AU743216B2 - Apparatus and method for capturing a series of video frames - Google Patents
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- AU743216B2 AU743216B2 AU42435/99A AU4243599A AU743216B2 AU 743216 B2 AU743216 B2 AU 743216B2 AU 42435/99 A AU42435/99 A AU 42435/99A AU 4243599 A AU4243599 A AU 4243599A AU 743216 B2 AU743216 B2 AU 743216B2
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Description
1W S F Ref: 466637
AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT
C
ORIGINAL
Name and Address of Applicant:
C.
Canon Kabushiki Kaisha 30-2, Shimomaruko 3-chome Ohta-ku Tokyo 146
JAPAN
C.
Actual Inventor(s): Address for Service: James Robert Metcalfe Spruson Ferguson, Patent Attorneys Level 33 St Martins Tower, 31 Market Street Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia Invention Title: ASSOCIATED PROVISIONAL [31] Application No(s) PP5420 Apparatus and Method for Frames APPLICATION DETAILS [331 Country
AU
Capturing a Series of Video [32] Application Date 21 August 1998 The following statement is a full description of this invention, Including the best method of performing it known to me/us:- 5815 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CAPTURING AND REPRODUCING A SERIES OF VIDEO FRAMES Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a video capture apparatus, a video replay apparatus, and associated methods, for capturing and replaying a series of video frames having associated level of interest signals. The invention has been developed primarily for use with amateur video cameras and live video capture, and will be described hereinafter with reference to these applications. However, it will appreciated that the. invention is not limited to these fields of use.
Background Since the introduction of home video cameras, amateur recording of various events has grown immensely in popularity. Video cameras themselves have decreased in size and cost, to a point where they are accessible to a majority of consumers. Such video cameras typically include "record", "play", "fast forward", "rewind" and "stop" buttons for controlling recording and playback of captured video frames. Various other features, such as date stamping of frames and automatic zoom, are usually included to S"improve the usability and desirability of the product.
Unfortunately, when recording a particular event, it is difficult for a camera operator to know in advance when something of significance will happen. Typically, it is not feasible to simply await the commencement of the event prior to starting recording, as, particularly with transient events, critical aspects will be missed as the camera initialises itself and begins the recording process.
An alternative is to record relatively long sequences of video frames, which is time consuming and typically produces a large amount of relatively uninteresting footage. The resultant video is often a tedious recording of an event, the majority of the footage being of little interest, even to the author of the video.
One solution to this problem is to edit out relatively uninteresting parts at a later date. However, this is a time consuming process which involves expensive equipment, and as a result, is an option only rarely undertaken by amateurs. Also, whilst the relatively uninteresting parts may not be of great interest for regular viewing, there may be some desire, from time to time, to see all information recorded at an event, including the relatively less interesting parts. For this reason, deletion of all but the most interesting points of a video recording is often unacceptable.
466637 CFP46637AU MMedia16 [I:\ELEC\CISRA\MMEDIA\MMEDIA 16466637.doc:LDP Where editing is acceptable, one way of improving the efficiency thereof is to locate "cuts" in the series of video frames, where one scene ends and another commences.
However, whilst this may be of some help in locating the start of a particular scene, there are generally too many cuts for this method to useful, and the position of any relatively interesting parts of the video with respect to the cuts is not predictable.
Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to overcome or at least substantially ameliorate one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a video capture apparatus for capturing a series of video frames, the video capture apparatus comprising: level of interest (LOI) input means operable by a user of the video capture apparatus to generate a LOI signal indicative of the user's interest in a scene being captured, said LOI signal having a range of more than two values; and 15 LOI recording means for recording the LOI signal with each corresponding video frame being captured.
eeo:.Preferably, the LOI input means is configured to enable a user to select any one of a plurality of levels of interest for recording with the video frames being captured.
In a preferred embodiment, the LOI input means is a key, button or switch eooeo mounted on an exterior casing of the video apparatus. Desirably, the LOI indicated by the LOI signal is related to pressure applied to the key or button by a user, and is preferably proportional to that pressure. Alternatively, the LOI input means is a slider or rotary dial, the LOI signal being generated on the basis of a selected position of the slider or rotary dial at a given point in time.
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a video replay apparatus for replaying a series of video frames in accordance with a level of interest (LOI) signal associated with the video frames, the apparatus comprising: video replay means for reproducing the video frames from a video frame source; LOI extraction means for extracting said LOI signal associated with each frame in the series of video frames, said LOI signal having a range of more than two values; and replay control means for controlling the video replay means in reliance on the extracted LOI signal.
466637.doc -3- Preferably, the video replay apparatus includes LOI threshold selection means for setting a LOI threshold, the replay control means being configured to select frames having an associated LOI signal above or below the LOI threshold.
Preferably, the video replay apparatus further includes LOI display means for displaying a summary of the LOI signals associated with sum or all of the series video frames.
In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of identifying a level of interest within a series of video frames, said method comprising the steps of: capturing a video frame; sampling an associated LOI value from LOI input means operable by a user, said LOI value having a range of more than two values; and recording the captured video frame and associated LOI to a video storage medium, such that a series of the video frames can be reproduced from the video S• 15 storage medium based on their associated LOI values.
ve In accordance with a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a video capture apparatus for capturing a series of video frames, said video capture apparatus comprising: input means operable by a user of the video capture apparatus to generate a signal indicative of the user's level of interest in a scene being captured, said signal having a range of more than two values; and recording means for recording said signal and said video frames upon a common recording medium.
Other aspects of the present invention are also disclosed.
o° Brief Description of the Drawings A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a simplified perspective view of a video capture apparatus and a scene to be captured; Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing the basic steps in a method of recording a level of interest associated with one or more frames in a series during video capture thereof; and Fig. 3 is a display plotting a level of interest (LOI) with respect to time for a series of video frames recorded by the apparatus of Figure 1.
466637.doc 3a Detailed Description including Best Mode Fig. 1 shows a video capture apparatus in the form of a video camera 101 for capturing a series of video frames. The video camera 101 includes an array of operating buttons 102, including a PLAY button 104, a STOP button 106, a FAST FORWARD button 108, a REWIND button 110, and a RECORD button 111. A level of interest (LOI) input means in the form ofa LOI button 112 is also provided. The video camera 101 also includes standard features such as a viewfinder 114, a casing 116, a video cassette slot 118 to accept a video cassette 120, and an objective lens 122.
°o *e 466637.doc A user (not shown, for clarity) points the video camera 101 generally towards a scene 124, in this illustration formed of a person standing beside a tree.
The basic steps involved in implementing a preferred embodiment of the invention can now be described with reference to Fig. 2.
The user uses the video camera 101 to record, in this case, the scene 124. The record button 111 is depressed at step 201, this causing the video camera 101 to initiate recording of scene 122 at step 202. The procedure required to initiate recording in this fashion is well known by those in the art, and may include such substeps as unspooling tape from the video cassette 120 and wrapping it around a recording head (not shown but well known in the art), commencing rotation of the recording head and starting movement of the tape thereacross. A charge-coupled device (also not shown but :.:•similarly well known) or other transducer is then used to capture an image of the scene 124 formed thereon by objective lens 122.
ae The image passing through objective lens 122 is captured and formatted into a frame as indicated at step 203. Simultaneously or immediately thereafter, a LOI input selected by the user via the LOI button 112 is sampled at step 204, and recorded to the video cassette 118 in step 205 along with the formatted frame captured in step 203.
The captured frame and associated sampled LOI value can be recorded to the video cassette 120 by any suitable means. In an analog format, such as VHS, the LOI 20 associated with a particular frame can be recorded as an analog signal in the vertical blanking interval immediately before or after the associated frame, in a similar fashion to the way TELETEXT (trade mark) information is recorded. In this way, the tape can S"be replayed by a prior art video playback device.
If the video frames are recorded via a digital method, the LOI signal can be recorded alongside each frame in a separate data field. Many digital formats, such as MPEG-4, provide private data fields, which can store the LOI signal for each frame.
Once the video camera 101 is in operation, the user can input his or her subjective level of interest in a number of ways. For example, where the LOI button 112 is formed by a simple switch, the level of interest may be varied by the rate at which the button is pressed. No pressing may be intepreted as a low level of interest, infrequent pressing. as a moderate level of interest, and continuous pressing as a high level of interest. As a consequence a range of levels of interest may be recorded.
Alternatively, the LOI button 112 may be pressure sensitive, such that an increase in pressure of depression is interpreted as a corresponding increase in the level of interest in the scene being recorded. Such an LOI signal is essentially continuous 466637C17346637AU MMedia16 [I:\ELEC\CISRA\MMEDIA\MMEDIA16]466637.doc:LDP (analog) and may be recorded as such in analog systems such as VHS. Alternatively, such a signal may be digitised prior to recording to give specific quantum levels of interest that may be discriminated against at some later time.
Preferably, more than two levels of interest are are available to be recorded as such allows scope for the emotive and subjective response of the user of the camera 101 and also subsequently for the audience of the recorded footage as interpreted by the LOI signal.
The subjective LOI is recorded with the frames as they are captured by the video camera 101, the frames and level of interest signal being recorded to the video cassette 118 as described above.
When the user wishes to finish recording, determined at step 206, the STOP button is pressed at step 207.
*o The video camera 101 also represents an embodiment of a video replay apparatus for replaying a series of video frames in accordance with a LOI associated therewith, as discussed below. However, the invention can also be embodied in standard video cassette machines, optical disc players or any playback means suitable for the medium on which the frames are recorded.
The LOI information can be used in a number of ways during playback of the video frames. In one embodiment, the speed of playback is a function of the LOI signal for the frame currently being replayed. For example, areas of the recorded tape flagged as being of a low interest are played back relatively quickly, whilst areas of relatively high interest are played back at normal speeds.
To ensure that frames of relatively high interest are not missed, in one embodiment the LOI signals are read slightly ahead of the actual video frames being reproduced, such that the video replay speed slows down shortly before the actual area of high LOI is replayed. This forward reading can be achieved by several methods, depending upon the nature of the storage device.
For example, in the analog embodiment, the LOI information is preferably stored in a different (advance) portion of the thpe than the video frames to which the LOI relates, making it easier to detect the area of relatively high level of interest before it is reached. For example, the LOI information can be stored along an edge of the video tape, rather than being mixed with the video frames which necessitates recording using the rotary video head. A stationary head displaced from the rotary head can be used to read the LOI information from the edge of the tape for a particular frame before that frame is itself read by the rotary head.
4666,(37 -P46637A[J MMedia16 [I:\ELEC\CISRA\MMEDIA\MMEDIA I6]466637.doc:LDP In a digital device, various known digital delay or read forward methods and mechanisms can be used to introduce a lag between the LOI being read and the frame being reproduced. In the case of a random access digital medium such as a digital optical disc, hard disc drive, or random access memory, the requisite lag can be introduced by relatively simple software manipulation during playback.
In an alternative embodiment, the LOI button 112 and RECORD button 111 can be combined into a single combination key (not shown). Initially, depressing the combination key commences the recording process, whilst subsequent pressure applied by the user generates a LOI signal for recording with the captured video frames, as described in more detail above. In yet another embodiment, the LOI input means can take the form of a turnable knob or a slider, the relative position of which denotes the users level of interest at a given time.
STurning to Fig. 3, there is shown a graphical summary of the LOI with respect 1 to time for a particular series of video frames. First and second preselected thresholds T1 and T2 are shown on the vertical LOI axis, whilst corresponding subseries of frames P1 and P2 are shown on the horizontal time/frames axis.
This graphical summary of LOI information associated with the series of frames can be shown, for example, either on a blank screen or superimposed over video replay. A user can manually select a replay start point on the basis of the displayed LOI information, and replay controller within a video cassette player will either fast forward the cassette tape or select the appropriate frames from random access storage for reproduction on the display.
As shown in Fig. 3, the user can select a LOI threshold, whereby a replay controller controls the replay apparatus such that only video frames having an LOI above the selected threshold are replayed. For example, selecting a relatively high threshold T2 results in replay of a relatively small sub-series P1 of the series of video frames. Selecting a lower LOI threshold T1 results in replay of a larger subseries P2 of the series of video frames. A user can experiment with different threshold levels, until a satisfactory compromise between the number of frames selected and their subjective levels of interest is reached.
The LOI signals associated with the video frames can also be used to automatically produce a printout of relatively interesting parts of the tape. A method similar to that described above can be used to select a subseries of relatively interesting frames. Alternatively, peaks in the LOI signals are used to indicate frames of relatively high interest. A number of frames are selected from the subseries for storage or 466637 CFI'46,637AU MMedia16 [I:\ELEC\CISRA\MMEDIA\MMEDIA 16]466637.doc:LDI reproduction. The selected frames can then form the basis of a summary page recorded at the start of the series of frames to be replayed.
The selected frames can be printed, optionally in "thumbnail" format, for storage with the cassette tape or other storage medium as a reminder of their content.
In yet another embodiment, the selected frames are reprinted using a relatively high quality printer, and used to create the equivalent if a still-image camera photo album.
Also, the selected frames can be stored on a computer or the like, and used to form a "virtual album" to be viewed on a computer monitor.
For a given LOI threshold and its associated subseries of video frames, a search can be made to select particular frames for use in still-image albums or contents pages as discussed in previous claims. In one embodiment, a search of the frames having an associated LOI above the selected threshold is automatically made on the basis of image content. Preferably, the search is based on an edge detection or sharpness assessment of the content of the video frames, which results in a relatively o high probability of automatic selection of a frame of correspondingly high interest.
Whilst the embodiments so far described have considered the use of a variable LOI level, the LOI button can also be implemented in a "binary" mode, in which only a "yes" or "no" LOI signal is recorded. In such embodiments, the camera is used to mimic the function of a still image camera whilst continuous recording is underway.
During recording, the binary LOI button is selectively depressed to indicate a scene of particular interest, a "yes" LOI signal being recorded alongside the frame being captured. Frames captured when the LOI button is not depressed either have no LOI S°signal recorded with them, or an explicit "no" LOI signal. The frames which have been annotated with a "yes" can be reproduced as either a thumbnail summary or a series of images representing the highlights of the series of video frames, as described in earlier claims.
In an alternative embodiment, the LOI signal for each frame can be measured and stored automatically, without the user having to consciously vary pressure on a button or key, or set a dial or slider. One way of achieving this is to use a bio-sensor to measure involuntary physical responses and generate a LOI signal based on the instantaneous relative output of the bio-sensor. The bio-sensor can be any suitable type, and can measure such quantities as: skin impedance; pulse rate; eye position and movement; 466637 CFP46637AU MMedia16 [I:\ELEC\CISRA\MMEDIA\MMEDIA 16]466637.doc:LDP -8pupil dilation; eyebrow position and movement; and mouth shape.
In most of these cases, the basic bio-sensor output will vary from user to user, and so typically a relative measurement will need to be made. Accordingly, it is necessary for the bio-sensor and associated LOI signal generation means to "learn" a user's basic physical responses over time such that a relative LOI signal is produced in accordance with changes in the user's physical responses.
Although the invention has been described with reference to a number of specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms.
In the context of this specification, the word "comprising" means "including principally but not necessarily solely" or "having" or "including" and not "consisting only of". Variations of the word comprising, such as "comprise" and "comprises" 15 have corresponding meanings.
go °go°° 46,6637 CFP46637AU MMedia16 [I:\ELEC\CISRA\MMEDIA\MMEDIA 16]466637.doc:LDP
Claims (9)
1. A video capture apparatus for capturing a series of video frames, said video capture apparatus comprising: level of interest (LOI) input means operable by a user of the video capture apparatus to generate a LOI signal indicative of the user's interest in a scene being captured, said LOI signal having a range of more than two values; and LOI recording means for recording the LOI signal with each corresponding video frame being captured.
2. A video capture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the LOI input means is configured to enable a user to select any one of a plurality of levels of interest for recording with the video frames being captured. 15
3. A video capture apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the LOI input means comprises an actuator mounted on an exterior of the video capture apparatus.
4. A video capture apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the LOI indicated by the LOI signal is related to pressure applied to the actuator by a user.
5. A video capture apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the LOI indicated by the LOI signal is proportional to the pressure applied to the actuator by a user. o
6. A video capture apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the LOI input means comprises a slider or rotary dial, the LOI signal being generated on the basis of a selected position of the slider or rotary dial at a given point in time.
7. A video capture apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the LOI input means comprises one or more bio-sensors, a relative output of the bio-sensors being interpreted to provide said LOI signal.
8. A video capture apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the bio-sensors measure one or more of the user's skin impedence, pulse rate, eye position, pupil dilation, eyebrow position, and mouth shape.
466637.doc
9. A video replay apparatus for replaying a series of video frames in accordance with a level of interest (LOI) signal associated therewith, said apparatus comprising: video replay means for reproducing video frames from a video frame source; LOI extraction means for extracting a LOI signal associated with each frame in the series of video frames, said LOI signal having a range of more than two values; and replay control means for controlling the video replay means in reliance on the extracted LOI signal. A video replay apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising LOI threshold selection means for setting a LOI threshold, said replay control means being configured to select frames having an associated LOI signal above or below the LOI threshold. 11. A video replay apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising LOI display means for displaying a summary of the LOI signals associated with some or all of S• 15 the series of video frames. 12. A video replay apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the summary of LOI signals is graphically displayed on a display monitor. 13. A method of identifying a level of interest within a series of video frames, said method comprising the steps of: C capturing a video frame; 2(b) sampling an associated LOI value from LOI input means operable by a Suser, said LOI value having a range of more than two values; and recording the captured video frame and associated LOI to a video storage medium, such that a series of the video frames can be reproduced from the video storage medium based on their associated LOI values. 14. A method according to claim 13 wherein steps precedes step A method according to claim 13 wherein steps and occur simultaneously. 16. A video capture apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein said video frames are recorded upon a recording medium and said LOI signal is recorded upon cR said recording medium. 466637.doc -11 17. A video capture apparatus for capturing a series of video frames, said video capture apparatus comprising: input means operable by a user of the video capture apparatus to generate a signal indicative of the user's level of interest in a scene being captured, said signal having a range of more than two values; and recording means for recording said signal and said video frames upon a common recording medium. 18. A video capture apparatus according to claim 17 wherein said signal is formed in a manner at least partly dependent upon an emotive response of the user to the scene being captured. 19. A video capture apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said input means is 15 configured to generate a substantially continuous intermediate signal that is modified to form said signal. 20. A video capture apparatus substantially as described herein with reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings. 21. A method of identifying a level of interest within a series of video frames substantially as described herein with reference to Fig. 2 of the drawings. S* 22. A video recording system substantially as described herein with reference to the drawings. 23. A video reproduction system substantially as described herein with reference to the drawings. DATED this twenty first Day of November 2001 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Patent Attorneys for the Applicant SPRUSON FERGUSON 466637.doc
Priority Applications (1)
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AU42435/99A AU743216B2 (en) | 1998-08-21 | 1999-08-02 | Apparatus and method for capturing a series of video frames |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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AUPP5420A AUPP542098A0 (en) | 1998-08-21 | 1998-08-21 | Apparatus and method for capturing a series of video frames |
AUPP5420 | 1998-08-21 | ||
AU42435/99A AU743216B2 (en) | 1998-08-21 | 1999-08-02 | Apparatus and method for capturing a series of video frames |
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AU743216B2 true AU743216B2 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
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AU42435/99A Ceased AU743216B2 (en) | 1998-08-21 | 1999-08-02 | Apparatus and method for capturing a series of video frames |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2394851A (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-05 | Hewlett Packard Co | A camera having a user operable control for producing a saliency signal representative of a user's interest in a scene being imaged |
Citations (3)
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EP0558306A2 (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1993-09-01 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Recording and reproducing apparatus |
JPH05284450A (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Edit device |
JPH07170488A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1995-07-04 | Sharp Corp | Animation picture recording and reproducing device |
-
1999
- 1999-08-02 AU AU42435/99A patent/AU743216B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0558306A2 (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1993-09-01 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Recording and reproducing apparatus |
JPH05284450A (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Edit device |
JPH07170488A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1995-07-04 | Sharp Corp | Animation picture recording and reproducing device |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2394851A (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-05 | Hewlett Packard Co | A camera having a user operable control for producing a saliency signal representative of a user's interest in a scene being imaged |
GB2395083A (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-12 | Hewlett Packard Development Co | Controlling camera operation based on a saliency signal produced by user operation of a user control |
GB2395083B (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2006-06-28 | Hewlett Packard Development Co | Camera apparatus with saliency signal generation |
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