BE1030695B1 - Method and device for determining the wear condition of a large rolling bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for determining a wear condition of a large roller bearing, wherein the large roller bearing has an inner ring, an outer ring and a gap between the inner ring and the outer ring and is arranged in an overall device, with changes in the gap between the two being measured by means of at least one sensor as part of the method Inner ring and outer ring of the slewing bearing are measured, taking into account the measured gap changes, a state of wear of the slewing bearing is determined at a given measurement time. According to the invention, it is provided that measured condition measurements Zi are compared with reference measurement values Ri, the influence of a wear-independent deformation of the slewing bearing being eliminated by classifying the condition measurements Zi and the reference measurement values Ri into classes Ki. Essentially one and the same stress situation exists in each class Ki. According to the invention, for each class Ki, the averaged state measured values Zi are compared with the averaged reference measured values Ri of the same class Ki by forming the difference.

Description

'BE2022/5557

Title: Method and device for determining the state of wear of a

slewing bearing

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a process is known from European patent EP 3 507 513 B1. In the known method, two non-contact measuring sensors are used.

The sensors are preferably arranged in a fixed (i.e. non-rotating) first bearing ring. Both sensors have a sensor surface. One of the sensors (referred to as “second sensor” in EP 3 507 513 B1) measures the distance between its sensor surface and a reference surface that is formed on the second bearing ring. The other sensor (referred to as “first sensor” in EP 3 507 513 B1) is arranged opposite a step-shaped reference edge and is used for

Measuring a degree of coverage of its sensor surface with the reference edge is provided.

In the method according to EP 3 507 513 B1, during operation of the bearing, in particular during rotation of the second bearing ring relative to the first bearing ring, the degree of overlap of its sensor surface with the reference edge is measured with the first sensor and with the second The distance between the sensor surface and the reference surface is measured.

The problem with this known method is that the changes in the distance or the degree of coverage measured with the sensors are caused by several influencing factors that are superimposed on one another. The measured changes are partly caused by the elastic deformation of the bearing rings, which is caused by the operational loads (forces, bending moments) present at the time of measurement. To a different extent, the measured changes are caused by wear on the slewing bearing. It is not easily possible to separate the part attributable to the load-induced deformation of the bearing rings from the part caused by wear.

In EP 3 507 513 B1, in particular in claim 8 and in paragraphs

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[0022] and [0023] Measures indicate how the wear of the bearing can be distinguished from a load-induced deformation of the bearing rings. However, these measures involve considerable effort, and the proposed

Filtering the measurement data does not provide a clear distinction between wear and load-induced deformation of the bearing rings.

The object of the invention is, starting from what is known from EP 3 507 513 B1

Wear monitoring method an improved method for determining the

State of wear of a large slewing bearing. The object of the invention is also to provide a device for carrying out the method.

This task is solved with regard to the procedure by a procedure with the

Features of the patent claim 1. Advantageous developments of the method result from the independent claims that relate directly or indirectly to the independent method claim, the following description and the drawings.

With regard to the device, the task is solved by a device with the

Features of patent claim 5. Advantageous developments of the device result from the independent claims that directly or indirectly relate back to the independent device claim, the following description and the drawings.

The method according to the invention is used to determine the wear condition of a large roller bearing, the large roller bearing having an inner ring, an outer ring and a gap between the inner ring and the outer ring. The large rolling bearing is arranged in an overall device. For example, the slewing bearing is a slewing bearing of a crane, and the crane boom and one along the

Crane boom movable trolley with a suspension device for the crane to be lifted

The crane carrying the load is the entire device. Within the scope of the invention

The method uses at least one sensor to measure changes in the gap between

Inner ring and outer ring of the large roller bearing are measured, taking into account the measured gap changes, a wear condition of the large roller bearing is determined at a given measurement time.

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The method according to the invention comprises the following process steps:

V1) Carrying out reference measurements over a reference period, with reference measurement values (Ri) being measured with the sensors within the reference period, each reference measurement value (Ri) being determined by a combination of several operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) of the overall device is, wherein the combination of the operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) belonging to each reference measurement value (Ri) is recorded, and wherein the reference measurement values (Ri) together with the associated combination of operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) as Reference data sets are saved;

V2) Carrying out condition measurements over a measurement period, with condition measurement values (Zi) being measured with the sensors within the measurement period, each condition measurement value (Zi) being determined by a combination of the operating parameters (P1,

P2, P3) of the overall device is determined, the combination of the operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) belonging to each status measurement value (Zi) being recorded, and wherein the

State measured values (Zi) are stored together with the associated combination of operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) as state data sets;

V3) Defining a classification of the recorded values of each operating parameter (P1, P2,

P3) into discrete value intervals (IP1, IP2, IP3), so that each combination of value intervals (IP 1, IP2, IP3) forms a class (Ki);

V4) Evaluate the reference data sets and the status data sets using a

Evaluation algorithm, whereby the reference measured values (Ri) and the state measured values (Zi) are assigned specific classes (Ki), with an average of the reference measured values (MRi) and an average of the state measured values (MZi) being formed for each class (Ki), where For each class (Ki), the difference between the mean value of the state measured values (MZi) and the mean value of the reference measured values (MRi) is formed, so that mean values (MZi, MRi) of the same classes (Ki) are compared with one another, with the results of the mean value comparison in each class (Ki) are stored in a comparison data record (DV), and the wear condition of the slewing bearing results directly from the mean value comparisons in each class (Ki). zo Method step V1) is preferably carried out on a new bearing that does not yet show any wear. As part of method step V1), reference measurement values (Ri) are measured with the sensors over a reference period.

Each reference measurement value (Ri) is determined by a combination of several operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) of the overall device. Is the large rolling bearing e.g

Rotary bearing of a crane is formed, the overall device can have a crane boom and a trolley that can be moved along the crane boom with a suspension device for the load to be lifted. In this case, each measured reference measurement value is determined by the operating parameters P1, P2 and P3 of the overall device. In this example case mentioned above means

P1: “Radius [m]”, i.e. the position of the trolley with the suspension device along the crane boom, measured as the distance from a rotation axis of the pivot bearing (e.g. given in the unit meters),

P2: “Load [t]”, i.e. the load hanging on the trailer hitch (e.g. stated in the

Unit tons), and

P3: "Circumferential position [°]", i.e. the relative rotational position between the fixed and rotating bearing ring at which the reference measurement value (Ri) is measured.

The greater the distance of the trolley with the suspension device from the axis of rotation of the pivot bearing P1, the larger the lever arm with which the load hanging on the suspension exerts bending moments on the bearing rings of the pivot bearing and the greater the measured gap expansion warehouse. The greater the load hanging on the suspension device, the greater the bending moments acting on the bearing rings of the pivot bearing for a given radius and the greater the measured gap expansion of the bearing. And finally, the relative rotational position between the fixed and the rotatable one plays a role in the size of the measured reference value (Ri).

Bearing ring of the pivot bearing the change in the gap between the bearing rings is measured for a given load and a given radius. Each reference measurement value (Ri) is therefore dependent on a specific combination of the operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) of the overall device.

As part of method step V1), the combination of operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) associated with each reference measurement value (Ri) is recorded and the reference measurement values (Ri) are recorded together with the associated combination of operating parameters

> BE2022/5557 (P1, P2, P3) saved as reference data sets. The reference data sets can be in

Files can be stored, or they can be stored in one or more databases, in a data cloud or another storage medium and location.

Method step V2) is carried out during operation of the large rolling bearing in the entire device at a time when the bearing already has a certain level

Operating life has been reached and a certain amount of wear has occurred. As part of the

In method step V2), condition measurements are carried out over a measurement period, with condition measurements (Zi) being measured with the sensors within the measurement period, each condition measurement value (Zi) being determined by a combination of the operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) of the overall device .

The above regarding the dependence of the reference measured values (Ri) on the

What has been said about operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) also applies analogously to the status measurement values (Zi). Each condition measurement value (Zi) is measured for a specific combination of the ı5 operating parameters (P1, P2, P3).

According to the invention, we use the combination of the corresponding to each status measurement value (Zi).

Operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) are recorded, and the status measurements (Zi) are recorded together with the associated combination of operating parameters (P1, P2, P3).

Status data records are saved. The state records can be stored in files, or they can be stored in one or more databases, in a data cloud or another storage medium and location.

According to the invention, in method step V3), a division of the recorded values of each operating parameter (P1, P2, P3) into discrete value intervals (IP1, IP2, IP3) is determined. For example, the above example of the pivot bearing for one

The operating parameters described in the crane (P1, P2, P3) are divided into value intervals (IP 1,

IP2, IP3) can be divided into:

P1: Subdivision of the radius from 0 m to a maximum of 50 m (with a maximum length of the

crane boom of 50 m) in 50 intervals of 1 m each (resolution 1m);

P2: Division of the suspended load from 0 t to a maximum of 200 t (with a permissible maximum load of 200 t) into 100 intervals of 2 t each (resolution 2t);

P3: Division of the circumference of the pivot bearing from 0° to 360° into 80 intervals of 4.5° each (resolution 4.5°).

This division creates every possible combination of value intervals (IP1, IP2,

IP3) a class (Ki), so that a total of 50 x 100 x 80 = 400,000 different classes (Ki) are defined. Each specific class is characterized by a specific combination of value intervals (IP1, IP2, IP3). A specific class is characterized, for example, by the fact that the radius in the first interval is 0 - 1 m (P1), while the load in the last interval is 198 - 200 t (P2) and the measurement is determined by the relative twist angle 0° defined rotational position of the pivot bearing (P3).

Another specific class is characterized, for example, by a combination of parameters in which the radius in the last interval is 49 - 50 m (P1), while the load is in the first

Interval 0 - 2 t is (P2) and the measurement is carried out at the rotation position of the pivot bearing (P3) defined by the relative rotation angle of 180°. In this way, a total of 400,000 classes (Ki) can be formed, with each class (Ki) being assigned exactly one specific combination of the value intervals (IP1, IP2, IP3).

The method step V3) according to the invention now makes it possible for each data set

Reference data sets and every data set of the status data sets that contains a specific measured value (Ri or Zi) and a specific combination of operating parameters (P1,

P2, P3) involves assigning a specific class (Ki). Afterwards everyone can

Class (Ki) a mean value (MRi or MZi) is calculated for the reference measured values (Ri) and the state measured values (Zi), so that each class (Ki) has exactly one mean value

MRi and exactly one mean MZi is assigned. This makes it possible according to the invention to compare the status measurement values with the reference measurement values for the same class (Ki) by forming the difference (MZi - MR). Because through this comparison the

If state measured values and the reference measured values of the same class (Ki), i.e. for the same combination of operating parameters (P1, P2, P3), are compared with one another, the operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) no longer have any influence on the values created by difference formation Gap change determined for a specific class (Ki).

In this way, according to the invention, only the gap change caused by the wear of the rolling bearing is directly determined by forming the difference (MZi - MR).

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Therefore, according to the invention, in method step V4), the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi) are evaluated with the help of an evaluation algorithm, with the reference measurement values (Ri) and the status measurement values (Zi) being assigned specific classes (Ki), whereby for each class (Ki) is an average of the

Reference measurement values (MRi) and an average value of the condition measurement values (MZi) are formed, with the difference between the average value of the condition measurement values (MZi) and the average value of the reference measurement values (MRi) being formed for each class (Ki), so that average values (MZi, MRi) of the same classes (Ki) are compared with each other, with the results of the mean comparison in each class (Ki) being saved in a comparison file (DV), and the mean comparisons in each class (Ki) resulting in wear of the Large rolling bearing results directly.

In the simplest embodiment of the method according to the invention, the mean values of the reference measured values (MRi) and the state measured values (MZi) can be, for example, arithmetic mean values. However, the average values can also be formed in other ways, for example using Gaussian normal distributions or others

Way.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one sensor for measuring the change in the gap is designed as a non-contact measuring sensor, in particular as an inductive distance sensor.

The method according to the invention already works with just a single sensor.

In order to be able to determine the wear condition of the slewing bearing as precisely as possible, it is advantageous if several sensors are arranged distributed over the circumference of the slewing bearing.

In principle, the method according to the invention works if the single sensor or the several sensors arranged distributed over the circumference of the large rolling bearing exclusively measure the gap changes that occur in the radial direction. The wear determination becomes even more precise if, in addition to the gap changes in the radial direction, the gap changes in the axial direction are also measured and taken into account.

© BE2022/5557

For example, the sensors can be designed and arranged as described in German patent application DE 10 2016 116 113 A1. This means it can be provided that one of the sensors measures a gap change in the radial direction, and a second sensor measures a gap change in the axial direction. The

Changes in the gap in the axial direction can also be referred to as a change in the overlap of the bearing rings in the axial direction. According to DE 10 2016 116 113 A1, a first and a second sensor are provided. The first sensor and the second sensor are non-contact measuring sensors, with the first sensor and the second sensor each having a sensor surface. The first sensor is arranged opposite an at least partially circumferential reference edge, the second

Sensor is arranged opposite a reference surface. The first sensor is for

Measurement of the degree of coverage of the sensor surface with the reference edge is provided. The second sensor is for measuring a, in particular radial, distance

Sensor surface provided for the reference surface.

The first sensor and/or the second sensor can be a capacitively measuring sensor, an inductively measuring sensor, an ultrasonic sensor and/or an eddy current sensor.

The method according to the invention can be used not only for pivot bearings of slewing cranes in the manner described above. Other large rolling bearings in other overall devices can also be monitored with regard to their state of wear using the method according to the invention.

For example, the slewing bearing can be a pivot bearing installed in an excavator. The excavator then forms the overall device. The excavator can, for example, do various things

Have hydraulic cylinders. In this case, different pressures in the hydraulic cylinders and different positions (e.g. different positions of the piston in the respective hydraulic cylinders) can be used as operating parameters within the scope of the method according to the invention.

Another example of a large rolling bearing, the state of wear of which can be determined and monitored using the method according to the invention, is a bearing for the rotatable mounting of a drill head of a tunnel boring machine. In this case, for example, the contact pressure can be used as an operating parameter. It can also be done via the

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The circumference of the drill head distributes several contact pressures at certain points as operating parameters. The contact pressures measured at different points at the same time of operation can be of different magnitudes.

Another example of a large rolling bearing, the state of wear of which can be determined and monitored using the method according to the invention, is a bearing for a

Offshore oil transfer station with which offshore oil is transferred to one or more ships at sea. In this case, for example, the wind direction and the load generated by the wind can be used as operating parameters within the scope of the invention.

Ben procedure can be used.

Another example of a large rolling bearing, the state of wear of which can be determined and monitored using the method according to the invention, is a bearing for a

Wind turbine (e.g. a blade bearing for pivoting the rotor blades on the

Hub or a main bearing for rotatably supporting the generator shaft of the wind turbine). In this case, for example, the speed of the rotor hub, the axial load acting on the bearing and the tilting moment acting on the bearing can be used as operating parameters within the scope of the method according to the invention.

In all of the aforementioned cases, the measures characterizing the method according to the invention (determination of the classes, assignment of reference measured values on the one hand and of condition measured values on the other hand to the defined classes, formation of differences) can be carried out analogously to those described in detail above and below

Procedure for slewing cranes with boom and trolley.

In principle, the reference data sets (DR) and the status data sets (DZi) can be stored in files, databases, data clouds or in other storage media. It is essential that the data sets can be processed using the evaluation algorithm in such a way that method steps V3) and V4) can be carried out.

It is particularly advantageously provided that the method steps V3) and V4) are carried out by means of

Remote data processing (e.g. via the Internet) regardless of the location where the

Reference data sets (DRI) and the status data sets (DZi) are stored, can be carried out. This offers, for example, the possibility for the manufacturer of the large rolling bearing to carry out the process steps V3) and V4) from a location that is any distance away from the installation location of the large rolling bearing, the reference data sets (DR) and the status data sets (DZi).

to process and determine the wear condition of the slewing bearing. This means that a slewing bearing manufacturer can carry out wear measurement and monitoring as a service for the operator of the entire system (e.g. the operator of a...

slewing crane). This can be advantageous because the operator of the entire system often has little or no know-how with regard to what he is carrying out as part of the

Operation of the entire device has used slewing bearings. Through remote data processing, the manufacturer of the slewing bearing can monitor the wear condition and initiate maintenance, repair or replacement measures in a timely manner, so that the downtime of the entire device in which the slewing bearing is operated is minimized.

With regard to the device for carrying out the method according to the invention, it is provided that it comprises a rotating crane which has a rotationally fixed base and a rotatable part. A fixed bearing ring of a slewing bearing is connected to the rotationally fixed base and a rotating bearing ring of the slewing bearing is connected to the rotating part of the slewing crane. The rotatable part has a crane boom with a trolley that can be moved along the crane boom and a trailer device for a load arranged on the trolley. As part of the method, at least the following operating parameters of the slewing crane are recorded and together with the

Reference measured values (Ri) or the condition measured values (Zi) are stored: - the distance of the trolley with the hitch from a rotation axis of the slewing bearing at the time of measurement of the reference measured values (Ri) or state measured values (Zi), - the one hanging on the hitch Load at the time of measurement of the reference measured values (Ri) or condition measured values (Zi), and - the relative rotational position between the fixed and rotatable bearing ring in

Time of measurement of the reference measured values (Ri) or status measured values (Zi).

The device according to the invention further has at least one storage device in which the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi) can be stored and from which these data sets (DRi and DZi) can be retrieved in order to use them

Evaluate the evaluation algorithm and determine the wear condition of the large rolling bearing at the time the condition measurement values (Zi) are recorded.

With the help of the evaluation algorithm, the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi) can be evaluated automatically. They can be read from the storage device using a computer system having the evaluation algorithm and evaluated according to method steps V3) and V4). The measured wear conditions can then be compared with predeterminable permissible wear values. The measured wear values reach the permissible ones

If the wear values are or are approaching them, the necessary measures can be taken in good time to prevent wear-related failure of the large slewing bearing and thus an unplanned failure of the entire device in which the

Slewing bearings are installed. In this way, unwanted downtimes can be avoided and the availability of overall devices such as large ones

Unloading cranes in overseas ports can be optimized. Especially in the area of critical ones

The optimized availability of critical systems such as unloading cranes is very important in logistics chains, so there is great interest in avoiding system failures caused by wear.

In principle, the computer system with the evaluation algorithm can be physically provided in the same device as the storage devices for the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi).

According to one embodiment of the invention, an interface is provided via which a computer system that is separate from the device and has the evaluation algorithm can access the reference data sets (DR) and the status data sets (DZi) in order to carry out method steps V3) and V4). . This ensures that when the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi) are stored in files, databases, data clouds or other storage media, the method steps V3) and V4) are carried out with the help of the computer system

Remote data processing can be carried out regardless of the location where the reference data sets (DRI) and the status data sets (DZi) are stored. This makes it possible, for example, for the manufacturer of the large slewing bearing to monitor its wear condition on behalf of the operator of the entire device and to carry out timely maintenance,

to plan and implement maintenance and repair work in order to avoid unforeseen operational failures of the slewing bearing and thus the entire device.

The invention thus enables the implementation of a business model in which the

Service of wear monitoring of the slewing bearing for the operator

The entire device in which the slewing bearing is installed is sold. The operator of the entire device has several advantages. On the one hand, he can control the quality of the

Wear monitoring and that resulting from the evaluation of the measured values

Improve maintenance, servicing and repair work because he can have the wear monitoring and its evaluation carried out by a company that knows the “large roller bearing” product much better than he does and therefore

He can also assess the wear condition of the large rolling bearing much better than he himself. On the other hand, he improves the availability of his entire device because unplanned downtimes are avoided due to maintenance and repairs that suddenly become necessary.

And repair work can be avoided. In addition, the operator of the entire device can save the personnel and material costs for monitoring the wear of the large slewing bearing. The advantage for the service provider is that he can offer his service regardless of location. He can use his computer system that

The evaluation algorithm includes access to any number of large slewing bearings to be monitored in different overall devices worldwide.

The invention also relates to a device for carrying out a method according to the method claims. The device comprises an overall device with a

Large rolling bearing, the overall device having a rotationally fixed first part and a rotatable second part.

For example, the overall device can be a revolving crane with a revolving or

Slewing bearings can be designed as large slewing bearings. A fixed (i.e. non-rotatable) bearing ring of the slewing bearing is connected to the rotationally fixed first part of the overall device and a rotatable bearing ring of the slewing bearing is connected to the rotatable second part of the overall device. The fixed first part of an overall device designed as a revolving crane can be the rotationally fixed base of the revolving crane.

The rotatable second part of an overall device designed as a revolving crane can be the rotatable or pivotable part of the revolving crane, which includes the crane boom with the trolley that can be moved along the crane boom and the trailer device for loads.

The device according to the invention has a storage device with which the reference measured values (Ri) and. recorded in the context of the method according to the invention

State measurement values (Zi) together with the associated operating parameters (P1, P2,

P3) of the entire device can be stored as reference data sets (DRi) and status data sets (DZi). The storage device has an interface via which the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi) can be accessed with a computer system. The reference data sets are then read out by the computer system and processed and evaluated according to method steps V3) and V4) with the help of the computer system and the evaluation algorithm in order to determine the state of wear of the slewing bearing.

The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can

In connection with different overall devices, i.e. the invention is related to the method and the device for carrying out the

The method is not limited to the application described as an example of a slewing crane with a large roller bearing designed as a rotary or pivot bearing. Dem

A person skilled in the art is aware that the type and number of operating parameters to be recorded (P1, P2, P3) depend on how the overall device is designed and what loads the slewing bearing is subjected to during operation.

According to one embodiment of the device according to the invention, it is provided that the overall device comprises a rotating crane which has a rotationally fixed base and a rotatable part, a fixed bearing ring of a large roller bearing being connected to the rotationally fixed base and a rotatable bearing ring of the large roller bearing being connected to the rotatable part , wherein the rotatable part has a crane boom with a trolley that can be moved along the crane boom and a trolley arranged on the trolley

Trailer device for a load, wherein as part of the method at least the following operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) of the rotating crane are recorded and stored together with the reference measured values (Ri) or the state measured values (Zi) in the storage device.

The following are stored as reference data sets (DRi) and status data sets (DZi): - the distance of the trolley (4) with the hitch (5) from a rotation axis of the slewing bearing at the time of measuring the reference measured values (Ri) or

Condition measurement values (Zi), - the load hanging on the trailer hitch at the time of measurement of the reference measurement values (Ri) or condition measurement values (Zi), and - the relative rotational position between the fixed and rotatable bearing ring in

Time of measurement of the reference measured values (Ri) or status measured values (Zi).

According to one embodiment of the device according to the invention, it is provided that the storage device comprises data files or a database or a data cloud, the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi) being connected to the

Computer system can be accessed via the Internet or another data transmission network and evaluated using the evaluation algorithm. 5 The computer system can in particular be a system that is separate from the storage device.

The availability of the reference data sets (DRIi) and the status data sets (DZi) via the Internet or another data transmission network ensures that

Computer system can be designed to be decoupled from the storage device and, for example, can be set up and operated at another location. The reference data sets (DRIi) and status data sets (DZi) can be read from any one

processed and evaluated locally. For example, the manufacturer of the

The large rolling bearing operates the computer system with the evaluation algorithm in its manufacturing plant in Germany and accesses, processes and evaluates the reference data sets (DR) and the status data sets (DZi) via the Internet, which an operator of a rotating crane uses to unload ships in the port of Shanghai or Rio de Janeiro and stored in a data cloud. In this way, the bearing manufacturer can ensure optimal availability of the unloading crane without the operator of the crane having to provide equipment, know-how and personnel capacity for monitoring the wear of the slewing bearing.

According to one embodiment of the device according to the invention, it is provided that the evaluation algorithm is separate from the computer system in a separate one

Data storage is provided, whereby the computer system can access the separate data storage in order to use the evaluation algorithm for evaluating the

Use reference data sets (DRi) and status data sets (DZi). This ensures that the evaluation algorithm can be updated, changed, improved and maintained independently of the computer system. It is then also conceivable that the evaluation algorithm is not provided by the operator of the computer system (e.g. the slewing bearing manufacturer), but by another company, which may also operate at a different location than the operator of the computer system .

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. They show each schematically

1 shows a representation of the process sequence according to the invention;

2 shows a first embodiment of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows the sequence of the method according to the invention. In method step V1), the reference measured values Ri on the large roller bearing and the associated operating parameters of the overall device P1, P2, P3, ..., Pn, which are each at the time of

Measurement of the reference measurement values Ri are present, are measured. The reference measured values Ri and the operating parameters P1, P2, P3, ..., Pn present for each reference measured value Ri at the time of the measurement are then stored as reference data sets DRi. The reference data sets DRi are preferably stored on a new one

Large rolling bearing is measured promptly after its installation in the overall device, when the large rolling bearing is not yet showing any wear.

The reference data sets DZi contain both the wear and tear of the

The share of the measured gap change caused by the slewing bearing at the time of its measurement, as well as the share of the gap change that is caused by the load on the slewing bearing at the time of measurement and the associated deformations.

At a given point in time (e.g. one year after the commissioning of the slewing bearing in the overall device), in method step V2), the condition measurements Zi on the slewing bearing and the associated operating parameters of the overall device P1, P2, P3, ... , Pn, which are present at the time of measurement of the state measured values Zi, are measured. The status measurements Zi and those for each

Status measurement value Zi operating parameter P1 present at the time of measurement,

P2, P3, ..., Pn are then saved as status data sets DZi.

The status data records DZi contain both the wear and tear of the

The share of the measured gap change caused by the slewing bearing at the time of its measurement, as well as the share of the gap change that is caused by the load on the slewing bearing at the time of measurement and the associated deformations.

In method step V3), as already described above, the recorded values for each operating parameter (P1, P2, P3) are divided into discrete value intervals (IP1, IP2, IP3). For example, the operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) described above using the example of the pivot bearing for a crane can be divided into value intervals (IP1, IP2, IP3) as follows:

P1: Subdivision of the radius from 0 m to a maximum of 50 m (with a maximum length of the

crane boom of 50 m) in 50 intervals of 1 m each (resolution 1m);

P2: Subdivision of the suspended load from 0 t to a maximum of 200 t (at a permissible

Maximum load of 200 t) in 100 intervals of 2 t each (resolution 2t);

P3: Division of the circumference of the pivot bearing from 0° to 360° into 80 intervals of 4.5° each (resolution 4.5°).

This division creates every possible combination of value intervals (IP1, IP2,

IP3) a class (Ki), so that a total of 50 x 100 x 80 = 400,000 different classes (Ki) are defined. Each specific class Ki is characterized by a specific combination of value intervals (IP1, IP2, IP3). A specific class is characterized, for example, by the fact that the radius in the first interval is 0 - 1 m (P1), while the load in the last interval is 198 - 200 t (P2) and the measurement at the relative twist angle indicated by zo is 0 ° defined rotational position of the pivot bearing (P3).

Another specific class is characterized, for example, by a combination of parameters in which the radius in the last interval is 49 - 50 m (P1), while the load is in the first

Interval 0 - 2 t is (P2) and the measurement is carried out at the rotation position of the pivot bearing (P3) defined by the relative rotation angle of 180°. In this way you can

A total of 400,000 classes (Ki) are formed, with each class (Ki) being assigned exactly one specific combination of the value intervals (IP1, IP2, IP3).

Each reference data set DRi includes the specifically measured reference measurement value Ri and the combination of operating parameters P1, P2, P3 that is actually present at the time of its measurement. Since every specific combination of the operating parameters P1,

P2, P3 corresponds exactly to a specific class Ki, each can be the reference measurement value

A specific class Ki can be assigned to the reference data set DRi containing Ri.

This step can be referred to as “classification of the reference data sets DRi”. You then have a total reference data set with a certain number of individual reference data sets DRi, with each individual reference data set DRi having a measured reference measurement value Ri, to which a specific class Ki is assigned.

Of course, there can be several reference measured values Ri, which have the same

Class Ki is assigned.

The same thing also happens with the status measurement values Zi. When measuring the status measurement values Zi, the operating parameters P1, P2, P3 that are actually present at the time of their measurement are also recorded. Each status data set DZi includes the specifically measured status value Zi and the specific combination of operating parameters P1, P2, P3 present at the time of its measurement. Since each specific combination of the operating parameters P1, P2, P3 corresponds exactly to a specific class Ki, each status data record DZi containing the status measurement value Zi can be assigned a specific class Ki. This step can be called “classification of the

“DZi” status data sets. You then have a total

State data record with a certain number of individual state data records

DZi, whereby each individual status data record DZi has a measured status measurement value Zi, to which a specific class Ki is assigned.

Of course, there can be several state measurement values Zi that have the same one

Class Ki is assigned.

Once a specific class Ki has been assigned to each reference data set DRi and each status data set DZi, the “classification” step is completed.

It should be noted that a reference data set DRi and a status data set DZi are not necessary for every class Ki in order to carry out the method according to the invention and to determine the wear condition of the large slewing bearing.

As part of method step V4), an average value is then formed for each class Ki from the reference measured values Ri or from the status data sets Zi. In the simplest case, this can be the arithmetic mean, for example. But other methods for averaging can also be used here. After that there is something for everyone

Class Ki has an average reference measurement value Rim and an average status measurement value Zim.

As part of method step V4), the computer system 20 then uses the evaluation algorithm 21 to search for classes Ki, which contain both mean reference measured values Rim and mean state measured values Zim. The mean state measurement values Zim of a specific class Ki are then compared with the mean

Reference measured values Rim of the same class Ki are compared with each other by forming the difference (Zim — Rim). This step is labeled “difference formation between equal classes” in Fig. 1.

The fact that in the method according to the invention the difference is always only formed for mean state measured values Zim and mean reference measured values Rim of the same

Class Ki occurs, the load-dependent portion of the gap change is eliminated and only the portion of the gap change that is due to actual wear on the slewing bearing remains.

The results of this value comparison are saved in a comparison data record.

The wear data can then be determined from the comparison data set, i.e. it can be determined whether the measured, wear-induced gap changes

in the individual classes Ki have reached or even exceeded a predetermined critical limit value. It can also be determined whether individual classes

Ki the gap change has approached a predeterminable critical value to such an extent that maintenance, servicing or repair measures are required. These measures can then be planned and carried out, for example, as part of plant inspections that are already required with planned plant shutdowns. To this

In this way, unplanned system failures and downtimes are avoided and the system availability, for example of an unloading crane, is increased or optimized.

Fig. 2 shows the device according to the invention for carrying out the inventive

Ben method in a first embodiment. The overall device 40 includes the large rolling bearing 50 installed in the overall device 40. In the large rolling bearing 50 are

Distance sensors are installed, with which the changes in the gap between the non-rotatable and rotatable bearing rings are measured. Measuring devices are also installed in the overall device 40, with which the operating parameters P1, P2, P3, ..., Pn can be recorded.

On the bearing that is not yet worn out (usually immediately after installation and the

Initial commissioning of the warehouse), the reference measured values Ri and the operating parameters P1, which are present at the time of a specific reference value measurement Ri,

P2, P3, ..., Pn are recorded and stored as reference data sets DRi in the storage device 10. Each reference data set DRi therefore includes the data (Ri; P1; P2; P3; ...; Pn).

At a predeterminable time after the commissioning of the large rolling bearing 50, at which the wear condition of the large rolling bearing 50 is to be determined, the condition measurement values Zi of the large rolling bearing 50 as well as the operating parameters P1, P2, P3, ..., Pn that are present at the time of a specific state value measurement Zi recorded and stored as status data sets DZi in the storage device 10.

Each status data set DZi therefore includes the data (Zi; P1; P2; P3; ...; Pn).

The storage device 10 can, for example, include a data cloud 14 in which the reference data sets DRi and the status data sets DZi are stored. In addition, the storage device has an interface 11 via which the computer system 20 can access the reference data sets DRi and the status data sets DZi.

Access can take place via a suitable data transmission network 30 such as the Internet.

With the help of the computer system 20, the above-described classification of the reference data sets DRi and the status data sets DZi can be carried out. With

With the help of the evaluation algorithm 21, the wear data describing the wear condition of the large roller bearing 50 are determined from the classified reference data sets DRi and status data sets DZi, as described above.

In the first embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 2, the evaluation algorithm 21 is stored on a data carrier, which is part of the computer system 20. The computer system 20 with the evaluation algorithm 21 can, for example, be operated in the company of the manufacturer of the slewing bearing 50, so that the slewing bearing manufacturer can carry out the wear condition of the slewing bearing 50 as a service for the operator of the entire device 40.

The second embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 3 differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 in that the evaluation algorithm 21 is stored separately from the computer system 20 on a separate data memory. The computer system 20 can access the evaluation algorithm 21 via a suitable data transmission network 30 such as the Internet in order to use the evaluation algorithm 21 for the evaluation of the reference data sets DRi and the status data sets DZi. This allows the evaluation algorithm 21 to be provided independently of the computer system 20, which further increases the flexibility of the business model of recording the wear condition of the slewing bearing 50 as a service.

List of reference symbols 1 base 2 rotating part 3 crane boom 4 trolley 5 hitch 6 load

Storage device 10 11 Interface 12 Data files 13 Database 14 Data cloud 20 Computer system 21 Evaluation algorithm 30 Data transmission network; Internet 40 total device 50 slewing bearings

Ri reference measurements

Zi condition measurements

P1, P2, P3,..., Pn Operating parameters of the entire device

DRi reference data sets

DZi state data records

Claims (10)

Expectations 1. Method for determining a wear condition of a large rolling bearing (50), wherein the large rolling bearing has an inner ring, an outer ring and a gap between the inner ring and the outer ring and is arranged in an overall device (40), wherein within the scope of the method by means of at least one Sensor changes in the gap between the inner ring and outer ring of the large roller bearing (50) are measured, taking into account the measured gap changes a wear condition of the large roller bearing (50) is determined at a given measurement time, characterized in that the method comprises the following method steps: V1) Carrying out reference measurements over a reference period, wherein reference measured values (Ri) are measured within the reference period, each reference measured value (Ri) being determined by a combination of several operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) of the overall device (40), the values for each The combination of the operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) belonging to the reference measured value (Ri) is recorded, and the reference measured values (Ri) are stored together with the associated combination of operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) as reference data sets (DRi). ; V2) Carrying out condition measurements over a measurement period, with condition measurement values (Zi) being measured within the measurement period, each condition measurement value (Zi) being determined by a combination of the operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) of the overall device (40), whereby the The combination of the operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) belonging to each status measurement value (Zi) is recorded, and the status measurement values (Zi) are stored together with the associated combination of operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) as status data sets (ZRi); V3) defining a division of the recorded values of each operating parameter (P1, P2, P3) into discrete value intervals (IP 1, IP2, IP3), so that each combination of value intervals (IP 1, IP2, IP3) forms a class (Ki); V4) Evaluate the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi). With the help of an evaluation algorithm (21), concrete classes (Ki) are assigned to the reference measured values (Ri) and the state measured values (Zi), with an average value (MRi) of the reference measured values (Ri) and an average value (MZi) for each class (Ki). of the state measured values (Zi) is formed, whereby for each class (Ki) the difference of the mean value (MZi) of the state measured values (Zi) and the mean value (MRi) of the reference measured values (Ri) is formed, so that mean values (MZi, MRi ) of the same classes (Ki) are compared with each other, with the results of the mean comparison in each class (Ki) being saved in a comparison data set (DV), and the wear condition of the slewing bearing being determined from the mean comparisons in each class (Ki). results immediately. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one sensor for measuring the change in the gap is designed as a non-contact measuring sensor, in particular as an inductive distance sensor. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the overall device (40) is a rotating crane which has a rotationally fixed base (1) and a rotatable part (2), with a fixed bearing ring of the large roller bearing (50). the non-rotatable base (1) and a rotatable bearing ring of the large roller bearing (50) is connected to the rotatable part (2), the rotatable part (2) having a crane boom (3) with a running arm that can be moved along the crane boom (3). Cat (4) and a trailer device (5) arranged on the trolley (4) for a load (6), at least the following operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) of the overall device being taken into account as part of the method: - the distance the trolley (4) with the hitch (5) from a rotation axis of the rolling bearing (50) at the time of measurement of the reference measured values (Ri) or condition measured values (Zi), - the load hanging on the hitch at the time of measurement the reference measurement values (Ri) or condition measurement values (Zi), and - the relative rotational position between the fixed and rotatable bearing ring at the time of measurement of the reference measurement values (Ri) or condition measurement values (Zi). 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the overall device (40) is an excavator and the large roller bearing (50) is a pivot bearing which is installed in the excavator, the excavator having various hydraulic cylinders, and where Different pressures in the hydraulic cylinders and different positions of the piston in the respective hydraulic cylinders are used as operating parameters (P1, P2, P3), or that the overall device (40) is a tunnel boring machine and the large roller bearing (50) is a bearing for the rotatable mounting of a drilling head of the tunnel boring machine is, wherein contact pressures acting on the drill head at different circumferential positions are used as operating parameters (P1, P2, P3), or that the overall device (40) is a bearing for an offshore oil transfer station and the large slewing bearing (50) is a rotary bearing installed in this, wherein the operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) are wind direction and the loads generated by the wind, or that the overall device (40) is a wind turbine and the large roller bearing (50) is a bearing installed in the wind turbine, where as Operating parameters (P1, P2, P3), the speed of the rotor hub, the axial load acting on the large rolling bearing (50) and the tilting moment acting on the large rolling bearing (50) are used. 5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi) are stored in files, databases, data clouds or other storage media in such a way that the method steps V3) and V4) are independent by means of remote data processing can be carried out from the location where the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi) are stored. 6. Device for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an overall device with a large rolling bearing, the overall device having a rotationally fixed first part and a rotatable second part, a fixed bearing ring of the large rolling bearing with the rotationally fixed first part and a rotatable one Bearing ring of the large roller bearing is connected to the rotatable second part, a storage device (10) being provided, with which the reference measurement values (Ri) and status measurement values (Zi) recorded as part of the method can be stored together with the associated operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) of the overall device as reference data sets (DRi) and status data sets (DZi), the storage device ( 10) has an interface (11) via which the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi) can be accessed with a computer system (20) in order to use them with an evaluation algorithm (21) to determine the wear condition of the large slewing bearing to evaluate one of the preceding claims. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the overall device comprises a rotating crane which has a rotationally fixed base (1) and a rotatable part (2), wherein a fixed bearing ring of a large roller bearing with the rotationally fixed base (1) and a rotatable bearing ring of the slewing bearing is connected to the rotatable part (2), the rotatable part (2) having a crane boom (3) with a trolley (4) which can be moved along the crane boom (3) and a trailer device (5) arranged on the trolley (4). for a load (6), wherein as part of the method at least the following operating parameters (P1, P2, P3) of the rotating crane are recorded and stored together with the reference measured values (Ri) or the state measured values (Zi) in the storage device (10 ) are stored as reference data sets (DRi) and status data sets (DZi): - the distance of the trolley (4) with the hitch (5) from a rotation axis of the large roller bearing at the time of measurement of the reference measured values (Ri) or status measured values (Zi) , - the load hanging on the trailer hitch at the time of measurement of the reference measured values (Ri) or condition measured values (Zi), and - the relative rotational position between the fixed and rotating bearing ring at the time of measurement of the reference measured values (Ri) or condition measured values (Zi ). 8. Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the storage device (10) comprises data files (12) or a database (13) or a data cloud (14), the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi) can be accessed with the computer system (20) via the Internet or another data transmission network and can be evaluated with the evaluation algorithm (21). 9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the computer system (20) is a separate system from the storage device (10). 10. Device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the evaluation algorithm (21) is provided separately from the computer system (20) in a separate data memory, the computer system (20) being able to access the separate data memory in order to use the evaluation algorithm (21) to use for the evaluation of the reference data sets (DRi) and the status data sets (DZi).