BG64657B1 - String and bow musical instrument "marianelli" - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a new string-and-bow musical instrument of the family of the string musical instruments, designed for all genres of music. It offers big sound and technical opportunities, determined by the six strings (10), tuned at five pure fifth and a pure fourth. The instrument has the facility of playing in the range from the C tone of small octave to A tone of fifth octave. It comprises a hollow body (1) with an upper cover (16), continuing in a neck with a fingerboard (7), ending by an asymmetric head (8). Body (1) has pear-shaped form, longitudinally cut and narrowed in the middle by means of smooth oval transitions. On the upper cover (16) of body (1) resonator apertures - f-holes (17), between which strings (10) are found, fitted at one of their ends to the tailpiece (13) by means of fixing mechanisms (12), and at their other end to metal pegs (9). The strings are six in number and are mounted over a bridge (14) having arc-like upper surface. The tailpiece is made of metal and is fitted to the chin rest (2) by means of a luster clamps (4). Over head (8) restriction plates (11) are fitted, which guide the strings (10) to the string slits of the upper rest (22). In the electron embodiments of the instrument, a piezocrystal plate (15), is fitted between the upper cover (16) and the bridge (14). A potentiometer (18) is fitted over the cover (16). In the rear part of body (1) a female jack (2) is mounted for connection to an amplifier and to different musical effects.

Description

The invention relates to marianelli, which is a string-bow musical instrument of the string-bow / strike / musical instruments family and is intended for performing folk, classical, fun and dance music, etc. genres of music that require a striking instrument.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is a well-known Bulgarian folk musical instrument called gadulka. It belongs to the family of string and bow instruments. It consists of a hollow body, strings, strings, keys, the body extending into the neck and head, which is usually in the form of a leaf, heart or other symmetrical shape. Also included is a bow consisting of a stick, a frog and a hair.

The body is pear-shaped, obtained by carving solid wood and is closed by a lid on which are resonated oval-shaped resonator openings. At the bottom, the body ends with an outwardly protruding element called the navel of the instrument. The neck is used to hold the tool and the head on which are placed wooden keys (chips) for tensioning the strings. The keys have a conical shape, each ending with a fin. For tuning the strings, a specially made custom key is required. The strings are wrapped around the bangs and pass on a stool called the donkey, with the lower part being fixed directly to the string and less often to the strings. The stringer is raised from the lower sill, located at the bottom of the tool, and is stretched by means of a wire for the button of the tool. Today's stringed musical instruments have a sill, which is missing from the gander. Modern strings are made of steel wire of a certain thickness, being basic - most tuned as follows: al - first octave; is the 1st of the first octave; small and runner tunes, which can be adjusted to different halftones of the musical range, and can be up to 10 in professional instruments. The strings are staggered, using the fingernail and the cushion of the left hand when playing the second and third strings, and partly when playing the first string. It uses a combined fingernail cushion and a cushion to produce the SI sound from the first octave, and only the nail is used for the tones above the SI. According to the method of sound extraction, a typical semi-flute shape is observed at the gadfly, unlike the violin, where the strings are pressed directly on the fingerboard. With some instruments under the first string, a quasi-finger, similar to a small fingerboard, is placed on the neck to lift the fingers and create greater convenience for the performer. In music, a bow is used to cause the strings to vibrate, which is transmitted to the stool on which the strings are arranged. The oscillation of the donkey is transmitted to an element called the hearth, located in the body, below the donkey, which transmits the oscillation to the entire body of the instrument.

When playing, the instrument is placed on a thin belt that runs over the performer's shoulder. The bow is held with the right hand so that the thumb with its first joint serves to hold the hair, and the rest of the fingers pass from above the bow of the bow as it slides along the first, second and third joints of the index finger. Additionally, the tips of the middle and ring fingers slightly increase the bow's hold against the strings.

The gadulka has a small tonal volume, which prevents the performance of more technically complex musical works. Because there is an airy arrangement of the strings, sound extraction is extremely difficult, coupled with the semi-flute playing style. Adjusting the tool is more difficult as it takes extremely great effort to adjust the thick strings. For the needs of some compositions, other varieties of string grips and different tassers have been created, such as: alto, tenor, and soprano, in which the playing style is identical to that of modern string-bow instruments, but they have very little application in practice because of the preservation the old - already known form.

A string-bow musical instrument known as a violin is known, which consists of a hollow body, strings, a string, a neck, a head. A snail-shaped key is attached to the head to tighten the strings. There is a chin and a pillow for playing the violin. Also included is a bow consisting of a stick, a frog and a hair.

The body has a very specific shape and size. It is made of individual elements that are glued together by a certain technology. There is an upper that is resonator, and a lower lid, a board- upper and lower, and a lateral periphery, called the circumference. There are two symmetrically shaped resonator openings on the resonator cover (resonator board) of the body, between which a chair called the donkey of the instrument is located perpendicular to the resonator cover. Four strings are arranged on it, which are tuned to quintiles as follows: e- MI of the first octave, and LA of the first octave, d - PE of the first octave, g - of a small octave.

The strings at the lower end are secured by fixed machines to the strings, and at the upper end to the four keys located on the head. The strut is attached to a support called a donkey and is stretched by a wire for a support element called a knob located at the bottom of the tool. The knob is turned and pre-filled into a special hole in the body. The wire is curved and the bend assembly is located in a pre-prepared recess which is dug into the string. For the sake of sound and soft playing, the strings are made of thin steel wire, silk thread and an aluminum sheath. For convenience of playing, a bar is attached below the strings, glued to the neck of the instrument. Beneath the upper lid of the instrument, in the area of the La string, is an element called a windshield, which is used to transmit the sound vibrations from the donkey to the hull.

The neck and head of the violin are made at the same time. On the upper part of the neck there is an upper sill, and at the lower part of the upper lid of the body there is a lower sill, which has the function of holding the string in the air so that it does not touch the upper lid.

The playing is performed with a bow that supports the strings continuously, and the sound is performed by pressing the strings with the pillow of the fingers of the left hand. When playing, the violin is held between the collarbone and the beard, pressed by the chin to the chin for stability. The required plane for playing the instrument is achieved by means of a cushion mounted to the periphery of the instrument and located under the lower lid.

Although this instrument is of the highest class of striking instruments, it is impossible for it to play violet parties and to play a pure quart of SAL from a small octave down. To play tones higher than the SI, a second octave needs to be played in positions, which makes it difficult for performers.

Viola also belongs to the violin family. It is a four-string bow instrument. It has the same device and method of sound output, respectively, and holding as the violin, but differs from it by its larger size. The tuning is also done in quintiles, starting from LA - the first octave and reaching DO - a small octave.

With this instrument, it is impossible to play high tones that sound clean and play fast.

Technical nature

The object of the invention is to create a new string-bow musical instrument with greater technical and sound capabilities, offering a new structure and expanding the tonal volume of the famous Bulgarian folk instrument, combining the tonal volumes of violin, viola and string in one, timbre and sound, ranging from a volume of DO to a small octave and reaching MI to a third octave, without the need to play positions.

The task is solved by the creation of a new string-bow musical instrument called marianelli, which consists of a bow and a body, closed with a lid, strings, a neck ending with a head, on which are attached keys for tensioning the strings.

The body is pear-shaped, longitudinally cut and narrowed in the middle by smooth oval transitions. The basic elements - body, neck and head are made simultaneously, while between the body and neck, respectively between the neck and head, certain angles are preserved, which are necessary for the convenience of playing. The back surface of the body is rounded and at the bottom it is thickened and ends with a support element called the navel. The strings are secured to the string, which is raised by a lower sill, located at the bottom of the tool, and is stretched by means of a wire for the tool's bud, which is part of the body.

In the rounded bed of the bud is placed a metal connection from the chandelier terminal, which serves to lock the wire in a fixed position. The wire is positioned above the lower sill, with the help of which the string is raised so that it is away from the body cover. A metal pin is attached to the navel, with which the tool can be secured to the belt of the contractor.

The upper body moves smoothly into the cervix, which is conical in shape and ends with a head. On the head, which is asymmetrical, there are restriction plates which guide the strings to the string slits of the upper sill and adjusting wrenches which are worms used to tighten the strings and are six in number. The adjusting keys are located at the two ends of the asymmetrical head, with three left and three right. At the lower end, the strings are fixed to the strings by a fixed machine. An element called the donkey is movably mounted on the body cover, which serves to support the strings, and a piezocrystalline plate is placed between the donkey and the lid, with electronic types. The surface of the donkey on which the strings lie is arcuate. Resonator F-shaped openings, called ephs, were cut on the lid, and a potentiometer was placed on the lid on the electronic variant. The efs are located on either side of the donkey. By means of a plate called an inlet under the hood, in the region of the first-octave LA string, the vibrations of the strings are transmitted to the body. The mattress is made of coniferous material and rests firmly on the back wall of the body and the lid of the tool. At the back of the body is a female jack for plugging into an amplifier and for various music effects. Below the strings is a bar for convenience in playing, starting with the upper sill. The fingerboard is additionally glued to the neck of the tool and its face is rounded.

The bow consists of a stick, a tightening screw, a frog and hair that can be of natural (horse) or artificial hair. The tightening screw aims to tighten the hair to the required level when playing.

An advantage of the invention is that the Marianelli instrument has great sound and technical capabilities caused by six strings tuned to five pure quintiles and one pure quartile, and the electronic signal transmitted by the instrument. Another advantage is the pear-shaped body, narrowed in the middle, which avoids rubbing the bow along the periphery of the instrument. The advantage is that underneath all the strings there is a bar for more stable sound output than the strings. A significant advantage is the ability to change the position of the instrument relative to the body of the performer (pitch, violin and guitar) during and before the playing, which results in a different color of sound output, due to the way the bow moves along the strings and the pressure of the string. fingers on the strings themselves. It is possible to play whole chords from string-bow instrument. It is necessary to note the extremely easy adjustment of the tool by means of special keys and fixed machines.

It enhances the ability to create new, more sophisticated pieces of music that seek new expressive musical form, sound and masterly technical reproduction. The new tool offers easy and fast learning as some of the knowledge of staging, sound production and pitch is already used in the pre-service training of contractors. The essence of the invention consists in a new arrangement, a new arrangement of the six main strings, so that when playing the music as quickly as possible, it is convenient to reproduce the most complex musical phrases and satisfy the need for new instruments in music.

Playing positions on this instrument makes it possible to play an LA tone on the fifth octave, thus widening the range of the instrument.

Description of the attached figures

The invention is illustrated by the exemplary embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, of which:

Figure 1 is a top view of the body of the instrument.

Figure 2 - Side view of the bow.

Figure 3 is a side section of the body of the instrument.

Examples of specific implementation

The string-bow Marianel musical instrument shown in the accompanying figures consists of a hollow body 1 and a bow 23, the body 1 being closed with a lid 16. At the upper end, the body 1 and the lid 16 pass to the neck 7, which ends is Chapter 8. elements - body 1, neck 7 and head 8 are made of solid wood at the same time, while between the body 1 and the neck 7, respectively between the neck 7 and chapter 8, certain angles are preserved, which are necessary for convenience of playing. The back surface of the body 1 is rounded, and at the bottom ends with a protruding support element, a pawl 2. On the cover 16 of the body 1 are cut resonator F-shaped openings called ephos 17, between which are placed strings 10, fixed in one its end to the string 13 by means of locking machines 12 and in the other to metal keys 9. The strings 10 are mounted at a certain distance from each other on an element called a donkey 14, with an arched upper surface. The strut 13 is metal and is raised from a lower sill 6 located at the bottom of the tool and is tensioned by a wire 3 for the bud 2.

The body 1 is carved of solid wood and is pear-shaped, longitudinally cut and narrowed in the middle by smooth oval transitions, as shown in FIG. 1.

The pawl 2 has a rounded bed in which a chandelier terminal 4 is used to lock the calf 3 into a fixed position. The wire 3 passes over the lower sill 6, by which the strut 13 is raised above the level of the upper cover 16, setpoint. The strap 2 is secured by a metal pin 5, by means of which the tool is secured to the belt of the contractor.

In the upper part, the body 1 and the upper lid 16 extend smoothly into the neck 7, ending in an asymmetrical head 8. On the head 8, restraining plates 11 are placed, which guide the strings 10 to the string slits of the upper sill 22.

In one of the electronic embodiments, a piezocrystalline plate 15 located between the lid 16 and the donkey 14. A potentiometer 18 is mounted below the donkey 14 to support the strings. A potentiometer 18 is placed on the lid 16. jack 20 for plugging in to an amplifier and for various music effects.

Under the cover 16, in the area of the first-octave LA string, in the volume of the hollow body 1 is placed an element called a choke 19, which serves to transmit the vibrations of the strings 10 of the body body 1. The choke 19 is made of coniferous material and rests tightly. in the back wall of the hollow body 1 / FIG. 2 / and tool cover 16.

For convenience of playing, there is a bar 21 below the strings, at the upper end of which there is an upper crest 22. The bar 21 is fixed to the neck 7 and its face is rounded.

The bow 23 consists of a rod 27, a hair 26, and a glove 24, tightening a screw 25 of the glove which is higher than the bulb. Hair 26 can be natural - horsehair or artificial. The tightening screw 25 is intended to tighten and loosen the hairs 26 to the required level when playing so as not to distort the bow 27 of the bow 23.

Application of the invention

Before starting a particular implementation, the tool must be pre-configured, which is as follows. First String - La from Second Octave, Second String - Mi from Second Octave, Third String - La from First Octave, Fourth String - Pe from First Octave, Fifth String - Little Octave Salt, Sixth String - Little Octave Salt. String counting starts consecutively from the thinnest.

When the tool is rotated, it is strapped to the strap, as is the swivel, and the whole armpit holding position 23 is maintained with the right hand. The play of the left-hand play has been partially modified to accommodate the new design of the instrument, while maintaining the basic sound positions characteristic of the second and third string playing at the swing.

The violin position of the instrument preserves the basic knowledge and sound production acquired during the violin training process.

As the bow 23 moves on the strings 10, the oscillations of the strings 10 are transmitted to the body 1 by means of an ass 14. It transmits the vibrations to the upper lid 16 and then to the stranger 19 located below the upper lid 16 in the area of the LA octave of the first octave and it rests tightly on the back wall of the hollow body shown in FIG. 2.

Claims (3)

1. A string-bow musical instrument called marianelli, consisting of a bow and a hollow body, having a pear-shaped shape, cut longitudinally, with the upper end of the body going into a neck with a neck and a head to which adjusting keys are fastened, the body being closed with a lid having two resonator openings, between which is placed a donkey, on which strings are stretched over the lid, the fingerboard and the head, the strings being wound at one end to keys and fixed at the other end by means of fixed machines to a string, stretched by means of wire for po A bee constituting a part of the body, and under the lid, in the cavity of the body, is placed an element called a hearth, characterized in that the hollow body (1) is narrowed bilaterally in the middle by smooth oval transitions, such as resonator openings (17) are F-shaped, and the head (8) has an asymmetrical shape, rounded at the top, with three left and three right adjusting worms (9) attached to the head (8), with the strings (10) being six number and are fixed to the head (8) by restraint plates (11) and the string (13) is secured to the navel (2) a luster terminal (4), the upper surface of the donkey (14) being convexly arched and the upper surface of the fingerboard (7) rounded. A string-marianel musical instrument according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that a piezocrystalline plate (15) is located under the donkey (14), located between the lid (16) and the donkey (14) and on the lid (16) a potentiometer (18) is mounted and a female jack (20) is mounted in the back of the body (1) for inclusion in an amplifier and for various musical effects. The string-bow Marianel musical instrument according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the strings (10) are set to four pure quintiles and one pure quartile, as follows, LA - second octave, MI - second octave , LA - from the first octave, PE - from the first octave, SAL - from the small octave, TO - from the small octave, forming a new, characteristic for the instrument system.