NO343074B1 - Tools and methods for producing side bores in boreholes on a rocky ground. - Google Patents

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention is concerned with the production of side branches in boreholes in a bedrock, in particular for the extraction of fluids such as hydrocarbons or water from formations in the bedrock. The invention relates to an apparatus which, in a simple and cost-effective way, cuts out a section of the pipe wall where one wishes to establish a side branch, as is evident from the introduction in the subsequent claim 1. The invention also relates to a method for producing side steps from a main well, as well as specific applications of the invention.

The background of the invention

Today, if one is to establish a side branch to an established well in connection with oil drilling, it involves a very extensive operation that takes a long time. Several pulls of the drill string must be made to insert special tools, while the operation generates metal shavings that represent a risk for further production. Therefore, it is often customary to take up the BOP for inspection after such an operation.

The invention includes a tool that can do the whole operation in one pull, while the cut part is taken up in one or more large pieces without generating iron shavings. In this way, you will save significant time and thus costs in the process of generating branch wells.

Discussion of prior art

In order to increase extraction from the reservoirs for oil and gas, so-called branch wells, or branch wells, are established. These are wells that follow a common course down to a distance above the oil reservoir, then divide into several branches. These branch wells can often go almost horizontally into the reservoir in order to be able to cover the largest possible area in that way. Such wells can have a total length of over 15,000 metres. In a field, there may be over 100 wells in the oil reservoir and a third of these may be branch wells. In this way, more oil pockets in the reservoir are reached, while costs are reduced and the recovery rate increases. With this technology, two-, three-, four- and five-branch wells have been successful

Such technology with horizontal branch drilling can also be used on old wells. You can go into an old well and convert this into a branch well. The new branch well is established by making a side step from the main well. You can then make new side steps and establish a completed branch with several side branches. Such interventions can double the production of hydrocarbons from old wells. You can go out from the main well with side branches at different levels down towards and into the reservoir.

Branch wells have created completely new opportunities to exploit and drain the oil from the reservoirs. By establishing several branches from the main well, it is possible to cover large areas and retrieve oil from places that a single well cannot. The recovery rate has therefore increased significantly. Without costs having increased accordingly

Today, a side step is established by lowering a wedge (a so-called wippstock) on the drill string, which is locked to the pipe wall. You then go down with a new drill bit which is pushed and pushed out at an angle and laterally by the wedge. The drill bit will then gradually drill through the "casing", which includes at least one steel pipe, and one or two layers of cement, until it has come through and can continue into the sediments (rock formation). It is a time-consuming process to carry out this drilling through one to two layers of casing and cement. Therefore, a special drill bit must be used for this operation. During drilling, large quantities of steel shavings are also created which must be washed out and which can represent major problems for further production. Some operators require the BOP to be pulled up and inspected for chips and other loose fragments before drilling can continue.

Reference should be made to the following patent publications; US 2013/284440 (Mark Franklin Alley), US 7,546,876 (Alberta Energy Partners), NO 311905 (Baker Huges Inc.), and US 8,833,451 (Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.).

Of these, US 2013/284440 shows the cutting/cutting of windows in vertical gas/oil pipes. Here, a nozzle with a jet stream is used which is controlled to create the desired profile using a computer-controlled process. This is a separate tool that is lowered into the borehole and operated through an umbilical from the platform

The US patent US 7,546,876 relates to a method and apparatus for cutting with jet jets in casing pipes by means of coiled umbilical and not from the drill string. The profile of the cut-out openings/windows can be controlled as desired.

The Norwegian patent NO 311905 (corresponding to US 6,012,526) relates, among other things, to a well milling device which cuts a window in a casing pipe or other material, based on a predetermined pattern which is impressed on the cutting tool using an integral template.

US 8,833,451 relates to a method for creating/removing a window in a drill pipe. A so-called "score line", a weakening groove in the pipe wall, is drawn in, and the cut-out window/element is supposed to be taken out a whole section without it being shown how this is to be done.

The cited review material in all publications shows examples of the use of fluid-carrying nozzles for cutting out desired window profiles in vertical oil/gas pipes.

Purpose of the present invention

Establishing a branch well by first generating a lateral step takes a long time, as the entire drill string must be pulled up and down several times, which can take several days.

It is therefore an object of the invention to produce a method and a tool for establishing a lateral step from a well, and to be able to perform this operation in a faster way as part of the drill string.

More specifically, it is an object of the invention to produce a tool that includes a cutting tool that can cut an opening through the pipe wall, retrieve loose pieces and pieces of steel pipe, lining concrete and pieces of rock from the bedrock and keep these intermediately stored in the tool that can then be brought up to the surface.

One purpose is therefore that the entire operation can be carried out in a single run, without having to pull up the tool for each and every sub-operation during the production of side steps.

It is also a purpose to be able to carry out the drilling of side steps at the same time that cut-out loose pieces of the pipe and concrete lining, as well as any detached pieces of the rock formation, are taken care of and prevented from flowing uncontrolled into the other fluid flow in the production pipe or casing.

Summary of the invention

Said purpose is achieved with a tool for producing side branching from a borehole pipe in a rock formation, where the tool includes means for cutting out necessary pieces of the pipe to form an opening towards the rock formation, through which a drill can be arranged for drilling out said side branching.

The tool is characterized by being composed of the following elements in order:

a frame section with a shear and press plate to be positioned against the inner wall of the borehole pipe by means of press arms, and comprising cutting elements arranged in a groove in the surface of the press plate to cut out the opening in the pipe wall and electromagnets and/or suction elements to capture cut outs pieces of pipe for a later entry to the surface,

an impact and vibration means for producing impact effects to facilitate the detachment of the cut pieces from the pipe wall, and

a drill wedge mounted in the lower end of the tool, to be placed at said opening to guide a subsequently lowered drill string in the correct angular direction through the opening to start the drilling of the side branch.

The press plate can form a convex arc shape adapted to rest against the inside of the borehole pipe.

The groove that guides the cutting elements can run along the edge of the press plate.

The cutting elements can be high-pressure fluid cutters.

Parts of the frame section's diametrically opposite surface of the pressure plate may comprise counter-holding elements which are pressed against the pipe wall, and the pressure plate may comprise hard metal tips which, when pressed, penetrate into the pipe wall in order to transfer the impact energy required to break free the cut-out element, as well as to reinforce the retention of pipe metal pieces.

The groove with the cutting elements as well as electromagnets and/or suction elements in the surface of the shear and press plate can be surrounded by a sealing ring along the edge of the shear and press plate to form a sealing connection against the inside of the pipe.

The drilling wedge defines a slanted edge and can be positioned in relation to the cut-out hole and locked to the pipe wall before the rest of the tool is pulled up to the surface and drilling out the side branch can start via said slanted edge.

The tool's frame section may comprise diametrically opposed shear and press plates.

The shear and frame section's cutting elements may have a pressure sensor mounted which can register the pressure in any intruding formation fluid, in order to be able to control and possibly stop such fluid intrusion.

The frame section can be divided into two separate sections and a lower drill wedge, in the form of an upper section with a press plate with cutting elements arranged in a groove in the press plate surface to cut out the opening in the pipe wall, a lower section with impact and vibration means, as well as electromagnets and/or suction elements to capture cut pieces of pipe for later entry to the surface,

The frame section can be divided into three separate sections and a lower drill wedge, in the form of an upper section with a press plate with cutting elements arranged in a groove in the press plate surface to cut out the opening in the pipe wall, a middle section with impact and vibration means, and a lower section with and electromagnets and/or suction elements to capture cut pieces of pipe for a later entry to the surface,

The cutting elements, impact units, and retraction units may be constructed as indicated above.

Said purpose is also achieved with a method for producing side branching from a borehole pipe in a rock formation, using tools as indicated, to cut out necessary pieces of the pipe to form an opening towards the rock formation, through which a drill can be arranged for drilling out of said side branching, characterized in that the frame section of the tool is positioned against the inner wall of the pipe, and the cutting elements of the frame section are brought to cut out the opening in the pipe wall, vibration and impact effects are produced to facilitate the release of the cut pieces from the pipe wall, and the drill wedge at the lower end of the tool is placed at said opening to guide a subsequently lowered drill string in the correct angular direction through the opening to start the drilling of the side branch.

Said purpose is also achieved by using tools as indicated above, for the production of side branching for the extraction of hydrocarbons or water from formations in the bedrock.

The following description applies to a special tool (SRSC Tool; Single Run Sidetrack Cutting Tool), which can cut holes in the pipe wall (7) and (8), loosen the milled piece and pull it into the tool to bring it to the surface, at the same time, a Wipstock is established in the right position so that you are ready to go down to drill out the side step and continue into the sediments, in a quick and safe way, which will save you the number of times you have to pull up and down the drill string (Run) in the borehole. Control of the various functions of the tool in the borehole is done by means of pulsating pressure in the mud fluid. This is known technology that will also be used for operating the SRSC tool.

Description of figures

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

Figure 1 shows a well that has been drilled into a rock bed below a seabed, and which includes a production pipe or feed pipe that is anchored with a concrete lining against the rock wall in the borehole. Two side steps for precursors laterally out from the main well are also shown.

Figure 2 shows a version of the tool according to the invention for producing side steps from the main well, and comprises two cutting devices mounted diametrically opposite to create a side step through the production pipe towards the bedrock, one being activated for drilling out side steps, while the other is recessed against the tribe. By turning the drill string 180 degrees, you can make two cuts and retract the cut piece towards the same opening. In addition, a so-called wippstock is shown below and a Jar above the cutting tool.

A Jar is an impact hammer, a device that can be initialized to deliver a hard vertical blow that will break the cut profile from the bedrock, as the tool presses with anvils against the cut piece. After the cut-out, Jaren is triggered so that the milled-out part comes loose. Magnets, suction cups and mechanical devices pull the loose milled part back into the tool before it is rotated 180⁰ (degrees) and a new milling, tapping and retraction of loose parts is done before the whole thing is pulled to the surface.

Figure 3 shows the same as Figure 2, but with only a cutting tool, and where the diametrically opposite side is equipped with an arrangement (magnets, suction cups and mechanical gripping arrangement) to capture the milled part and pull it into the Tool. The figure also shows counter-holding elements 23 on the opposite side of the tool's pressure plate 40, which remain in pressure between the tool and the inner wall of the pipe when this is used, so that the tool is kept stable in operation. Also look at figure 5 which shows such.

Figure 4 shows the tool with its arched convex front side seen from the front.

The figure also schematically shows the superimposed chambers which accommodate propellants to push the cutting device out towards and in from the pipe inner wall, as well as operation of the cutting means and magnet/vacuum to attach cut pieces of pipe to the tool.

Figures 5 and 6 show a horizontal section of the tool and its location inside the production pipe with the outside liner, and where the sector with the cutting plate (40) forms an abutment against the inside of the production pipe with nozzles and gaskets, as well as the diametrically opposite counter. The curvature of the tool is carefully adapted to the inner pipe wall, cf. as this is illustrated in the figure.

Figure 6 shows how the cutting board itself is designed. When the tool is pressed against the pipe wall using the counter, there is a carefully determined distance between the nozzles (45) and the pipe wall. The elastic gasket (42) is then compressed and creates a closed chamber for the cutting process. The tool's cutting plate has a number of magnetic anvils, suction devices and mechanical gripping devices which, by magnetic action or suction/negative pressure or mechanical intervention, hold the loose object and pull it into the Tool.

Figure 7 shows a two-part solution with two tool sections placed with one axially above the other, in this case where the cutting part is in a first section while the "retraction part" is in a second underlying section.

Figure 8 shows a three-part variant, where at the top there is a cutting section, then an impact section which is anvils that are pressed into the milled element, and then a gripping section (mechanical, magnetic and suction) which pulls the loose object into the Tool. At the bottom is the Whipstock (36), which is then established at the correct level in relation to the milled element and left so that drilling of the side step can be started in the correct place in the next operation.

Description of preferred embodiments of the invention

Initially, reference is made to figure 1 which shows a borehole 10 through a formation 13, and which leads a casing 12 which is anchored against the rock wall in the borehole with a concrete lining (25). In the lower part of the borehole, two side steps are shown, in the form of side branches 16 and 18 which run obliquely out from the main bore 10 in the borehole. There are tools for producing such side steps from a borehole, which the present invention is concerned with.

The figure shows a borehole 10 drilled from a seabed 15 from a drilling and/or production rig 24 on the sea surface 22. A riser that extends from a BOP 17 on the seabed 15 up to the rig 24 is shown at 26. The tool can of course also be used for drilling out lateral steps from a well in a formation from a land-based facility.

The invention relates to a tool shown in the figures for preparing and drilling out such side steps 16 and 18 through the casing/pipe wall 12 and the casing 14, as according to figure 1.

Casing hangers are shown schematically at 19, which is the area where the casing is suspended in the wellhead when a section is completed.

All dotted fields in the figures between pipe 12 and the rock wall show concrete 25 with which the pipes are fixed to the external rock wall in the borehole, or concrete that has been injected between the pipes 12 and 14 respectively.

The tool according to Figure 2 is composed of several elements, connected in series one after the other as an elongated cylinder suspended in a drill string 11 in the production pipe 12 or casing 14 in the borehole 10 through formation 13. Upper and lower sealing and locking gaskets 60 can releasably fix the instrument against the inner wall of the casing/production pipe 12.

In a non-limiting example shown as outlined in Figure 4, the tool comprises a series of interconnected units with the following main elements viewed from top to bottom, an accelerator section 31 for driving an impact and vibration instrument (jar) 32 for loosening metal and concrete pieces, a cylindrical housing 33 which comprises a power generator which supplies hydraulic fluid and power to drive the various instruments in an underlying housing 34 comprising a shear plate 40 with shearing means and means for attracting loose metal and concrete pieces, and an underlying mounted so-called whipstock 36 with a marked inclined edge 37 to change the direction of a later lowered drill string with a drill bit from an axial direction and obliquely in a direction from this.

Said whipstock 36 constitutes an optional lower section of the tool, and can be attached to the rest of the tool at point 35 via a fastening bolt which is broken or pulled off after the whipstock is locked off against the casing/casing 12,14 at the right height in relation to the milled the hole. Whipstock 36 is released at the release point 35 from the rest of the tool when it is pulled up into the borehole 10, after the whipstock 37 has been correctly positioned and locked in the borehole in relation to a finished undrilled exit hole through the production pipe/casing. Then a later lowered drill bit can be guided in the correct direction out through the exit hole and further out into a side step and continue the drilling of a new well.

The tool housing part 34 accommodates the necessary tools for the operation, as it is basically an elongated cylinder in which one or more cavities 131 are cut out to accommodate the necessary equipment, as will be seen in what follows. The cavity 131 is thus formed by a sector of the cylinder being cut out from its side surface.

Alternatively, this is cut out as a square recess from the circular arc tool part.

The tool parts 32,33 and 34 are thus connected and are suspended in the drill string 11 which, in addition to lowering and lifting the tool, also includes an inner cavity for conveying drilling fluid, operating fluids and power (current) for operating said tool in the housing, to perform the cutting operation and capture cut pieces of metal and lining concrete to form the side step.

The cavity 131 in the cylinder is cut out radially to approx. the center of the cylinder – in a sector shape or square shape, so that the shear plate 40 with the press plate 47 can be pulled completely inside the cylinder cavity 131 from the outside, with casing metal and concrete pieces stuck to the convex outer surface of the frame 40. One or more press elements 52 (see figures 5 and 6) can push out said press arms 46 and thus the cutting plate 40 towards the pipe inner wall, and also pull this back in again.

When the tool, which Figure 2 also shows, comprises a diametrically directed recess or cavity 132 for a second tool, there still remains a central stem 41 and part of the metal goods around the circumference.

The area within the circumferential gasket defines a recessed cavity 131, radially inward from the cylinder exterior to accommodate metal and concrete pieces to be captured after the cutout. In order for the pressure plate with attached metal/concrete pieces to be able to be pulled a bit into the recess, the width of the plate must be adapted to the space inside the cavity 131.

In the cavity 131 in the housing part 34, there is built-in at least one shear plate 40 which can be moved out and in with a plate shape with a concave arc shape which faces out towards and corresponds to the inner curvature of the pipe. The frame is supported by one or more press arms 46 attached to the frame's inward-facing side, and connected to drive members located centrally in the cylinder, which are supplied with propellant from the overlying power generator 33. The power generator is a turbine which, with the help of the mud's fluid flow from the pumps on the rig, generates the desired current/pressure to the SRSC tool. The figure shows two such upper and lower press arms 46, illustrated as articulated bars of the concertina type.

When the cutting plate 40 has an axial length of 10-20 metres, it is preferably fixed in more than two such press arms distributed over the entire plate height. The cutting plate 40 has a width that is slightly smaller than the diameter of the tool, so that the cut part can be drawn into the recess in the cylinder of the tool.

In a preferred embodiment, the frame forms a raised edge in which a gasket 42 is mounted in a recess which runs round the entire circumference of the pressure plate 40. The gasket can provide the necessary seal against the pipe inner wall so that a closed chamber is formed where the cutting nozzles operate. Figure 4 shows that the cutting plate 40 defines a circular sector of approx.150⁰.

Instrumentation of the front side of the press plate:

Cutting devices/cutting elements:

On the inside of the ring gasket 42, a number of movable cutting members 45 extend in a recessed groove 44 in the plate, so that the members - here shown 4 in number - are evenly distributed along the groove. The cutting means are moved synchronously in the groove until a continuous groove has been cut, such as with an approximately elliptical shape as Figure 4 shows.

Each cutting element can be a fluid cutter, a diamond saw or an impact hammer that can cut grooves through metal and concrete to slice the pipe into one or more pieces that can be removed and form the basis for a later boring of the side step.

The propellant, in the form of hydraulic fluid or current, can be produced by means of a high-pressure pump that sucks in local fluid from a funnel around each cutting nozzle and possibly in addition to fluid from the drill string, and pushes this at high pressure back through the cutting nozzles and cuts a deep hole which becomes a groove and finally an elliptical ring in the pipe wall and the external concrete lining. Drive fluid for the cutting nozzles can also be supplied from the overlying power generator 33 via not shown lines or hoses leading from the surface to the nozzles. Thus, a mixture of local and supplied liquid is delivered to the nozzles that carve out the groove in the pipe wall and the lining

The nozzles 45 are preferably set at a defined and specific distance from the pipe inner wall when the cutting plate is clamped against the pipe inner wall. Furthermore, a funnel above and around the cutting nozzles can lead liquid back to the pump. Liquid/mud can also be supplied from the drill pipes in which the tool is suspended and supplied through channels not shown in detail in the center area shown at 41 in figure 2. The mud pressure here is high compared to before the power generator/turbine. The mud collected from the funnel around the nozzle is likely high enough to maintain the cutting jet quantity or pressure.

The cutting nozzles' speed and cutting width along the elliptical cutting path 44 can be read by a sensor at the nozzle 45.

Means for retaining metal/concrete pieces.

The cutting plate also includes organs that are connected to the pipe's inner wall in the area to be cut out, such as activatable magnetic elements, vacuum and/or spikes that can penetrate the metal goods in the pipe's inner wall. In Figure 5, a magnetic element 47 is shown in a cross-section in an arc shape lying next to the arc-shaped pressure plate 40 inside.

This thereby also creates a reinforced initial mechanical coupling of the pressure plate/frame section 40 against the tube inner wall during push-out even before the cut-out starts. When the magnetic elements are activated, the plate will both be pulled in towards the pipe stock, and attract metal/concrete pieces after cutting, and loose metal pieces can get stuck in the spikes in the plate in combination with suction and be taken up to the surface when the tool is raised. The function of the magnetic elements is to capture and immobilize detached cut-out steel plate(s) with concrete and stick them to the tool when it is guided/raised to the surface. Power for operating the electromagnets 47 is also supplied via wires not shown, and shall not be described in more detail here. Magnets that are active all the time, without the supply of electricity, can also be used. A non-magnetic tool that can hold cut pieces/window by a suction effect can also be used.

Vibration instrument.

After or simultaneously with the above cut-out of metal and concrete from the pipe/lining is completed, the jar hammer 32 positioned adjacent to the tool is activated so that the area for the cut-out is subjected to strong shaking and vibration so as to ensure that the steel/concrete pieces detaches from the remaining part of the pipe/casing. The press arms 46 ensure that the impact energy propagates to the cut element. The Jar instrument can strike downwards and upwards.

Control of the tool.

Control and communication with the tool takes place using binary coding of pressure pulses in the fluid in the borehole. In this way, various activities can be initiated and managed. This is known technology that will be used to initiate and control the various processes described above.

The version of the tool shown in Figure 2 comprises two pressing and cutting plates 40,140 mounted diametrically opposite each other, and at the same height. This version of the tool can be used if, on first cutting, you do not get deep enough through the casing/lining, or if you are unable to loosen the entire cut out part of metal/concrete using a first cutting plate 40. Then you can turn the tool 180 degrees and use the pressing and cutting plate 140 on the diametrically opposite side.

If another side step is to be carried out from the main well at approximately the same height level as a first side step or in a different direction and at a different height level, the drill string can be raised with the suspended tool, i.e. with both versions shown in figures 2 and 3 to the correct position. That is that the tool is possibly loosened from its fixed position in the pipe, rotated or lifted upwards, then rotated appropriately, such as 180⁰, about the axis, then fixed again and performing the second cutting of holes through the casing/lining wall and out into the formation.

According to yet another alternative method, both pressure plates 40,140 in the tool according to Figure 2 can be used to drill out two diametrically opposite side steps at different heights through the production pipe and the bedrock. However, it cannot be drilled at the same time, so that the second drilling is started after the first drilling has finished.

When the cut piece of steel is detached from the wall and pulled into the tool, there is a risk of exposing the well to a fluid under pressure from the formation to be drilled through. This fluid can have such a high pressure and it is therefore necessary to have a control so that the fluid does not flow unhindered into the borehole 10 and cause damage. A practical solution is for the cutting tool to be fitted with a pressure sensor that can record the pressure in any penetrating formation fluid.

One possible measure is to circulate a heavier mud into the hole to control and stop such fluid penetration, as mud is supplied from the installation on the surface through associated pipe/hose systems.

Preferred assembly order of the elements in the tool according to the invention. Figures 7 and 8 show two preferred designs where the three parts, press/cutting element, impact/jar element and attraction element are distributed in two or three axially separated sections in the total tool. The two-part tool has cutting in one part and impact and retraction in the other part.

Figure 7: Thus, the cutting plates 40/140 can be organized in an upper first section, and then an impact/retraction section in a lower second section as shown in Figure 7.

The third variant is that all three functions are divided into three separate elements in the tool, one vertically above each other, as shown in Figure 8. That is. that the cutting element is placed above the jar element and where the retracting element is placed below there again.

This last variant, as shown in Figure 8, is probably the safest. According to this, the shear plate 40 is arranged in an upper section, the impact part 32 in a middle part 2 and the retracting part is in a lower section. Then you can first cut out the groove in the casing wall, move the tool appropriately upwards and then exert the impact so that you ensure that the piece(s) come loose from the casing wall, and so on upwards to pull the loose element or pieces all the way into the tool, after which it is drawn up to the surface.

By pulling the drill string straight up or down a given distance, the various parts of the tool can then be used at the same location in the drill hole 10. You also have the option, as under variant 1, to have the various functions distributed diametrically oppositely in the same unit, as Figure 2 shows.

It may turn out that the drill string does not have a large enough cross-section to achieve this, therefore both the 2- and 3-part solution are very applicable for the present purpose.

According to the invention with the two- and three-part version, separate power generators are installed which can stand as separate elements connected between the individual elements 40, 30, 140 in the tool, or can be an integrated part in the individual element 40, 30, 140 These are controlled from the rig and provide the energy needed to drive the various functions in the tool.

Claims (14)

PATENT CLAIMS. 1. Tool for producing a side branch (18) from a borehole pipe (12) in a rock formation (13), where the tool comprises means for cutting out necessary pieces of the pipe (12) to form an opening towards the rock formation, through which it can a drill is provided for drilling out said side branch, characterized in that the tool is composed of the following elements in order: a frame section (34) with a shear and press plate (40) to be positioned against the inner wall of the borehole pipe (12) by means of press arms (46), and which comprises cutting elements (45) arranged in a groove (44) in the press plate (40) surface to cut out the opening in the pipe wall and electromagnets (47) and/or suction elements (49) to capture cut-out pieces of pipe for later entry to the surface, an impact and vibration means (32) to produce impact effects to facilitate the release of the cut pieces from the pipe wall, and a drill wedge (36) mounted in the lower end of the tool, to be placed at said opening to guide a subsequently lowered drill string in the correct angular direction through the opening to start drilling the side branch. 2. Tool in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the pressure plate (40) forms a convex arc shape adapted to rest against the inside of the borehole pipe (12). 3. Tool in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the groove (44) which guides the cutting elements (45) runs along the edge of the pressure plate (40). 4. Tool in accordance with claim 3, characterized in that the cutting elements (45) are high-pressure fluid cutters (45). 5. Tool in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that parts of the frame section's (34) diametrically opposite surface of the pressure plate (40) comprise counter-holding elements (23) which are pressed against the pipe wall, and the pressure plate (40) comprises hard metal tips which, when pressed, penetrate into the pipe wall to transfer the impact energy needed to break free the cut-out element, as well as to reinforce the retention of pieces of pipe metal. 6. Tool in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groove (44) with the cutting elements (45), as well as electromagnets (47) and/or suction elements (49) is enclosed in the surface of the cutting and pressing plate (40) of a sealing ring (42) along the edge of the cutting and pressing plate (40) to form a sealing contact against the inside of the tube (12). 7. Tool in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drilling wedge (36) defines an inclined edge (37) and is positioned in relation to the cut-out hole and is locked to the pipe wall before the rest of the tool is pulled up to the surface and the side branch is drilled out can start via the aforementioned inclined edge (37). 8. Tool in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool's frame section (34) comprises diametrically opposed cutting and pressing plates (40,140). 9. Tool in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting elements (45) of the shear and frame section (34) have mounted a pressure sensor which can register the pressure in any intruding formation fluid, to be able to control and possibly stop such fluid intrusion. 10. Tool in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the frame section (34) is divided into two separate sections and a lower drill wedge (36), in the form of: an upper section with a pressure plate (40) with cutting elements (45) arranged in a groove (44) in the surface of the pressure plate (40) for cutting out the opening in the pipe wall, a lower section with impact and vibration means (32) as well as electromagnets (47) and/or suction elements (49) to capture cut pieces of pipe for a later entry to the surface, 11. Tool in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the frame section (34) is divided into three separate sections and a lower drill wedge (36), in the form of an upper section with a pressure plate (40) with cutting elements (45) arranged in a groove (44) in the surface of the pressure plate (40) for cutting out the opening in the pipe wall, a middle section with impact and vibration means (32) as well a lower section with and electromagnets (47) and/or suction elements (49) to capture cut pieces of pipe for a later entry to the surface, 12. Tool in accordance with claim 11, characterized in that the cutting elements (45), the impact units (30) and the retracting units (49) are constructed as stated in the preceding claims 2 - 9. 13. Method for producing a side branch (18) from a borehole pipe (12) in a rock formation (13), using tools according to claims 1 - 12, to cut out necessary pieces of the pipe (12) to form an opening out against the rock formation, through which a drill can be arranged for drilling out said side branching, characterized in that the frame section (34) of the tool is positioned against the inner wall of the pipe (12), and the frame section's cutting elements (45) are brought to cut out the opening in the pipe wall, which creates vibration and impact effects to facilitate the release of the cut pieces from the pipe wall, and the drill wedge (36) at the lower end of the tool is placed at said opening to guide a subsequently lowered drill string in the correct angular direction through the opening to start the drilling of the side branch. 14. Use of tools according to claims 1 - 12, for the production of side branching for the extraction of hydrocarbons or water from formations in the bedrock.