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AU770692B2 - Electric motor - Google Patents

Electric motor Download PDF

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Publication number
AU770692B2
AU770692B2 AU15350/00A AU1535000A AU770692B2 AU 770692 B2 AU770692 B2 AU 770692B2 AU 15350/00 A AU15350/00 A AU 15350/00A AU 1535000 A AU1535000 A AU 1535000A AU 770692 B2 AU770692 B2 AU 770692B2
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Australia
Prior art keywords
support
segments
electric machine
machine according
electrically conductive
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AU15350/00A
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AU1535000A (en
Inventor
Barry Reginald Hobson
Eric Roberts Laithwaite
Angelo Paoliello
Christopher Paull Revill
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Merlex Corp Pty Ltd
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Merlex Corp Pty Ltd
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Priority claimed from AUPP7124A external-priority patent/AUPP712498A0/en
Application filed by Merlex Corp Pty Ltd filed Critical Merlex Corp Pty Ltd
Priority to AU15350/00A priority Critical patent/AU770692B2/en
Publication of AU1535000A publication Critical patent/AU1535000A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU770692B2 publication Critical patent/AU770692B2/en
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Description

WO 00/30239 PCT/AU99/01005 -1- Title ELECTRIC MOTOR Field of the Invention This invention relates to an electric motor.
Background of the Invention The applicant is knowledgeable of the design and operation pulverising mills used to grind mineral samples into a fine powder. The pulverising mill together with many other types of machines require an orbital or vibratory motion in order to work.
These machines include for example screens for screening particles, cone crushers for crushing rocks, and shakers and stirrers for shaking and stirring laboratory solutions, biological/medical products and specifications, and the like.
Traditionally, the orbital or vibratory motion required on such machines is imparted to an object by attaching the object: to a spring mounted platform to which is coupled an eccentrically weighted shaft driven by a motor: or, via bearings to an eccentric shaft driven by a motor. A mechanical coupling such as a gear box, belt, or universal joint is used to couple the output of the motor to the shaft.
However, the very motion that these machines are designed to produce also leads to their inevitable and frequent failure. Specifically, the required orbital or vibratory motion leads to fatigue failure in various components of the machines including mechanical couplings, transmissions, bearings, framework and mounts. The cost of repairing such failures is very high. In addition to the cost of repairing the broken component(s) substantial loses can be incurred due to down time in a larger process in which the failed machine performs one or more steps. A further limitation of such machines is that they produce fixed orbits or motions with no means of dynamic control (ie no means of varying orbit path while machine is running).
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-2- Summary of the Invention The present invention has evolved from the perceived need to be able to generate orbital or vibratory motion without the limitations and deficiencies of the above described prior art.
According to the present invention there is provided an electric machine comprising: a magnet producing lines of magnetic flux extending through an air gap in a first direction formed by oppositely disposed magnetic poles; and, a support capable of at least two dimensional motion in a single plane relative to the said magnet, said support provided with at least two electrically conductive paths each having a current carrying segment, said segments disposed in and extending across said lines of magnetic flux in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the said first direction, and extend with a circumferential aspect to a plane containing the said support and wherein interaction of an electric current flowing through a particular segment and the said magnetic flux produces a thrust force to cause said motion of said support relative to said magnet.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an electric machine comprising: a magnet producing lines of magnetic flux extending through an air gap in a first direction; and, 25 a support provided with at least three electrically conductive paths, each path having a segment, said segments equally spaced from each other and disposed in and extending across said lines of magnetic flux in a second direction substantially perpendicular to said first direction, said segments further extending with a circumferential aspect to a plane containing of said support; a first one of said segments disposed at a non-diametrically opposed location relative oo:o *o.
2a to a second one of said segments;said support and magnet moveable relative to each other where said motion includes two dimensional motion in a single plane; a coupling for mechanically coupling said support to a mechanical input that moves said support relative to said magnet to induce electric current to flow in said conductive paths, whereby said electric machine acts as an electric generator.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an electric machine comprising: a magnet producing magnetic fields having lines of flux extending through a plurality of air gaps: a movable support, said support provided with first and second sets of electrical conductors, each set of electrical conductors having two or more segments lying in respective non parallel common planes, each segment extending with a circumferential aspect to said support and where two of the segments of each set are not located diagonally opposite each other; said segments of each set of conductors disposed in respective air gaps; and, orientated so that respective thrust forces generated thereon by interaction of respective electrical currents flowing through said segments and said magnetic fields ~induces motion along or about respective axes in said planes.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for controlling motion of a support comprising: providing said support with two or more electrically conductive paths each path 30 having a segment that extends with a circumferential aspect relative to a centre of said support; 2b providing one or more air gaps through which lines of magnetic flux extend said air gaps formed by oppositely disposed magnetic poles; providing respective AC currents to said segments; disposing said segments in respective ones of said air gaps, said segments further disposed so that thrust force generated by interaction of respective AC currents flowing through said segments and said magnetic flux induces two dimensional motion of said support in a single plane containing said support or said magnets; and, controlling one or more of the amplitude, frequency, polarity and phase of said AC electrical currents fed to respective segments to control said thrust forces and thereby control said motion of said support.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an electric machine including at least: a plurality of magnets each having an air gap through which lines of magnetic flux extend said air gaps formed by oppositely disposed magnetic poles; and, ooo* a support provided with at least three electrically conductive paths, each path S•having a segment which extends with a circumferential aspect relative to a centre of said support, said segments equally spaced from each other and disposed in respective air gaps 25 and extending across said lines of magnetic flux in said air gap in a direction substantially perpendicular to said lines of magnetic flux; a first one of said segments disposed at a non-diametrically opposed location relative to a second one of said segments;
O•
2c said support and magnets moveable relative to each other where said motion includes two dimensional motion in a single plane containing said support or said magnets; wherein interaction of an electric current flowing through a particular segment and the said lines of magnetic flux create a thrust force to drive said relative motion of said support and magnets.
Preferably the support is made of an electrically conductive material and is provided with a plurality of apertures disposed inboard of an outer peripheral edge of the support wherein the electrically conductive paths are constituted by the portions of the support that extend about the apertures.
Preferably the support is in the form of a wheel having a central hub, spokes extending radially outwardly from the hub and an outer rim joining the spokes, wherein each aperture is defined by the space formed between adjacent spokes and sectors of the hub and rim between which adjacent spokes extend, and each conductive path comprises a pair of adjacent spokes and the sectors of the hub and
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oe -3rim between which the pair of adjacent spokes extend so that adjacent conductive paths share a common spoke.
Preferably the electric motor further includes induction means for inducing an electric current to flow through the electrically conductive paths.
Preferably induction means is supported separately from the support.
Preferably the inductions means comprises a plurality of transformers each having a primary coil and a core about which the primary coil winds, and wherein the core of each transformer interlinks with adjacent apertures so that an electric current flow in the primary coil of a transformer can induce an electric current to flow the electrically conductive paths about the corresponding adjacent apertures.
Preferably in an alternate embodiment the induction means comprises: a transformer having a core formed into a closed loop and provided with a plurality of windows through which respective spokes of the support pass, each windows bound by opposed branches of the core that extend in the same plane as the support and opposed pairs of legs of the core that extend in a plane perpendicular to the support; and a plurality of primary coils, a primary coil wound about at least one of the branches of the core of each window; whereby in use, when an alternating current is caused to flow through the 20 primary coils lines of magnetic flux are created that circulate about the •oo•• windows in the core, the majority of the flux being shared in legs of the core between adjacent windows, and wherein said lines of magnetic flux.
circulating about a particular window induce a current to flow through the spoke passing through that window and the conductive paths containing that spoke.
Preferably the segments of the conductive paths are evenly spaced by an angle 0' where 0' equals 360°/number of segments, and the currents flowing through the -4/1segments have a sequential phase difference of 0' to achieve circular orbital motion.
Preferably the magnetic field producing means is a magnet provided with an air gap through which lines of magnet flux flow and in which the segments are disposed.
Preferably the magnet is shaped as a closed loop magnet and the air gap is formed as a closed loop.
Preferably the magnet may be a permanent magnet or an electro-magnet.
Preferably the magnet is in the form of a Cockcroft ring.
Throughout this specification the term "comprising" is used inclusively, in the sense that there may be other features and/or steps included in the invention not expressly defined or comprehended in the features or steps subsequently defined or described. What such other features and/or steps may include will be apparent from the specification read as a whole.
Brief Description of the Drawings Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1A is a schematic representation of the first embodiment of the electric motor; 25 Figure 1B is an enlarge view of section A-A of Figure 1A; Fapfeu Figure 1C is a graphical representation of a three phase AC voltage/current supply; o o •o-o PCT/AU99/01005 Received 15 December 2000 -4/2 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 is a partial cut away perspective view of a second embodiment of the electric motor; is a partial cut away perspective view of a third embodiment of the electric motor; is a partial cut away perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the electric motor; AMENDED
SHEET
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WO 00/30239 PCT/AU99/01005 Figure 5 is a partial cut away perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the electric motor; Figure 6 is a partial cut away perspective view of a sixth embodiment of the electric motor; Figure 7 is a partial cut away perspective view of a seventh embodiment of the electric motor; Figure 8A is a partial cut away perspective view of a eighth embodiment of the electric motor; and, Figure 8B is a perspective view of a support incorporated in the embodiment shown in Figure 8A.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to Figures IA and lB, a first embodiment of the electric motor includes magnetic field means in the form of three separate magnets 12A 12C (referred to in general as "magnets 12") each producing a magnetic field having lines of flux B extending in the first direction perpendicularly into the page. A support in the form of disc 14 is provided that is capable of two dimensional motion relative to the magnets 12 in the plane of the page. The disc 14 is provided with a minimum of two, and in this particular case three, electrically conductive paths in the form of conductor coils CA, CB and C. (referred to in general as "conductive paths"; "coils"; or "paths" C).
Throughout this specification and claims the expression "the disc (or support) is provided with electrically conductive paths" is to be construed as meaning that either the disc (support) has attached, fixed or otherwise coupled to it electrical conductors forming the paths, as shown for example in Figures 1-4; or, that the disc (support) is made of an electrically conductive material and does by itself provide or constitute the electrically conductive paths as shown for example in Figures 5-8B.
-6- Consider for the moment the conductor path or coil CA and its corresponding magnet 12A.
The path CA has a segment 16A that extends through the magnetic field B produced by the magnet 12A in a second direction preferably, but not essentially, perpendicular to the first direction, ie perpendicular to the lines of flux produced by magnet 12A. Further the segment 16A extends with a circumferential aspect relative to the centre of the disc 14. If a current is caused to flow in the coil CA say in the clockwise direction then the interaction of that current and magnetic field will produce a transverse thrust force TA that acts on the disc 14 via the segment 16A. The precise direction of the thrust force TA is provided by the right hand rule and thus, in this scenario will be directed in the upward direction in the plane of the page. The remaining coils or paths Ca and Cc likewise have corresponding segments 16B and 16C that extend in a direction perpendicular to the lines of magnetic flux of corresponding magnets 12B and 12C. Therefore, if electric currents are caused to flow in paths Ca and Cc say in the clockwise direction then similarly thrust forces TB and TC will be produced that act on the disc 14 via the respective segments 16B and 16C and in directions as dictated by the right hand rule. The segments 16A and 16B (and indeed in this instance also segment 16C) are located relative to each other so that their respective thrust forces TA and TB do not lie on the same axis or line. By having two thrust forces directed along different axes or lines, two dimensional motions of the disc 14 can be achieved.
Moreover, the path of motion of the disc 14 can be controlled by varying the magnitude and/or phase relationship of the electric currents flowing through the segments 16A 16C (referred to in general as "segments 16").
In its simplest form, consider the situation where electric current is supplied to coil CA only 0 in the clockwise direction. Thrust force TA is produced which causes the disc 14 to move in 25 the direction of the thrust force. If coil CA is now de-energised and coil CB energised the disc 14 will move in a direction parallel to thrust force TB which is angularly offset by 1200 from the direction of thrust force TA. If coil CB is de-energised and coil Cc energised the disc 14 will move in the direction of corresponding thrust force TC which is angularly offset by a further 1200 from thrust force TB. By repeating this switching process, it can be seen that the disc 14 can be caused to move in a triangular path in a plane, ie it can move with Stwo dimensional motion in a plane. A digital controller (not shown) can be used to **.sequentially WO 00/30239 PCT/AU99/01005 -7provide DC currents to coils CA Cc at various switching rates and various amplitudes for control of the motion of the disc 14. Also, the path of motion can be modified by causing an overlap in currents supplied to the segments. For example, current can be caused to flow in both coils CA and C B simultaneously, perhaps also with modulated amplitudes.
In this embodiment, three separate coils CA, CB and Cc are shown. However. as is clearly apparent to produce two dimensional motion in a plane a minimum of two coils, for example CA and CB, only is sufficient, provided the respective thrust forces TA and TB do not act along the same axis or line. Stated another way, what is required for a two dimensional motion is that there is a minimum of two coils relatively disposed so that when their thrust forces are acting on the disc 14 they cannot produce a zero resultant thrust force on the disc (except when both the thrust forces themselves are zero).
Rather than the triangular motion described above, the disc 14 can be caused to move with a circular orbital motion by energising the coils CA, CB and Cc with AC sinusoidal currents that are 1200 (electrical) out of phase with each other.
It is to be appreciated that the circular orbital motion is not a rotary motion about an axis perpendicular to the disc 14, ie the disc 14 does not act as a rotor in the conventional sense of the word. In the present embodiment, if each of the coils CA, CB and Cc were connected to different phases in the three phase sinusoidal AC current supply, of the type represented by Figure 1C, the disc 14 would move in a circular orbital motion. This arises because the total resultant force, ie the combination of TA, TB and TC is of constant magnitude at all times. The difference in phase between the coils CA, C 8 and Cc leads to the direction of the resultant force simply rotating about the centre of the disc 14. This is an angular linear force, not a torque. The frequency of the motion of disc 14 is synchronous with the frequency of the AC current to the coils CA, CB and Cc. Thus, the motion frequency of disc 14 can be varied by varying the frequency of the supply voltage/current. A non-circular WO 00/30239 PCT/AU99/01005 -8orbit can be produced by providing coils CA, CB and with currents that are other than 1200 out of phase and/or of different amplitude.
In the embodiment shown in Figures I A and I B, the disc 14 is made of a material that is an electrical insulator and the coils CA, CB and C. are wire coils that are fixed for example by glue or epoxy to the disc 14. The coils CA CB and C. have separate leads (not shown) that are coupled to a voltage supply (not shown). The magnets 12 have a C-shaped section as shown in Figure 1B providing an air gap 18 through which lines of flux B extend. The segments 16 of each of the coils C are located in the air gaps 18 of their corresponding magnets 12.
Figure 2 illustrates an alternate form of the motor 10i0 which differs from the embodiment shown in Figure 1 by replacing the separate magnets 12A, 12B and 12C with a single magnet 12 in the form of a Cockcroft ring and in which the disc 14 is provided with six conductive paths or coils CA CF. In order to reduce weight, the disc 14 is provided with six apertures or cut-outs 20 about which respective ones of conductive paths C extend. A multi-conductor cable 22 extends from a six phase power supply (not shown) to a central point 24 on the disc 14 where respective conductor pairs fan out to the coils C. The six phase is required for the coils CA CF can be obtained from a conventional star or delta three phase power supply by tapping off the reverse polarities of each phase.
In the motor 10 shown in Figure 2, each conductive path or coil C has a segment 16 that is disposed in the air gap 18 of the magnet 12. As with the previous embodiment, when current is caused to flow through the segments 16, the transverse force is created due to the interaction between the current and the magnetic flux B, the transverse force is acting on the disc 14 via the respective segments 16. It will be recognised that many different pairs of segments, (eg 16A,16F; 16A,16C; 16B,16D etc) are relatively located to each other so that their respective thrust forces are not parallel in the plane of motion of the disc 14. Consequently, the disc 14 is again able to move in a two dimensional planar motion. The fact that thrust forces produced on diametrically opposed segments are parallel does not negate the WO 00/30239 PCT/AU99/01005 -9existence of other thrust forces that do not act along the same axis or line to enable the generation of the two dimensional planar motion.
In order to avoid rubbing of components and reduce friction, the disc 14 may be supported on one or more resilient mounts, eg rubber mounts or springs so that is not in physical contact with the magnet 12.
It would be understood that if the electric machine 10 in Figure 2 is completely turned over, a conventional grinding head can be attached to the disc 14 for grinding a mineral sample. The orbital motion of the disc 14 would produce the required forces to cause a puck or grinding rings within the grinding head to grind a mineral sample. However, unlike conventional pulverising mill, the frequency of the orbital motion can be changed at will by varying the frequency of the AC supply to the coils C. Further, the actual path and/or diameter of motion can be varied from a circular orbit to any desired shape by varying the phase and/or magnitude relationship between the currents in the coils C while the machine is in motion.
A further embodiment of the electric motor 10iii is shown in Figure 3. In the electric motor 10ii instead of each coil C being physically connected by a conductor to a current supply through multi-connector cable 22, current for each coil C is produced by electromagnetic induction using transformers 26A-26E (referred to in general as "transformers Further, the conductive paths (ie coils C) are now multi-turn closed loops. The disc 14 includes in addition to the apertures 20, a plurality of secondary apertures 28A 28F (hereinafter referred as "secondary apertures one secondary aperture 28 being located adjacent a corresponding primary aperture with the apertures 20 and 28 being separated by a portion of the coils C extending about the particular primary aperture 20. Each transformer 26 has a core 30 and a primary winding 32. The primary winding 32 may be in the form of two physically separated though electrically connected coils located one above and one below the plane of the disc 14. The core 30 of each transformer links with one of the coils C so that that coil C acts as secondary windings. This interlinking is achieved by virtue of the core 30 looping through adjacent pairs of apertures 20 and 28. It will WO 00/30239 PCT/AU99/01 005 be appreciated that a current flowing through the primary winding 32 of a transformer 26 will induce the current to flow about the linked coil C. The apertures and 28, and core 30 are relatively dimensioned to ensure that the disc 14 does not impact or contact the core 30 as it moves in its two dimensional planar motion. The transformers 26 are supported separately from the disc 14 and thus do not add any inertial effects to the motion of the disc 14. By using induction to cause currents to flow through the coils C the need to have a physical cable or connection as exemplified by multiconductor cable 22 in the motor 10 is eliminated. This is seen as being particularly advantageous as cables or other connectors may break due to fatigue caused by motion of the disc 14 and also add weight and thus inertia to the disc 14.
Figure 4 illustrates a further embodiment of the electric motor 10iv. This motor differs from motor 10i by forming the respective conductive paths C with a single turn closed loop conductor rather than having multi-turn coils as previously illustrated. Replacing a multi-turn wire coil with a single solid loop has no adverse effects. The single solid loop behaves the same as the multi-turn coil with the same total cross-sectional area, where the current in the single loop equals the current in each turn of the coil multiplied by the number of turns, thereby giving the same resultant thrust force. Again, as with the previous embodiments, the motion of the disc 14 can be controlled by the phase and/or magnitude relationship of electric currents flowing through the segments 16 of each conductive path, ie conductive loop
C.
Figure 5 illustrates yet a further embodiment of the electric motor 10v. This is a most remarkable embodiment as the conductive paths C are electrically connected together. In the motor 10, the disc 14 is now in the form of a wheel having a central hub 34, a plurality of spokes 36 extending radially outwardly from the hub 34 and an outer peripheral rim 38 joining the spokes 36. Apertures 20 similar to those of the previous embodiments are now formed between adjacent spokes 36 and the sectors of the hub 34 and rim 38 between the adjacent spokes 36. The disc 14 is made of an electrically conductive and most preferably non-magnetic material such WO 00/30239 PCT/AU99/01005 11 as aluminium. The current paths are constituted by the parts of the disc 14 surrounding or bounding an aperture 20. For example, conductive paths CA (shown in phantom) comprises the spokes 36A and 36B and the sectors of the hub 34 and 38 between those two spokes. Conductive path CB is constituted by spokes 36B and 36C and the sectors of the hub 34 and 38 between those two spokes. The sector of the rim 38 between adjacent spokes form the segment 16 for the conductive path containing those spokes. It is apparent that adjacent conductive paths C share a common spoke, (ie have a common run or leg). Each transformer 26 links with adjacent apertures 20 and has, passing through its core 30 one of the spokes 36.
Consider for the moment transformer 26B. The core of this transformer passes through adjacent apertures 20A and 20B with the spoke 36B extending transversely through the core 30 of transformer 26B. The current induced into spoke 36B by the transformer 26B is divided between current paths CB and CA. Thus the transformer 26B, when energised, induces a current to flow through both paths CA and CB. In like fashion, each of the transformers 26 can induce the current to flow in respective adjacent conductive paths C. The state of the transformers will determine the current division between adjacent conductive paths. Hence, the sectors of the rim 38 between adjacent spokes 36 and the currents flowing through them act in substance the same as the segments 16 in the motors 10, Figure 6 illustrates a further embodiment of the electric motor 10,i. This motor differs from electric motor 10s, by replacing the separate transformers 26 with a multi-phase toroid shaped transformer dubbed a "transoid" 40. The transoid 4(0 can be viewed as a ring of magnetically permeable material formed with a number of windows 42 and arranged so that separate conductive spokes 36 pass through individual different windows 42. Each window 42 is bound by opposed branches 44 and 46 that extend in the plane of the disc 14 and opposed legs 48 and 50) that extend perpendicularly to and join the opposed branches 44 and 46. Primary windings 32 are placed on each of the opposed branches 44 and 46 for every window 42. (Although it should be understood that primary winding can be placed anywhere within the window 44, 46, 48, 50 with one or more primary windings being utilised in various embodiments). Primary windings 32 are coupled to a six phase WO 00/30239 PCT/AU99/01005 -12current supply in a manner so that the windings 32 for each window 42 are coupled to a different phase. Current flowing through the primary windings 32 sets up lines of magnetic flux circulating about the windows 42. This flux in turn induces the current to flow in the spoke 36 passing through that window 42 and the conductive path C to which that spoke 36 relates. It will be recognised that the majority of the flux generated about adjacent windows 42 will circulate through the common adjacent leg 48.
In comparison with the electric motor 10() shown in Figure 5, the use of the transoid makes more efficient use of its core because flux is shared from one or more primary coils. That is, magnetic flux induced by currents in primary coils about adjacent windows 42 can be shared through the common leg 48. Indeed even more distant primary coils can contribute to the flux in that leg.
A further embodiment of electric motor 10vii is shown in Figure 7. This embodiment differs from the motor 10, shown in Figure 5 in the configuration of the Cockcroft ring 12. In this embodiment, the air gap 18 of the Cockcroft ring is on the outer circumferential surface of the Cockcroft ring rather than on the inside surface as shown in Figure 5. Additionally, a plurality of radially extending slots 52 are formed in the Cockcroft ring 12 through which the spokes 36 can pass. The slots 52 must be sufficiently wide to not inhibit the motion of the disc 14.
In the embodiments of the electric motor 10ii 10ii there are six segments 16 through which current flows to produce respective transverse forces that act on the disc 14.
However, this can be increased to any number. Conveniently however the number of segments 16 will be related to the number of different phases available from a power supply used for driving the motor 10. For example, the motor 10 can be provided with 12 segment 16 through which current can flow by use of a 12 phase supply. In this instance, therefore, transformers are used to induce currents to flow in each segments, there will be required either 12 separate transformers 26 as shown in Figures 4, 5, and 7 or alternately a twelve window transoid WO 00/30239 WO 0030239PCT/AU99/0 1005 13 In the afore-described embodiments, the motion of the support 14 is a two dimensional motion in one plane. However, motion in a second or more non-parallel planes can also be easily achieved by the addition and/or location of further segments 16 in the second or additional planes and, further means for producing magnetic fields perpendicular to the currents flowing through those additional segments. An example of this is shown in the motor 10,iii in Figures 8A and 8B in which the support 14 has one set of segments 16i and a first plane (coincident with the plane of the support 14) and a second set of segments 16 i that extend in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the support 14. The motor 10,ii as first Cockcroft 12i having an air gap 18, in which the segments 16, reside, and a second Cockcroft ring l 2 jj having an air gap l8ij in which the second set of segments l6ii reside. Thus, in this embodiment, the support 14 can move with a combined two dimensional motion in the plane of the support 14 and an up and down motion in a second plane perpendicular to the plane of the support 14. Thus, in effect, in this embodiment, the support 14 can float in space by action of the thrust forces generated by the interaction of the current flowing through segments l6ii and the magnetic field in the Cockcroft ring 12j As is apparent from Figure 8B the support 14 need not be circular in shape but can be square (as in Figure 8B) or any other required/desired shape. For the sake of clarity the means for supplying current to the segments 1 6j, l 6 ij have not been shown. The currents may be provided by direct electrical connection to a current source as in the embodiments 10, and 1Oi, or via induction as in embodiments 1ll to 1O,1w From the above description it will be apparent that embodiments of the present invention have numerous benefits over traditional machines used for generating vibratory or orbital motion. Clearly, as the motion of the disc 14 is non rotational, there is no need for bearings, lip seals, gear boxes, eccentric weights or cranks. In addition, the inertial aspects of rotation, such as a time to accelerate to speed and gyroscopic effects are irrelevant. In the embodiments of the machine lOii induction is used to cause current to flow in the segments 16 and thus commutators, brushes, and flexible electric cables are not required. It will also be apparent that the only moving part of the machine 10 is either the support 14 or the magnetic field WO 00/30239 PCT/AU99/01005 -14means 12. When the support 14 itself that carries the electric current as shown in embodiments 10, 10i, this 14 can be made from one piece only say by punching or by casting. In these embodiments the disc 14 must be made from an electrically conductive material and most preferably a non magnetic material such as aluminium, copper or stainless steel. When the machine 10 is used to generate an orbital motion from imparting to another object (for example a grinding head) there can be a direct mechanical coupling by use of bolts or screws.
The motor 10 is a force driven machine and the force it delivers is essentially unaltered by its movement. There is a small degree of back EMF evident, however the tests indicate that this is almost negligible, especially when compared with conventional rotating motors. As such, the motor 10 is able to deliver full force regardless of whether the disc 14 is moving or not. For this reason, current drawn by the motor 10 is relatively unaffected by the motion of the disc 14. This enables the motion of the disc 14 to be resisted or even stalled with negligible increase in current draw and therefore negligible increase in heat build-up.
In the conventional mechanical orbital or vibratory machines, the orbital or vibratory motion is usually fixed with no variation possible without stopping the machine to make suitable adjustments. With the motor 10, the orbit diameter is proportional to the force applied, which in turn is proportional to the currents supplied. Therefore the orbit diameter can be controlled by varying the supply voltage that regulates the current in the segment 16. This results in a linear control with instant response available, independent of any other variable. As previously mentioned, the orbit frequency is synchronous with the frequency of the supply voltage, so that orbit frequency can be varied by varying the supply frequency. The motor 10 also allows one to avoid undesirable harmonics. A common problem with conventional drive systems is that as the motor builds up speed it can pass through frequency bands coinciding with the actual harmonic frequencies of various attached mechanisms that can then lead to uncontrolled resonance that can destroy the machine or parts thereof.
The disc 14 however is able to start at any desired frequency and does not need to ramp up from zero speed to a required speed. In this way any undesired harmonics WO 00/30239 PCT/AU99/01005 can be avoided. Particularly, the motor 10 can be started at the required frequency with a zero voltage (and hence zero orbit diameter) and then the voltage supply can be increased until the desired orbit diameter is reached.
If no control over the orbit diameter or frequency is required, the motor 10 can be connected straight to a mains supply so that the frequency will be fixed to the mains frequency. Nevertheless, full control is not difficult or costly to achieve. Existing motor controllers, which utilise relatively simple electronics with low computing requirements can be adapted to suit the motor 10. Because voltage supplies can be controlled electronically, the motor 10 can be computer driven. This enables preset software program for safety features to be built into the supply controller allowing its operation to be reprogrammed at any time. The addition of feedback sensors can allow various automatic features such as collision protection. When the disc 14 is mounted on rubber supports, it can be considered as a spring-mass system. As such, it will have a harmonic or resonance frequency at which very little energy is required to maintain orbital motion at that frequency. If the machine 10 is only required to run at one frequency, the stiffness of the rubber supports can be chosen such that resonance coincides with this frequency to reduce the power losses and hence improve the machines efficiency.
While the description of the preferred embodiments mainly describes the disc 14 as moving in an orbit, depending on the capabilities of the controller for the supply, ie the ability to vary phase relationships and amplitudes of the supply current, the disc 14 can produce any shaped motion within the boundaries of its maximum orbit diameter.
Embodiments of the motor 10 can be used in many different applications such as pulverising mills as previously described, cone crushers, sieve shakers, vibrating screens, vibratory feeders, stirrers and mixers, orbital sanders, orbital cutting heads.
Further in the described embodiments the motion of the support/disc 14 relative to the magnetic field means 12 is achieved by having the support/disc 14 movable and PCT/AU99/01005 Received 15 December 2000 -16 the magnetic field means 12 fixed. However this can be reversed so that the support/disc 14 is fixed or stationary and the magnetic field means 12 moves. This may be particularly useful when it is required to impart and maintain, for example a vibratory motion to a large inertial mass. Also, it is preferred that the segments 16 extend through the magnetic field B at right angles to maximise the resultant thrust force. Clearly embodiments of the invention can be constructed where the segments 16 are not at right angles, though they must have some component of their direction at right angles to the field B to produce a thrust force.
Further, it is well known in the art that an electric motor, when driven by a mechanical input can act as an electricity generator. For this reason it is often more accurate to refer to the motor or generator generically as a "machine". When provided with an electrical input the machine acts as a motor producing a mechanical output (such as the motion of the disc 14, above). Conversely when provided with a mechanical input to a rotor or other moving part of the machine (eg the disc 14) the machine acts as a generator, producing an electrical output.
For example with reference to Figure 2, if the disc 14 where attached to a mechanical drive such as a crank to produce an orbital motion in the disc 14, electric currents would be induced in coils CA CF which could be tapped via cable 22. Thus the motor 1 Oi could act as a generator. Similarly each of the illustrated motors 10 in Figures 1A and 3-8A could act as generators by simply coupling the disc 14 to known mechanical drives.
All modifications and variations as would be apparent to those skilled in the arts are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention the nature of which is to be determined from the above description and following claims.
AMENDED
SHEET
IPNA/AU

Claims (26)

1. An electric machine comprising: a magnet producing lines of magnetic flux extending through an air gap in a first direction formed by oppositely disposed magnetic poles; and, a support capable of at least two dimensional motion in a single plane relative to the said magnet, said support provided with at least two electrically conductive paths each having a current carrying segment, said segments disposed in and extending across said lines of magnetic flux in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the said first direction, and extend with a circumferential aspect to a plane containing the said support and wherein interaction of an electric current flowing through a particular segment and the said magnetic flux produces a thrust force to cause said motion of said support relative to said magnet.
2. The machine according to claim 1 wherein said support comprises at least three electrically conductive paths, each path having a segment which extends with a circumferential aspect relative to a centre of said support, said segments equally spaced from each other and disposed in and extending across said lines of magnetic flux within said air gap in a second direction substantially perpendicular to said first direction and wherein a first one of said segments is disposed at a non-diametrically opposed location o relative to a second one of said segments. S: 25 3. The electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the said magnet is configured to define a space in which said support is disposed and to provide access to oo.ooi both a top and bottom surface of said support. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the said magnet 30 is in the form of a closed loop and provides a common polarity flux in the said air gap. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the said magnet S. has an innermost side in which said air gap is formed. oo:o -18-
6. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the said magnet has an outermost side in which said air gap is formed.
7. The electric machine according to any of claims 1-6, wherein each electrically conductive path comprises a single turn of conductive material, and each said segment carries a single phase of electric current through said lines of magnetic flux within the said air gap.
8. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein said support is disposed relative to said magnet so that said segments are centrally located within the air gap.
9. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the said support has a central aperture.
10. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-9, further comprising a controller to provide electric current to each segment via said electrically conductive paths to provide variable relative motion between said support and said magnet, said relative motion determined by one or more of magnitude and phase relationship of the supplied electric currents.
11. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-10, further comprising an induction device associated with said electrically conductive paths for inducing o currents to flow through said electrically conductive paths. *i 25 12. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein said support is free of any electrical cable or terminal connection.
13. The electric machine according to claim 11, wherein said induction device is supported separately from said support. S14. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein said support is made of electrically conductive material and is provided with a plurality of S apertures, wherein at least one of said electrically conductive paths and its -19- corresponding segment are constituted by portions of said support that extend about one of said apertures. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein said support is made of an electrically conductive material and is in the form of a wheel having a central portion, spokes extending radially outward from said central portion, and an outer rim joining said spokes, respective apertures being defined in said wheel between adjacent spokes and sectors of said central portion and rim between said adjacent spokes, and wherein each electrically conductive path comprises two spokes and respective sectors of said central portion and said rim extending between said two spokes.
16. The machine according to claim 14, further comprising an induction device associated with said electrically conductive paths for inducing currents to flow through said electrically conductive paths wherein said induction device comprises a plurality of wound cores, each wound core having a core body made from a magnetically permeable material which interlinks adjacent apertures and an electric coil wound about said core.
17. The electric machine according to claim 15, further comprising an induction device associated with said electrically conductive paths for inducing currents to flow through said electrically conductive paths said induction device including: oooo a core formed into a closed loop and provided with a plurality of windows 25 through which respective spokes of said support pass, each window bound by opposed •branches of said core that extend in planes lying parallel to said support and opposed •legs of the core that extend in planes perpendicular to said support; and, a plurality of electrically conductive coils, at least one coil wound about at least one of the branches or legs of each window.
18. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein the number S•of segments is equal to the number of electric phases supplied to said support.
19. The machine according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein said support is made of electrically conductive material and said segments are constituted by sections of said support, said segments being short circuited to each other.
20. The machine according to any one of claims 1-10, further comprising a transformer, said transformer including a primary winding and at least one secondary winding, said secondary winding constituted by said support whereby, when electrical current is passed through said primary winding, current is induced to flow through said support and said segments.
21. The electric machine according to any one of claims 2-9, further comprising a controller for providing said electrically conductive paths each with a different phase of a three phase sinusoidal AC supply, each of said phases being 120 degrees out of phase with each other.
22. The electric machine according to claim 21, wherein said relative motion generated is in the form of a circular orbital motion.
23. The electric machine according to claim 22, wherein said motion is of a frequency which is synchronous with the frequency of the AC supply to the said electrically conductive paths.
24. An electric machine comprising: 25 a magnet producing lines of magnetic flux extending through an air gap in a first S•o: direction; and, ooo •i a support provided with at least three electrically conductive paths, each path 3 having a segment, said segments equally spaced from each other and disposed in and extending across said lines of magnetic flux in a second direction substantially perpendicular to said first direction, said segments further extending with a circumferential aspect to a plane containing of said support; a first one of said segments disposed at a non-diametrically opposed location -21- relative to a second one of said segments; said support and magnet moveable relative to each other where said motion includes two dimensional motion in a single plane; a coupling for mechanically coupling said support to a mechanical input that moves said support relative to said magnet to induce electric current to flow in said conductive paths,, whereby said electric machine acts as an electric generator. An electric machine according to claim 24, wherein each conductive path is provided with a lead that carries current generated from the conductive path.
26. An electric machine according to claim 25, wherein each lead is connected to a common junction.
27. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-9, further comprising a controller for providing said electrically conductive paths with a DC electric current.
28. The machine according to claim 1 wherein said air gap is a first of first and second air gaps through which lines of magnetic flux extend; and, said support is capable of non-rotary motion in at least two dimensions in said single plane and motion in a second plane wherein said single and second planes are not parallel to each other, said support provided with said at least two electrically conductive paths, each having a segment lying in a plane parallel to said single plane and disposed 25 in said first air gap, and at least two further electrically conductive paths each having a segment lying in a plane parallel to said second plane and disposed in said second air gap;
29. An electric machine comprising: a magnet producing magnetic fields having lines of flux extending through a plurality of air gaps: a movable support, said support provided with first and second sets of ::electrical conductors, each set of electrical conductors having two or more segments electrical conductors, each set of electrical conductors having two or more segments -22- lying in respective non parallel common planes, each segment extending with a circumferential aspect to said support and where two of the segments of each set are not located diagonally opposite each other; said segments of each set of conductors disposed in respective air gaps; and, orientated so that respective thrust forces generated thereon by interaction of respective electrical currents flowing through said segments and said magnetic fields induces motion along or about respective axes in said planes. A method for controlling motion of a support comprising: providing said support with two or more electrically conductive paths each path having a segment that extends with a circumferential aspect relative to a centre of said support; providing one or more air gaps through which lines of magnetic flux extend said air gaps formed by oppositely disposed magnetic poles; providing respective AC currents to said segments; disposing said segments in respective ones of said air gaps, said segments further disposed so that thrust force generated by interaction of respective AC currents flowing through said segments and said magnetic flux induces two dimensional 25 motion of said support in a single plane containing said support or said magnets; and, controlling one or more of the amplitude, frequency, polarity and phase of said AC electrical currents fed to respective segments to control said thrust forces and thereby control said motion of said support.
31. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1-27, wherein said magnet is one of a plurality of magnets each of which is formed with an air gap through which lines of magnetic flux pass, and wherein individual segments are disposed in respective air gaps. -23-
32. An electric machine including at least: a plurality of magnets each having an air gap through which lines of magnetic flux extend said air gaps formed by oppositely disposed magnetic poles; and, a support provided with at least three electrically conductive paths, each path having a segment which extends with a circumferential aspect relative to a centre of said support, said segments equally spaced from each other and disposed in respective air gaps and extending across said lines of magnetic flux in said air gap in a direction substantially perpendicular to said lines of magnetic flux; a first one of said segments disposed at a non-diametrically opposed location relative to a second one of said segments; said support and magnets moveable relative to each other where said motion includes two dimensional motion in a single plane containing said support or said magnets; wherein interaction of an electric current flowing through a particular segment and the said lines of magnetic flux create a thrust force to drive said relative motion of said support and magnets.
33. An electric machine including at least: a support provided with a plurality of electrically conductive paths, each path having a segment lying in a plane substantially perpendicular to a plane of said support, wherein any two segments are relatively disposed to each other at a non-diametrically opposed :location; S"providing one or more magnets having one or more air gaps through which lines of magnetic flux extend; ~respective said segments disposed in one of said air gaps and extending substantially perpendicular to said lines of magnetic flux; wherein interaction of respective electric currents flowing through said segments and S"said magnetic flux produces respective thrust forces acting on said support via a respective segment along an axis perpendicular to said plane of said support.
34. An electric machine substantially as herein described with reference to and as 0: 0:: 0 -24- illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Dated this 29th day of December 2003. MERLEX CORPORATION PTY LTD By Its Patent Attorneys GRIFFITH HACK Fellows Institute of Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys of Australia
AU15350/00A 1998-11-13 1999-11-12 Electric motor Ceased AU770692B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AU15350/00A AU770692B2 (en) 1998-11-13 1999-11-12 Electric motor

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPP7124A AUPP712498A0 (en) 1998-11-13 1998-11-13 Electric motor
AUPP7124 1998-11-13
AU15350/00A AU770692B2 (en) 1998-11-13 1999-11-12 Electric motor
PCT/AU1999/001005 WO2000030239A1 (en) 1998-11-13 1999-11-12 Electric motor

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4864276A (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-09-05 Motorola, Inc. Very low-profile motor arrangement for radio pager silent alerting
US5036239A (en) * 1988-08-26 1991-07-30 Tokyo Parts Electronic Co., Ltd. Flat coreless vibrator motor
US5793133A (en) * 1994-09-16 1998-08-11 Shicoh Engineering Co., Ltd. Flat vibration generating apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4864276A (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-09-05 Motorola, Inc. Very low-profile motor arrangement for radio pager silent alerting
US4864276C1 (en) * 1988-06-03 2001-01-09 Motorola Inc Very low-profile motor arrangement for radio pager silent alerting
US5036239A (en) * 1988-08-26 1991-07-30 Tokyo Parts Electronic Co., Ltd. Flat coreless vibrator motor
US5793133A (en) * 1994-09-16 1998-08-11 Shicoh Engineering Co., Ltd. Flat vibration generating apparatus

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