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AU2020102283A4 - Shear box for simulating motion characteristics of active fault - Google Patents

Shear box for simulating motion characteristics of active fault Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2020102283A4
AU2020102283A4 AU2020102283A AU2020102283A AU2020102283A4 AU 2020102283 A4 AU2020102283 A4 AU 2020102283A4 AU 2020102283 A AU2020102283 A AU 2020102283A AU 2020102283 A AU2020102283 A AU 2020102283A AU 2020102283 A4 AU2020102283 A4 AU 2020102283A4
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Australia
Prior art keywords
shear box
groove
protrusion
plate
horizontal
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AU2020102283A
Inventor
Xiaolin Huang
Lihui Li
Shouding LI
Zhiqing Li
Fengshan MA
Shengwen QI
Siqing Qin
Yanjun Shang
Lei Xue
Xiaohui Zhang
Bowen ZHENG
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • G01N3/04Chucks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • G01N3/06Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0025Shearing

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault. The shear box includes an upper shear box and a lower shear box which are symmetrical and abut against each other through concave and convex structures. The upper shear box is provided with a protrusion, and the lower shear box is provided with a groove. After assembly, a cavity between the protrusion and the groove is used to place a simulated fault filled specimen. A serrated plate is respectively connected to a horizontal surface of the protrusion and a horizontal surface of the groove by fixing bolts to simulate a fault wall surface. Both undulation angle and height of serrations are adjusted as needed to change a roughness of a simulated fault. An ultrasonic transducer is provided in the lower shear box under the groove to measure an acoustic emission (AE) signal of the active fault during shearing. The shear box features a simple structure, convenient assembly, flexible use, good airtightness, good compatibility with the existing testers, and strong applicability. 1/6 9 10 13 FIG. 1

Description

1/6
9 10
13
FIG. 1
SHEAR BOX FOR SIMULATING MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE FAULT TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geomechanics tests for rock mass engineering, in particular to a shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Faults are geological interfaces that are ubiquitous in the earth's crust and control the incubation and occurrence of earthquakes, surface deformation and fracture, the distribution and migration of underground fluids, and the incubation of surface geological disasters. Among them, Holocene active faults have very significant motion characteristics, such as deformation rates, which pose a great threat to the safety of large-scale water conservancy projects, railway projects and nuclear power projects. Therefore, the study of the motion characteristics of active faults has important basic theoretical value for understanding the earthquake incubation process and dynamic mechanism of active faults, and is of great significance for site selection, construction design and stability evaluation of large-scale projects.
[0003] Scholars and institutions at home and abroad have studied the shear characteristics of soft-filled discontinuities (simulated faults) through a large number of laboratory shear tests. In particular, the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS) has independently developed a large-scale dynamic shear test system for rock mass discontinuities, which can perform dynamic shear tests of faults with different strain rates. However, the shear box used in the test has the following defects: 1. In the traditional shear box, under the action of tangential and normal loads, the filling particles in the simulated fault are easily squeezed out of the shear crack, resulting in distortion of the result, and easily causing the shear box to deviate from the shear direction during the sliding process. 2. The serrated structure provided by the existing shear box for simulating the roughness of the fault plane is usually connected to the shear box as a whole, and cannot be disassembled or replaced, thus failing to meet the test requirements of various roughness.
[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the overflow of the filling particles in the simulated fault under the action of tangential and normal loads and to conduct the shear test of the simulated fault specimens with different roughness.
SUMMARY
[0005] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, an objective of the present invention is to provide a shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault. The present invention achieves more accurate measurement, more flexible installation and more realist results.
[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
[0007] A shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault includes an upper shear box and a lower shear box, where the upper shear box and the lower shear box abut against each other through concave and convex structures; a protrusion is provided at the bottom of the upper shear box, and a groove is provided at the top of the lower shear box; a gap is left between the groove and the protrusion after abutting, and the gap is used for placing a simulated fault filled specimen; a serrated plate is provided on a bottom surface of the protrusion and a top surface of the groove respectively to simulate a fault wall surface; an ultrasonic transducer is provided inside the lower shear box under the groove.
[0008] Preferably, the protrusion and the groove have the same length and width, and both have a rectangular cross section.
[0009] Preferably, the upper shear box includes a horizontal top plate that bears a normal load and the protrusion disposed on a bottom surface of the horizontal top plate and integrally formed with the horizontal top plate; the bottom surface of the protrusion is parallel to a top surface of the horizontal top plate; one end surface of the protrusion along a length direction is flush with a side surface of the horizontal top plate, and the other end surface thereof is spaced a certain distance apart from a side surface of the horizontal top plate; the protrusion is provided with a positioning corner at one end flush with the side surface of the horizontal top plate.
[0010] Preferably, the upper shear box further includes a baffle; the baffle is provided with two threaded holes, which abut against the end of the protrusion flush with the side surface of the horizontal top plate and are fixed at the positioning corner by two bolts.
[0011] Preferably, four threaded holes are provided on the bottom surface of the protrusion; the serrated plate connected with the protrusion is also provided with four threaded holes, and the serrated plate is provided on the bottom surface of the protrusion by four bolts.
[0012] Preferably, he lower shear box includes a horizontal bottom plate that bears a normal load and the groove provided on a top surface of the horizontal bottom plate and integrally formed with the horizontal bottom plate; a bottom surface of the groove is parallel to a bottom surface of the horizontal bottom plate; one end of the groove in a length direction penetrates a side surface of the horizontal bottom plate, and the other end thereof is spaced a certain distance apart from a side surface of the horizontal bottom plate; the groove is provided with a positioning corner at one end flush with the side surface of the horizontal bottom plate.
[0013] Preferably, a cylindrical cavity for accommodating the ultrasonic transducer is provided in a center of the lower shear box; the cylindrical cavity communicates with the bottom surface of the groove.
[0014] Preferably, the lower shear box further includes a cover plate; a stepped circular hole is provided in a center of the cover plate, and an axis of the circular hole is collinear with an axis of the cylindrical cavity.
[0015] Preferably, the bottom surface of the groove is provided with four threaded holes, and the cover plate is also provided with four threaded holes; the serrated plate and the cover plate are provided on the bottom surface of the groove by four bolts, and the serrated plate is stacked on the cover plate; an area of the serrated plate is the same as an area of the bottom surface of the protrusion excluding the positioning corner, and is the same as an area of the bottom surface of the groove excluding the positioning corner.
[0016] Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer includes a convex cylindrical metal spacer, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, a disc-shaped metal spacer and a spring connected in order from top to bottom; a bottom end of the spring is connected to the bottom of the cylindrical cavity; the ultrasonic transducer further includes a lead wire connected to an ultrasonic tester.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects: 1. Concave and convex structures are provided to prevent specimen particles from being squeezed out of the shear box in the test process, which improves the accuracy of test results and keeps the specimen intact. 2. After upper and lower shear boxes are assembled through the concave and convex structures, they move relative to each other in a fixed direction, which prevents the shear box from deviating from the shear direction due to operating errors during the sliding process. 3. A serrated plate is provided on the shear box to simulate the discontinuities of the parent rock, and the undulation angle and height of serrations are adjusted as needed to adapt to the roughness of a simulated fault wall surface. Therefore, the shear box can perform various tests. 4. An ultrasonic transducer is provided in a lower shear box under a groove to measure acoustic emission (AE) signals of different types of specimens under different loads in real time.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] To describe the technical solutions in the examples of the present invention or in the prior art more clearly, the accompanying drawings required for the examples are briefly described below. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description show merely some examples of the present invention, and a person of ordinary skill in the art may still derive other accompanying drawings from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts. FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault according to the present invention. FIG. 2(a) is a front view of the shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault according to the present invention, where an upper shear box is located at a displacement zero position. FIG. 2(b) is a front view of the shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault according to the present invention, where the upper shear box is located at a preset test position.
FIG. 3(a) is a front view of the shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault according to the present invention, where the upper shear box is located at a displacement zero position. FIG. 3(b) is a top view of the shear box for simulating b characteristics of an active fault according to the present invention, where the upper shear box is located at a preset test position. FIG. 4(a) is a sectional view A-A of FIG. 3(a). FIG. 4(b) is a sectional view A-A of FIG. 3(b). FIG. 5 is a left view the shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the upper shear box according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a top view of a lower shear box according to the present invention. Reference Numerals: 1. upper shear box; 2. lower shear box; 3. serrated plate; 4. baffle; 5. fixing bolt; 6. cover plate; 7. convex cylindrical metal spacer; 8. piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 9. disc-shaped metal spacer; 10. spring; 11. simulated fault specimen; 12. protrusion; 13. groove; 14. ultrasonic transducer; and 15. cylindrical cavity.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The technical solutions in the examples of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the examples of the present invention. Apparently, the described examples are merely a part rather than all of the examples of the present invention. All other examples obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the examples of the present invention without creative efforts should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0020] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, an objective of the present invention is to provide a shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault.
[0021] In order to make the above objectives, features and advantages of the present invention more understandable, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed examples.
[0022] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, a shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault in this example includes an upper shear box 1 and a lower shear box 2. The upper shear box 1 and the lower shear box 2 abut against each other through concave and convex structures. A protrusion 12 is provided at the bottom of the upper shear box 1, and a groove 13 is provided at the top of the lower shear box 2. The protrusion 12 and the groove 13 have the same length and width, and both have a rectangular cross section. The protrusion and the groove are combined to form a three-sided-closed rectangular parallelepiped space for placing a simulated fault specimen. A gap is left between the groove 13 and the protrusion 12 after abutting, and the gap is used for placing a simulated fault filled specimen 11. A serrated plate 3 is provided on a bottom surface of the protrusion 12 and a top surface of the groove 13 respectively to simulate a fault wall surface. Both undulation angle and height of serrations are adjusted as needed to set different roughness. An ultrasonic transducer 14 is provided inside the lower shear box 2 under the groove 13 to measure an acoustic emission (AE) signal of the specimen. A cylindrical cavity 15 for accommodating the ultrasonic transducer 14 is provided in a center of the lower shear box 2. The cylindrical cavity 15 communicates with the bottom surface of the groove 13. The ultrasonic transducer 14 includes a convex cylindrical metal spacer 7, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8, a disc-shaped metal spacer 9 and a spring 10 connected in order from top to bottom. A bottom end of the spring is connected to the bottom of the cylindrical cavity 15. The ultrasonic transducer 14 further includes a lead wire connected to an ultrasonic tester.
[0023] In this specific example, the upper shear box 1 includes a horizontal top plate that bears a normal load and the protrusion 12 disposed on a bottom surface of the horizontal top plate and integrally formed with the horizontal top plate. The bottom surface of the protrusion 12 is parallel to a top surface of the horizontal top plate. One end surface of the protrusion 12 along a length direction is flush with a side surface of the horizontal top plate, and the other end surface thereof is spaced a certain distance apart from a side surface of the horizontal top plate. The protrusion 12 is provided with a positioning corner at one end flush with the side surface of the horizontal top plate. The upper shear box 1 further includes a baffle 4. The baffle 4 is provided with two threaded holes, which abut against the end of the protrusion 12 flush with the side surface of the horizontal top plate and are fixed at the positioning corner by two bolts 5. Specifically, a vertical surface of the positioning corner of the protrusion 12 is provided with two threaded holes. A baffle 4 is fixed at the positioning comer of the protrusion 12 by two bolts 5. The other end of the baffle abuts against a vertical surface of a positioning corner of the groove 13 to prevent particles from overflowing from the specimen after shearing.
[0024] In this specific example, four threaded holes are provided on the bottom surface of the protrusion 12. The serrated plate 3 connected with the protrusion is provided with four threaded holes, and the serrated plate 3 is fixed on the bottom surface of the protrusion 12 by four bolts 5.
[0025] In this example, the lower shear box 2 includes a horizontal bottom plate that bears a normal load and the groove 13 provided on a top surface of the horizontal bottom plate and integrally formed with the horizontal bottom plate. A bottom surface of the groove 13 is parallel to a bottom surface of the horizontal bottom plate. One end of the groove 13 in a length direction penetrates a side surface of the horizontal bottom plate, and the other end thereof is spaced a certain distance apart from a side surface of the horizontal bottom plate. The positioning corner is provided at one end of the groove 13 flush with the side surface of the horizontal bottom plate.
[0026] In this specific example, the lower shear box 2 further includes a cover plate 6. A stepped circular hole is provided in a center of the cover plate 6, and an axis of the circular hole is collinear with an axis of the cylindrical cavity 15. The bottom surface of the groove 13 is provided with four threaded holes, and the cover plate 6 is also provided with four threaded holes. The serrated plate 3 and the cover plate 6 are provided on the bottom surface of the groove 13 by four bolts 5, and the serrated plate 3 is stacked on the cover plate 6. An area of the serrated plate 3 is the same as an area of the bottom surface of the protrusion 12 excluding the positioning corner, and is the same as an area of the bottom surface of the groove 13 excluding the positioning corner.
[0027] A large circle diameter of the stepped circular hole is the same as a diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8, so as to position the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8 by the convex cylindrical metal spacer. The threaded holes correspond to those on the horizontal bottom surface of the groove 13, so as to fix the serrated plate 3 and the cover plate 6 on the horizontal bottom surface of the groove 13 by the fixing bolts 5. In case no fault specimen is placed, after the upper and lower shear boxes are integrated, serrations of the two serrated plates 3 mesh with each other. Double ends of the baffle 4 closely fit a horizontal plane of the positioning corner of the protrusion 12 and a horizontal plane of the positioning corner of the groove 13, respectively. All parts of the shear box are made of the same low-carbon steel material except the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8 and the spring 10.
[0028] A shear test for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault by using the shear box of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
[0029] First, a layer of petroleum jelly is applied on each contact surface of the shear box to ensure low sliding friction between upper and lower shear boxes. Then a normal load provided by a normal cylinder is applied to a shear surface of a simulated fault specimen 11 through the upper shear box 1 and a serrated plate 3, and a shear load provided by a tangential cylinder is applied to the upper shear box 1 to push the upper shear box out at a constant speed, so that the tangential load acts on the shear surface of the simulated fault specimen 11. A displacement length of the specimen in the shear box along a shear direction is less than a thickness of a baffle 4 to prevent particles from being squeezed out of the shear box. A moving speed, 0.001-1,000 mm/s, of the lower shear box 2 is determined according to test requirements. During the test, a force sensor and a displacement sensor record test data, and an ultrasonic transducer 14 measures AE signals of different types of specimens under different load conditions. The signals are transmitted to the ultrasonic tester through a lead wire. Finally, the test is stopped when the lower shear box 2 moves to a preset position. A distance between the preset position and a displacement zero point is between 0 and the thickness of the baffle 4.
[0030] Several examples are used for illustration of the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the examples is used to help illustrate the method and its core principles of the present invention. In addition, those skilled in the art can make various modifications in terms of specific examples and scope of application in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. In conclusion, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (5)

What is claimed is:
1. A shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault, comprising an upper shear box (1) and a lower shear box (2), wherein the upper shear box (1) and the lower shear box (2) abut against each other through concave and convex structures; a protrusion (12) is provided at the bottom of the upper shear box (1), and a groove (13) is provided at the top of the lower shear box (2); a gap is left between the groove (13) and the protrusion (12) after abutting, and the gap is used for placing a simulated fault filled specimen (11); a serrated plate (3) is provided on a bottom surface of the protrusion (12) and a top surface of the groove (13) respectively to simulate a fault wall surface; an ultrasonic transducer (14) is provided inside the lower shear box (2) under the groove (13).
2. The shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion (12) and the groove (13) have the same length and width, and both have a rectangular cross section; wherein the upper shear box (1) comprises a horizontal top plate that bears a normal load and the protrusion (12) disposed on a bottom surface of the horizontal top plate and integrally formed with the horizontal top plate; the bottom surface of the protrusion (12) is parallel to a top surface of the horizontal top plate; one end surface of the protrusion (12) along a length direction is flush with a side surface of the horizontal top plate, and the other end surface thereof is spaced a certain distance apart from a side surface of the horizontal top plate; the protrusion (12) is provided with a positioning corner at one end flush with the side surface of the horizontal top plate; wherein the upper shear box (1) further comprises a baffle (4); the baffle (4) is provided with two threaded holes, which abut against the end of the protrusion (12) flush with the side surface of the horizontal top plate and are fixed at the positioning comer by two bolts (5); wherein four threaded holes are provided on the bottom surface of the protrusion (12); the serrated plate (3) connected with the protrusion is also provided with four threaded holes, and the serrated plate (3) is provided on the bottom surface of the protrusion (12) by four bolts (5).
2. The shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault according to claim 1, wherein the lower shear box (2) comprises a horizontal bottom plate that bears a normal load and the groove (13) provided on a top surface of the horizontal bottom plate and integrally formed with the horizontal bottom plate; a bottom surface of the groove (13) is parallel to a bottom surface of the horizontal bottom plate; one end of the groove (13) in a length direction penetrates a side surface of the horizontal bottom plate, and the other end thereof is spaced a certain distance apart from a side surface of the horizontal bottom plate; the groove (13) is provided with a positioning corner at one end flush with the side surface of the horizontal bottom plate.
4. The shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault according to claim 3, wherein a cylindrical cavity (15) for accommodating the ultrasonic transducer (14) is provided in a center of the lower shear box (2); the cylindrical cavity (15) communicates with the bottom surface of the groove (13); wherein the lower shear box (2) further comprises a cover plate (6); a stepped circular hole is provided in a center of the cover plate (6), and an axis of the circular hole is collinear with an axis of the cylindrical cavity (15); wherein the bottom surface of the groove (13) is provided with four threaded holes, and the cover plate (6) is also provided with four threaded holes; the serrated plate (3) and the cover plate (6) are provided on the bottom surface of the groove (13) by four bolts (5), and the serrated plate (3) is stacked on the cover plate (6); an area of the serrated plate (3) is the same as an area of the bottom surface of the protrusion (12) excluding the positioning corner, and is the same as an area of the bottom surface of the groove (13) excluding the positioning comer.
5. The shear box for simulating motion characteristics of an active fault according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer (14) comprises a convex cylindrical metal spacer (7), a piezoelectric ceramic sheet (8), a disc-shaped metal spacer (9) and a spring (10) connected in order from top to bottom; a bottom end of the spring is connected to the bottom of the cylindrical cavity (15); the ultrasonic transducer (14) further comprises a lead wire connected to an ultrasonic tester.
FIG. 1 1/6
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AU2020102283A 2020-08-19 2020-09-16 Shear box for simulating motion characteristics of active fault Ceased AU2020102283A4 (en)

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CN113155388A (en) * 2021-04-26 2021-07-23 常州大学 Salt rock gas reservoir takes intermediate layer chamber wall vibrations deformation simulation experiment device under fault effect
CN113533102A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-22 新疆石河子职业技术学院(石河子市技工学校) Novel fruit and vegetable maturity detector
CN114594004A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-06-07 昆明理工大学 An Improved Shear Box of Direct Shear Instrument
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CN102435509B (en) * 2011-12-02 2013-04-03 北京航空航天大学 Test device and test method for measuring shearing strength characteristics on different shearing surfaces
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CN110411822B (en) * 2019-07-15 2020-02-14 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 Shearing box for testing cyclic shearing characteristics of rock mass structural plane

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112924125A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-06-08 北京市劳动保护科学研究所 Three-dimensional model soil box, system and method for testing field vibration isolation effect of vibration isolation barrier
CN113155388A (en) * 2021-04-26 2021-07-23 常州大学 Salt rock gas reservoir takes intermediate layer chamber wall vibrations deformation simulation experiment device under fault effect
CN113533102A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-22 新疆石河子职业技术学院(石河子市技工学校) Novel fruit and vegetable maturity detector
CN114594004A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-06-07 昆明理工大学 An Improved Shear Box of Direct Shear Instrument
CN115311933A (en) * 2022-08-29 2022-11-08 江汉大学 A soil-rock fault simulation device
CN115311933B (en) * 2022-08-29 2023-03-07 江汉大学 A soil-rock fault simulation device

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