AU2007258383B2 - Static progressive surface region in optical communication with a dynamic optic - Google Patents

Abstract

An ophthalmic lens is presented in which the lens includes a progressive addition region and a dynamic optic. The dynamic optic and the progressive addition region are in optical communication. The progressive addition region has an add power which Is less than a user's neat viewing distance add power. The dynamic optic, when activated, provides the additional needed optical power for the wearer to see clearly at a near distance. This combination leads to the unexpected result that not only does the wearer have the ability to see clearly at intermediate and near distances, but the level of unwanted astigmatism, distortion, and vision compromise are reduced significantly.

Description

WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 Static Progressive Suiface Region in Optical Communication with a Dynamic Optic Inventors: Ronald D, Blun, William Kokonaski, Venkatramani S. Iyer, and Joshua N., Haddock CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [001] This application claims priority from and incorporates by reference in their entirety the following provisional applications: U S Serial No.. 60/812,625 filed on 12 June 2006 and entitled "Progressive Region Surface in Optical Communication with Blended Near Region"; U S. Serial No.. 60/812,952 filed on 13 June 2006 and entitled "Progressive Region Area in Optical Communication with Blended Neat Optical Zone"; U S. Serial No.. 60/854,707 filed on 27 October 2006 and entitled "Static Progressive Surface Region in Optical Communication with a Dynamic Optic"; and U S. Serial No.. 60/876,464 filed on 22 December 2006 and entitled "Advanced Ophthalmic Lens, Design, & Eyewear System Having Progressive Power Region".. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention (002] The present invention relates to multifocal ophthalmic lenses, lens designs, lens systems, and eyewear products or devices utilized on, in or about the eye. More specifically, the present invention relates to multifocal ophthalmic lenses, lens designs, lens systems, and eyewear products which provide an optical effect/ end result that in most cases reduces unwanted distortion, unwanted astigmatism, and vision compromises associated with Progressive Addition Lenses to a very acceptable iange for the wearer. Description ofthe Prior Art [003] Presbyopia is the loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens of the human eye that often accompanies aging. This loss of accommodation results in an inability to focus on near distance objects. The standard tools for correcting presbyopia are multifocal ophthalmic lenses. A multifocal lens is a lens that has more than one focal length (i.e optical power) for correcting focusing problems across a range of distances.. Multifocal ophthalmic lenses work by means of a division ofthe lens's area into regions of different optical powers Typically, a relatively large 1 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 area located in the upper portion of the lens conects for far distance vision en-ors, if any.. A small area located in the bottom portion of the lens provides additional optical power for correcting near distance vision enrors caused by presbyopia. A multifocal lens may also contain a small region located near the middle portion of the lens which provides additional optical power for correcting intermediate distance vision errors.. [004] The transition between the regions of' different optical power may be either abrupt, as is the case for bifocal and ti ifocal lenses, or smooth and continuous, as is the case with Progressive Addition Lenses.. Progressive Addition Lenses arc a type of multifocal lenses that comprise a gradient of continuously increasing positive dioptric optical power from the beginning of the far distance viewing zone of the lens to the near distance viewing zone in the lower portion of the lens.. This progression of optical power generally starts at approximately what is known as the fitting cross or fitting point of the lens and continues until the full add power is realized in the neat distance viewing zone and then plateaus. Conventional and state-of-the-art Progressive Addition Lenses utilize a surface topography on one or both exterior surfaces of the lens shaped to create this progression of optical power. Progressive Addition Lenses are known within the optical industry when plural as PALs or when singular as a PAL. PAL lenses are advantageous over traditional bifocal and trifocal lenses in that tiey can provide a user with a lineless, cosmetically pleasing multifocal lens with continuous vision correction when focusing on -objects at a far distance to objects at a near distance or vice versa {005] While PALs are now widely accepted and in vogue within the USA and throughout the world as a correction for presbyopia, they also have serious vision compromises. These compromises include but are not limited to unwanted astigmatism, distortion, and perceptual blur These vision compromises may affect a user's horizontal viewing width, which is the width of the visual field that can be seen clearly as a user looks from side to side while focused at a given distance. Thus, PAL lenses may have a narrow horizontal viewing width when focusing at an intermediate distance, which can make viewing a large section of a computer screen difficult. Similarly, PAL lenses may have a narrow horizontal viewing width when focusing at a near distance, which can make viewing the complete page ofa book or newspaper difficult. Far distance vision may be similarly affected. PAL lenses may also present a difficulty to a wearer when playing sports due to the distortion of the lenses., Additionally, because the optical add power' is placed in the bottom region of the PAL lens, the wearer must tilt his or her head back to make use-of this region when viewing an object above his or her head which is located at a near or intermediate distance.. Contrastingly, when a wearer is descending 2 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 stairs and assumes a downward glance, a near distance focus is provided by the lens instead of the far distance focus necessary to see one's feet and the stairs clearly.. Thus, the wearer's feet will be out of focus and appear blunred. In addition to these limitations, many wearers of PALs experience an unpleasant effect known as visual motion (often referred to as "swim") due to the unbalanced distortion that exists in each. of the lenses. In fact, many people refuse to wear such lenses because of this effect. [006] When considering the near optical power needs of a presbyopic individual, the amount of near optical power required is directly related to the amount of accommodative amplitude (near distance focusing ability) the individual has left in his oz eyes. Generally, as an individual ages the amount of accommodative amplitude decreases. Accommodative amplitude may also decrease foi various health reasons. Therefore, as one ages and becomes more presbyopic, the optical power needed to conect one's ability to focus at a near viewing distance and an intermediate viewing distance becomes'stronger in terms of the needed dioptric optical add power. By way of example only, an individual 45 years old may need +1 00 diopters of near viewing distance optical power to see clearly at a near point distance, while an individual 80 years old may need +2.75 diopters to +3.00 diopters of near viewing distance optical power to see clearly at the same near point distance. Because the degree of vision compromises in PAL lenses increases with dioptric optical add power, a more highly presbyopic individual will be subject to greater vision compromises.. In the example above, the individual who is 45 year s of age will have a lower level of distortion associated with his or her lenses than the individual who is 80 years of age. As is readily apparent, this is the complete opposite of what is needed given the quality of life issues associated with being elderly, such as frailty or loss of dexterity Prescription multifocal lenses that add compromises to vision function and inhibit safety are in sharp contrast to lenses that make lives easier, safer, and less complex. [007] By way of example only, a conventional PAL with a +1 OOD near optical power may have approximately +1OOD or less of unwanted astigmatism. However a conventional PAL with a +2..50D near optical power may have approximately +2.75D or more of unwanted' astigmatism while a conventional PAL with a +3.25D near point optical power may have approximately +3.75D or more of unwanted astigmatism. Thus, as a PAL's near distance add power increases (for example a +2 50D PAL compared to a +.OOD PAL), the unwanted astigmatism found within the PAL increases at a greater than linear rate with respect to the near distance add power.. 3 More recently, a double-sided PAL has been developed which has a progressive addition surface topography placed on each side of the lens. The two progressive addition surfaces are aligned and rotated relative to one another to not only give the appropriate total additive near distance add power required, but also to have the unwanted astigmatism created by the PAL on one surface of the lens counteract some of the unwanted astigmatism created by the PAL on the other surface of the lens. Even though this design somewhat reduces the unwanted astigmatism and distortion for a given near distance add power as compared to traditional PAL lenses, the level of unwanted astigmatism, distortion and other vision compromises listed above still causes serious vision problems for the wearer. Therefore, there is a pressing need to provide a spectacle lens and/or eyewear system that satisfies the vanity needs of presbyopic individuals and at the same time corrects their presbyopia in a manner that reduces distortion and blur, widens the horizontal viewing width, allows for improved safety, and allows for improved visual ability when playing sports, working on a computer, and reading a book or newspaper. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In an embodiment of the invention, an ophthalmic lens for a user having a fitting point may include a progressive addition region having a channel, wherein the progressive addition region has an add power therein. The ophthalmic lens may further include a dynamic optic in optical communication with the progressive addition region having an optical power when activated. In an embodiment of the invention, an ophthalmic lens for a user having a fitting point may include a progressive addition region having a channel, wherein the progressive addition region has an add power therein. The ophthalmic lens may further include a dynamic optic in optical communication with the progressive addition region having an optical power when activated, wherein the dynamic optic has a top peripheral edge located within approximately 15 mm of the fitting point. Certain exemplary embodiments can provide an ophthalmic lens for a user comprising: a progressive addition region; and a tunable dynamic optic in optical communication therewith having a tunable optical power when said tunable dynamic optic is tuned with the application of electrical energy, mechanical energy or force and where said optical power of said tunable dynamic optic when added to said add power of said progressive addition region is substantially equal to the user's near distance add power vision correction; a blend zone associated with said dynamic optic; and/or a sensor for controlling said optical power; wherein: said progressive addition region has an add power therein; said add power is less than the user's near distance add power vision correction; 4 said add power is approximately 50% of the user's near distance add power vision correction; said add power is between approximately 30% and approximately 70% of the user's near distance add power vision correction; said optical power when added to said add power is substantially equal to the user's near viewing distance add power; said progressive addition region is located on a front surface of the lens; said progressive addition region is located on a back surface of the lens; said progressive addition region is embedded within the lens; said dynamic optic is located on a front surface of the lens; said dynamic optic is located on a back surface of the lens; said dynamic optic is embedded within the lens; said dynamic optic is an electro-active optic; said dynamic optic is a meniscus lens; said dynamic optic is a fluid lens; said dynamic optic is a movable dynamic optic having at least one moving component; said dynamic optic is a gas lens; said dynamic optic is a membrane lens having a membrane capable of being deformed; said add power is between approximately +0.50 diopters and approximately +1.50 diopters; said optical power is between approximately +0.50 diopters and approximately +2.25 diopters; said dynamic optic has a width between approximately 24 mm and approximately 40 mm; said progressive addition region has a channel having a length between approximately 11 and approximately 20 mm; the lens has a fitting point, and wherein at least a portion of a top peripheral edge of said dynamic optic is located above the fitting point of the lens; the lens has a fitting point, and wherein a top peripheral edge of said dynamic optic is located between approximately 0 mm and approximately half of the vertical length of said dynamic optic above the fitting point of the lens; the lens has a fitting point, and wherein a top peripheral edge of said dynamic optic is located between approximately one eighth of the vertical length of said dynamic optic and approximately three eighth of the vertical length of said dynamic optic above the fitting point of the lens; said dynamic optic is not activated until the user's eye passes over a top peripheral edge of said dynamic optic; said optical power is tunable between two or more nonzero optical powers; said optical power is tunable between a positive optical power and substantially no optical power; said optical power is alterable; 4a said dynamic optic can be activated and deactivated; said dynamic optic is spaced apart from said progressive addition region; said sensor deactivates said dynamic optic when the user looks beyond an intermediate distance; said sensor activates said dynamic optic when the user looks closer than a far distance; the lens has a fitting point, and wherein an intermediate distance vision correction is provided for the user when the user looks through the fitting point when said dynamic optic is activated; the lens has a fitting point, and wherein a far distance vision correction is provided for the user when the user looks through the fitting point when said dynamic optic is deactivated; said dynamic optic is off-center relative to said progressive addition region; the lens is formed from a semi-finished blank; a top peripheral edge of said dynamic optic is located above the start of said progressive addition optical power region; the lens has a fitting point, and wherein at least a portion of a top peripheral edge of said dynamic optic is located below the fitting point; said electro-active optic comprises a surface relief diffractive element; said electro-active optic comprises pixilated electrodes; said electro-active optic comprises patterned electrodes; said electro-active optic has an oval shape; and/or the lens has a fitting point, and wherein a top peripheral edge of said dynamic optic is located within approximately 15 mm of the fitting point. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the following drawings, wherein: 4b WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 [0013] Figure 1A shows an embodiment of a low add power Progressive Addition Lens having a fitting point and a progressive addition region; {0014] Figure 1B shows a graph of optical power 130 taken along a cross section of the lens of Figure 1A, along axis line AA; [0015] Figure 2A shows an embodiment of the invention having a low add power Progressive Addition Lens combined with a much lar ger dynamic optic placed such that a portion of the dynamic optic lies above a fitting point of the lens; 10016] F igure 213 shows the combined lens of Figure 2A having a combined optical power that is created because the dynamic optic is in optical communication with a progressive addition region; [0017] Figure 3A shows an embodiment of the invention having a low add power Pr ogressive Addition Lens and a dynamic optic placed such that a portion of the dynamic optic lies above a fitting point of the lens. Figure 3A shows when the dynamic optic is deactivated, the optical power taken along a line of sight from a wearer's eye through the fitting point provides the wearer with correct far distance vision; [0018] Figure 3B shows the lens of Figure 3A. Figure 3B shows when the dynamic optic is activated, the optical power taken along a line of sight from the wearer's eye through the fitting point provides the wearer with a correct intermediate distance focusing power; [0019] Figure 3C shows the lens of Figure 3A. Figure 3C shows when the dynamic optic is activated, the optical power taken along a line of sight from the wearer's eye through the near distance viewing zone provides the wearer with a correct near distance focusing power; [0020] Figure 4A shows an embodiment of the invention having a low add power Progressive Addition Lens combined with a dynamic optic that is larger than a progressive addition region and/ or channel and located above a fitting point of the lens; [0021] Figure 4B shows the optical power that is provided by the fixed progressive addition surface or region taken along axis line AA ofF igure 4A; [0022] F igure 4C shows the optical power that is provided by the dynamic optic when activated taken along axis line AA ofF igure 4A; [0023] F igure 4D shows the combined powers of the dynamic electro-active optic and the fixed progressive addition region taken along axis line AA of Figure 4A.. F igure 4D shows that the 5 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 top and bottom distorted blend area of the dynamic electro-active optic are outside both the fitting point and the progressive addition reading area and channel; [0024] Figure SA shows an embodiment of the invention in which a dynamic optic is located below a fitting point of a low add power Progressive Addition Lens; [00251 Figure 5B shows optical powei taken along axis line AA ofF igure 5A; [00261 Figures 6A - 6C show various embodiments of the size of the dynamic optic; and [0027] Figures 7A - 7K show unwanted astigmatic contour maps comparing an existing state of-the-art Progressive Addition Lens and embodiments of the invention which include a low add power Progressive Addition Lens and a dynamic optic. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT [0028] Many ophthalmological, optometric, and optical terms are used in this application. For the sake of clarity, their definitions are listed below: [0029] Add Power: The optical power added to the far distance viewing optical power which is required for clear near' distance viewing in a multifocal lens. Fdr example, if an individual has a far distance viewing prescription of-3.00D with a +2.OOD add power for near distance viewing then the actual optical power in the near distance portion of the multifocal lens is -LOOD.. Add power is sometimes referred to as plus power. Add power may be further distinguished by refening to "near viewing distance add power" which refers to the add power in the near viewing distance portion of the lens and "intermediate viewing distance add power" which refers to the add power in the intermediate viewing distance portion of the lens. Typically, the intermediate viewing distance add power is approximately 50% of the near viewing distance add power.. -Thus, in the example above, the individual would have +1.00D add power for intermediate distance viewing and the actual total optical power in the intermediate 'viewing distance portion of the multifocal lens is -2.OOD. [0030] Approximately: Plus or minus 10 percent, inclusive. Thus, the phrase "approximately 10 mm" may be understood to mean fi-om 9 mm to 11 mm, inclusive. [0031] Blend Zone: An optical power transition along a peripheral edge of a lens whereby the optical power continuously transitions across the blend zone from a first corrective power to that of a second corrective-power or vice versa. Generally the blend'zone is designed to have as small a width as possible A per ipheil edge of a dynamic optic may include a blend zone so as 6 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 to.reduce the visibility of the dynamic optic.. A blend zone is utilized for cosmetic enhancement reasons and also to enhance vision functionality. A blend zone is typically not considered a usable portion ofthe lens due to its high unwanted astigmatism A blend zone is also known as a transition zone. [0032] Channel: The region of a Progressive Addition Lens defined by increasing plus optical power which extends from the far distance optical power region or zone to the near distance optical power region or zone. This optical power progression starts in an area of the PAL known as the fitting point and ends in the near distance viewing zone., The channel is sometimes referred to as the corridor. [0033) Channel Length: The channel length is the distance measured from the fitting point to the location in the channel where the add power is within approximately 85% of the specified near distance viewing power. [0034] Channel Width: The narrowest portion of the channel bounded by an unwanted astigmatism that is above approximately +LOOD. This definition is useful when comparing PAL lenses due to the fact that a wider channel width generally correlates with less distortion, better visual performance, increased visual comfort, and easier adaptation for the wearer [0035] Contour Maps: Plots that are generated from measuring and plotting the unwanted astigmatic optical power of a Progressive Addition Lens. The contour plot can be generated with various sensitivities of astigmatic optical power thus providing a visual picture of where and to what extent a Progressive Addition Lens possesses unwanted astigmatism as part of its optical design Analysis of such maps is typically used to quantify the channel length, channel width, reading width and far distance width of a PAL.. Contour maps may also be referred to as unwanted astigmatic power maps. These maps can also be used to measure and portray optical power in var ious parts ofthe lens. [0036] Conventional Channel Length: Due to aesthetic concerns or trends in eyewear fashion, it may be desirable to have a lens that is foreshortened vertically. In such a lens the channel is naturally also shorter. Conventional channel length refers to the length of a channel in a non foreshortened PAL lens. These channel lengths are usually, but not always, approximately 15 mm or longer,. Generally, a longer channel length means a wider channel width and less unwanted astigmatism. Longer channel designs are often associated with "SoW progressives, since the transition between far distance correction and near distance correction is softer due to the more gradual increase in optical power.. 7 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 [0037] Dynamic lens: A lens with an optical power which is alterable with the application of electrical energy, mechanical energy or force. Either the entire lens may have an alterable optical power, or only a portion, region &r zone of the lens may have an alterable optical power. The optical power of' such a lens is dynamic or tunable such that the optical power can be switched between two or more optical powers. One of the optical powers may be that of substantially no optical power. Examples of dynamic lenses include electro-active lenses, meniscus lenses, fluid lenses, movable dynamic optics having one or more components, gas lenses, and membrane lenses having a member capable of being deformed. A dynamic lens may also be referred to as a dynamic optic, a dynamic optical element; a dynamic optical zone or a dynamic optical region. 10038] Far Distance Reference Point: A reference point located approximately 3 - 4 mm above the fitting cross where the far distance prescription or far distance optical power of the lens can be measured easily. 10039] Far Distance Viewing Zone: The portion of a lens containing an optical power which allows a user to see correctly at a far viewing distance [0040] Far Distance Width: The narrowest horizontal width within the far- distance viewing portion of the lens which provides clear, mostly distortion-flee correction with an optical power within 0_25D of the wearer's far distance viewing optical power correction. [0041] Far Viewing Distance: The distance to which one looks, by way of example only, when viewing beyond the edge of one's desk, when driving a car, when looking at a distant mountain, or when watching a movie.. This distance is usually, but not always, considered to be approximately 32 inches or greater from the eye. The far viewing distance may also be referred to as a far distance and a far distance point. [0042] Fitting Cross/ Fitting Point: A reference point on a PAL that represents the approximate location of the wearer's pupil when looking straight ahead through the lens once the lens is mounted in an eyeglass frame and positioned on the wearer's face.. The fitting cross/ fitting point is usually, but not always, located 2 - 5 mm vertically above the stall t ofthe channel The fitting cross typically has a very slight amount of plus optical power ranging fiom just over +0.00 Diopters to approximately +0.12 Diopters. This point or cross is marked on the lens surface such that it can provide an easy reference point for measuring and/ or double-checking the fitting of the lens relative to the pupil of the wearer. The mark is easily removed upon the dispensing of the lens to the patient/ wearer. 8 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 [0043] Hard Progressive Addition Lens: A Progrissive Addition Lens with a less gradual, steeper transition between the far distance correction and the near distance correction.. In a hard PAL the unwanted- distortion may be below the fitting point and not spread out into the periphery of the lens. A hard PAL may also have a shorter channel length and a narrower channel width. A "modified hard Progressive Addition Lens" is a hard PAL which is modified to have a limited number of characteristics of a soft PAL such as a more gradual optical power transition, a longer channel, a wider channel, more unwanted astigmatism spread out into the periphery ofthe lens, and less unwanted astigmatism below the fitting point. [0044] Intermediate Distance Viewing Zone: The portion of a lens containing an optical power which allows a user to see correctly at an inter mediate viewing distance. [0045] Intermediate Viewing Distance: The distance to which one looks, by way of example only, when reading a newspaper, when working on a computer, when washing dishes in a sink, or when ironing clothing. This distance is usually, but not always, considered to be between approximately 16 inches and approximately 32 inches forn the eye. The intermediate viewing distance may also be referred to as an intermediate distance and an intermediate distance point.. (0046] Lens; Any device or portion of a device that causes light to converge or diverge. The device may be static or dynamic.. A lens may be refractive or diffi active., A lens may be either concave, corivex or piano on one or both surfaces.. A lens may be spherical, cylindrical, prismatic or a combination thereof. A lens may be made of'optical glass, plastic or resin. A lens may also be referred to as an optical element, an optical zone, an optical region, an optical power region or an optic. It should be pointed out that within the optical industry a lens can be referred to as a lens even if it has zero optical power. [00473 Lens Blank: A device made of optical material that may be shaped into a lens. A lens blank may be finished meaning that the lens blank has been shaped to have an optical power on both external surfaces. A lens blank may be semi-finished meaning that the lens blank has been shaped to have an optical power on only one external surface. A lens blank may be unfinished meaning that the lens blank has not been shaped to have an optical power on either external surface.. A surface of an unfinished or semi-finished lens blank may be finished by means of a fabrication process known as free-forming or by more traditional surfacing and polishing. [0048] Low Add Power PAL: A Progressive Addition Lens that has less than the necessary near add power for the wearer to see clearly at a near distance.. 9 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 [0049] Multifocal Lens: A lens having more than one focal point or optical power. Such lenses may be static or dynamic. Examples of static multifocal lenses include a bifocal lens, trifocal lens or a Progressive Addition Lens Examples of dynamic multifocal lenses include electro active lenses -whereby var ious optical powers may be created in the lens depending on the types of electrodes used, voltages applied to the electrodes and index of refraction altered within a thin layer of liquid crystal.. Multifocal lenses may also be a combination of static and dynamic. for example, an electro-active element may be used in optical communication with a static spherical lens, static single vision lens, static multifocal lens such as, by way of example only, a Progressive Addition Lens. In most, but not all, cases, multifocal lenses are refractive lenses., [0050] Near Distance Viewing Zone: The portion of a lens containing an optical power which allows a uset to see correctly at a near viewing distance. [0051] Near Viewing Distance: The distance to which one looks, by way of example only, when reading a book, when threading a needle, or when reading instructions on a pill bottle. This distance is usually, but not always, considered to be between approximately 12 inches and approximately 16 inches from the eye. The near viewing distance may also be referred to as a near distance and a near distance point, [0052] Office Lens/ Office PAL: A specially designed Progressive Addition Lens that provides intermediate distance vision above the fitting cross, a wider channel width and also a wider reading width.. This is accomplished by means of an optical design which spreads the unwanted astigmatism above the fitting cross and which replaces the far distance vision zone with that of a mostly intermediate distance vision zone. Because of these features, this type of PAL is well suited for desk work, but one cannot drive his or her car or use it for walking around the office or home since the lens contains no far distance viewing area [0053] Ophthalmic Lens: A lens suitable for vision correction which includes a spectacle lens, a contact lens, an intia-ocular lens, a corneal in-lay, and a corneal on-lay. (0054] Optical Communication: The condition whereby two or more optics of given optical power are aligned in a manner such that light passing through the aligned optics experiences a combined optical power equal to the sum ofthe optical powers ofthe individual elements. [0055] Patterned Electrodes: Electrodes utilized in an electro-active lens such that with the application of appropriate voltages to the electrodes, the optical power created by the liquid crystal is created diffiactively regardless of the size, shape, and arrangement of the electrodes. 10 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 For example, a diffractive optical effect can be dynamically produced within the liquid crystal by using concentric ring shaped electrodes. [00561 Pixilated Electrodes: Electrodes utilized in an electro-active lens that are individually addressable regardless of the size, shape, and arrangement of the electrodes Furthermore, because the electrodes are individually addressable, any arbitrary pattern of voltages may be applied to the electrodes. For example, pixilated electrodes may be squares or rectangles arranged in a Cartesian anay or hexagons arranged in a hexagonal anay. Pixilated electrodes need not be regular shapes that fit to a grid.. For example, pixilated electrodes may be concentric rings if every ring is individually addressable. Concentric pixilated electrodes can be individually addressed to create a diffractive optical effect [0057] Progressive Addition Region: A region of a lens having a first optical *power in a first portion of the region and a second optical power in a second portion of the region wherein a continuous change in optical power exists therebetween. For example, a region of a lens may have a far viewing distance optical power at one end of the region. The optical power may continuously increase in plus power across the region, to an intermediate viewing distance optical power and then to a near viewing distance optical power at the opposite end of the region. After the optical power has reached a near viewing distance optical power, the optical power may decrease in such a way that the optical power of this progressive addition region transitions back into the far viewing distance optical power. A progressive addition region may be on a surface of a lens or embedded within a lens. When a progressive addition region is on the surface and comprises a surface topography it is known as a progressive addition surface., [00581 Reading Width: The narrowest horizontal width within the near distance viewing portion of the lens which provides clear, mostly distortion free correction with an optical power within 0.25D of the wearer's near distance viewing optical power correction. [0059] Short Channel Length: Due to aesthetic concerns or trends in eyewear fashion, it may be desirable to have a lens that is foreshortened vertically.. In such a lens the channel is naturally also shorter.. Short channel length refers to the length of a channel in a foreshortened PAL lens. These channel lengths are usually, but not always between approximately 11 -mm and approximately 15 mm. Generally, a shorter channel length means a narrower channel width and more unwanted astigmatism. Shorter channel designs are often associated with "hard" progressives, since the transition between far distance correction and near distance correction is harder due to the steeper increase in optical power. 11 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 [0060] Soft Progressive Addition Lens: A Progressive Addition Lens with a more gradual transition between the far distance correction and the near distance correction. In a soft PAL the unwanted distortion may be above the fitting point and spread out into the peripheiy ofthe lens. A soft PAL may also have a longer channel length and a wider channel width. A "modified soft Progressive Addition Lens" is a soft PAL which is modified to have a limited number of characteristics of a hard PAL such as a steeper optical power transition, a shorter channel, a narrower channel, more unwanted astigmatism pushed into the viewing portion of the lens, and more unwanted astigmatism below the fitting point. [0061] Static Lens: A lens having an optical power which is not alter able with the application of electrical energy, mechanical energy or force.. Examples of static lenses include spherical lenses, cylindrical lenses, Progressive Addition Lenses, bifocals, and trifocals., A static lens may also be refen-ed to as a fixed lens.. [0062] Unwanted Astigmatism: Unwanted aberrations, distortions or astigmatism found within a Progressive Addition Lens that are not part of the patient's prescribed vision correction, but rather are inherent in the optical design of a PAL. due to the smooth gradient of optical power between the viewing zones. Although, a lens may have unwanted astigmatism across different areas of the lens of various dioptric powers, the unwanted astigmatism in the lens generally refers to the maximum unwanted astigmatism that is found in the lens.. Unwanted astigmatism may also refer to the unwanted astigmatism located within a specific portion of a lens as opposed to the lens as a whole.. In such a case qualifying language is used to indicate that only the unwanted astigmatism within the specific portion ofthe lens is being considered. [0063] When describing dynamic lenses, the invention contemplates, by way of example only, electro-active lenses, fluid lenses, gas lenses, membrane lenses, and mechanical movable lenses, etc. Examples of such lenses can be found in Blum et al.. U.S. Patent Numbers 6,517,203, 6,491,394, 6,619,799, Epstein and Kurtin U.S. Patent Numbers 7,008,054, 6,040,947, 5,668,620, 5,999,328, 5,956,18.3, 6,893,124, Silver U.S.. Patent Numbers 4,890,903, 6,069,742, 7,085,065, 6,188,525, 6,618,208, Stoner U.S. Patent Number 5,182,585, and Quaglia U.S Patent Number 5,229,885. [0064] It is well known and accepted within the optical industry that as long as the unwanted astigmatism and distortion of a lens is approximately .OOD or less, the user of the lens, in most cases, will barely notice-it. The invention disclosed herein relates to embodiments of an optical design, lens, and eyewear system that solve many, if not most, of the problems associated with 12 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 PALs. In addition, the invention disclosed herein significantly removes most of the vision compromises associated with PALs. The invention provides a means of achieving the proper far, intermediate and near distance optical powers for the wearer while providing continuous focusing ability for various distances, similar to that of a PAL. But the invention at the same time keeps the unwanted astigmatism to a maximum of approximately 1.50D for certain high add power prescriptions such as a +3.00D, +3.25D and +3.50D. However, in most cases, the invention keeps the unwanted astigmatism to a maximum of approximately 1.00D or less. [0065] The invention is based upon aligning a low add power PAL with a dynamic lens such that the dynamic lens and the low add power PAL are in optical communication, whereby the dynamic lens provides the additional needed optical power for the wearer to see clearly at a near distance.. This combination leads to the unexpected result that not only does the wearer have the ability to see clearly at intermediate and near. distances, but the level of unwanted astigmatism, distortion, and vision compromise are reduced significantly [0066] The dynamic lens may be an electro-active element. In an electro-active lens, an electro active optic may be embedded within or attached to a surface of an optical substrate The optical substrate may be a finished, semi-finished or unfinished lens blank. When a semi-finished o. unfinished lens blank is used, the lens blank may be finished during manufacturing of the lens to have one or more optical powers. An clectro-active optic may also be embedded within or attached to a surface of a conventional optical lens.. The conventional optical lens may be a single focus lens or a multifocal lens such as a Progressive Addition Lens or a bifocal or trifocal lens. The electro-active optic may be located in the entire viewing area of the clectro-active lens or in just a portion thereof. The electro-active optic may be spaced from the peripheral edge of the optical substrate for edging the electro-active lens for spectacles. The electro-active element may be located near the top, middle or bottom portion of the lens. When substantially no voltage is applied, the electro-active optic may be in a deactivated state in which it provides substantially no optical power.. In other words, when substantially no voltage is applied, the electro-active optic may have substantially the same refractive index as the optical substrate or conventional lens in which it is embedded or attached. When voltage is applied, the electro active optic may be in an activated state in which it provides optical add powerL In other words, when voltage is applied, the electro-active optic may have a different refractive index than the optical substrate or conventional lens in which it is embedded or attached. [0067] Electro-active lenses may be used to correct for conventional or non-conventional errors of the eye. The correction may be created by the electro-active element, the optical substrate or 13 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 conventional optical lens or by a combination of the two. Conventional enors of the eye include low order aberrations such as near-sightedness, far-sightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism. Non-conventional errors of the eye include higher-order aberrations that can be caused by ocular layer irregularities.. [0068] Liquid crystal may be used as a portion of the electro-active optic as the refiactive index of a liquid crystal can be changed by generating an electric field across the liquid crystal. Such. an electric field may be generated by applying one or more voltages to electrodes located on both sides of the liquid crystal. The electrodes may be substantially transparent and manufactured from substantially transparent conductive materials such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or other such materials which are well-known in the art. Liquid crystal based electro active optics may be particularly well suited for use as a portion of the electro-active optic since the liquid crystal can provide the required range of index change so as to provide optical add powers of plano to +31.00D. This range of optical add powers may be capable of cotrecting presbyopia in the majority of patients.. [0069] A thin layer of liquid crystal (less than 10 Pm) may be used to construct the electro active optic.. The thin layer of liquid crystal may be sandwiched between two transparent substrates. The two substrates may also be sealed along their peripheral edge such that the liquid crystal is sealed within the substrates in an substantially airtight manner. Layers of a transparent, conductive material may be deposited on the inner surfaces of the two, mostly planar, transparent substrates. The conductive material may then be used as electrodes.. When a thin layer is employed, the shape and size of the electrode(s) may be used to induce certain optical effects within the lens. The required operating voltages to be applied to these electrodes for such thin layers of liquid crystal may be quite low, typically less than 5 volts.. Electrodes may be patterned. For example, a diffractive optical effect can be dynamically produced'within the liquid crystal by using concentric ring shaped electrodes deposited on at least one of the substrates. Such an optical effect can produce an optical add power based upon the radii of the iings, the widths of the iings, and the range ofvoltages separately applied to the different r ings. Electrodes may be pixilated. For example, pixilated electrodes may be squares or rectangles arranged in a Cartesian aray or hexagons arranged in a hexagonal array. Such an array of pixilated electrodes may be used to generate optical add powers by emulating a diffractive, concentric ring electrode structure. Pixilated electrodes may also be used to correct for higher order aberrations 'of the eye in a manne similar to that used for correcting atmospheric tur bulence effects in ground-based astronomy. 14 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 [0070] Current manufacturing processes limit the minimum pixel size, and as such limit the maximum dynamic electro-active optic diameter. By way of example only, when using a c6ncentric pixilated approach that creates a diffiactive pattern the maximum dynamic electro active optic diameters are estimated to be 20 mm for + 1 50D, 24 mm for + 1.25D, and 30 mm for + 1.50D. Current manufacturing processes limit the maximum dynamic electro-active optic diameter when using a pixilated diffractive approach. As such, embodiments of the invention can possess dynamic electro-active optics with smaller optical powers at much larger diameters [0071] Alternately, the electro-active optic is comprised of two transparent substrates and a layer of liquid crystal, where the first substr ate is mostly planar and coated with a transparent, conductive layer while the second substrates has a patterned surface that is of a surface relief diffractive patten and is also coated with a transparent, conductive layer. A surface relief diffractive optic is a physical substrate which has a diffiactive grating etched or created thereon. Surface relief diffractive pattens can be created by way of diamond turning, injection molding, casting, thermoforming, and stamping. Such an optic may be designed to have a fixed optical power and/ or aberration correction. By applying voltage to the liquid crystal through the electrode, the optical power/ aberration correction can be switched on and off by means of refractive index mismatching and matching, respectively.. When substantially no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal may have substantially the same refiactive index as the surface relief diffractive optic. This cancels out the optical power that would normally be provided by the surface relief diffractive element. When voltage is applied, the liquid crystal may have a different refractive index than the sui face relief diffractive element such that the surface relief diffractive element now provides optical add powe. By using a surface relief diffactive pattern approach dynamic electro-active optics having a large diameter or horizontal width can be made.. The widths ofthese optics can be made up to or greater than 40 rm.. [0072] A thicker layer of liquid crystal (typically > 50 pm) may also be used to construct the electro-active multifocal optic. For example, a modal lens may be employed to create a refractive optic Known in the art, modal lenses incorporate a single, continuous low conductivity circular electrode surrounded by, and in electrical contact with, a single high conductivity ring-shaped electrode.. Upon application of a single voltage to the high conductivity ring electrode, the. low conductivity electrode, essentially a radially symmetric, electrically resistive network, produces a voltage gradient across the layer of liquid crystal, which subsequently induces a refractive index gradient in the liquid crystal. A layer of liquid 15 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 crystal with a refi active index gradient will function as an electro-active lens and will focus light incident upon it. [0073] In an embodiment of the invention, a dynamic optic is used in combination with a Progressive Addition Lens to form a combined lens. The Progressive Addition Lens may be a low add power Progressive Addition Lens.. The Progiessive Addition Lens comprises a progressive addition region. The dynamic optic may be located such that it is in optical communication with the progressive addition region. The dynamic optic is spaced apart from the progressive addition region, but is in optical communication theiewith. [0074] In an embodiment of the invention, the progressive addition region may have an add powers of one ofi +0..50D, +0.75D, +LOOD, +L12D, +1_25D, +1 37D, and +L50D. In an embodiment of the invention, the dynamic optic may have an optical power of one of: +0.50D, +0.75D, +1.00D, +L12D, +1.25D, +L37D, +L50D, +1.62D, +L75D; +2.00D, and +2 25D in an activated state. The add power of the progressive addition region and the optical power of the dynamic optic may be manufactured or prescribed to a patient in either +0.125D (which is rounded to either +.12D or +.13D) steps or in +0,25D steps [00751 It should be- pointed out that the invention contemplates any and all possible power combinations, both static and dynamic, needed to correct the wearer's vision properly at far, intermediate and near viewing distances. The inventive examples and embodiments provided within this disclosure are merely illustrative and are not intended to be limiting in any way.. Rather they are intended to show additive optical power relationships when a low add power progressive addition region is in optical communication with a dynamic optic. [0076) The dynamic optic may have a blend zone such that the optical powei along the element's peripheral edge is blended so as to reduce the visibility of the peripheral edge when the element is activated. In most, but not all cases, the dynamic optic's optical power may transition in the blend zone from a maximum optical power contributed by the dynamic optic when activated to an optical power found in the Progressive Addition Lens. In an embodiment of the invention, the blend zone may be I mm - 4 mm in width along the peripheral edge of the dynamic optic.. In another embodiment of the invention, the blend zone may be 1 mm - 2 mm in width along the per ipher al edge of the dynamic optic. [0077] When the dynamic optic is deactivated, the dynamic optic will provide substantially no optical add power.. Thus, when the dynamic optic is deactivated, the Progressive Addition Lens may provide all of the add power for the combined lens (i.e. the total add power ofthe combined 16 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 optic is equal to the add power of the PAL).. If~a dynamic optic includes a blend zone, in the deactivated state, the blend zone contributes substantially no optical power and substantially no unwanted astigmatism due to refractive index matching in the deactivated state.. In an embodiment of the invention, when the dynamic optic is deactivated, the total unwanted astigmatism within the combined lens is substantially equal to that contributed by the Progressive Addition Lens. In an embodiment of the invention, when the dynamic optic is deactivated, the total add power of the combined optic may be approximately +1.00D and the total unwanted astigmatism within the combined lens may be approximately LOOD or less. In another embodiment of the invention, when the dynamic optic is deactivated, the total add power ofthe combined optic may be approximately +1 L25D and the total unwanted astigmatism within the combined lens may be approximately 1 25D ox less.. In another embodiment of the invention, when the dynamic optic is deactivated, the total add power of the combined optic may be approximately +L50D and the total unwanted astigmatism within the combined lens may be approximately L..50D or less. [0078] When the dynamic optic is activated, the dynamic optic will provide additional optical power. Since the dynamic optic is in optical communication with the Progressive Addition Lens, the total add powei of the combined optic is equal to the add power of the PAL and the additive optical power of the dynamic optic. If a dynamic optic includes a blend zone, in the activated state the blend zone contributes optical power and unwanted astigmatism due to refractive index mismatching in the activated state and is largely not usable for vision focus. Thus, when the dynamic optic includes a blend zone, the unwanted astigmatism of the combined optic is measured only within the usable portion of the dynamic optic which does not include the blend zone In an embodiment of the invention, when the dynamic optic is activated, the total unwanted astigmatism within the combined lens as measured through the usable por tion of the lens may be substantially equal to the unwanted astigmatism within the Progressive Addition Lens.. In an embodiment of'the invention, when the dynamic optic is activated and the total add power of the combined optic is between approximately +0.75D and approximately +2.25D, the total unwanted astigmatism within the usable portion of the combined lens may be 1 .00D or less. In another embodiment of the invention, when the dynamic optic is activated and the total add power of the combined optic is between approximately +2..50D and approximately +2..75D, the total unwanted astigmatism within the usable portion of the combined lens may be L25D or less., in another embodiment ofthe invention, when the dynamic optic is activated and the total add power of the combined optic is between approximately +300D and approximately +3-50D, 17 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 the total unwanted astigmatism within the usable portion of the combined lens may be 1.50D or less. Thus, the inv-ention allows for the creation of a lens with a total add power significantly higher than the lens's unwanted astigmatism as measured through the usable portion ofthe lens Or said another way, foi a given total add power of the inventive combined lens, the degree of unwanted astigmatism is reduced substantially. This is a significant degree of improvement as to what is taught in the literature or what is commercially available. This improvement translates into a higher adaptation rate, less distortion, less tripping or disorientation of the wearer and a much wider clear field of view for intermediate and neal distance viewing by the wearer. [0079] In an embodiment of' the invention the dynamic optic may contribute between approximately 30% and approximately 70% of the total add power required for a user's near distance vision prescription.. The progressive addition region of the low add power PAL may contribute the remainder of the add power required for a user's near distance vision prescription, namely, between approximately 70% and approximately 30%, respectively. In another embodiment of the invention, the dynamic optic and the progressive addition region may each contribute approximately 50% of the total add power required for a user's near distance vision prescription. If the dynamic optic contributes too much of the total add power, when the dynamic lens is deactivated the user may not be able to see clearly at an intermediate distance. Additionally, when the dynamic optic is activated, the user may have too much optical powcl in the intermediate distance viewing zone and as such may not be able to see clearly at an intermediate distance. If the dynamic optic contributes too little of the total add power, the combined lens may have too much unwanted astigmatism. [0080] When the dynamic optic includes a blend zone, it may be necessary for the dynamic optic to be wide enough to ensure that at least a portion of the blend zone is located in the periphery of the combined optic.. In an embodiment of the invention; the horizontal width of the dynamic optic may be approximately 26 mm or greater. In another embodiment of the invention, the horizontal width of the dynamic optic may be between approximately 24 mm and approximately 40 mm. In another embodiment of the invention, the horizontal width of the dynamic optic is between approximately 30 mm and approximately 34 mmn. If the dynamic optic is less than approximately 24 mm in width, it is possible that the blend zone may interfere with a user's vision and create too much distortion and swim for the user when the dynamic optic is activated. If the dynamic optic is greater than approximately 40 mm in width, it may be difficult to edge the combined lens into the shape of an eyeglass frame. In most, but not all 18 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 cases, when the dynamic optic is located with its blend zone at or below the fitting point of the combined lens, the dynamic optic may have an oval shape with a horizontal width dimension larger than its vertical height dimension.. When the dynamic optic is located with its blend zone above the fitting point the dynamic optic is usually, but not always, located such that a top peripheral edge ofthe dynamic optic is a minimum of 8 mm above the fitting point It should be noted that dynamic optics that are not electro-active may be placed to the peripheral edge ofthe combined lens. Additionally, such non-electro-active dynamic optics may be less than 24 mm wide., [0081] In an embodiment of the invention, the dynamic optic is located at or above the fitting point. A top peripheral edge of the dynamic optic may be between approximately 0 mm and 15 mm above the fitting point. The dynamic optic is able to provide, when activated, the needed optical power when the wearer is looking at an intermediate distance, a near distance or somewhere between the intermediate and near distance (neat-intermediate distance).. This results from the dynamic optic being located at or above the fitting point, This will allow the user to have a correct intermediate distance prescription when looking straight ahead. Additionally, because of' the progressive addition region, the optical power continuously increases from the fitting point downward through the channel. The user- will have a correct neai-intermediate distance and near distance prescription connection when looking through the channeL Thus, the user- may, in many circumstances, not need to look downward as fai or- have to raise their chin as far to see through the intermediate distance viewing zone of the lens. Ifthe dynamic optic is spaced vertically from the top of the combined lens, the user may also be able to see at a far distance by utilizing a portion of the combined lens above the activated dynamic optic. When the dynamic optic is deactivated, the area of the lens at or near the fitting point will return to the far distance optical power of'the lens [0082] In embodiments in which the dynamic optic has a blend zone, it may be preferable to locate the dynamic optic above the fitting point. In such an embodiment, when the dynamic optic is activated, a user may look straight ahead through the fitting point and downward though the channel without looking through the blend zone. As mentioned above, the blend zone may introduce a high degree of unwanted astigmatism which may be uncomfortable to look through. Thus, the user may make use of the combined optic in the activated state without experiencing a high degree of unwanted astigmatism as the user will not have to pass over the edge or blend zone of the dynamic optic. 19 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 [0083] In an embodiment of the invention, the dynamic optic is located below the fitting point. A top peripheral edge of the dynamic optic may be between approximately 0 mm and 15 mm below the fitting point. When the user looks straight ahead through the fitting point, a far distance prescription correction is provided by the combined optic as the dynamic optic is not in optical communication with this portion of the combined lens. However, when the user shifts his or her gaze fiom the fitting point downward through the channel, the user may experience a high degree ofunwanted astigmatism as the usei's eyes pass over the blend zone of the dynamic optic. This may be rectified in a variety of ways which are detailed below [0084] The inventive combined ophthalmic lens comprises an optical design that takes into consideration: 1) The total near-distance add power: required of the inventive ophthalmic lens to satisfy the near vision correction of a wearer; 2) The level of unwanted astigmatism or distortion in the usable portion of the combined lens; 3) The amount of optical add power contributed in part by the progressive addition region; 4) The amount of optical power contributed by the dynamic optic when activated; 5) The channel length ofthe progressive addition region; 6) The design of the progressive addition region in terms of whether it is, by Way of example only, a soft PAL design, a hard PAL design, a modified soft PAL design or a modified hard PAL design; 7) The width and height ofthe dynamic optic; and 8) The location of the dynamic optic with respect to the progressive addition region.. [0085] Figure 1A shows an embodiment of a Progressive Addition Lens 100 having a fitting point 110 and a progressive addition region 120.. The Progressive Addition Lens in Figure 1A is a low add power Progressive Addition Lens designed to provide a wearer with a desired optical power less than the wearer's needed near distance optical power correction. For example, the add power of'the PAL may be 50% of the nea1 distance optical power correction. The distance along axis line AA of the lens from the fitting point to thd point on the lens where the optical power is within 85% of the desired add optical power is known as the channel length. The channel length is designated in Figurc 1A as distance D.. The value of distance D may be varied depending-upon many factors, such as the style offiame the lens will be edged to fit, how much 20 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 optical power is required, and how wide a channel width is required. In an embodiment of the invention, the distance D is between approximately II mm and approximately 20 mm, Tn another embodiment of the invention the distance D is between approximately 14 mm and approximately 18 mm.. [0086] Figure B shows a graph of optical power 130 taken along a cross section of the lens of Figure JA, along axis line AA. The x-axis of the graph represents distance along axis line AA in the lens. The y-axis of the graph represents the amount of optical power within the lens. The optical power shown in the graph begins at the fitting point The optical power before or at the fitting point may be approximately +0.OOD to approximately +0..12D (i e., approximately no optical power) or may have a positive o1 negative dioptric power depending on the far distance prescriptive needs of a user. F igure 1B shows the lens as having no optical power before or at the fitting point After the fitting point,. the optical power continuously increases to a maximum power.. The maximum power may persist for some length of the lens along axis line AA. Figure 1B shows the maximum power persisting, which appears as a plateau of optical power. Figure 113 also shows that the distance D occurs before the maximum power.. After the maximum power plateau, the optical power may then continuously decrease until a desired optical power. The desired optical power may be any power less than the maximum power and may be equal to the optical power at the fitting point. Figure 1B shows the optical power continuously decreasing afterthe maximum power. [0087] In an embodiment ofthe invention, the progressive addition region may be a progressive addition surface located on the front surface of the lens and the dynamic optic may be buried inside the lens.. In another embodiment of the invention, the progressive addition region may be a progressive addition surface located on the back surface ofthe lens and the dynamic optic may be buried inside the lens.. In another embodiment of the invention, the progressive addition region may be two progressive addition surfaces with one sur face located on the front surface of the lens and the second surface located on the back surface of the lens (as that of a dual surface Progressive Addition Lens) and the dynamic optic may be buried inside the lens.. In still other inventive embodiments, the progressive addition region may not be produced by a geometric surface, but instead may be produced by a refractive index gradient. Such an embodiment would allow both surfaces of the lens to be similar to surfaces used on single focus lenses.. Such a refractive index gradient providing.a progressive addition region may be located inside the lens or on a sur face ofthe lens. 21 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 [0088] One important advantage of the present invention, as described above, is that even when the dynamic optic is in a deactivated state, the wearer will always have the conect intermediate distance and far distance vision optical power. Therefore, the only control mechanism that may be required is a means for selectively activating the dynamic optic when a proper near distance optical power is needed for the wearer. This effect is provided by the low add power PAL having an add power that provides less optical power at a near distance than a user's prescriptive near distance needs, and further that this lower add power approximates the correct prescriptive optical power for the wearer's intermediate distance viewing needs. When the dynamic optic is activated, the wearer's near distance optical power focusing needs will be satisfied., [0089] This may greatly simplify the sensor suite required to control the lens.. In fact, all that may be required is a sensing device that can detect if a user is focusing beyond an intermediate distance. If the user is focusing closer than a far distance, the dynamic optic may be activated. If the user is not focusing closer than afar distance, the dynamic optic may be deactivated. Such a device- may be a simple tilt switch, a manual switch, or a range finder.. [0090] Tn embodiments ofthe invention, a small amount oftemporal delay may be placed in the control system so that the patient's eye passes past the point of the peripheral edge of the dynamic optic before the dynamic optic is activated.. This allows the wearer to avoid any unpleasant unwanted distortion effects that might be caused by looking through the peripheral edge of the dynamic optic Such an embodiment may be beneficial when the dynamic optic includes a blend zone.. By way of example only, when a line of' sight of the wearer is to move from viewing a far distance object to a near distance object, the wearer's eye will translate over the peripheral edge of the dynamic optic into the near distance viewing zone In such a case, the dynamic optic will not be activated until the wearer's line of sight has already transitioned past the peripheral edge of the dynamic optic and into the near distance viewing zone. This occurs by delaying the time to activate the dynamic optic in order to allow the line of sight of the wearer to pass over the peripheral edge. If the activation of the dynamic optic was not tempoially delayed and was instead activated before the wearer's line of sight t ansitioned over the peripheral edge, the wearer might experience a high degree ofunwanted astigmatism while looking through the peripheral edge. This inventive embodiment may be utilized mostly when the dynamic optic's peripheral edge is located at or below the fitting point of the combined lens. In other inventive embodiments the dynamic optic's peripheral edge may be located above the fitting point of the combined lens and thus, in most cases, the delay may not be needed as the 22 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 line of sight of the wearer never passes over the peripheral edge of' the dynamic optic when looking between an intermediate distance and a neat distance.. [0091] In still other inventive embodiments, the Progressive Addition Lens and the blend zone of the dynamic optic may be designed such that in the area when the two over lap the unwanted astigmatism in the blend zone at least partially cancels out some of the unwanted astigmatism in the PAL.. This effect is comparable to a dual-sided PAL in which one surface's unwanted astigmatism is designed to cancel out some of the other surface's unwanted astigmatism. [0092] In an embodiment of'the invention, it may be desirable to increase the size of a dynamic optic and locate the dynamic optic so that a top per ipheral edge ofthe dynamic optic is above a fitting point of the lens. Figure 2A shows an embodiment of a low add power Progressive Addition Lens 200 combined with a much larger dynamic optic 220 placed such that a top peripheral edge 250 of the dynamic optic lies above the fitting point 210 of the lens.. In an embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the larger dynamic optic is between approximately 24 mm and approximately 40 mm.. The ver tical displacement of the dynamic optic relative to the fitting point of the lens is designated by the distance d. In an embodiment of the invention, distance d is in a range of approximately 0 mm to a distance equal to approximately one half the diameter of the dynamic optic. In another- embodiment of the invention, the distance d is a distance between approximately one eighth the diameter of the dynamic optic and three eighths the diameter of the dynamic optic. Figure 2B shows an embodiment having a combined optical power 230 that is created because the dynamic optic is in optical communication with a progressive addition region 240.. The lens 200 may have a reduced channel length In an embodiment of the invention, the channel length is between approximately 11 mm and approximately 20 mm.. In another embodiment of the invention, the channel length is between approximately 14 mm and approximately 18 mm [0093] In the inventive embodiments illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B, when the dynamic optic is activated, because the lens is a low add power PAL and the dynamic optic is located above the fitting point, the weaier has correct intermediate distance vision while looking straight ahead.. The wearei also has correct neai-intexmediate distance as the wearer's eye moves down the channel. Finally, the wearer has correct near distance vision within the area of the combined lens where the power of the dynamic optic and the progressive addition region combine to form the required near viewing distance correction. This is an advantageous method of combining the dynamic optic with the progressive addition region, since computer use is largely an intermediate viewing distance task and is one in which many people view the computer screen 23 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 in a straight ahead or very slightly downward viewing posture. In the deactivated state, the area of the lens above and neat the fitting point allows for distance vision viewing con-ection with a weak progressive power below the fitting point The maximum optical power of the progressive addition region contributes approximately one half the required near distance optical power for a wearer and the dynamic optic contributes the remainder of the optical powei needed for clear neat distance vision [0094] Figures 3A - 3C illustrate an embodiment of the invention, in which the dynamic optic 320 is placed within the lens 300, and the progressive addition region 310 is placed on the back surface of the lens. This back progressive addition surface can be placed on the lens dur ing the processing of a semi-finished lens blank having an integrated dynamic optic by means of a fabrication approach known as free forming. In another embodiment of the invention, the progressive addition region is located on the front surface of the semi-finished lens blank. The semi-finished lens blank incorporates the dynamic optic such that the dynamic optic is in proper alignment with the progressive addition surface curvature., The semi-finished lens blank is then processed by conventional sur facing, polishing, edging, and mounting into an eyeglass fr ame. [0095] As illustrated in Figure 3A, when the dynamic optic is deactivated, thd optical power taken along a line of sight fiom a wearer's eye 340 through the fitting point provides the wearer with correct far distance vision 330. As illustrated in Figure 3B, when the dynamic optic is activated, the optical power taken along a line of sight from the wearer's eye through the fitting point provides the wearer with a correct intermediate distance focusing power 331.. As the wearer moves his or her gaze down the channel as shown in Figures 3D - 3C, the combined optics of the dynamic optic and the progressive addition surface provides a mostly continuous power transition from intermediate distance focus to near distance focus. Thus, as illustrated in Figure 3C, when the dynamic optic is activated, the optical power taken along a line of sight from the wearer's eye through the near distance viewing zone provides the wearer with a correct near distance focusing power 332. One major advantage of this embodiment of the invention may be that the control system only needs to decide if the wearer is looking to a far distance. In such a case of distance viewing the dynamic optic may remain in the deactivated state.- In embodiments where a range finding device is used, the ranging system only needs to decide if an object is closer to the eye than one's intermediate distance. In such a case the dynamic optic would be activated to provide a combined optical power allowing for simultaneous intermediate distance and near distance optical power correction.. Another major advantage of this ern~bodiment of the invention is that the eye does not have to pass over or cross the upper edge of 24 WO 20071146265 PCT/US2007/013743 the dynamic optic when it is turned on such as when a user looks from a far distance portion of the lens to a near distance portion of the lens and vice versa. If the dynamic optic has its uppe most edge located below the fitting point the eye must pass over or cross this upper edge when looking fiom far distance to nea distance or from near distance to far distance. However, embodiments of the invention may allow the positioning of the dynamic optic below the fitting point such that the eye does not pass over the upper most edge of the dynamic optic. Such embodiments may allow for other advantages with regard to visual performance and ergonomics [0096 While Figures 3A - 3C illustrate the progressive addition surface region on the back surface, it may also be placed on the front smuface of the lens or located on both the front and back sufaces of the lens while the dynamic optic may be located within the lens.. Additionally, while the dynamic optic is illustrated as located inside the lens, it may also be placed on the surface of the lens if it were made from curved substrates and covered by an ophthalmic covering material.. By using one dynamic optic having a known optical power in combination with different PAL lenses each having a different add powei, it may be possible to reduce the number of dynamic optic semi-finished blank SKU's substantially.. Fo example a +0-,75D dynamic optic could be combined with a+0.50D, +075D or +1.O0D progressive addition region or surface, to produce add powers of +i.25D, +1.50D or +L75D respectively. Or a +1 0OD dynamic optic could be combined with a +0.75D or +LOOD, progressive addition region or surface, to produce add powers of +1 .75 or +2.00D. Moreover the progressive addition region can be optimized to account for characteristics of the wearer, such as the patient's far distance powei, and eye path through the lens, as well as the fact that the progressive addition region is being added to an dynamic electro-active optic that is providing approximately half the required reading correction. Likewise the reverse also works well. Pol example, a +LO0D progressive addition region or surface may be combined with a +0.75D, +LOOD, +1.25D or +L50D dynamic optic to produce a combined add power of +L .75D, +2.OOD, +2.25D or +2.50D.. {0097] Figure 4A illustrates another embodiment of the invention whereby a low add power Progressive Addition Lens 400 is combined with a dynamic optic 420 that is larger than the progressive addition region and/ or channel 430. In this embodiment, the unwanted distortion 450 from the blend zone of the dynamic optic is well outside both the fitting point 410 and the progressive addition channel 430 and reading zones 440. Figures 4B - 4D show graphs of optical power taken along a cross section of the lens of Figure 4A, along axis line AA. The x axis of each graph represents distance along axis line AA in the lens. The y-axis of each graph 25 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 represents the amount of optical power within the lens.. The optical power before or at the fitting point may be approximately +0. ODD to approximately +0.12D (i e, approximately no optical power) or may have a positive or negative dioptric power depending on the far distance prescriptive needs of a user.. Figure 4B shows the leis as having no optical power before or at the fitting point. Figure 4B shows the optical power 460 that is provided by the fixed progressive addition surface or region taken along axis line AA of Figure 4A. Figure 4C shows the optical power 470 that is provided by the dynamic optic when activated taken along axis line AA of figure 4A. Finally, Figure 4D shows the combined powers ofthe dynamic electro-active optic and the fixed progressive addition region taken along axis line AA ofFigure 4A.. From the figure it is clear that the top and bottom distorted blend area 450 of the dynamic electro-active optic are outside both the fitting point 410 and the progressive addition reading area 440 and channel 430.. [0098] Figures 5A and SB are illustrative of embodiments in which a dynamic optic 520 is located below a fitting point 510 of a low add power Progressive Addition Lens 500.. In Figure 5A, the location of the blend zone of the dynamic. electro-active optic results in significant overall distortion 550 as the wearer's eye tracks down the progressive corridor 530. In certain inventive embodiments of the invention this is solved by delaying the activation of the dynamic optic until the wearer's eye has passed over the upper edge of the blend zone of the -dynamic optic. Figure 5B shows optical power along axis line AA ofF igurc 5A. The region of distortion 550 is seen to overlap with the add power of the lens just below the fitting point and further shows the need to delay the activation of the dynamic optic until the eye passes over this area. Once the eye passes over this area and enters, for example, the reading zone 540 there is no longer significant optical distortion. In an embodiment of the invention, a very nanrow blend zone of 1mm - 2 mm may be provided to allow for- the eye to quickly pass over this area. In an embodiment of the invention, a horizontal width of the dynamic optic may be between approximately 24 mm and approximately 40 mm.. In another embodiment of the invention, a horizontal width of the dynamic optic may be between approximately 30 mm and approximately 34 mm.. In another embodiment of the invention, a horizontal width of the -dynamic optic may be approximately 32mm. Thus, in certain inventive embodiments the dynamic optic is shaped more like an oval with the horizontal measurement being wider than the vertical measurement.. [0099] Figures 6A - 6C show embodiments of' a dynamic optic. In the embodiments shown, thd dynamic optic has an oval shape and is between approximately 26 mm and approximately 32 mnm wide. Various heights of the dynamic optic are shown Figure 6A shows a dynamic optic 26 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 with a height of approximately 14 mm. Figure 6B shows a dynamic optic with a height of approximately 19 mn.. Figure 6C shows a dynamic optic with a height of approximately 24 mm. [00100] Figures 7A - 7K show unwanted astigmatic contour maps comparing an existing state-of-the-art Progressive Addition Lens and embodiments of the invention which include a low add power Progressive Addition Lens and a dynamic optic. The unwanted astigmatic power maps were measured and generated by a Visionix State of'the Art PoweiMapVM 20001d "High Precision Lens Analyzer" which is the same equipment used by lens manufacturers when fabricating or designing PALs to measure and inspect their own PALs for both quality control and marketing specificatipn purposes. Embodiments of the invention are simulated using the low add power PAL and a spherical lens. The spherical lens has an optical power equal to that of an activated dynamic optic of a given optical power which extends to the periphery of the lens. [00101] Figure 7A compares an Essilor Varilux Physiol t M +125D PAL and an inventive embodiment including an Essilor Varilux PhysioTM +1.00D PAL and a +0,25D dynamic optic to create a total add power of +125D Figure 7B compares an Essiloi Varilux PhysioTM +L50D PAL and an inventive embodiment including an Essilor Vafilux Physiolm +0 75D PAL and a +035D dynamic optic to create a total add power of'+1 50D. Figure 7C compares an Essilor Varilux PhysiorM +1 75D PAL and an inventive embodiment including an Essilor Varilux PhysioTM +LOOD PAL and a +0.75D dynamic optic to create a total add power of +135D. Figure 7D compares an Essilor Va ilux Physiolm +2.00D PAL and an inventive embodiment including an Essilor Varilux Physiolm +LOOD PAL and a +.OOD dynamic optic to create a total add power of +2..00D. Figure 7E compares an Essilo Varilux PhysioTM +2..00D PAL and an inventive embodiment including an Essiloi Varilux PhysiolM +0.75D PAL and a +125D dynamic optic to create a total add power of +2.00D. Figure 7F compares an Essilor Varilux PhysioTM +2..25D PAL and an inventive embodiment including an Essilor Varilux Physiolm +1.00D PAL and a +125D dynamic optic to create a total add power of'+2..25D. Figure 7G compares an Essilor Varilux PhysiolM +2.25D PAL and an inventive embodiment including an Essilox Varilux PhysioTM +0.75D PAL and a +1.50D dynamic optic to create a total add powel of +2.25D. Figure 7H compares an Essilox Varilux PhysiorM +2..50D PAL and' an inventive embodiment including an Essilor Varilux PhysiolM +1 .25D PAL. and a +1,25D dynamic optic to create a total add power of +2.50D. Figure 71 compares an Essilor Vatilux Physio&M +2..50D PAL and an inventive embodiment including' an Essilor Vafilux Physiolm +.OOD PAL and a 27 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 +L5OD dynamic optic to create a total add powei of*+2.50D. Figure 7J compares an Essilor Varilux PhysiolM +2.75D PAL and an inventive embodiment including an Essilor Varilux PhysioTM +1 25D PAL and a +1.-50D dynamic optic to create a total add power of +2-75D.. Figure 7K compares an Essilor Varilux Physiorm +3.00D PAL and an inventive embodiment including an Essilor Varilux Physior m+L50D PAL and a+1.50D dynamic optic to create a total add power of +.3 COD. [001021 Figures 7A - 7K clearly show the remarkable improvement the inventive approach makes over the current state-of-the art Progressive Addition Lenses.. The inventive embodiments shown in Figures 7A - 7K have significantly less distortion, significantly less unwanted astigmatism, a much wider channel width, and slightly shorter channel length for both lower add powers and higher add powers when compared to the current state-of-the-art PAL lenses.. The inventive approach is able to provide these remarkable improvements while allowing a user to see clearly at a far distance, an intermediate distance, and a neat distance as with a conventional PAL lens. [00103] It is further contemplated within the invention that the dynamic optic may need to be off-center vertically and in some cases horizontally relative to the progressive addition region depending upon the wearer's pupillary distance, fitting point, and dimensions of the frame eye-wire cut out. However, in all cases when the dynamic optic is off-center relative to the progressive addition region it remains in optical communication with the region when the dynamic optic is activated., It should be noted that the vertical dimension of the frame's eye wire or rim will in many, but not all cases, determine this amount of'off-centeredness [001041 The inventive ophthalmic lens allows for an optical transmission of' 88% or more. If an antireflection coating is utilized on both surfaces of the ophthalmic lens the optical transmission will be in excess of 90%.. The optical efficiency ofthe inventive ophthalmic lens is 90% or better. The inventive ophthalmic lens is capable of being coated with a variety of well known lens treatments such as, by way of example only, an antireflection coating, a scratch resistant coating, a cushion coating, a hydrophobic coating, and an ultra-violet coating. The ultra-violet coating may be applied to the ophthalmic lens or to the dynamic optic. In embodiments in which the dynamic optic is a liquid-crystal based electro-active optic, the ultra violet coating may protect the liquid crystal from ultra-violet light that could damage the liquid crystal over time.. 'The inventive ophthalmic lens is also capable of being edged into the shape needed for an eyeglass frame, or drilled in its per iphery so as to be mounted, by way ofexample only, in a rimless frame. 28 WO 2007/146265 PCT/US2007/013743 {00105] It should be further noted that the invention contemplates all ophthalmic lenses; contact lenses, intra-ocular lenses, corneal on-lays, corneal ih-lays, and spectacle lenses. 29

Claims (19)

1. An ophthalmic lens for a user comprising: a progressive addition region, wherein said progressive addition region has an add power therein; and a tunable dynamic optic in optical communication therewith having a tunable optical power when said tunable dynamic optic is tuned with the application of electrical energy, mechanical energy or force and where said optical power of said tunable dynamic optic when added to said add power of said progressive addition region is substantially equal to the user's near distance add power vision correction.

2. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said add power is less than the user's near distance add power vision correction.

3. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said dynamic optic is embedded within the lens.

4. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said dynamic optic is an electro active optic.

5. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said dynamic optic is a meniscus lens.

6. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said dynamic optic is a fluid lens.

7. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said dynamic optic is a movable dynamic optic having at least one moving component.

8. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said dynamic optic is a gas lens. 30

9. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said dynamic optic is a membrane lens having a membrane capable of being deformed.

10. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said dynamic optic is not activated until the user's eye passes over a top peripheral edge of said dynamic optic.

11. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said optical power is tunable between two or more nonzero optical powers.

12. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, further comprising a sensor for controlling said optical power.

13. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said sensor deactivates said dynamic optic when the user looks beyond an intermediate distance.

14. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said sensor activates said dynamic optic when the user looks closer than a far distance.

15. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said dynamic optic is off-center relative to said progressive addition region.

16. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein a top peripheral edge of said dynamic optic is located above the start of said progressive addition optical power region.

17. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said electro-active optic comprises a surface relief diffractive element.

18. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said electro-active optic comprises pixilated electrodes.

19. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1, wherein said electro-active optic comprises patterned electrodes. 31