MXPA06006368A - Electromagnetic treatment apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus and method for electromagnetic treatment of plants, animals, and humans comprising:configuring at least one waveform according to a mathematical model having at least one waveform parameter, said at least one waveform to be coupled to a target pathway structure 101;choosing a value of said at least one waveform parameter so that said at least waveform is configured to be detectable in said target pathway structure above background activity in said target pathway structure 102;generating an electromagnetic signal from said configured at least one waveform 103;and coupling said electromagnetic signal to said target pathway structure using a coupling device 104.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates in general to an apparatus and method for in vitro and in vivo prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of plants, animals and tissues, organs, cells and human molecules. In particular, one embodiment according to the present invention relates to the use of time-varying non-thermal magnetic fields configured for optimal coupling to target trajectory structures such as molecules, cells, tissues and organs, using energy comparison analysis and amplitude to evaluate a ratio of thermal signal to noise ("SNR") in the target path structure. Another embodiment according to the present invention relates to the application of bursts of arbitrary waveform electromagnetic signals to target trajectory structures such as molecules, cells, tissues and organs using portable lightweight coupling devices, such as inductors. and electrodes, and excitation circuitry that can be incorporated into a positioning device such as knee, elbow, lower back, shoulder, foot and other anatomical casings, as well as clothing such as clothing, footwear and accessories of use. Still another modality according to the present - invention, refers to the application of periodic fixed state signals of electromagnetic signals of arbitrary waveform to target trajectory structures such as molecules, cells, tissues and organs. Examples of therapeutic and prophylactic applications of the present invention are for relief of musculoskeletal pain, reduction of edema, increase of local blood flow, microvascular blood perfusion, wound repair, bone repair, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, angiogenesis, neovascularization, increase of immune response, tissue repair, increased transudation, and increased effectiveness of pharmacological agents. An embodiment according to the present invention can also be used in conjunction with other therapeutic and prophylactic methods and modalities such as heat, cold, ultrasound, vacuum assisted wound healing, wound covering, orthopedic fixation devices, and surgical procedures. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE It is now well established that the application of non-thermal weak electromagnetic fields ("EMF") can result in physiologically insignificant in vivo and in vitro effects. Time-varying magnetic fields, comprising rectangular waveforms such as pulsed electromagnetic fields - - ("PEMF"), and sinusoidal waveforms such as pulsating radio frequency ("PRF") fields that range from several Hertz to a range of about 15 to about 40 MHz, are clinically beneficial when used as adjunctive therapy for a variety of injuries and usculoskeletal conditions. At the beginning of the sixties, the development of modern therapeutic and prophylactic devices was stimulated by the clinical problems associated with bone fractures without union and delayed union. Previous work showed that an electrical path can be a medium through which bone responds adaptively to mechanical force. The above therapeutic devices used implanted and semi-invasive electrodes that supply direct current ("DC") to a fracture site. Non-invasive technologies were subsequently developed using electric and electromagnetic fields. These modalities were originally created to provide a non-invasive, "non-contact" means of induction of an electrical / mechanical waveform at a cell / tissue level. The clinical applications of these technologies in orthopedics have led to applications approved by regulatory bodies around the world for the treatment of fractures such as non-union and recent fractures, as well as spinal fusion. Currently several EMF devices constitute - - The standard arms of orthopedic clinical practice for the treatment of difficult to heal fractures. The success ratio of these devices has been very high. The database for this indication is large enough to allow its recommended use as a safe, non-surgical, non-invasive alternative for a first bone graft. Additional clinical indications for these technologies have been reported in double blind studies for the treatment of non-vascular necrosis, tendinitis, osteoarthritis, wound repair, blood circulation and arthritis pain as well as other musculoskeletal injuries. The cellular studies have been directed to the effects of electromagnetic fields of low low frequency both in the trajectories of signal transduction and in the synthesis of the growth factor. It can be shown that EMF stimulates the secretion of growth factors after a short duration in the form of a shot. The ion / ligand binding processes in a cell membrane are generally considered in an initial structure of EMF target trajectory. The clinical relevance for treatments, for example of bone repair, is an upregulation such as modulation, of the production of growth factor as part of the normal molecular regulation of bone repair. Studies at the cellular level have shown effects on calcium ion transport, cell proliferation, release of Insulin Growth Factor ("IGF-II"), and expression of the IGF-II receptor in osteoblasts. The effects on Insulin Growth Factor-I ("IGF-I") and IGF-II have also been demonstrated in fracture calluses in rats. The stimulation of the messenger RNA ("mRNA") of transforming growth factor-beta ("TGF-β") with PEMF has been shown in a bone induction model in a rat. Studies have also shown upregulation of mRNA TGF-β by PEMF in a human cell line similar to osteoblast designated MG-63, where there were increases in the synthesis of TGF-β, collagen, and osteocalcin. PEMF stimulated an increase in TGF-ßl in both hypertrophic and atrophic cells of non-binding human tissue. Subsequent studies demonstrated an increase in both TGF-ßl mRNA and proteins in osteoblast cultures resulting from a direct effect of EMF on a calcium / calmodulin-dependent path. Studies in cartilaginous cells have shown similar increases in the synthesis of mRNA TGF-ßl and proteins from EMF, demonstrating a therapeutic application for joint repair. The U.S. Patent No. 4,315,503 (1982) for Ryaby and the U.S. Patent. No. 5,723,001 (1998) for Pilla, typify the research conducted in this field. However, the prior art in this field unnecessarily applies a high amplitude and energy to a target trajectory structure, unnecessarily requires a long treatment time and is not portable. Accordingly, there is a need for an apparatus and method that more effectively modulates the biochemical processes that regulate tissue growth and repair, shorten treatment times, and incorporate miniaturized circuitry and lightweight applicators such as coupling devices. thus allowing the device to be portable and, if desired, disposable. There is a further need for an apparatus and method that more effectively modulates the chemical processes that regulate tissue growth and repair, shorten treatment times, and incorporate miniaturized circuitry and lightweight applicators such as coupling devices that can be constructed to implant. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An apparatus and method for the supply of electromagnetic signals to human, animal and plant target trajectory structures such as molecules, cells, tissues and organs for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. A preferred embodiment according to the present invention uses a Noise to Energy Signal Proportioning method ("energy SNR") to configure bioeffective waveforms and incorporates miniaturized circuitry and lightweight flexible coils. This - - advantageously allows a device that uses a SNR energy procedureMiniaturized circuitry and lightweight flexible coils should be completely portable and if desired, be constructed disposable and if desired, be built to be implanted. Specifically, bursts of broad spectral density of electromagnetic waveforms, configured to achieve maximum signal energy within a band pass of a biological target, are selectively applied to target path structures such as organs, tissues, cells and living molecules. . Waveforms are selected using a single amplitude / energy comparison with that of thermal noise in a target path structure. The signals comprise bursts of at least one of the sinusoidal, rectangular, chaotic and random waveforms, have a frequency content in a range of about 0.01 Hz to about 100 MHz at about 1 to about 100,000 bursts per second, and have a Burst repeat ratio of approximately 0.01 to approximately 1000 bursts / second. The peak signal amplitude in a target path structure such as a tissue, falls in a range of about 1 μV / cm to about 100 mV / cm. Each signal burst coating can be a random function that provides a means to accommodate different electromagnetic tissue healing features. A preferred embodiment according to the present invention comprises a 20 millisecond pulsatile burst comprising symmetric or asymmetric pulses of about 5 to about 20 microseconds which are repeated at about 1 to about 100 kilohertz within the burst. The coating of the burst is a modified function 1 / f and is applied in random repetition ratios. A resulting waveform can be supplied through inductive or capacitive coupling. An object of the present invention is to configure an energy spectrum of a waveform by mathematical stimulation using signal-to-noise ratio analysis ("SNR") to configure an optimized, bioeffective waveform then coupling the configured waveform to an objective path structure using a coupling device such as ultra-lightweight cable coils, which are energized by a waveform configuration device such as miniaturized circuitry. Another objective of the present invention is to evaluate the energy SNR for any target path structure such as molecules, cells, tissues and organs of plants, animals and humans using a waveform of - input, even if the electrical equivalents are non-linear as in the Hodgkin-Huxley membrane model. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for treating plants, animals and humans using selected electromagnetic fields by optimizing an energy spectrum of a waveform to be applied to a selected target path biochemical structure such as a molecule, cell, tissue and organ of a plant, animal or human. Another objective of the present invention is to employ significantly lower peak amplitudes and shorter pulse duration. This can be achieved by balancing through energy SNR, a frequency range in a signal for a response and frequency sensitivity of a target trajectory structure such as a molecule, cell, tissue and organ of plants, animals and humans. The foregoing and still other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the Brief Description of the Drawings detailed below, and the Claims appended thereto. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in greater detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 2 is a flow diagram of a method - - for the electromagnetic treatment of plant, animal and human target trajectory structures such as tissues, organs, cells and molecules according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a view of the control circuitry and the electrical coils applied to a knee joint according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a block diagram of the miniaturized circuitry according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4A is a line drawing of a cable coil such as an inductor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4B is a line drawing of a flexible magnetic cable according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 illustrates a waveform supplied to an objective path structure such as a molecule, cell, tissue or organ according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a view of a positioning device such as a wrist support according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a graph illustrating the - myosin phosphorylation maximally increased for a PMRF signal configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 8 is a graph illustrating a comparison of power consumption between a 60 Hz signal and a PEMF signal configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FORMS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The variable time induced currents of PEMF or PRF devices flow in an objective path structure such as a molecule, cell, tissue and organ, and these currents are the stimulus to which the cells and tissues of a cell can react. physiologically significant way. The electrical properties of a target path structure affect the levels and distributions of the induced current. The molecules, cells, tissues or organs are all in an induced current path such as the cells in a joint separation contact. Interactions of ion or ligand at binding sites on macromolecules that can reside on a membrane surface are voltage-dependent processes, which is electrochemical, that can respond to an induced electromagnetic field ("E"). the induced current reaches these sites through a peripheral ionic medium. The presence of cells in a - - current path causes the induced current ("J") disintegrates more quickly over time ("J (t)").

This is due to an additional electrical impedance of the cells coming from the membrane capacitance and the binding time constants and other voltage-sensitive membrane processes such as membrane transport. Equivalent electrical circuit models representing various membranes and loaded interface configurations have been derived. For example, in the calcium bond ("Ca2 +"), the change in the concentration of Ca + linked at a binding site due to induced E can be described in a frequency domain by an impedance expression such as: Zb (?) = Rim + --- l? C ion that has the form of equivalent electrical circuits of resistance-capacitance in series. Where ? is an angular frequency defined as 2i7f, where f is a frequency, i = -1, Zb (?) is the link impedance, and Rion and Cion are the equivalent resistance and link capacitance of an ion link path . The value of the equivalent link time constant, Tion RionCion / -is related to an ion link ratio constant, k, through Tion = RionCion = l / kb. Therefore, the characteristic time constant of this path is determined by the ion link kinetics.

- The induced E of a PEMF or PRF signal can cause the current to flow in an ion-link path and affect the number of linked Ca2 + ions per unit of time. An electrical equivalent of this is a change in voltage across the equivalent bond capacitance C? 0nr which is a direct measure of the change in electrical charge stored by Ci? N- The electric charge is directly proportional to a surface concentration of Ca2 + ions at the binding site, ie, that the storage of charge is equivalent to the storage of ions or other charged species on cell surfaces and joints. The electrical impedance measurements, as well as the direct kinetic analyzes of the link relationship constants, provide variables for the time constants necessary for the configuration of a PMF waveform to equal a bandpass of target path structures. This allows a required range of frequencies for any given induced E waveform to optimally couple to the target impedance, such as bandpass. The binding of ion to regulatory molecules is a common EMF target, for example the binding of Ca2 + to calmodulin ("CaM"). The use of this trajectory is based on the acceleration of wound repair, for example, in bone repair, which involves the modulation of the factors - of growth released in various stages of repair. Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor ("PDGF"), fibroblast growth factor ("FGF"), and epidermal growth factor ("EGF") are involved in an appropriate stage of healing. Angiogenesis is also integral to wound repair and modulated PMF. All these factors are dependent on Ca / CaM. Using a Ca / CaM path, a waveform can be configured for which the induced energy is sufficiently above the background thermal noise energy. Under the correct physiological conditions, this waveform can have a physiologically significant bioeffect. The application of a SNR model of energy to Ca / CaM requires the knowledge of electrical equivalents of the kinetics of Ca2 + binding in CaM. Within the first-order linkage kinetics, changes in the concentration of Ca2 + bound at CaM binding sites over time in a frequency domain can be characterized by an equivalent link time constant, Ti0n = RionCion where Ri? n and Ci0n are the equivalent bond strength and capacitance of the ion link path. Ti? N refers to a link ratio constant, kb, through Tion = RionCon: = l / k The published values for kb - - can then be used in a cellular disposition model to evaluate the SNR by comparing the induced voltage by a PRF signal for thermal fluctuations in voltage at a CaM binding site. Using numerical values for the PMF response, such as Vmax = 6.5xl0 ~ 7 sec-1, [Ca2 +] = 2.5μM, Kb = 30μM, [Ca2 + CaM] = KD ([CaM]), kb = 665 sec is produced "1 (Ti0n = 1.5 msec) . Such a value for Tion can be used in an equivalent electrical circuit for ion bonding while the energy SNR analysis can be performed for any waveform structure. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a mathematical model can be configured to assimilate that thermal noise is present in all voltage-dependent processes and represents a minimum threshold requirement to establish the appropriate SNR. The spectral density of energy, Sn (?), Of thermal noise can be expressed as: Sn (?) = 4kT Re [ZM (x,?)] Where ZM (x,?) Is the electrical impedance of a target path structure, x is a dimension of an objective trajectory structure and Re denotes a real part of the impedance of a target trajectory structure. ZM (x,?) Can be expressed as: - This equation clearly shows that the electrical impedance of the target trajectory structure, and the contributions from the extracellular fluid resistance ("Re"), the intracellular fluid resistance ("Ri") and the intermembrane resistance ("Rg") ) that are electrically connected to a target path structure, all contribute to noise filtering. A typical procedure for SNR evaluation uses a single value of a mean square root (RMS) noise voltage. This is calculated by taking the square root of an integration of Sn (?) = 4kT Re [ZM (x ,?)] over all frequencies relevant to any full membrane response, or to the bandwidth of a target path structure. The SNR can be expressed by a relationship: SNR 1 A RMS where [VM (?)] Is the maximum voltage amplitude at each frequency supplied by a waveform selected for the target path structure. With reference to Figure 1, wherein Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for delivering electromagnetic signals to target trajectory structures such as molecules, cells, tissues and organs of plants, animals and humans, for therapeutic purposes and - - prophylactics according to one embodiment of the present invention. A mathematical model that has at least one waveform parameter is applied to configure at least one waveform to be coupled to a target trajectory structure such as a molecule, cell, tissue and organ (Step 101). The configured waveform satisfies an SNR or energy SNR model so that for a given known objective trajectory structure, it is possible to select at least one waveform parameter so that the waveform is detectable in the structure of objective trajectory above its background activity (Step 102) such as the thermal fluctuations of the base line in voltage and electrical impedance in a target trajectory structure that depends on the state of the cell and the tissue, ie, already whether the state is at least one of latent, growth, replacement and response to damage. A preferred embodiment of a generated electromagnetic signal is comprised of a burst of arbitrary waveforms having at least one waveform parameter including a plurality of frequency components ranging from about 0.01 Hz to about 100 MHz where the plurality of frequency components satisfies the energy SNR model (Step 102). A repetitive electromagnetic signal may be generated for example, inductively or capacitively, from said at least one - a configured waveform (Step 103). The electromagnetic signal is coupled to a target path structure such as a molecule, cell, tissue and organ by the output of a coupling device such as an electrode or an inductor, placed in close proximity to the target path structure (Step 104). The coupling increases a stimulus to which the cells and tissues react in a physiologically significant manner. Figure 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention. A miniature control circuit 201 is coupled to one end of at least one connector 202 such as a cable. The opposite end of the at least one connector is coupled to a coupling device such as a pair of electrical coils 203. The miniature control circuit 201 is constructed in a manner that is applied to a mathematical model used to configure waveforms. The configured waveforms have to satisfy an SNR or energy SNR model so that for a given known objective trajectory structure, it is possible to select waveform parameters that satisfy the SNR or the energy SNR so that the waveform is detectable in the objective trajectory structure above its background activity. A preferred embodiment according to the present invention is applied to a mathematical model for inducing a variable time magnetic field and a variable time electric field in an objective trajectory structure such as a molecule, cell, tissue and organ, comprising bursts of about 10 to about 100 msec of rectangular pulses of about 1 to about 100 microseconds which are repeated at about 0.1 to about 10 pulses per second. The peak amplitude of the electric field is between approximately 1 uV / cm and approximately 100 mV / cm, varied according to a modified 1 / f function where f = frequency. A waveform configured using a preferred embodiment according to the present invention can be applied to an objective path structure such as a molecule, cell, tissue and organ for a preferred total exposure time of from under 1 minute to 240 minutes daily. However, other exposure times may be used. The waveforms configured by the miniature control circuit 201 are directed to a coupling device 203 such as electric coils through a connector 202. The coupling device 203 supplies a pulsatile magnetic field configured in accordance with a mathematical model, which it can be used to provide treatment to an objective trajectory structure such as a knee joint 204. The miniature control circuit applies a pulsating magnetic field for a prescribed time and can automatically repeat the application of the pulsating magnetic field for as many applications as necessary. in a given period of time, for example 10 times a day. A preferred embodiment according to the present invention can be positioned to treat the knee joint 204 by a positioning device. The positioning device can be portable such as an anatomical support, and is further described below with reference to Figure 6. When electrical coils are used as the coupling device 203, the electrical coils can be energized with a variable time magnetic field that induces an electric field of variable time in a structure of objective trajectory according to Faraday's law. An electromagnetic signal generated by the coupling device 203 can also be applied using electrochemical coupling, wherein the electrodes are in direct contact with the skin or other electrically conductive limit of a target path structure. In yet another embodiment according to the present invention, the electromagnetic signal generated by the coupling device 203 can also be applied using electrostatic coupling where there is an air gap between the coupling device 203 such as an electrode, and the trajectory structure target - - such as a molecule, cell, tissue and organ. The coupling of a pulsatile magnetic field to a target path structure such as a molecule, cell, tissue and organ, therapeutically and prophylactically reduces inflammation, thereby reducing pain and promoting healing. An advantage of the preferred embodiment according to the present invention is that its ultra-light weight coils and its miniaturized circuitry allow its use with common treatment modalities of physical therapy and at any location in the body for which relief is desired. pain and scarring. An advantageous result of the application of the preferred embodiment according to the present invention is that the well-being of a living organism can be maintained and improved. Figure 3 illustrates a block diagram of a preferred embodiment according to the present invention of a miniature control circuit 300. The miniature control circuit 300 produces waveforms that activate a coupling device such as the cable coils described above. in Figure 2. The miniature control circuit can be activated by an activation means such as an on / off switch. The miniature control circuit 300 has a power source such as a lithium battery 301. A preferred embodiment of the power source has an output voltage of 3.3 V - - but other voltages can be used. In another embodiment according to the present invention, the power source can be an external power source such as an electrical current output such as an AC / DC output, coupled to the present invention, for example, by means of a plug and cable . A connection power supply 302 controls the voltage for a microcontroller 303. A preferred embodiment of the microcontroller 303 uses an 8 bit microcontroller 4 MHz 303 but other MHz bit combinations of microcontrollers may be used. The connection power supply 302 also supplies power to the storage capacitors 304. A preferred embodiment of the present invention uses storage capacitors having an output of 220 uF but other outputs can be used. The storage capacitors 304 allow to supply high frequency pulses to a coupling device such as inductors (Not shown). The micro controller 303 also controls a pulse configurator 305 and a pulsed phase time control 306. The pulse configurator 305 and the pulsed phase time control 306 determine the pulse configuration, the burst amplitude, the coating configuration of burst, and the repeat burst ratio. An integral waveform generator, such as a sine wave, may also be incorporated or an arbitrary number generator may be incorporated to provide specific waveforms. A voltage level conversion subcircuit 308 controls an induced field supplied to a target path structure. A connecting Hexfet 308 allows the random amplitude pulses to be supplied to the output 309 which guides the waveform to at least one coupling device such as an inductor. The microcontroller 303 can also control the total exposure time of a single treatment of a target path structure such as a molecule, cell, tissue and organ. The miniature control circuit 300 can be constructed to apply a pulsating magnetic field for a prescribed time and automatically repeat the application of the pulsating magnetic field for as many applications as necessary in a given period of time, for example 10 times a day. A preferred embodiment according to the present invention utilizes treatment times of about 10 minutes to about 30 minutes. With reference to Figures 4A and 4B a preferred embodiment according to the present invention of a coupling device 400 such as an inductor is shown. The coupling device 400 can be an electric coil 401 wound with flexible multi-cord magnetic cable 402. The flexible multi-cord magnetic cable 402 allows the electrical coil 401 to conform to specific anatomical configurations such as limb or joint of a human or an animal. A preferred embodiment of the electric coil 401 comprises approximately 10 to 50 turns of multi-strand magnetic cable of approximately 0.01 mm to approximately 0.1 mm in diameter wound in an initially circular manner having an external diameter of between approximately 2.5 cm and approximately 50 mm. cm but other numbers of turns and cable diameters can be used. A preferred embodiment of the electrical coil 401 can be enclosed with a non-toxic PVC mold 403 but other non-toxic molds can also be used. With reference to Figure 5 an embodiment according to the present invention of a waveform 500 is illustrated. A pulse 501 is repeated within a burst 502 having a finite duration 503. The duration 503 is such that the operating cycle , which can be defined as a ratio of the burst duration to the signal period, is between approximately 1 to approximately 10"5. preferred according to the present invention uses pseudo-rectangular pulses of 10 microseconds per pulse 501 applied in a burst 502 for about 10 to about 50 ms having a modified overlay 504 of 1 / f amplitude and with a finite duration 503 corresponding to a burst period of between about 0.1 and about 10 seconds. Figure 6 illustrates a preferred embodiment according to the present invention of a positioning device such as a wrist support. A positioning device 600 as a wrist support 601 is used in a human wrist 602. The positioning device can be constructed to be portable, it can be constructed to be disposable, and it can be built to be implanted. The positioning device can be used in combination with the present invention in a plurality of ways, for example by incorporating the present invention into the positioning device, for example, by sewing, by fixing the present invention on the positioning device, for example, by Sailboat (®, and holding the present invention in place by constructing the positioning device to be elastic.) In another embodiment according to the present invention, the present invention can be constructed as a self-standing device of any size with or without a placement, for use anywhere, for example, at home, in a clinic, in a treatment center, and outdoors The wrist support 601 can be made with any anatomical and support material, such as neoprene. they are integrated in - the wrist support 601 so that a signal configured in accordance with the present invention, for example the waveform illustrated in Figure 5, is applied from a dorsal portion which is the upper part of the wrist to a flat portion which is the lower part of the wrist. The micro circuitry 604 is attached to the exterior of the wrist support 601 using a fastening device such as Velero® (not shown). The micro circuitry is coupled to one end of at least one connection device such as a flexible cable 605. The other end of the at least one connection device is coupled to the coils 603. Other embodiments according to the present invention, of the positioning device include knee, elbow, lower back, shoulder, other anatomical wraps, and clothing such as clothing, wear accessories and footwear. Example 1 The energy SNR procedure for the PMF signal configuration has been experimentally tested on calcium dependent myosin phosphorylation in a standard enzyme analysis. The cell-free reaction mixture was selected to be of a linear phosphorylation ratio in time for several minutes, and by sub-saturation of the Ca 2+ concentration. This opens the biological window so that Ca2 + / CaM is sensitive to EMF. This system does not - responds to PMF at the levels used in this study if Ca2 + is at saturation levels with respect to CaM, and the reaction is not delayed at a time interval of one minute. Experiments were performed using myosin light chain ("MLC") and myosin light chain kinase ("MLCK") isolated from turkey proventriculus. The reaction mixture consisted of a basic solution containing 40 mM Hepes buffer, pH 7.9; 0.5 mM magnesium acetate; 1 mg / ml bovine serum albumin, 0.1% Tween 80 (w / v); and 1 mM of AFTA12. Free Ca2 + ranged in the range of 1-7 μM. Once the Ca 2+ buffer was established, 70 nM of freshly prepared CaM, 160 nM of MLC and 2 nM of MLCK were added to the basic solution to form a final reaction mixture. The low MLC / MLCK ratio allowed a linear time behavior in the time range in minutes. This provided reproducible enzyme activities and minimized pipetting time errors. The reaction mixture was prepared fresh daily for each series of experiments and aliquoted in 100 μl portions in 1.5 ml Eppendorf tubes. All Eppendorf tubes containing reaction mixture were kept at 0 ° C, then transferred to a specially designed water bath maintained at 37 ± 0.1 ° C by constant perfusion of preheated water by passing through a Fisher Scientific model heat exchanger 900. The temperature - - was monitored with a thermistor probe such as a Cole-Parmer model 8110-20, immersed in an Eppendorf tube during all experiments. The reaction was started with 2.5 μM of 32P ATP, and stopped with Laemmli Sample Buffer solution containing 30 μM EDTA. A minimum of five empty samples were counted in each experiment. The voids comprised a mixture of total analysis minus one of the active components Ca2 +, CaM, MLC or MLCK. Experiments for which void counts were greater than 300 cpm were rejected. Phosphorylation was allowed to proceed for 5 minutes and was evaluated by counting the 32P incorporated in MLC using a TM Analytic Model 5303 liquid scintillation counter. The signal comprised repetitive bursts of high frequency waveform. The amplitude remained constant at 0.2 G and the repetition ratio was 1 burst / second for all exposures. The duration of the burst ranged from 65 μsec to 1000 μsec based on projections from the SNR energy analysis that showed that the optimum energy SNR would be achieved as long as the burst duration reached 500 μsec. The results are shown in Figure 7 where the burst amplitude 701 in μsec is illustrated on the x axis and the phosphorylation of treated / simulated myosin 702 is illustrated on the y axis. It can be seen that the effect of PMF on the Ca2 + to CaM bond reaches its maximum at approximately - 500 μsec, just as illustrated by the energy SNR model. These results confirm that a PMF signal, configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, would maximize myosin phosphorylation for sufficient burst durations to achieve an optimum energy SNR for a given magnetic field amplitude. Example 2 In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the use of an energy SNR model in an in vivo model of wound repair was further verified. A rat wound model has been well characterized both biomechanically and biochemically, and was used in this study. Young adult Sprague Dawley rats weighing more than 300 grams were used. The animals were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal dose of Ketamine 75 mg / kg and Medetomidine 0.5 mg / kg. After achieving adequate anesthesia, the back was shaved, prepared with a dilute betadine / alcohol solution, and covered using sterile technique. Using a # 10 scalpel, a 8 cm linear incision was made through the skin down to the area of the back of each rat. The injured edges were abruptly dissected to break up any remaining dermal fiber, leaving a wound - - open about 4 cm in diameter. Hemostasis was obtained by applying pressure to avoid any damage to the skin edges. The skin edges were then closed with a running Ethilon 4-0 suture. Post-operatively, the animals received Buprenorphine 0.1-0.5 mg / kg, intraperitoneally. They were placed in individual cages and received food and water ad libitum. Exposure to PMF comprised two pulsatile radio frequency waveforms. The first was a standard clinical PRF signal comprising a burst of 65 μsec of sine waves of 27.12 MHz at an amplitude of 1 Gaus and was repeated at 600 bursts / sec. The second was a reconfigured PRF signal according to one embodiment of the present invention. For this signal the burst duration increased to 2000 μsec and the amplitude and repetition ratios were reduced to 0.2 G and 5 bursts / sec respectively. PRF was applied for 30 minutes twice daily. The resistance to tension was made immediately after the excision of the wound. Strips 1 cm wide of skin perpendicular to the cut of each sample were transected and used to measure the tensile strength in kg / mm2. The strips were excised from the same area in each rat to ensure the consistency of the measurement. The strips were then mounted on a tensiometer. The strips were loaded at 10 mm / min and recorded - the maximum force generated before removing the wound. The ultimate tensile strength for comparison was determined by taking the average of the maximum load in kilograms per mm2 of the two strips of the same wound. The results showed that the maximum tensile strength for the 1 Gauss PRF signal of 65 μsec was 19.2 ± 4.3 kg / mm2 for the exposed group against 13.0 ± 3.5 kg / mm2 for the control group (p < .01 ), which is an increase of 48%. In contrast, the average voltage resistance for the PRF signal of 0.2 Gaus of 2000 μsec, configured in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention using an energy SNR model was 21.2 ± 5.6 kg / mm2 for the group treated against 13.7 ± 4.1 kg / mm2 (p < .01) for the control group, which is an increase of 54%. The results for the two signals were not significantly different from each other. These results demonstrate that the embodiment of the present invention allowed to configure a new PRF signal that could be produced with a significantly lower energy. The PRF signal configured in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, accelerated the repair of wounds in the rat model with low energy against that for a clinical PRF signal that accelerated wound repair but required the production of more than two orders of more magnitude of energy.

- Example 3 In this example Jurkat cells react to the PMF stimulation of a T cell receptor with a cell cycle arrest and thus behave as normal T lymphocytes stimulated by antigens in the T cell receptor such as anti-CD3. For example, in bone healing, the results have shown that both 60 Hz fields and PEMF decrease DNA synthesis of Jurkat cells, as expected since PMF interacts with the T cell receptor in the absence of a costimulatory signal. This is consistent with an anti-inflammatory response, as has been observed in clinical applications of PMF stimulation. The PEMF signal is more effective. A dosimetry analysis performed according to an embodiment of the present invention demonstrates why both signals are effective and why PEMF signals have a greater effect than 60 Hz signals on Jurkat cells in most of the EMF-sensitive growth stage. . The comparison of dosimetry of the two signals used involves the evaluation of the ratio of the energy spectrum of the thermal noise voltage that is the energy SNR, to that of the voltage induced in the EMF-sensitive objective path structure. The objective trajectory structure used is ion binding at reception sites in Jurkat cells suspended in 2mm of culture medium. The electric field of average peak at the site of - - link from a PEMF signal comprising 5 msec burst of pulses of 200 μsec repeated at 15 / sec, was 1 mV / cm, while for a 60 Hz signal was 50 μV / cm. Figure 8 is a graph of results where the induced field frequency 801 in Hz is illustrated on the x axis and energy SNR 802 is illustrated on the y axis. Figure 8 illustrates that both signals have a sufficient energy spectrum which is the SNR of energy ~ 1, which is to be detected within a frequency range of the link kinetics. However, the maximum SNR of energy for the PEMF signal is significantly higher than that for the 60 Hz signal. This is because the PEMF signal has many frequency components that fall within the bandpass of the link path. The only frequency component of a 60 Hz signal lies at the midpoint of the bandpass of the target path. The calculation of the SNR of energy used in this example depends on Ti? N obtained from the ratio constant for the ion bond. If this calculation had been carried out a priori it would have been concluded that both signals satisfied the basic requirements of detectability and could modulate an EMF sensory ion binding pathway at the beginning of a regulation cascade for the synthesis of DNA in these cells. The previous examples illustrated that the use of the ratio constant for the Ca / CaM link could lead to successful projections for bioeffective EMF signals in a variety of systems. Having described the modalities for an apparatus and method for providing electromagnetic treatment to human, animal and plant molecules, cells, tissues and organs, it is noted that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It should be understood therefore that changes can be made to the particular embodiments of the invention described which are within the scope and essence of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (45)

1. - - CLAIMS 1. A method for the electromagnetic treatment of plants, animals and humans, comprising the steps of: configuring at least one waveform according to a mathematical model having at least one waveform parameter, to couple said waveform parameter minus one waveform to a target path structure using a waveform configuration means; selecting a value of said at least one waveform parameter in order to configure said at least one waveform to be detectable in said objective trajectory structure above the background activity in said objective trajectory structure; generating an electromagnetic signal from said at least one configured waveform, using a coupling device; and coupling said electromagnetic signal to said objective path structure using said coupling device. The method of claim 1 wherein said target path structure includes at least one of a molecule, a cell, a tissue and an organ. The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one waveform parameter includes at least one of a frequency component parameter that configures - said at least one waveform to be between 0.01 Hz to about 100 MHz, a burst amplitude overlay parameter that follows an arbitrary amplitude function, a burst amplitude overlay parameter that follows a defined amplitude function, a burst amplitude parameter that varies in each repetition according to an arbitrary amplitude function, a burst amplitude parameter that varies in each repetition according to a defined amplitude function, an induced peak electric field parameter that varies between approximately 1 μV / cm and approximately 100 mV / cm in said objective trajectory structure and an induced peak electric field parameter ranging from approximately 1 μT to approximately 0.1 T in said objective trajectory structure. The method of claim 3 wherein said defined amplitude function includes at least one of a 1 / frequency function, a logarithmic function, a chaotic function and an exponential function. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of selecting a value of at least one waveform parameter, further includes the step of selecting a value from said at least one waveform parameter to satisfy a model of the waveform. from Signal to Noise. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of selecting a value of at least one waveform parameter, further includes the step of selecting a value of said at least one waveform parameter to satisfy a model of Proportion from Signal to Energy Noise. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of generating an electromagnetic signal further includes the step of inductively generating said electromagnetic signal. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of generating an electromagnetic signal further includes the step of capacitive generation of said electromagnetic signal. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of coupling said electromagnetic signal further includes the step of coupling said electromagnetic signal electrochemically to said objective path structure. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of coupling said electromagnetic signal further includes the step of coupling said electromagnetic signal electrostatically to said objective path structure. The method of claim 1 wherein said coupling device includes an inductor. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein said coupling device includes an electrode. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using at least one of standard medical therapies and non-standard medical therapies in conjunction with said electromagnetic treatment. 14. The method of claim 1, which further comprises the step of using at least one of standard physical therapies and non-standard physical therapies in conjunction with said electromagnetic treatment. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using said electromagnetic treatment to modulate the production and utilization of growth factors, cytokines and regulatory substances by living cells. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using said electromagnetic treatment to modulate tissue growth and repair. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using said electromagnetic treatment to reduce chronic and acute pain of musculoskeletal and neural origin. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using said electromagnetic treatment to reduce edema. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using said electromagnetic treatment for the treatment of diabetic and pressure ulcers wherein said ulcers are chronic. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using said electromagnetic treatment for at least one of increasing blood flow and microvascular blood perfusion. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using said electromagnetic treatment for at least one of neovascularization and angiogenesis. 22. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using said electromagnetic treatment to increase the immune response for malignant and benign conditions. 23. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using said electromagnetic treatment to increase transudation. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of using a positioning device to deliver said electromagnetic treatment to said plants, animals and humans. The method of claim 24, wherein said positioning device comprises at least one of an anatomical support, an anatomical covering and clothing. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein said garment includes at least one of garments, wear accessories and footwear. The method of claim 24, wherein said waveform configuration means and said coupling device are portable. The method of claim 24, wherein said waveform configuration means and said coupling device are disposable. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein said waveform configuration means and said coupling device are implantable. 30. An electromagnetic treatment apparatus for plants, animals and humans, comprising: a waveform configuration means for configuring at least one waveform to be coupled to a target trajectory structure according to a mathematical model having the less a waveform parameter capable of being selected in order to configure said at least one waveform to be detectable in said objective trajectory structure above the background activity in said objective trajectory structure; and a coupling device connected to said waveform configuration means by at least one connection means for generating an electromagnetic signal from said at least one configured waveform and for coupling said electromagnetic signal to said trajectory structure. objective. 31. The electromagnetic processing apparatus of claim 30 wherein said target path structure includes at least one of a molecule, a cell, a tissue and an organ. The electromagnetic processing apparatus of claim 30 wherein said at least one waveform parameter includes at least one of a frequency component parameter that configures said at least one waveform to be between 0.01 Hz to about 100 MHz, a burst amplitude overlay parameter that follows an arbitrary amplitude function, a burst amplitude overlay parameter that follows a defined amplitude function, a burst amplitude parameter that varies in each repetition according to a function of arbitrary amplitude, a burst amplitude parameter varying in each repetition according to a defined amplitude function, an induced peak electric field parameter ranging from about 1 μV / cm to about 100 mV / cm in said trajectory structure target and a field parameter - magnetic electric induced peak that varies between approximately 1 μT and approximately 0.1 T in said objective trajectory structure. The electromagnetic processing apparatus of claim 30 wherein said defined amplitude function includes at least one of a 1 / frequency function, a logarithmic function, a chaotic function and an exponential function. 34. The electromagnetic processing apparatus of claim 30 wherein a value of said at least one waveform parameter is selected to satisfy a Model of Signal to Noise Ratio. 35. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of claim 30 wherein a value of said at least one waveform parameter is selected to satisfy a model of Signal Ratio to Energy Noise. 36. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of claim 30 wherein said coupling device includes an inductive generating coupling device. 37. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of claim 30 wherein said coupling device includes a capacitive generating coupling device. 38. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of - - Claim 30 wherein said coupling device includes an inductor. 39. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of claim 30 wherein said coupling device includes an electrode. 40. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of claim 30 further comprising a positioning device for positioning said electromagnetic treatment apparatus for delivering treatment to said plants, animals and humans. 41. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of claim 40 wherein said positioning device is at least one of an anatomical support, an anatomical coating and clothing. 42. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of claim 41, wherein said garment includes at least one of garments, wear accessories and footwear. 43. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of claim 30, wherein at least one of said waveform configuration means, connecting means and coupling device is portable. 44. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of claim 30, wherein at least one of said waveform configuration means, connecting means and coupling device is disposable. 45. The electromagnetic treatment apparatus of claim 30, wherein at least one of said waveform configuration means, connecting means and coupling device is implantable.