BE1020613A3 - MULTILAYER INSULATING BUILDING ELEMENT. - Google Patents

Description

Multilayer insulating building element Technical area

According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a block or multilayer insulating building element. More specifically, the multilayer insulating building element comprises: a first thickness-carrying layer ti having a first surface and a second surface separated by the thickness h of the first load-bearing layer; a second bearing layer of thickness t2 having a third surface and a fourth surface separated by the thickness t2 of the second support layer; a third bearing layer of thickness t3 having a fifth surface and a sixth surface separated by the thickness t3 of the third bearing layer and such that the second bearing layer is positioned between the first and third bearing layers; a first thermally insulating layer of thickness t4 and positioned between the first and second bearing layers; a second thermally insulating layer of thickness ts and positioned between the second and third bearing layers; where - the second and third surfaces are between the first and fourth surfaces; the fifth surface is located between the fourth and sixth surfaces. According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing such a block or element.

State of the art

EP1452504 describes, with reference to Figure 1, a block or building element comprising different layers. Three trapezoidal grooves facilitating the interlocking of different blocks on each other form three bearing layers. A trapezoidal groove is positioned between the two others. The trapezoidal grooves are connected to each other by sleepers. These sleepers delimit internal cavities. These inner cavities reduce the weight of the lighter block or construction element. As suggested in paragraph [0044], the inner cavities of the block may be filled with a material that is thermally insulating and / or acoustic (or absorbent) insulation.

Summary of the invention

According to a first aspect, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a block or building element having a high thermal insulation compared to known blocks while reducing the risk of condensation inside a home of which the walls would include such blocks or building elements. For this purpose, the construction element of the invention is characterized in that: the first thermally insulating layer is continuous, such that its orthogonal projection on the second surface covers at least 75% of this second surface and such that its orthogonal projection on the third surface covers at least 75% of this third surface; in that - the second thermally insulating layer is continuous, such that its orthogonal projection on the fourth surface covers at least 75% of this fourth surface and such that its orthogonal projection on the fifth surface covers at least 75% of this fifth surface; and in that - the second bearing layer comprises ventilated voids.

Ventilated voids represent apertures or through holes through the second bearing layer along the height h of the building element.

The continuous characteristic of the first and second thermally insulating layers increases the thermal insulation of the building element by avoiding having a multitude of thermal bridges between the different bearing layers. The fact that the orthogonal projections of the two thermally insulating layers on the different surfaces cover them in the ratios specified above makes it possible to ensure a great thermal insulation between the different bearing layers. The first and second thermally insulating layers oppose a transverse heat flow that is to say a heat flow having a direction parallel to the thicknesses of the different layers of the building element. The second bearing layer includes ventilated voids. These ventilated voids allow air circulation through the building element thus reducing the risk of condensation inside a home whose walls include blocks or building elements according to the invention. Thus, the construction element of the invention ensures a high thermal insulation while reducing the risk of condensation inside a home whose walls include building elements of the invention.

The construction element of the invention has other advantages. The first and second thermally insulating layers form an integral part of the multilayer insulating building element. It is therefore not necessary to stick an insulating thermal layer after assembly of the various building elements of the invention. The position of the two thermally insulating layers (respectively between the first and second bearing layers on the one hand and between the second and third bearing layers on the other hand) protects them when the different building elements are assembled. This is not the case in different building elements of the invention where the thermally insulating layer is on one of its outer surfaces of the building element. The continuous nature of the first and second thermally insulating layers makes it easier to manufacture the construction element of the invention, thus reducing its manufacturing cost.

[0006] Preferably, the orthogonal projection of the first thermally insulating layer on the second surface covers at least 90% of this second surface and / or the orthogonal projection of the first thermally insulating layer on the third surface covers at least 90% of this third surface and / or the orthogonal projection of the second thermally insulating layer on the fourth surface covers at least 90% of this fourth surface and / or the orthogonal projection of the second thermally insulating layer on the fifth surface covers at least 90% of this fifth surface. More preferably, the orthogonal projection of the first thermally insulating layer on the second surface completely covers this second surface and / or the orthogonal projection of the first thermally insulating layer on the third surface completely covers this third surface and / or the orthogonal projection. of the second thermally insulating layer on the fourth surface completely covers this fourth surface and / or the orthogonal projection of the second thermally insulating layer on the fifth surface completely covers this fifth surface.

The thermal insulation provided by the building element is further increased in these preferred embodiments.

[0007] Preferably, the first and second thermally insulating layers comprise a thermal insulator having a thermal conductivity λ of between 0.01 and 3 W / (m * K) and more preferably between 0.03 and 1 W / (m * K).

[0008] Preferably, the first and second thermally insulating layers comprise an acoustic insulator. Thus, the construction element of the invention also provides good acoustic insulation in this preferred embodiment.

[0009] Preferably, the first thermally insulating layer is in contact with the second and third surfaces. Preferably, the second thermally insulating layer is in contact with the fourth and fifth surfaces. These preferred embodiments make it possible to reduce the cost of the building element by reducing the number of layers of this element.

Preferably, the first and second thermally insulating layers comprise one or more constituents chosen from the following list: paper, vermiculite, straw, wood fibers, sawdust, glue and some water. This variant has the advantages of having first and second thermally insulating layers of low cost and recyclable.

Preferably, the first and / or the second and / or the third bearing layers are terracotta. This variant also makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the multilayer insulating building element of the invention.

Preferably, the first and third load bearing layers comprise ventilated voids. The presence of ventilated voids in the first and third load-bearing layers further reduces the risk of condensation within a dwelling whose walls include multilayer insulating building elements according to the invention.

Preferably, at least one ventilated void of the second load-bearing layer comprises at least one acoustic insulation blade adapted to reduce the propagation of sound along the thickness t2 of the second bearing layer. The at least one soundproofing blade impedes the propagation of sound through the second load-bearing layer along its thickness t2. This variant therefore has the advantage of having a multilayer insulating building element having a greater acoustic insulation. More preferably, at least one ventilated void of the first load-bearing layer comprises at least one acoustic insulation strip adapted to reduce the propagation of sound along the thickness ti of the first load-bearing layer. Even more preferably, at least one ventilated void of the third load-bearing layer comprises at least one acoustic insulation strip capable of reducing the propagation of sound along the thickness t3 of the third bearing layer.

According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a multilayer insulating building element. This method comprising the following steps: i) providing a first bearing layer of thickness ti; ii) providing a second bearing layer of thickness t2 and comprising ventilated voids; iii) providing a third bearing layer of thickness t3; iv) setting a first continuous thermally insulating layer U with a thickness U between the first and second bearing layers; v) fixing a second thermally insulating continuous layer of thickness ts between the second and third bearing layers.

The different steps of this manufacturing process need not necessarily be performed in the aforementioned order. Preferably, the fixing of the first and second thermally insulating layers respectively to the first and second bearing layers on the one hand and the second and third bearing layers on the other hand is done by gluing, preferably with plasticizer latex.

Brief description of the drawings

These and other aspects of the invention will be clarified in the detailed description of particular embodiments of the invention, reference being made to the drawings of the figures, in which: - Figure 1 shows a view of the above a multilayer insulating building element according to a first embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 shows a side view of the multilayer insulating building element according to the same first embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 shows a view from above of a multilayer insulating building element according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 shows a side view of the multilayer insulating building element according to this preferred embodiment; FIG. 5 shows a view from above of a multilayer insulating building element according to another preferred embodiment of the invention; - Figure 6 shows a first example of acoustic insulation blade; - Figure 7 shows a second example of acoustic insulation blade.

The drawings of the figures are not to scale. Generally, similar elements are denoted by similar references in the figures. The presence of reference numbers in the drawings can not be considered as limiting, even when these numbers are indicated in the claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 shows a top view of a multilayer insulating building element 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 shows a side view of the multilayer insulating building element 1 according to the same first embodiment of the invention.

This building element 1 comprises a first support layer 10 of thickness ti which is preferably substantially constant. The first bearing layer 10 comprises a first 10a and a second 10b surfaces which are separated by the thickness ti. The construction element 1 also comprises a second support layer 20 of thickness t2 which is also preferably substantially constant. The second bearing layer 20 comprises a third 20a and a fourth 20b surfaces which are separated by the thickness t2. The construction element 1 also comprises a third support layer 30 of thickness t3 which is also preferably substantially constant. The third bearing layer 30 comprises a fifth 30a and a sixth 30b surfaces which are separated by the thickness t3. If L represents the length of the building element 1, the first 10a, second 10b, third 20a, fourth 20b, fifth 30a and sixth 30b surfaces have a length substantially equal to L. This means that these surfaces (10a, 10b , 20a, 20b, 30a, 30b) have a length of between 0.75 * L and 1 * L. In the different figures, the lengths of the different parts are measured along the x-axis of FIGS. 1, 3 and 5. However, it is not necessary for the construction element 1 and its different parts to have external surfaces. comprising flat surfaces. The outer surfaces delimiting the building element 1 of the invention can be curved.

The multilayer insulating building element 1 further comprises a first 100 and a second 110 thermally insulating layers. The first 100 (respectively second 110) thermally insulating layer has a thickness t4 (respectively ts). Preferably, the thicknesses t4 and ts are essentially constant. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the first thermally insulating layer 100 is positioned between the first and second load bearing layers while the second heat insulating layer 110 is positioned between the second and third load bearing layers. The first 100 and second 110 thermally insulating layers are continuous. In the embodiment of the construction element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the orthogonal projections of the first thermally insulating layer 100 on the second 10b and third 20a surfaces completely cover these second 10b and third 20a surfaces. Likewise, the orthogonal projections of the second thermally insulating layer on the fourth and fifth surfaces completely cover these fourth and fifth surfaces. Thus, in this preferred embodiment, there is no thermal bridge between the different bearing layers in contrast to the block shown in Figure 1 of EP1452504 where the cross between trapezoidal grooves represent such thermal bridges. The thermal insulation provided by a construction element as shown in Figure 1 is more important. In this embodiment, the first 100 and second 110 thermally insulating layers are in contact with the second 10b and third 20a surfaces on the one hand and in contact with the fourth 20b and fifth 30a surfaces on the other hand. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first thermally insulating layer 100 makes it possible, in such an embodiment, to join the first load-bearing layer 10 to the second load-bearing layer 20, whereas the second thermally-insulating layer 110 makes it possible to secure the second bearing layer 20 to the third bearing layer 30.

The second bearing layer 20 comprises ventilated voids 25. These ventilated voids 25 are openings (or holes, cavities) in the second bearing layer 20 and along the height h of the construction element 1.

Preferably, the thicknesses ti to ts are between 3 and 8 cm. More preferably, ti = t3 = 5 cm; t2 = 4 cm; t4 = ts = 3 cm. Preferably, the length L is between 30 and 60 cm and more preferably, L is 50 cm. Preferably, the height h is between 20 and 30 cm. More preferably, it is 25 cm.

Preferably, the two thermally insulating layers (100, 110) comprise a thermal insulator having a thermal conductivity λ of between 0.01 and 3 W / (m * K) and even more preferably between 0.03 and 1 W / (m * K). The thermal conductivity λ represents the amount of heat transferred per unit area and per unit time under a temperature gradient of 1 degree per meter. It is usually expressed in watts per meter per kelvin (W / (m * K)). An example of such thermal insulation is glass wool. More preferably, the first 100 and second 110 thermally insulating layers comprise acoustic insulation. An acoustic insulation (or sound insulation) aims to oppose the propagation of noise. Examples of acoustic insulation are: rock wool, glass wool, hemp or cellulose.

[0021] Preferably, the first 100 and second 110 thermally insulating layers comprise the following composition for one kilogram (1 kg): 300 g of paper, 350 g, 100 g of straw, 125 g of wood fiber, 100 g of sawdust, 25 glue and water.

Preferably, the second 20 and third 30 bearing layers are terracotta.

Figures 3 and 4 show a preferred embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the first 10 and third load bearing layers also include ventilated voids (15, 35). An alternative is to have vented voids only in the first 10 and second 20 load bearing layers. Another alternative is to have ventilated voids only in the second 20 and third 30 load bearing layers. Ventilated voids (25, 15 and 35) can be of any shape. Preferably, they have the shape of a square-based prism. In an xy plane (that of Figures 1, 3 and 5), the square base then preferably has a side of length equal to 1.5 cm.

Figure 5 shows another preferred embodiment of the invention when the three bearing layers (10,20,30) comprise ventilated voids (15,25,35). In this embodiment, certain vented voids (15, 35) of the first 10 and third load-bearing layers comprise acoustic insulation strips 200 capable of reducing sound propagation along the thicknesses h and t3. Preferably, these acoustic insulation strips 200 are made of the same material as that of the load-bearing layers. More preferably, the acoustic insulation strips 200 are molded together with the airfoils having ventilated voids comprising such acoustic insulation strips 200. This is illustrated in FIG. 6 for an example of a possible shape of the In such a case, the material is therefore continuous between the acoustic insulation strips 200 and the load-bearing layers. Each vented void may comprise one or more acoustic insulation strips 200. Acoustic insulation strips 200 preferably have a thickness of between 3 and 7 mm and more preferably a thickness of 5 mm.

The soundproofing blades 200 may have different shapes. Figure 6 shows a first example particularly simple to achieve. In this case, the acoustic insulation strip 200 is a wall passing through a ventilated space (15, 25 or 35) and which is not parallel to the thickness t 1, t 2 or t 3. In the case where the building element 1 and the first 10, second 20 and third 30 bearing layers are prisms with a rectangular base, that is to say that the wall constituting the acoustic insulation strip 200 is not parallel to the axis y shown in FIGS. 1 to 5. Preferably, the acoustic insulation strip 200 shown in FIG. 6 is perpendicular to the thickness t 1, t 2 or t 3 (that is to say perpendicular to the thickness y-axis shown in Figures 1 to 6). FIG. 7 shows a second example of soundproofing blade 200. In this example, the soundproofing blade 200 comprises two walls that define an angle a. This angle a is preferably an acute angle. As illustrated in FIG. 5, it is possible to include at least two acoustic insulation strips 200 by ventilated space (15,25,35). In a preferred embodiment, all ventilated voids (15, 25, 35) include acoustic insulation strips 200.

As illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, the first 100 and second 110 thermally insulating layers preferably have trapezoidal grooves on the upper part 1a of the construction element 1 which are adapted to receive trapezoidal projections. complementary that the first 100 and second 110 thermally insulating layers have preferably on the lower part 1b of the construction element 1. The assembly of the various construction elements 1 is then facilitated.

According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a multilayer insulating building element 1. This method comprises the following steps: i) providing a first bearing layer 10 of thickness ti; ii) providing a second bearing layer 20 of thickness t2 and comprising ventilated voids; iii) providing a third bearing layer 30 of thickness t3; iv) setting a first thermally insulating first layer 100 continuous and of thickness t4 between the first 10 and the second 20 bearing layers; v) setting a second thermally insulating second layer 110 continuous and of thickness t5 between the second 20 and the third 30 bearing layers.

Preferably, the fixing of the first and second thermally insulating layers (100, 110) between the first 10 and second 20 bearing layers on the one hand and between the second 20 and third 30 bearing layers on the other hand is done by gluing: in such a case the first thermally insulating layer 100 is then in contact with the first 10 and second 20 bearing layers and the second thermally insulating layer 110 is in contact with the second 20 and third 30 load bearing layers. The bonding is preferably with a plasticizing latex. Preferably, the attachment of the first 100 (respectively second 110) thermally insulating layer to the first 10 and the second 20 load bearing layers (respectively to the second 20 and third 30 load bearing layers) is done when these first 100 and second 110 thermally insulating layers. are not totally dry when the manufacture of such layers requires drying from basic components. Preferably, the second, second, and second surfaces are scribed with an abrasive material prior to attachment of the first and second thermally insulating layers to these surfaces, whichever is preferred. and second 110 thermally insulating layers are in contact with the first 10 and second 20 bearing layers on the one hand and with the second 20 and third 30 bearing layers on the other hand. This ensures better adhesion between the different layers of the construction element 1. Once the manufacturing process has been carried out, the first load-bearing layer 10 is secured to the second load-bearing layer 20 via the first thermally insulating layer 100 and the second bearing layer 20 is secured to the third bearing layer 30 via the second thermally insulating layer 110. Along the thickness of the construction element 1, a first load-bearing layer 10 is obtained, a first layer thermally insulating 100, a second support layer 20, a second thermally insulating layer 110 and a third support layer 30.

The present invention has been described in relation to specific embodiments, which have a purely illustrative value and should not be considered as limiting. In general, the present invention is not limited to the examples illustrated and / or described above. The use of the verbs "to understand", "to include", "to include", or any other variant, as well as their conjugations, can in no way exclude the presence of elements other than those mentioned. The use of the indefinite article "a", "an", or the definite article "the", "the" or "I", to introduce an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of these elements. The reference numerals in the claims do not limit their scope.

In summary, the invention can also be described as follows. Multilayer insulating building element 1 comprising along its thickness: a first load-bearing layer 10, a first thermally insulating layer 100, a second load-bearing layer 20, a second thermally insulating layer 110 and a third load-bearing layer 30. The second bearing layer 20 includes ventilated spaces 25.

Claims (15)

A multilayer insulating building element (1) comprising: a first load-bearing layer (10) having a thickness h having a first surface (10a) and a second surface (10b) separated by the thickness ti of the first load-bearing layer ( 10); a second bearing layer (20) of thickness t2 having a third surface (20a) and a fourth surface (20b) separated by the thickness t2 of the second support layer (20); a third bearing layer (30) of thickness t3 having a fifth surface (30a) and a sixth surface (30b) separated by the thickness t3 of the third bearing layer (30) and such that the second bearing layer (20) is positioned between the first (10) and the third (30) bearing layers; a first thermally insulating layer (100) of thickness U and positioned between the first (10) and the second (20) bearing layers; a second thermally insulating layer (110) of thickness t5 and positioned between the second (20) and third (30) bearing layers; where - the second (10b) and third (20a) surfaces are located between the first (10a) and fourth (20b) surfaces; the fifth surface (30a) is located between the fourth (20b) and sixth (30b) surfaces; characterized in that - the first thermally insulating layer (100) is continuous, such that its orthogonal projection on the second surface (10b) covers at least 75% of this second surface (10b) and such that its orthogonal projection on the third surface (20a) covers at least 75% of this third surface (20a); in that - the second thermally insulating layer (110) is continuous, such that its orthogonal projection on the fourth surface (20b) covers at least 75% of this fourth surface (20b) and such that its orthogonal projection on the fifth surface ( 30a) covers at least 75% of this fifth area (30a); and in that - the second bearing layer (20) comprises ventilated voids (25). 2. multilayer insulating building element (1) according to claim 1 characterized in that: - the orthogonal projection of the first thermally insulating layer (100) on the second surface (10b) covers at least 90% of this second surface (10b ), and / or in that - the orthogonal projection of the first thermally insulating layer (100) on the third surface (20a) covers at least 90% of this third surface (20a); and / or in that - the orthogonal projection of the second thermally insulating layer (110) on the fourth surface (20b) covers at least 90% of this fourth surface (20b); and / or in that - the orthogonal projection of the second thermally insulating layer (110) on the fifth surface (30a) covers at least 90% of this fifth surface (30a). 3. multilayer insulating building element (1) according to claim 2 characterized in that: - the orthogonal projection of the first thermally insulating layer (100) on the second surface (10b) completely covers this second surface (10b), and / or in that - the orthogonal projection of the first thermally insulating layer (100) on the third surface (20a) completely covers this third surface (20a); and / or in that - the orthogonal projection of the second thermally insulating layer (110) on the fourth surface (20b) completely covers this fourth surface (20b); and / or in that - the orthogonal projection of the second thermally insulating layer (110) on the fifth surface (30a) completely covers this fifth surface (30a). 4. multilayer insulating building element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the first (100) and second (110) thermally insulating layers comprise a thermal insulator having a thermal conductivity λ between 0.01 and 3 W / (m * K). 5. multilayer insulating building element (1) according to claim 4 characterized in that the first (100) and second (110) thermally insulating layers comprise a thermal insulator having a thermal conductivity λ between 0.03 and 1 W / ( m * K). 6. Multilayer insulating building element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the first (100) and second (110) thermally insulating layers comprise acoustic insulation. 7. Multilayer insulating building element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the first thermally insulating layer (100) is in contact with the second (10b) and third (20a) surfaces. 8. Multilayer insulating building element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the second thermally insulating layer (110) is in contact with the fourth (20b) and fifth (30a) surfaces. 9. multilayer insulating building element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the first (100) and second (110) thermally insulating layers comprise one or more constituents selected from the following list: paper, vermiculite, straw, wood fibers, sawdust, glue and water. 10. Multilayer insulating building element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the first (10) and / or the second (20) and / or the third (30) bearing layers are terracotta. 11. Multilayer insulating building element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the first (10) and third (30) bearing layers comprise ventilated voids (15, 35). 12. Multilayer insulating building element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ventilated space (25) of the second load-bearing layer (20) comprises at least one acoustic insulation strip (200). adapted to reduce sound propagation along the thickness t2 of the second bearing layer (20). 13. A multilayer insulating building element (1) according to claim 11 or claim 12 when dependent on claim 11 characterized in that at least one ventilated space (15) of the first load-bearing layer (10) comprises at least one acoustic insulation blade (200) adapted to reduce sound propagation along the thickness ti of the first load-bearing layer (10). 14. A multilayer insulating building element (1) according to claim 11, 13 or claim 12 when dependent on claim 11 characterized in that at least one ventilated space (35) of the third load-bearing layer (30) comprises at least one less an acoustic insulation blade (200) adapted to reduce the sound propagation along the thickness t3 of the third bearing layer (30). 15. A method of manufacturing a multilayer insulating building element (1) according to any preceding claim comprising the steps of: i) providing a first bearing layer (10) of thickness ti; ii) providing a second bearing layer (20) of thickness t2 and comprising ventilated voids; iii) providing a third carrier layer (30) of thickness tβ; iv) fixing a first thermally insulating layer (100) continuous and of thickness t4 between the first (10) and second (20) bearing layers; v) fixing a second thermally insulating layer (110) continuous and of thickness t5 between the second (20) and third (30) bearing layers.