape the tubular structure 118 while the blade 350 travels through a tubular structure, such as the tubular structure of Figure 1.

The blade 350 shown is provided with a blade body 3017, a drilling point (or projection) 300, one or more scraping points (or scrapers) 30, one or more cutting surfaces of the blade 306, one or more rails ( or slots) 304, a loading surface 308, and one or more opening 310. The drilling point 300 and the scrapers 302 can be extended from a front face 303 of the blade body 307. The front face 303 has a first · 5 part 311 and a second part 315 containing the cutting surface 306 on it. The perforation point 300 is positioned between the first and second part 311, 315. The blade body 307 can have a base 305 along the bottom.

The openings 310 can be configured to receive one or more connectors 312 to - connect the blade 350 to the blade holders 24 and 26 '(as shown in Figure 2A). The connector, or connectors 312, can be used to secure the blades 350 to the blade holders 24 and 26. The connectors 312 can be any suitable connector, such as a screw, a pin, a bolt, a weld and the like. "Blade 350 may also be provided, for example, as flanges 309 that extend laterally for support, for example, on guide surfaces 20, 22 of BOP 108 of Figures 2A-2C.

The drilling port 300 can be configured to substantially couple the tubular structure 118, preferably close to the center (or a 'central part' of said ').' As 'the drilling point 300 admits' the tubular structure 118, a point (or apex) 314 of the point.

drill 300 drills and / or punctures the tubular structure

118. The drilling point 300 ends at the point, 314, which can have a variety of shapes, such as round, pointed, edged, etc., as described herein.

As the drilling point 300 continues to be moved through the tubular structure 118, the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 on each side of the drilling point 300 can cut through the tubular structure 118 "from the starting point 5 of the punch. The blade 306 can also assist in the centering of the tubular structure 118. The centering of the tubular structure 118 can facilitate the positioning of the tubular structure 118 for optimal cutting and / or drilling.

One or more scrapers302 can be configured to couple the tubular structure.118 in a location towards an external part and / or from the center (or a central part) of the tubular structure 118, as shown in Figure 3B. As shown, one or more scrapers 302 are configured to couple the tubular structure 118 near an end (or outer part) of the tubular structure 118 .. One or more scrapers 302 can have projections 351 to punch the tubular structure 118 in a similar manner to the drilling point 300. A width W (Fig. 3B) between the tip 314 of the drilling point 300 and the projection 351 of the scrapers 302 can be configured.

to contact a desired part of the tubular structure 118.

As the blade 350 continues to be moved through the tubular structure 118, the scrapers · 302 can pass through the tubular structure. The cutting surface of blade 306 on scrapers 302 may have a cutting angle - y (or inclined) to pass through the tubular structure 118. The cutting angle y of the cutting surface of blade 306 can vary around blade 350 as needed to facilitate the cutting process. The cutting angle y is shown, for example, in Figure 3E with a complementary angle of 90 ° - y shown in Figure 3G. The scrapers 302 can also have an exit angle 9 on an external surface, as shown in Figure 3C, which can continue to cut the walls of the tubular structure 118. O.

outlet angle 9 can be configured to separate part 10 of the tubular structure 118, as the cutting surface of the blade 306 cuts through the wall, reducing the force required to cut the tubular structure.

The scraper, or scraper 302, can be configured to scrape and / or shear a portion of the tubular structure 118 on either side of the drilling point 300, thereby increasing the strength and integrity of the tubular structure 118. One or more scrapers 302 can align the tubular structure 118 relative to the blade 350 in the center, since the blade 350 is coupled to the tubular structure 118. As shown in Figures 3A-3C, the scraper, or scrapers 302, can couple the tubular structure 118 before that the drilling point 300 is coupled to the tubular structure 118. By adjusting the configuration so that the drilling point 300 and / or the pitting points 302 can be in different lengths relative to each other, the scrapers 302 can be configured to substantially couple the tubular structure 118 simultaneously with the drilling point 300 and / or after the drilling point 300. In this way, the blade 350 can pierce and / or scrape the tubular structure 118 in one or more locations to facilitate cutting.

The geometry of the blades 5 described herein can be adjusted to provide points of contact at various locations along the blade. When manipulating the dimensions and. the position of the drilling point 300, the scrapers 302 and the front face 303, the contact "of the blade-" - with the tubular structure can be adjusted and / or optimized. '10 While Figures 3A-3G illustrate a specific configuration of the 302 scrapers for contact with the tubular structure, the dimensions of the blade can be selected to allow the tubular structure to pass between the scrapers

302. In these cases, the scraper 302. Is perforated by the 15 perforation point 300, and the cut surfaces 306 along the front face 303 of the blade between the scraper 302 can be used to scrape and / or shear parts of the tubular structure and to cut said structure.

The blades described in the present 20 can be constructed from any material '.

suitable for cutting the tubular structure 118, like iron.

In addition, the blade may have parts such as points 300, 302, and / or the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 that are hardened and / or coated to prevent wear of the blades. Hardening can be achieved by using any suitable method, such as wear coating,. heat treatment, hardening, material change, 'inserting a hardened material "352 (as shown in -

. Figure 3A), such as diamond polycarbonate, INCONEL '"and the like.

Each of the blades herein may have replaceable tips of the blade 400 5 as shown in Figures 4A-4D. Figure 4A is an expanded top view of the tip of blade 400. Figure 4B is a perspective view of. blade tip 400. Figure 4C is an end view of the blade tip 400. "Éi" figure 4D "- is a cross-sectional view of the blade tip 400 of Figure 4A along line 4D-4D.

Replaceable tips of blade 400 may be sized to partially replace or all of the tips and / or points described herein, such as drilling points 300 and scrapers 302 of blade 350 (as shown in "Figures 3A-3G). In addition, there may be a replaceable cutting surface of the blade (not shown) which can replace part or all of the front face of the blade, such as the cutting surfaces 306 of the scrapers 302 of the blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G.

Replaceable tips of

Y blade 400 can be used to replace worn and / or damaged parts of existing blades. The replaceable tips of the blade 400 can have compatible shapes and tips to conform, for example,

25. With the drilling point 300 and with the related tip 314 and the cutting surfaces 306 of the original blade. In some cases, the blade 400 replaceable tips may provide alternative tip shapes, sizes and / or materials to provide variable blade configurations. For example, replaceable blade tips 400 can be used to provide a drilling point, 300 extended for varying blade contact points.

Replaceable tips of blade 400 can be constructed from the same material as blade 350 and / or any hardening materials and / or methods described herein.

The replaceable tips of the blade 400, as shown, can have the same shape as any of the drilling points 300 and / or scrapers 302 described herein, and can have one or more connector holes 402 for receiving a connector 452 for coupling the replaceable tips 400, for example, for blades 150 and / or 350 (as shown in Figures 1-3G). Replaceable tips 400 may have an X-tip angle, for example, at an acute angle of about 60 degrees.

Figures 5A-5G show several views of a blade 550 usable, for example, as the blade 150 of Figures 1-2C. Figure 5 shows a front perspective view of blade 550. Figure "" 58 'shows a rear perspective view of blade 150. Figure 5C shows a bottom view of blade 550. Figure 5D shows a top view of blade 550 Figure 5E shows a front view of blade 550. Figure 5F-shows "a cross-sectional side view of blade 500 of Figure 5E to the

.- -. - - along the 5F-5F line. Figure 5G shows a side view of blade 550.

Blade 550 may be similar to blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G, except that, in this configuration, blade 550 defines a different blade shape. The blade 550 as shown is provided with the drilling point (or projection) 300 with an angled drilling tip 500, one or more of a scraper "(or scraper) 302, one or more cutting surfaces of the blade 306, one or more more rails (or slots) 304, the loading surface 308, and one or more opening 310. In this version, the drilling point 300 extends beyond the scrapers 302, and the scrapers have an exit angle 9 facing the point hole 300. In addition, blade 550 can be configured to incorporate, for example, the replaceable tip of blade 400 (as shown in Figure 4A-4D).

As shown, drilling port 300 is a replaceable tip of blade 400 that has been removed for replacement. Blade 550 may have a blade connector hole 501 configured to align with one or more connector holes 402 on the replaceable blade tip, 400. A 452 connector, such as a screw and the like, can be used to couple the replaceable tip of blade 400 with blade 550. While these figures show the drilling point 300 as one. ' replaceable tip 400, it will be understood that scrapers 302 can also be replaceable. In addition, while

Figures 5A-5G show a specific blade configuration, any blade configuration can be provided with one or more replaceable tips 400. The replaceable tip of the blade 400 can be shaped like, for example, any of the 300 drill points and / or scrapers 302 shown herein.

Figures 6A-6H illustrate - - various · views - of a a --- blade -650. usable,. -as the upper blade-150a and / or the lower blade 150b of Figures 2A-2C.

Figure 6A shows a top view of blade 650. A.

Figure 6B illustrates a bottom view of blade 650. Figure 6C illustrates a front view of blade 650. Figure 6D illustrates a cross-sectional view of blade 650 of Figure 6C along line 6D-6D. Figure 6E shows a cross-sectional view of blade 650 of Figure 6C along line 6E-6E. Figure 6F illustrates a side view of blade 650. Figure 6G illustrates another perspective view of blade 650.

Figure 6H illustrates a perspective view of blade 650 of line 6H-6H of Figure 6G.

Blade 650 is preferably configured to puncture, widen, shear and / or scrape while blade 650 travels through a tubular structure, such as tubular structure 118 of Figure 1.

The "blade 650 may be similar to the blade 350 of Figures. 3A-3G, except that, in this configuration, the blade 650 defines a different shape. Of the blade. The blade 650, as shown, is provided with the drilling point, (or projection) 300 with an angled drilling tip 600, one or more of a scraper (or scrapers) 302, one or more cutting surfaces of the blade 306, one or more rails (or crevices) 304, the loading surface 308 and one or more openings 310.

5 The scrapers 302 of the blade 650 end in the projection 351. The scrapers 302 can 'have a pointed configuration that can be used for drilling the- "tubular structure when in contact with it.-. In this version, the angled drilling tip 600 extends beyond scrapers 302, and scrapers have an exit angle 9 facing drilling point 600. Drilling point 300 for blade 650 shown in Figures 6A-H ends at angled punch tip 600.

The angled punch tip 600 can be configured to have two punch walls 601 that extend from a lead tip 602. The lead tip 602, as shown in Figure 6H, can extend from an upper part 604 to a lower part 606 of "blade 650 in a direction substantially parallel to a · longitudinal axis of the tubular structure 118 (as shown in Figure 1). The two punch walls 601 can extend" "from the lead point 602 toward the rails 304 at an 'angle 0. The two punching walls 601 can extend from the top 604 to the bottom 606, as they extend in the direction' ", to the rails 304 until the two, the walls of punch 601 'reach parallel walls 608, as shown in Figure 6G.

The parallel wall 608 can be formed by walls, or a part of the walls, which extend substantially parallel to the cutting direction of the blade 650. As shown in Figure 6H, the parallel walls 608 extend linearly towards the rails 304 at the top of the blade, as shown in Figure 6B. The cutting surface of the blade 306 is formed above the bottom and around the "gutter" 304: The-- cutting surface of the blade 306 above the bottom 610 can be configured to substantially align with a or more scrapers 302, or for compensation therefrom.

The punch tip 600 can be configured so that the lead tip 602 is attached to the tubular structure 118 first, while the blade 650 is attached to the tubular structure (as shown in Figure 1). The lead tip 602 can enter a part of the tubular structure 118 while the punching walls 601 separate the wall from the tubular structure 118, similar to a chisel. The angled punch tip 60 "0 can separate and / or remove a portion of the wall of the tubular structure 118 until the cutting surface 306 of the blade 650 is coupled to the tubular structure 118.

As shown in the Figures. 6A-6H, a portion of the blade 650 along the punch tip 600 has a vertical surface and the remainder of the blade 650 has an inclined surface. As demonstrated.

in these figures, the parts of the blade 650 may have vertical and / or inclined surfaces.

Figures 7A-7G illustrate several views of a usable blade 750, such as the upper blade 150a and / or the lower blade 150b of Figures 2A-2C.

Figure 7A shows a top view of blade 750. Figure 7B illustrates an bottom view of blade 750. Figure 7C illustrates a front view of "blade 750. Figure 7D illustrates a cross-sectional view of blade 750 of Figure 7C along line 7D-7D Figure _JE illustrates a cross-sectional view of blade 750 of Figure 7C along line 7E-7E Figure 7F illustrates a side view of blade 750. Figure 7G illustrates a view perspective view of blade 750 of Figure 7F from view 7G-7G.

The 750 blade is,. preferably configured to drill, widen, shear and / or scrape while the blade travels through a tubular structure, such as tubular structure 118 in Figure 1. Blade 650 may be similar to blade 350 in Figures 3K; -3G, except that, in this configuration, blade 650 defines a different blade shape. The blade 750, as shown, is provided with the drilling point (or projection) 300 with an angled drilling tip 600, one or more of a scraper (or scrapers) 302, one or more cutting surfaces of the blade 306, one or more rails (or slots) 304, the loading surface 308 and one or more openings 310. The blade 650 may be similar to the blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G, except that the scrapers 302 and the drilling point 300 have shapes alternatives. The blade 750 may have a square punch tip 700. The flat punch fan 702 of the scrapers 302 may have flat walls 704 extending from it. Angled cutting surfaces 306 can be inserted into the tubular structure during coupling.

The drilling point 300 for blade 750 shown in Figures 7A-H is a square punch tip 700. The square punch tip 700 may have a 'flat punch face 702. The flat punch face 702' as shown is a rectangular surface, although it can have any shape. The flat punch face 702 can extend from the upper part 604 to the lower part 606 of the blade 750 in a direction substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the tubular structure 118 (as shown in Figure 1).

Two. parallel punch walls 704 can extend from the flat punch face 702 towards the rails 304 in a direction substantially parallel to the cutting direction of the blade 750.

The two parallel punching walls 704 can extend from the upper part 604 to the lower part 606 of the blade 750 as they extend towards the rails

304. A parallel punching step 706 can be configured for the transition of the square punch tip 700 on the cutting surfaces 306 next to the slots 304.

The square puncture tip 700, can be configured so that the flat function face 702 · is attached to the tubular frame first, while the blade 750 is attached to the tubular frame (as shown.

in Figure 1). The flat puncture face 702 can puncture, '

notching and / or entering a part of the tubular structure 118.

The square punch tip 700 can separate and / or remove a portion of the wall from the tubular frame 118. With the punch tip 700 extended beyond the raiders 302, the punch tip 700 can engage the tubular frame before the blade scrapers 302 750 are coupled to the tubular structure.

Figures 8A-8G illustrate various views of a 850.usable blade, such as the upper blade 150a and / or the lower blade 150a of Figures 2A-2C.

Figure 8A shows a top view of blade 850. Figure 8B shows a bottom view of blade 850. Figure 8C shows a front view of blade 850. Figure 8D shows a cross-sectional view of blade 850 of Figure 8C along the line 8D-8D. Figure 8E shows a cross-sectional view of blade 850 along line 8E-8E. Figure 8F shows a side view of blade 850. Figure 8G shows a perspective view of blade 850 of Figure 8F a.

from the 8G-8G view.

The 850 blade is preferably configured to drill, widen, shear, and / or scrape the tubular structure 118 while the 850 blade travels through a tubular structure, like the tubular structure 118 in Figure 1. The 850 blade can be similar to blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G, except that, in this configuration, blade 850 defines a different blade shape. The 850 blade, as shown, is provided with an inverse point between two drilling points (or projection).

803. The blade is also provided with one or more of a scraper (or scrapers) 302, one or more cutting surfaces of the blade 306, one or more rails (or slots) 304, the loading surface 308 and one or more openings 310. Blade 850 may be similar to blade 350 of Figures 3A-3G, except that scrapers 302 and drilling point 300 have alternative shapes. The blade may have a flat scraping face 807.- The flat scraping face 807 of scrapers 302 can have an inclined cutting surface 306 extending from the face. Angled cutting surfaces 306 can be inserted into the tubular structure during coupling.

Drill point 300 has been reconfigured with an inverted punch point 802. An inverted point 800 is positioned between two drill points 300 for blade 850 shown in Figures 8A-H to form an inverted punch tip 802. The tip 'inverted punch 802 may have two inverted surfaces' 804 extending from the inverted point 800 at an angle with. towards the drilling points 300. The angle can be any suitable angle that allows the drilling points 300 to be coupled to the tubular structure before, or simultaneously, the inverted point 800 is coupled to the tubular structure. The two inverted surfaces 804 can be rectangular shaped surfaces, or any other suitable shape.

The 802 standard punch can only extend to a part of the depth of the

. blade 850 between the upper part 604 and the lower part 606, as shown, or can extend to full depth in a direction substantially in line with a longitudinal axis of the tubular structure 118 '(as shown in Figure 1). A stepped blade surface 808 can be extended from a parallel top portion 810 and / or a parallel bottom portion 812 of the 802 "inverted tip" tip. " The upper parallel '810 can be a distance below the upper surface 604. The upper part. parallel bottom 812 can be a distance above the bottom surface 606.

Two parallel punching walls 806 can be extended from the points of perforation 300 towards the rails 304 in a direction substantially parallel to the cutting direction of the blade 850.

The upper parallel 810 and the lower parallel. "812 can be extended from the top 60'4 and the bottom 606 (respectively) of the surfaces". 804 inverted staggered blade with surface direction

808.

The inverted puncture point 802 can be configured to allow the drilling points 803 to be attached to the tubular frame first, while blade 850 is attached to the tubular frame.

(as shown in Figure 1). Drill points 300 can punch, notch and / or enter a part of the tubular structure 118 before or substantially at the same

At the moment that the drilling point is inverted 800. The point of '

- 31/57 inverted punch 802 can separate and / or remove part of the wall of the tubular structure 118 until the cutting surface 306, the staggered blade surfaces 808 and / or the scrapers 302 of the blade 850 are attached to the structure '" tubular 118.

Figures 9-15 show perspective views of other shapes that the blade 150 can take.

Each of the "blades in - Figures 9-1-5 can-- be similar to the blade 350 in Figures 3A-3G, with the exception of the different blade shapes. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate blades with 'scraping and punching' profiles. Figure 9 shows a blade 950 containing flat scrapers 302 and a drilling point

300. Scrapers 302 have angled cutting surfaces 306. Scrapers 302. have projections 351 at one of their points. The cutting surfaces 306 can be formed with, for example, a shallow exit angle 9 along the face of the scrapers 302 (and / or other portions of the blade 950). The shallow exit angle 9 can be a small angle of, for example, less than about 30 degrees. The cutting surfaces 306 can also have an inclined y-angle (or blade). The perforation point 300 defines a perforation point (or puncture point) 314 at a point angle. The blade 950 has a blade body with a base 350 along a lower lateral part of the frame.

Figure 10 is similar to Figure 9, except that the exit angle 9 has increased and the drilling point 300 is lowered. In Figure 10, a blade 105 containing drilling point 300 with "chutes 304 and scrapers 302 is provided." Scrapers 302 have cut surfaces 306 at an acute exit angle 9. The acute exit angle 9 can be a large angle, for example, greater than about 30 degrees and less than about 90 degrees.

Figure 11 illustrates a blade 1150 with a serrated punch profile. In Figure 11, the '. "Blade 1150 has the drilling point 300" with the rails 304, the scrapers 302 and a serrated tip 1100. The serrated tip 1100 is shown on the blade "na 1150 together with the cutting surface 306 on both sides of the drilling point 300. However, the serrated tip 1100 can be on any of the cutting surfaces 306. The serrated tip 110 can have a plurality of saw tips (or saws) 1102 for coupling and cutting the tubular structure

118. As also shown in Figure 11, scrapers 302 can have an exit angle 9 facing the drilling point 300. The exit angle 9 can be, for example, about 45 degrees. Also as shown in this Figure, the cutting surface 306 can be extended along the entire front face of the blade 1150 and have a cutting angle y along the entire front face.

Figure 12 illustrates a 1250 lamina containing a flat tip and a flat punch profile. The blade 1250 has an extended drilling point 300 and rinse scrapers 302. In Figure 12, the drilling point 300 of the blade 150 has a flat punch tip 1200, cutting surfaces · of the blade 306 close to the

'33/57 flat punch tip 1200, tip coupling part 1202, a tp tip cutting angle and a front face 1206.

The flat punch tip 1200, as shown, has 'a' rectangular profile configured to couple the tubular structure 118 (as shown in Figure 1), although it can have any shape, such as square, circular, polygonal and the like. The punch tip 1200 can be at one - part of the blade 1250 extending from the flat face 1206 towards the rear of the loading surface 308 of the blade 1250.

As shown, the tip coupling parts 1202 extend substantially parallel to each other along a length of the flat punch tip 1200. However, the parts may form an angle (not shown '). The coupling portion of the tip 1202 may be at a cutting angle A lateral to the front face 1206 and may have the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 therein.

The side cutting angle A can have any suitable angle for cutting the tubular structure 118 (as shown in Figure 1). Various cutting surfaces 306 are illustrated as extending from the flat punch tip 1200 at various angles thereto.

The 'scrapers 302' are illustrated as being flat surfaces containing a zero degree exit angle 9 parallel to the surface load 308.

The scrapers 302, have the cutting surfaces 30.6 coupled to them being extended to a "cutting angle" of the blade. The cutting angle of the blade to the cutting surfaces

34/57 · cut 306 can be constant along scraper 302 and / or blade 1250. Front face 1206 can also have the same cut angle y.

Figure 13 illustrates a '1350 blade containing an enlarging tip profile. The lamina 1350 has an extended drilling point 300 and scrapers 302 "for rinsing. In Figure 13, lamina 1350 also has the cutting surface of lamina" 306 along the entire front face of blade 1350, an enlarging chute 1300 , an 'flare' flange 1302, a flare part 1301, an outlet rail 1306 and a front face 1316. The scrapers 302 are illustrated as being flat surfaces containing an exit angle Q of zero degrees parallel to the loading surface 308 and defining the flat front face 1316. The flat front face 1316 can be similar to the flat front faces described in.

gift. The scrapers 302 have the cutting surfaces 306 coupled and are extended to the blade angle y. The blade angle y of the cutting surfaces 306 can be constant along the scraper 302 and / or the blade 1350.

The drill tip, 300, has the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 erti on both sides which are extended a distance from the tip 314 of the drill tip 300 to the ream of the 1300 reamer at a 't' tip angle. In the channel of the reamer 1300, the point angle 0 of the cutting surface of the blade "306 is changed to the point angle to form a blade step.

angled blade 1308. The angled blade step 1308 ends part of the reamer 1304 where the angle of the cutting surface of the blade 306 is modified again so that the tip angle forms the cutting surface of the blade 306 in the part of the reamer 1304. The blade section 306 p "can be extended from the flange of reamer 1302 along the part of reamer 1304 to outlet chute 1306. Output chute 1306 can be a continuous curve of the cutting surface of blade 306 from part of the reamer 1304 to the flat front face, 1316.

The blade 350 of Figure 13 can also have a staggered front face of the blade 1310. The staggered front face of the blade 1310 can divide a depth D of the blade 1350, thereby forming a 'lower plateau 1311 and a lower plateau 1317. The lower plateau 1311 is positioned between an upper end 1319 of the cutting surface of blade 306 and a lower surface 1315 of a second cutting surface of blade 1312. The second cutting surface of blade 1312 may have an inclination similar to the "cutting surface" 306, or a different slope. In addition, the second cutting blade 'of the surface 1312 can be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the cutting travel direction of the blade. The upper plateau 1317 extends from the cutting surface 1312 to the loading surface 308. One ".

or more plateaus and / or flanges from various angles can be supplied.

Figure 14 presents. a 1450 blade with a balanced tip and wing in the profile of the chute. The blade 1450 has a drilling point 300 and scrapers 302 with sloped tracks 304 between them. In Figure 14, blade 1450 has a balanced tip 1400 with a rounded tip 1402 and a chamfer equal to 1404 in.

each side of the rounded tip 1402. The rounded tip, 1402 can be a semi-cylindrical tip formed at the front of the drilling point 300 of the blade 1450. The semi-cylindrical tip can be raised or extended in a perpendicular or substantially perpendicular direction in relation to the blade cutting direction. Chamfers 1404 can also be extended from one end of the tip 1406 to the top of the blade 1408 and / or the bottom of the blade 1410 to provide balance on the rounded tip 1402. The rounded tip 1402 can be extended along one end of chamfer 1412 until the cutting surface of blade 306 is reached in the chute

304.

The blade 1450 still has the cutting surface of the blade 306 which can be located on the tracks 304. The track 304 can be extended back to the cutting direction to form the scrapers 302. at any "edge of the blade 1450. The scrapers 302 have projections 351 at one of their points. Each of the cut surfaces 306 is extended from the projection 351 along an internal surface of the scraper 302 at the exit angle

9. The cutting surface 306 along the rails 304 can be at an angle y of the blade to define a widening along a portion of the blade 1450. In this widening configuration, the angled cutting surfaces 306 in the rail can be used to widening through the tubular structure 118.

Figure 15 shows a 1550 blade with a balanced tip and no -5 flare profile. The 1550 blade is presented with a dot.

drilling 300 and scrapers 302 with perpendicular rails 304 between them. In Figure 15, the blade 1550 has a balanced tip 1400 with a sharp point 1500 and equal chamfers 1404 at the top and bottom of the sharp point 1500. The blade 1550 still has the rails 304 with perpendicular surfaces 1502, along the cutting surfaces of blade 306.

The rounded tip 1402 could be a semi-cylindrical tip formed at the front of the drilling point 300 of the blade 1450. The 'semi-' cylindrical tip can be raised or extended in a 'perpendicular or substantially perpendicular direction to the cutting direction. Chamfers 1404 can also be extended from one end of the tip 1406 to the top of the blade 1408 and / or the bottom of the blade 1410 to provide balance on the rounded tip 1402. The rounded tip 1402 can be extended along a point of chamfer 1412 until the cutting surface of blade 306 is reached on rail 304. The sharp point 1500 can be an angled point formed at the front of the blade 1550. The angled point can be extended in 'mwm direction perpendicular Or substantially perpendicular to the cutting direction of the blade The same chamfers 1404 can extend from a sharp point 1500 to a super part blade value 1408 and / or a lower part of the blade "5 1410. The sharp point 1500 can extend along the tip of the chamfer 1412 until the cutting surface of the blade 306 is raised on the rail 304.

The rail 304 can "extend - - backwards in the cutting direction to form scrapers 3302 at either end of blade 1550. Scrapers 302 have projections 351 at one of their points. Each of the cutting surfaces 306 extends from the projection 351 along an internal surface of the scraper 302 at an exit angle []. The surfaces perpendicular 1502 along the '15 along the rails 304 can be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to an upper surface 1504 of the blade 1550. Unlike the inclined cutting surfaces 306 of the blade 1450 of Figure 14, the surfaces.

perpendicular 1502 'of the blade 1550 a non-widening configuration, in which the perpendicular cutting surfaces 1502 in the rail can be used to press the tubular structure 118.

At . Figures 16A-16J show several views of shapes that the blade 150 (or any other "blade of the present, such as the blades of Figures 1-15) can have. Each of these figures illustrates several." Blade profiles 1650a-j which can be supplied for the blades Each of the blade profiles 1650a-j has a front face 1615a-j defined by the drilling point 300, the scrapers 302, the slot 304 and the cutting surfaces of the blade 306 of the given blade. Each of the scrapers 302 has a scraper face 1604a-j for coupling with a tubular structure (for example, 118 in Figures 1-2C). The dotted line '1600 on each of the profiles of the blade 1615a-j on Figures 16A-16J illustrate where the 'cutting surfaces of the blade 306 may be located'.

The cutting surfaces 306 can be part or all of the front face of the blade.

The blade scrapers 302 can be configured with various shapes. A- Figure 16A shows the profile of the blade 1650A containing the scrapers 302, the drilling point 300 and the exit angle []. With this blade profile 1650a, scrapers 302 contact the tube before drilling point 300. The angle of.

output n of scrapers 302 provides "scrapers 302 a" 'front face of scrapper 1604a defining a projection 351, with drilling capabilities similar to those of drilling point 300. Figure 16B shows the profile of blade 1650b with the drilling point 300 , the scrapers 302 and a front face of the U-shaped scraper 1604b. The front face of the U-shaped scraper 1604b can be along the scraper 302 between the projection 351'and an end tip of the front part of the 160ÉL scraper Figure 16C shows the profile of the blade 1650C with the drilling point 300, and a flat scraping front 1604c. Figure 16D shows the profile of the blade 1650 with the drilling point 300 and a continuously curved front face 1615d from the front scraping face 1604d to the drilling point 300.

In this configuration, the scrapers have a curved shape for contact with the tubular structure 118.

The projections 300 and the scrapers 302 can also be configured to provide 304 'slots with different shapes. Figure 16E shows the _..-. Profile .. of the blade 1650e with the drilling point 300 with flat rails 304 that extend between the drilling point 300 and the scrapers 302.3 and with a flat scraping face 1604e . Figure 16F shows the profile of the blade 1650f with the drilling point 300 and a curved end of the blade 1615f from the flat front face of scraping 1604f to the drilling point 300. As shown in this configuration, the internal walls 1608 of the scrapers 302 can be joined.

"Figures 16G-16L show. Staggered configurations. Figure 16G shows c) blade profile 1650g that has the drilling point 300, a flat front scraping face 1604g, and a flat staggered front face 1606. The staggered flat front face 1606 can provide the scraping face 302 with an additional contact surface to couple the tube. Figure 16H shows the "blade profile 1650h with the drilling point 300, the flat scraping face 1604h, and the front face flat staggered 1606, with an inner wall 1608 between the flat front face 1604h and the flat staggered front face 1606. "The inner wall 1608 can create points 1610 similar to the projection 351 of Figure 16A. Figure 161 shows the blade profile 1650i with the drilling point 300, the scraping flat front face 1604i, and multiple flat staggered front faces 1606. As shown in these figures, one or 5 more flat or angled steps can be provided on the surfaces (or walls) in scrapers tender .1608

302.

The ---- drilling point ---- 300 can also be configured with different formats, such as 10 saws or steps. Figure 16J shows the profile of the blade 1650j with the drilling point 300, the front face 'flat 1604j and the staggered or serrated multiple points' 1612 between the drilling point 300 and the rail 3014. The serrated cutting points can be rounded or with 15 'tips, as shown. As also shown in this figure, the drilling point 300 can optionally extend beyond the scrapers 302.

Figures 17, 18A-18C, and 19A-D are schematic Top views, partially 20 transversal, of several blades 150, 150a, 150b coupled to a tubular structure 118. For descriptive purposes, the blades can be illustrated schematically as being on sides opposites of the tubular structure, but can be positioned at.

different heights along the tubular structure 118, so that an upper blade 150a passes above a lower blade 150b as shown in Figures 2A and 2B.

Figure 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating the position of a blade 150 around

42/57 of a tubular structure 118 prior to coupling. Blade 150 can be used in combination with another blade (or blades), but is illustrated alone for descriptive reasons.

As shown in Figure 17, scrapers 302 can couple an external part 1728 of the tubular frame 118, and the drilling point 300 can couple a central part 1723 of the tubular frame 118. Projections 351 are coupled to the tubular frame 118 as indicated. by the lines-.

dotted at a distance W from the drilling point. In some cases, the blades 150 may be configured so that the scrapers 302 do not pass through the tubular structure 118. For example, the width W may be greater than a radius of the tubular structure 118, so that the tubular structure 118 passes between the scrapers 302.

Figures 18A-18B show a pair of different blades 150a, b that attach to the tubular structure 118 from their opposite sides. As shown by these figures, the projections 300 can come in contact with the tubular structure 118 at different times in relation to the scrapers 302. As shown in Figure 18A,.

the scrapers 302 of the blade 150a come into contact with the tubular structure 118 before the drilling point 300. The scrapers 302 of the blade 150b come into contact with the tubular structure 118 simultaneously with the drilling point 300. These figures still "illustrate the action.-drilling the drilling point 300 and the scrapers 302 while they pierce the tubular structure One or more · drilling points, projections and / or points can be provided to selectively drill various parts of the tubular structure at a time the drilling action of a first blade 150a can be selected to cooperate with a drilling action of a second blade 150b.

Figure 18B shows another pair of different blades 150a, b served attached to the structure - tubular 118. As shown by these figures, a blade 150b can be paired with a blade 150a without perforation points, projections and / or points. Blade 150b is shown as the same blade 150b of Figure 17B, but can be any other blade. The blade 1-50a has scrapers 302 'with a single slot between them to support the tubular structure 118 during the cutting operation. Slit 304 of the blade 150a can be. configured to be aligned with the tubular structure 118 to a position. - desired for better contact with the blade 150b. Also as shown in Figure 18B, scrapers 302 can be positioned or not for coupling with the tubular structure

118.

While specific blades are healthy, or illustrated in specific positions around the tubular structure 118 of Figures 17-18B, it will be considered that 'any combination of blades in the present can be used and positioned as the top and / or bottom blade 150a, b. In addition, the selected slides can be 'measured by cutting a desired part of a certain tubular structure.

The upper and lower blades 150 a, b can employ the same blades. Shape.

alternatively, blades 150a, b may be different. For example, the top blade 150a can be shaped as

5. shown in Figure 16A and the "bottom 150b blade may be shaped as shown in Figure. 16G, as shown in Figure 17. In some cases, it may be advantageous to have a blade 150 with a drilling point - 300 and - a-another blade "150 with a slot 304 positioned on the opposite side during" operation, as shown in Figure 18B.

Figures 19A-19D illustrate cross-sectional views of shear areas of the tubular structure 118 cut by blades 150a, b. In a conventional BOP, the shear blades can shear the entire "cross section of tubular structure 118 at once. Blades 150a and 150b of Figures 19A-D are configured to remove material from tubular structure 118 in a multi-stage process. The multi-stage process takes place - while blades 150a and 150b remove and / or remove sections of the tubular structure 118 until the tubular structure 118 is cut. The removal and / or removal of the sections of the tubular structure 118 at different times and / or using different parts of the blades 150a-e 150b can be used to reduce the force required by BOP 108 to cut the tubular structure 118.

Figures 19A-19D illustrate the tubular structure 118 divided into sections for purposes. descriptive. A central coupling section (initial cSu)

1900 may be a section of tubular structure 118 close to the drilling point 300 of blades 150a and / or 150b. For descriptive purposes, the blade 150b is illustrated in a hidden line to show the operation of the blade 150a as it drills and widens the tubular structure 118. The central section (or central part) of coupling 1900 may be the section of the.

tubular structure 118 where drilling point 300 is _ "coupled to - tubular structure 118 -: - An in-intermediate section of" - coupling 1902 can be located on any loop in the central coupling section1900 , The intermediate section, a. coupling 1902 can be coupled by the '304 rails. An external coupling section 1904 (or external part) can be located on both sides of the compensation of the tubular structure 118 from the central coupling section 1900.

The outer coupling sections 1904 can be coupled by rails 304 and / or scrapers 3132. "The contact surfaces of blades 150a, b can be defined by geometry. Blades 150a, b can be configured to pass selectively through the tubular structure 118 to reduce shear forces during the cutting process.

As shown in Figures 19A, 19C and 19D, rails 304 can come into contact with the intermediate and outer coupling sections 1902 and 1904.

In addition, the drilling point "300 can be positioned to couple the central coupling section 1900 before, during or after the rails 304 and / or scrapers 302 ery · contact the tubular structure 118. The"

perforation 300 can be positioned in relation to the scrapers 302 and the chute 304, so that the extending, coupling section 1904 can be coupled before, during or after the intermediate coupling sections 1902, 1904 'are coupled by the chutes.

As shown by Figures 19A and 19B, blades 150a, b can be located in a "position" to erytate in contact with__ various parts' of the tubular structure 118. The blade 150a of Figure 19A is positioned to be coupled to a central coupling section 1900. As shown in Figure 19B, the drilling point 300 can be exchanged or offset from the central part of the tubular frame (or the central coupling section 1900). The drilling point 300, the scrapers.

302 and slots 302 can be configured to go 'on.' contact with the desired parts of the tubular structure for.

reach the desired contact points and cut the tubular structure 118.

Figures 19C and 19D show the blade 150a being attached to the tubular structure 118 and displacing a part (or rupture) of the tubular structure in the central coupling section 1900. As shown in Figures 19A and 19B, the blade 150a has a drilling blade 300 However, it will be considered that the blade 150b can be coupled to the tubular structure and "perform the same function of drilling, widening) and cutting on one side opposite to the blade 150a to provide a cut on both sides of the tubular structure 118.

The drilling point 300 of the blade 150a can be used to drill the center section 'of coupling 1900. As shown, a block of material in section 1900 can be displaced from the pipeline. The blade 150 advances through the tubular structure 118 and is coupled in the intermediate coupling sections 1902 along the slits 304. The moment the slits 304 come in contact "" - with the - tubular structure -1-18, they widen through the ..

tubular structure 118 and remove materials from them. The blade 150a can continue to be advanced in the tubular structure 118 and being coined along the intermediate "and outer coupling sections 1902, 1904 to burge the tubular structure 118, or until the tubular structure 118 is separated.

Similar or different blades 150a and 150b can be used to couple the tubular structure 118 on opposite sides. The opposing blades 150a, b can completely cut a through tubular structure 118 during operation. The opposing blades 150a, b can optionally drill, widen and / or cut through a part of the tubular structure 118, and the rest can fall or detach on its own.- The tubular structure 118 can optionally be positioned under tension and / or torque during the process to facilitate cutting.

Although only certain sections are shown, it should be considered that each "section can be divided into smaller sections. In addition, any part of blades 150a and / or 150b can be configured to couple sections 1900, 1902 and / or 1904,

as desired. In some cases, since blades 150a and / or 150b can be attached to the tubular structure 118, the perforation point can pierce and / or remove a portion of the.

tubular structure 118 and scrapers 304 may extend the tubular structure 118 until the "tubular structure shears through the complete passage of the blades 150a, b through the tubular structure 118 or until the" tubular structure "falls and separates ".

In "operation, the drilling point 300 of the blades 150a and / or 150b can couple the initial coupling section 1900. The rails 204 of the blades 150a and / or 150b remove and / or displace the remaining parts of the initial coupling section 1900. The rails 304 of the blades 150a and / or 150b can then couple the secondary coupling sections 1902, or parts thereof, while the blades 150a and / or 150b continue in the cutting direction, the blades 150a and / or 150b can cut the outer coupling section 1904 of the tubular structure 118, · thus cutting the tubular structure 118. The blades 150a and / or 150b can be configurations to couple any of the sections of the present at different times, for example, the blades 150a and / or 150b can couple the secondary coupling section 1902 followed first by the initial coupling section 1900 and / or the final coupling section 1904.

Figures 20A-20D illustrate. , parts of the tubular structure 118 of Figure 19 containing a ', junction connection 2000 which was coupled and cut by the blades 150a and / or 150b, for example, of Figures 20G and 20H.

These figures illustrate various views of the tubular structure 118 cut into upper parts 118a and lower parts' 118b, as shown in Figure 2C. For descriptive purposes, Figures 20A and 20B show the lower and upper parts 118a, b together. Figures 20A and 20B separately show the lower and upper parts 118a, b, respectively. At .

Figures 2 OE and 20F illustrate the sections and other parts (or "ruptures" "" "removed" from the initial '' "coupling-" 1900 sections after being removed from the 2000 junction connection of Figures 20A-20D. Despite the initial coupling section. 1900 removed be shown as a part (or rupture) removed, it can have any suitable shape. For example, the section. coupling initial 1900 may be in several parts, may not be detachable from the junction connection, may be split in two parts, Êi) may be displaced, and the like. Figures 20G and 20H illustrate an example of the blade 150a and / or 150b used to cut the junction connection 2000.

Any of the blades 150 described herein may have been used to cut the junction connection 2000.

In cases where a tubular structure 118 is particularly thick, for example, with a thickness of 8, 5 "(21.59 cm) or more with a thick wall of more than 1" (2.54 cm), as a joint 'connection, the shear forces used for the blades. can be extremely high. By distributing the aQ forces along the blades using the configurations provided "- hereby, the drilling point 300 can be used to pierce the structure tubular 118 and remove a break, -

50/57.

such as an initial coupling section 1900, as illustrated in Figures 20E-20F. The cutting surfaces 306 may extend through the tubular structure 118 to remove parts of the tubular structure displaced by the blade and pass through the remainder of the tubular structure 118, such as the intermediate coupling section 1902 and / or the final coupling section 1904. In cases in which scrapers 302 "come into contact" "with the tubular structure -1-18, scrapers-302 can also be used to drill and / or drill through the final coupling section 1904 of the tubular structure 118 , as shown in Figures 20A-20D, the cutting surfaces 306 can be widened through the tubular structure 118 to remove parts of the tubular structure displaced by the blade and pass through the rest of the tubular structure 118, such as through the intermediate section of coupling 1902. and / or the final coupling section

1904. In cases where scrapers 302 come into contact with tubular structure 118, scrapers 302 can also be used to drill and / or widen through the final coupling section 1904 of tubular structure 118, as shown in Figures 20A-20D . 'Depending on the selected geometry (see, for example, the blade profiles in Figures 16A-J), the initial points of contact "' and / or perforation can be varied.

In Figures 20A-20D, joint connection 2000 is shown with its joint connection sections 2001 cut to illustrate the cutting mechanisms of the blade 150a and / or 150b used for. cut the connection "of junction 2000. The coupling part initial'l 1900 was coupled by the drilling point 300 and removed from the junction 2000 by blades 150a and / or 150b, as shown by an opening 2002 in the junction connection '2000 of.

5 Figures 20A-20B. The secondary coupling section 1902 was' partially displaced and / or removed by the slits 304 of the blades 150 "a and / or 150b, as seen by a" 203 "semicircular wedge removed from the 200O-í- junction connection of coupling 1904 is coupled by slits 304 and / or scrapers 302 and may have substantially less material removed from it, and may be a line cut 2005 by cutting or failure of the tubular structure 118.

Figure 21A illustrates the graph.

of force (F) versus time (t) 2100 for tubular structure 118 cut, for example, by blades 150a and / or 150 (as shown in Figure 1). A force (F) applied to the 'blades 150a and / or 150b can be shown on the' Y axis' of the graph, and a time (t) for cutting using blades 150a and / or 150b can be shown on the X axis of the graph. .

Graph 2100 shows that the force F on blades 150a and / or 150b increases as "time t progresses to the initial perforation (or removal and / or deformation) of the initial coupling section 1900 by blade 150a, as shown by initial punch point 2106.

After the initial punch point 2106 is broken (for example, when the initial coupling section 1900 is moved, as shown in Figure 19B), the force F on blades 150a and / or 150b can drop dramatically over time,.

until an opposite blade 150b is coupled to an opposite initial coupling section 1900. Once the opposite blade 150b has displaced the initial coupling section 1900, as shown in paragraph 2106, the second coupling section 1902 is coupled by each one of the blades 150a, b, "as shown by the secondary coupling points

2108. The force F increases with terilpo t as the blades - - --150a - and / or - -150b - can start to be widened (and / or. Cut, punctured, and / or sheared) through the secondary section coupling 1902 (for example, as shown in Figure 19C). The force F can then increase and decrease as time t progresses, as sections of the tubular structure 118 are removed and / or displaced by blades 150a and / or 150b, until the tubular structure 118 is cut, as shown cut points 2110.

Figure 21B illustrates a "graph of force versus time 2120 of several thin-walled tubular structures cut by a conventional shear blade (not shown) compared to the various thin-walled tubular structures cut by blades 150a and 150b in Figure 2. The blades conventional shear plots are represented by three conventional blade plots, 2111a-c shear plots, respectively, on the force versus time plot 2120. Blades 150a and / or 15'Ob are represented by three plot plots 2113d-f, respectively, on the force versus time graph 2120.

, 53/57 - The conventional shear blade cuts through the entire shear area of the "tubular" structure at once. As it can be, it is observed by the cuteness F required to cut the thin wall of the tubular structure using conventional shear blades. ,.

, the force applied to the blades can increase continuously with time while the conventional shear blade "shears the tubular structures" with thin networks. The strength - in conventional shear blades can rise until a peak strength of conventional blade 2112a-c, respectively, is reached and the tubular structures with thin walls are cut.

Blades 150a and / or 150b can pierce, widen, cut, shear, displace and / or remove sections of tubular structures independent of each other. As can be seen, the force required to cut thin-walled tubular structures with blades 150a and / or 150b, the force of blades 150a and / or "150 can increase and decrease until a peak force of blade 2114d-f is reached and the tubular structure is cut. Therefore, the force required to cut tubular structure 118 with the conventional shear blade can be much greater than the force 'F required to cut tubular structure 118 with blades 150a and / or 150b. In addition, conventional shear blades may not be able to shear structures.

tubular with thick walls and / or junction connections

2000.

· ·.

Figures 22A and 22B illustrate methods 220Oa and 220Ob of cutting a tubular structure. The 220Oa method involves positioning a BOP 2280 around the tubular structure of the borehole (the BOP containing 5 "a plurality of slide-plungers.

2282 to each of the plungers with a blade, drilling a hole in the tubular structure 2284 by running a "tip of the blade drilling point and extending .2286- through the tubular structure perforated with the cutting surface of the blade.

The 220Ob method involves positioning a 2281 BOP around the tubular structure of the well bore, the BOP containing a plurality of pistons positioned by slip (the safety system against overflows containing a plurality of opposed pistons positioned by slip and a plurality of blades carried by the plurality of opposing pistons to couple the tubular structure), perforating 2283 the tubular structure with a perforation point of at least one of the blades, so that a part of the tubular structure is displaced from it, and widening 2285 through the tubular structure with a cutting surface of at least one of the blades for displacing material from the tubular structure.

The widening of any method can be carried out using the "cutting surfaces" and / or scrapers. The cutting surfaces can also be used to drill a hole in the tubular structure. The steps of any of the methods can be '

used together, repeated and / or performed in any order.

It will be considered by those with skill in the technique that the techniques disclosed "s. Na, present can be implemented for automated / autonomous applications by means of software configured with. Algorithms to carry out the desired functions. These aspects can be implemented by programming a or more computers suitable for general purposes containing appropriate hardware Programming must be done using one or more devices for storing programs that can be read by the processor (s) and by coding one or more programs instructions executable by the computer to carry out the operations described in the present.The device for storing programs can take the form of, for example, one or more diskettes; a CD-ROM or other optical disk; a chip read-only memory (ROM), and other forms of a type well known in the art or subsequently developed. The instruction program can be "code" object ", that is, in" a binary form that can be executed more or less directly by the computer; in the "source code" that requires compilation or interpretation before execution; or in some intermediary form as partly compiled code.

The precise shapes of the device for storage. of the program and the encoding of the instructions are immaterial.

. Aspects of the invention can also be configured to perform the functions described (through the hardware / software

.

56/57 appropriate) only on site and / or remotely controlled via an eStendida communication network (for example, wireless, internet, satellite, etc.).

While the applications are described with reference to various implementations e.

explorations, it will be understood that these applications are illustrative and that the scope of the subject of the invention is not limited "to them". Many variations, modifications, - additions and improvements are possible. For example, any of the blades shown herein can be used in combination with other blades shown, and / or conventional blades. In addition, any of the blades can have replaceable tips 400. The drilling point 300 can extend beyond the cutting surfaces of the blade, or have slits in the back. Drill points 300 can be rented or with points, Slots can be rounded, square or in other shapes.

Plural instances can be provided for components, operations or structures "described herein as an instance. In general, structures and features presented as separate components in exemplary configurations can be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly , the structures and functionalities presented as a single component can be implemented as separate components, these and other variations, modifications, additions and improvements may fall within the scope of the subject of the invention.

57/57 ·

Figures Legend

Figure 22A

A) Method of cutting a tubular structure

B) Positioning of a bop around the wellhead tubular structure (the bop containing a plurality of pistons positioned by sliding)

C) Supplying each plunger with a blade

D) Advance of the plurality of pistons so that the drilling point drills a hole in the tubular structure "

E) Advance of the plurality of pistons so that the cutting surface is extended along at least a part of the tubular structure

Figure 22B

F) Method of cutting a tubular structure

G) Positioning a bop around a structure

, tubular, the bop containing one. plurality of ', pistons positioned by sliding and a plurality' of blades carried by the plurality of opposing pistons for admission of the tubular structure

H) Perforation of the tubular structure with a point of,

drilling at least one of the plurality of blades so that a part of the tubular structure is displaced from this

I) Widening along the tubular stripe with a cutting surface of at least one of the blades of the plurality of blades

Claims (12)

. CLAIMS 1. "CUTTING SYSTEM OF A TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE", which deals with a method of cutting a tubular structure (108) from one. wellhead (116), the wellhead penetrating an underground formation, the method comprising: the positioning of the tubular structure through an overflow safety system (108), the "safety" system - against bursts containing a plurality of pistons (24, 26) positioned by sliding and a plurality of blades (150a, b) transported by the plurality of pistons for admission to the tubular structure; characterized by the fact that it still comprises: the perforation (2283)% tubular structure with a perforation point (300) of at least one 'of a plurality of the blades, such that a part of the tubular structure is displaced; and widening (2285) through the tubular structure with a cutting surface (306) of at least one of the pluralities of the blades. 2. "CUTTING SYSTEM OF A TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE", according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the method also includes the continuation of. advance of the plurality of pistons until the tubular structure is cut. 3. "CUTTING SYSTEM OF A 'TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE", according to claims 1 or 2, being the. method characterized by the fact that in the widening step, the cutting surface is advanced until the tubular structure is broken. " 4. "CUTTING SYSTEM OF A TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE", according to claims 1, 2 or 3, the method being characterized by the fact that in the drilling stage, the point of drilling pierces a central intake part (1900) of the tubular structure. 5. "CUTTING SYSTEM OF A" TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS-USE METHOD ", according to claims 1, 2 or 3, following the method characterized by the fact that in the step of. an intermediate intake part '(1902) of the tubular structure. 6. "CUTTING SYSTEM 'OF A' TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE", in accordance with 'claims 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, oµ 5, q being characterized by the fact that in the widening, the 'cutting surface passes through an intermediate - inlet (1904) part of the tubular structure. 7. "CUTTING SYSTEM OF A TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE", according to claims 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6, characterized by the fact that in the enlargement stage, the cutting surface passes through an external intake part of the tubular structure. " 8. "CUTTING SYSTEM OF A TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE", according to claims 1, or 2, or 3i or 4, or 5, òu 6, or 7, characterized by the fact that the plurality of blades . . 3/4 further comprises a pair of scrapers (302), the method further comprising the act of passing at least one pair, of scrapers through at least a part of the tubular structure. 9. "CUTTING SYSTEM, ONE. TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE ", according to 'with'. Claim 8, characterized by the fact that in the step of" "pasS" act "," at least one of the pairs of scrapers pass through an external part admission of the tubular structure. 10. "CUTTING SYSTEM OF A TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE", according to claims 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6, or 7, or 8 ,. or 9, characterized by the fact that the plurality of blades comprises an upper blade (150a) and a blade. bottom (150b), the method further comprising the act of 'passing the upper blade through the tubular structure above the lower blade. 11. "CUTTING SYSTEM OF .A 'TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF" USE ", providing the method according to claims 1, or 2, or 3, OLÍ 4, or 5, or 6, or 7, or 8 , or 9, or 10, characterized by the fact that each of the plurality of blades comprises: a blade body (307) with a front face on one of its sides, sides facing the tubular structure, the body the blade comprising: the cutting surface along at least part of the front face, and the perforation point along. from the front face, the perfection point containing a tip —— - .. (314) extending a distance beyond the cutting surface. 12. "CUTTING SYSTEM OF A TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS METHOD OF USE", providing for the method according to the claims 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6, or 7, or 8, or 9, or 10, or 11, characterized by the fact that it still comprises: to cut one and the advancement of the plurality of lamina "ina" s through the tubular structure by piercing the tubular structure with the perforation point of at least one of the plurality of blades, so that a part of the tubular structure is displaced from it, and widening by means of the tubular structure with the cutting surface of at least one plurality of blades until the tubular structure is broken.