MXPA98001563A - Disposition of couples of contacts for the compensation of the diafonia to short distance - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement of at least two pairs of contacts (1, 2, 3, 4) for the compensation of short-distance crosstalk, in which from one contact area (5) one or both contacts ( 1, 2 or respectively 3,4) of a pair of contacts (1, 2, 3, 4) are formed with one or with multiple bends, in such a way that the contacts (1, 2 or respectively 3, 4) run after it again in parallel and the contacts (1, 3 or respectively 2, 4) of different pairs of contacts are separated from each other in such a way that crosstalk is generated in phase opposition with respect to the contact area (

Description

COMPENSATION OF THE SHORT DISTANCE DIAPHONY The invention refers to an arrangement of pairs of contacts for the compensation of short-distance crosstalk according to the preamble of claim 1. Due to a magnetic and electrical coupling between two pairs of contacts, a pair of contacts induces a current in adjacent pairs of contacts or causes electrical charges, so that a crosstalk is reached. In order to avoid short-distance crosstalk, the contact pairs can be arranged very far apart or a screening can be arranged between the pairs of contacts. If the pairs of contacts must nevertheless be arranged structurally very close to each other, the measures described above can not be carried out and the crosstalk must be compensated at close range. A known method for short-distance crosstalk reduction in plugs is the compensation behind the plug contacts. This is produced by a selective additional coupling, which however, in contrast to the coupling in the contact area, represents a component in phase opposition and thereby reduces the total crosstalk. For this, a pair of conductive lines is crossed selectively behind the plug contact, so that an additional coupling in phase opposition is produced behind the crossing point. Alternatively, as known from EP 0 525 703, the compensation can be produced by additional discrete capacitors behind the plug contact. It is disadvantageous in this method of compensation that the length of the contacts or the distance between the center of the contact and the place of compensation establish a physical limit to the magnitude of the compensation for high frequencies, in such a way that this type of compensation is employable only conditionally for higher transmission speeds. create an array of contact pairs for which short-distance crosstalk compensation is guaranteed also for higher transmission speeds. It is another technical object of the invention to create a contact pair arrangement that is also compatible with the connectors used hitherto. The solution of the technical problem results from the features of claim 1. In the case of higher transmission frequencies, a sufficient damping of crosstalk is also achieved, since one or several times one or both contacts of a pair of crossovers are layered. contacts from a contact area in such a way that the contacts then run again in parallel and the distance between the contacts of different pairs of contacts is formed in such a way that crosstalk is generated in phase opposition to crosstalk in the contact area , which in the ideal case are compensated exactly. With this, the compensation is integrated directly into the contact, without physically crossing the various contacts, with which the limit of the compensation effect is shifted to higher frequencies. The concrete structuring of the contacts in the compensation zone depends strongly on how the contacts of the various pairs of contacts in the contact area are shaped relative to one another, for example, adjacent to one another or interleaved with each other. It is common, however, that in the case of a displacement of the pairs of contacts with respect to each other, there is always a position in which a complete decoupling occurs and through the decoupled position a crosstalk occurs in phase opposition. By bending the contacts, they are guided exactly to this position. Other advantageous structures of the invention result from the dependent claims. If the contacts of a pair of contacts are arranged in parallel and side by side in the e-zone, just when the distance between the contacts of different contact pairs is less than the distance between the contacts of a pair of contacts, in front of which, in the case of pairs of contacts interspersed symmetrically, occurs when the surfaces covered by the contacts of a pair of contacts comprise an angle a <; 90 * (for 90 ° the decoupled position is just). By the at least partially flattened formation of the contacts, the capacity between the contacts is increased, so that the compensation increases, since this acts as the increase of the surface of a capacitor plate. In another preferred embodiment, respectively, a contact of a pair of contacts is bent or bent, fwing the prolongation of the same direction, again towards its corresponding contact, until the smaller distance again generates a crosstalk which is in phase with crosstalk in the contact area. In this embodiment, the crosstalk in phase opposition is chosen just such that it is equal to the sum of the crosstalk in the contact area and the additional crosstalk, the crosstalk in phase being additionally preferably chosen with the same value as crosstalk in the contact area. In order to limit the compensation area in the direction of a connection cable to be contacted, the contacts can be extended in an uncoupled situation or a screening can be arranged between the pairs of contacts. The invention is explained below with the aid of a preferred embodiment. The figures show: FIG. 1 a perspective representation of two pairs of contacts with a compensation in phase opposition, FIG. 2 another arrangement of two pairs of contacts with a compensation in opposite perspective, FIG. 3 another arrangement of two pairs. of contacts with a compensation in opposition of phase in perspective representation, figure 4 another arrangement of two pairs of contacts with a compensation in phase opposition in perspective representation, figure 5 a perspective representation of two pairs of contacts with a compensation in phase opposition and phase compensation, figure 6 the pinout of an RJ-45 connector (state of the art), figure 7a two pairs of contacts interspersed with crosstalk, figure 7b an arrangement for compensation of crosstalk in the case of an arrangement according to figure 7a, figure 8 a representation esq uematic of the coupling conditions of an arrangement with 4 pairs of contacts with partial interleaving, Figure 9 an arrangement of the two pairs of contacts interleaved in a female socket for high transmission frequencies while having compatibility with male plugs according to the state of the art, Fig. 10 an arrangement of the two pairs of contacts interspersed in a male plug for high transmission frequencies, Fig. 11 an arrangement of a contact of a pair of contacts with adjacent contacts with respect to a contiguous contact of a pair of contacts with figure 12 an arrangement of three pairs of contacts in a female socket for high transmission frequencies, in which two pairs of contacts are interspersed with each other, figure 13 an arrangement of three pairs of contacts in a male plug for high transmission frequencies, in which two pairs of c contacts are interspersed with each other, Figure 14 is an arrangement of a contact of a pair of contacts with adjacent contacts with respect to a contiguous contact of a pair of contacts with interleaved contacts, Figure 15 a contact arrangement of four pairs of contacts in an female plug for high transmission frequencies and total compatibility with known RJ45 male plugs, Figure 16 a contact arrangement of four pairs of contacts in a male plug for a female plug according to Figure 15, Figure 17 an arrangement of the four pairs of contacts in the connection area of the socket according to FIG. 15 and FIG. 18 an arrangement of three pairs of contacts arranged under a screening plate in the connection area of a plug according to FIG. 16.

Figure 1 shows a perspective representation of an arrangement of two pairs of contacts 1, 2 and 3, 4 which are respectively formed with a contact area 5 to contact a conjugated part. If pairs of contacts 1, 2 and 3, 4 were arranged in, female plug. Here, both contacts 1, 2 or 3, 4 belonging to a pair of contacts 1, 2; 3, 4 are first respectively prolonged after the contact area 5 in opposite directions and are then bent again in the same direction. With this, the distance between contacts 1, 3 or 2, 4 is less than the distance between contacts 1 and 2 or respectively 3 and 4, whereby crosstalk in this area has a polarity opposite to crosstalk in the area of contact 5, where the pair of contacts 1, 2 induces currents or causes loads in the pair of contacts 3, 4. By means of the crosstalk in phase opposition, the crosstalk at short distance in the contact zone 5 is thereby selectively compensated , alone or together with a possible crosstalk in the conjugate piece. This compensation can be reinforced by a flattened configuration of the contacts 1, 2, 3, 4, since by increasing the surfaces situated opposite each other in the contacts 1, 3 or 2, 4 the capacity between the respective contacts increases proportionally. 1, 3 or 2, 4. The magnitude for the crosstalk in phase opposition must correspond, in order to achieve a total compensation, exactly to the crosstalk at short distance in the contact zone 5. Therefore, the compensation zone can be limited in direction towards a possible connection cable by means of a screening between the pairs of contacts 1, 2; 3, 4. Alternatively contacts 1, 2, 3, 4 can be extended in an uncoupled situation. Figure 2 shows an alternative arrangement with two contact pairs 1, 2; 3, 4, in which the contacts 1, 3 are bent from the contact area 5 firstly at 90 * with respect to their associated contacts 2, 4 and then they are again bent 90 °, namely in such a way that the contacts 1, 3 are always arranged parallel to each other, and all the contacts 1, 2, 3, 4 are arranged parallel to each other in the compensation zone. In the, and 3 or respectively 2 and 4 is then smaller than between the contacts 1, 2 or respectively 3, 4 of a pair of associated contacts 1, 2; 3, 4. For the termination of the compensation zone, the contacts 1, 3 are then bent twice again, so that the contacts 1, 2, 3, 4 are then again arranged with respect to each other correspondingly to the contact zone 5 or, as explained above, for example, they are prolonged in an uncoupled situation. Figure 3 shows another alternative embodiment, in which contacts 1, 3 are guided backwards to form a loop. An embodiment is shown in FIG. 4, which represents a combination of the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 3. An array of contact pairs 1, 2 is shown in FIG. 5; 3, 4, in which both a compensation in phase opposition and a short-range crosstalk compensation in the contact area 5 are caused. The compensation in phase opposition is achieved here by a corresponding contact shaping. according to FIG. 1, the contacts 1, 2, 3, 4 being shaped in this embodiment. Following this first compensation zone 6, the contacts 2, 4 are again elbowed and extended towards their associated contacts 1, 3. Following this, the contacts 2, 4 are again bent, so that all the contacts 1 , 2, 3, 4 run parallel to each other. Through this, the contact couples 1, 2; 3, 4 induce or provoke respectively currents or charges in the other pair of contacts 3, 4; 1, 2. This generated crosstalk is again in phase with crosstalk in the contact area 5. The area in which the contacts 1, 2, 3, 4 are guided in parallel defines a second compensation zone 7, which partially neutralizes again the effect of the compensation zone 6. The basic idea in this is to overcompensate firstly the on a ex s in eya with ac compensates overcompensation, which leads to a stronger deadening of the crosstalk, so that the arrangement can operate at even higher frequencies. Preferably, the crosstalk is selected in the compensation area 7 with the same value as the crosstalk in the contact area 5. For the limitation of the compensation zone 7, the pair of contacts 3, 4 is again formed with two bends, so that the two pairs of contacts 1, 2 or respectively 3, 4 are guided parallel in an uncoupled position towards their corresponding connection cables. The preceding embodiments according to figures 1-5 are fundamentally suitable for ultipolar connectors. In order to achieve compatibility with the already existing connectors, in particular with respect to the mechanical dimensions and the pinning, additional measures are necessary. For this purpose, the provision of pins for an RJ-45 plug is shown by way of example in FIG. The RJ-45 plug is the most widespread connector for symmetrical data cables, for which in Category 5 with a corresponding socket you can get between the four pairs of conductors a damping of crosstalk > 40 dB for a transmission frequency of 100 MHz. As can be seen from figure 6, the associated contacts of a pair of contacts are not always located immediately next to each other, but both pairs of central contacts 13, 16 and 14, 15 are interspersed, which results in a particularly strong crosstalk. In figure 7a the interleaved arrangement of pairs of contacts 13, 16 is shown; 14, 15 with an excitation voltage UG in the pair of external contacts 13, 16 and a crosstalk voltage caused by Us in the pair of inner contacts 14, 15. Due to the small distances between the contacts 13 and 14 respectively 15 and 16, the crosstalk voltage has the same sign as the voltage s. In the foregoing considerations, a position can be found for the contacts 14 and 16 in which a complete decoupling between the pairs of contacts 13, 16 is achieved; 14, 15, namely when the two planes defined by the contact pairs 13, 16; 14, 15 are located vertically one above the other. If the contacts 14, 16 continue to be displaced, the crosstalk voltage Us varies its sign, which can be used for the previously described compensation and is shown in FIG. 7b. In an RJ45 connector, however, mixed conditions exist, ie the contacts of a pair of contacts are partially situated side by side and partially interleaved. A contact arrangement must therefore be created, in which all four pairs of contacts are uncoupled from each other at the same time. With four pairs of contacts there are six couplings between the pairs of contacts, whose force is represented by the line thickness in figure 8. Next, the conformation of a connector compatible with known RJ45 connectors is explained in the following. As a first step, crosstalk in general is reduced as much as possible by means of structural variations, making the contacts run parallel to the socket only in the area of contact with the plug and in the area of necessary conduits. The large contact surfaces in the plug are also replaced by small contacts. Due to the conditioning by the partially interleaved arrangement of the contact pairsHowever, for all combinations, a desired crosstalk of 50 dB for 300 MHz can not be achieved, so that the compensation measures described above should be applied. For compatibility, apart from an identical pin array and the same geometrical dimensions, compatibility with the plug according to the prior art must also be known, ie the socket must satisfy, in combination with the known male plug, category 5 ( crosstalk damping >; 40 dB for a transmission frequency of 100 MHz). Therefore, a correspondingly large compensation is necessary between the contact pairs 13, 16; 14, 15 in the socket, so that the high crosstalk values of the plug according to the state of the art can be compensated. This compensation is greater than would be necessary for a male plug for high frequency according to the invention. In contrast to this, however, the compensation must be as small as possible, in order to achieve the highest possible transmission frequencies in the combination of high frequency male plug and high frequency female plug. These opposite requirements require a compromise, with a lower value chosen for the compensation than is necessary for the crosstalk of the category 5 plug. This is also possible, since for category 5 only 40 dB is required for a transmission frequency of 100 MHz and an exact compensation is not necessary. A possible arrangement of the contact partners 13, 16; 14, 15 for the socket is shown in FIG. 9, which is essentially based on the principle according to FIG. 3. Next to the compensation zone, respectively associated contacts 13, 16 or 14, 15 are brought together. . The very large distance already generates only a very small crosstalk and can be included in the compensation when building the socket. The arrangement consists of compensation loops, which are curved alternately to the right and to the left. Each individual contact 13-16 consists both now and before in a two-dimensional arrangement. Since the compensation is practically integrated in the contact area, the compensation is spatially located very close to the crosstalk site and produces a very high limit frequency. In the contact area of the male plug for rec onu ng or as an em bers, ac 13-16 are located parallel to each other as in the socket and reinforce crosstalk, which is already generated in the contact area. of the female plug. The male plug and the female plug are then adjusted to each other and generate a maximum cushioning of the crosstalk, when the crosstalk of the male plug and the female plug is equal in value to the compensation that is generated in the female plug through the loops of compensation. Due to the relatively large necessary compensation in the socket, the crosstalk in the male plug for high frequency must be artificially increased. For this, the contacts 13-16 are prolonged in parallel, as shown in FIG. 10. In order to precisely limit the crosstalk in the male plug, a shielding is provided between the two pairs of contacts 13, 16 after the compensation area; 14, 15 arranged very close to each other, which reaches the area of the connection to the cable. As a next step, consider how to arrange the pair of contacts 11, 12 in the socket and the plug. The crosstalk between the closely adjacent contacts 12 and 13 is critical in particular. A selective compensation between the pairs of contacts 11, 12 and 13, 16 by means of another appropriate compensation loop of both contacts 11, 12 is not possible, since this compensation loop would also result in an undesired coupling to the compensation loop of the contacts. contacts 14, 15. Therefore, both contacts 12 and 13 are formed in the contact area parallel but in the opposite direction to each other, as can be seen from figure 11, that is to say the signal currents flow from the zone of contact. contact in opposite directions, through which a magnetic coupling is largely suppressed. The remaining electrical coupling is so small that crosstalk damping can be achieved > 50 dB for 300 MHz. As no compensating loop is required, the contact 11 is guided parallel to the con tact, provisional contact for the socket according to figure 12. After the contact area, the prolongation of the contact occurs. the contact pair 11, 12 in an uncoupled situation with respect to the contact partners 13, 16; 14, 15. This leads to a good decoupling with respect to the pair of contacts 13, 16. The shape of the contact 12 with respect to the contact 14 is inconvenient, since they are disposed one with respect to the other in the same direction, being however the damping of crosstalk is still good enough due to the double distance. Figure 13 shows the arrangement of the pair of contacts 11, 12 in the male plug. To maintain the crosstalk on the adjacent contacts 13-16 as small as possible, both contacts 11, 12 are guided downward in the opposite direction to them. For the arrangement of the contact pair 17, 18, the crosstalk between the contacts 17, 16 is particularly critical. Correspondingly to the embodiments for the pair of contacts 11, 12, a compensation loop in the socket is also discarded here, since that this would result in an undesired crosstalk in the pair of contacts 14, 15. Therefore, according to Figure 14, a compensation is first given up and to avoid magnetic induction the contact 17 is formed parallel to the contact 16 in the opposite direction. the contact area. As compensation was waived, the contact 18 runs parallel to the contact 17, so that the contact arrangement shown in figure 15 for the female plug results. Following the contact area, the contact pair 17, 18 is extended in a situation uncoupled from the other pairs of contacts. As the compensation loops of the pairs of contacts 13, 16 or respectively 14, 15 generate lateral fields, both contacts 17, 18 are electrically and magnetically influenced in this area. Inequality of contacts has the same or smaller than a corresponding crosstalk. Figure 16 shows the arrangement of complete contact pairs for the male plug. The contact 17 is formed there again in the opposite direction to the contact 16, in order to achieve a good decoupling. As some measurements have shown that between pairs of contacts 17, 18 and 13, 16 in the female plug does not achieve a sufficient damping of crosstalk, a corresponding compensation in the male plug is necessary. Therefore, the contact 18 runs in the same direction as the contact 16, and in parallel a section. In order to preserve the results obtained in relation to the uncoupling and compensation of the contacts, the prolongation of the contacts towards the connection zone must be performed in a correspondingly decoupled manner. For this, on the one hand, there is the possibility of using shield plates or, on the other hand, of guiding the contacts in an uncoupled situation. Due to the different arrangement of contacts between the female plug and the male plug, different preconditions are also established for the search for an uncoupled situation. A possible arrangement of the contacts 11-18 in the connection area of the socket is shown in figure 17. Due to the large distance between the pairs of contacts 13, 16 and 14, 15, their crosstalk is small and negligible for a adequate provision of compensation. The two pairs of external contacts 11, 12 and 17, 18 are arranged on a magnetic field line of the pairs of internal contacts 13, 16 and 14, 15, which results in a total decoupling. For a distance between contacts a result for the necessary decoupling according to a certain calculation b = 2.915a and c = 2.78a. A screening plate is arranged in the plug in the connection area, the pair of contacts 13, 16 being arranged above and the other three shieldings arranged. To ensure a decoupling between the contact pairs below the screening plate, the contacts of a pair of contacts are arranged offset from each other, so that the pairs of contacts are located on corresponding equipotential lines of the other pairs of contacts, what is represented in figure 18.

Claims (17)

1. CLAIMS 1. An arrangement of at least two pairs of contacts, characterized in that from one contact area (5) one or both contacts (1, 2 or respectively 3, 4) of a pair of contacts (1, 2; 3, 4) are formed with one or with multiple bends in such a way that the contacts (1, 2 or respectively 3, 4) run after them again in parallel and the distance between the contacts (1, 3 or respectively 2, 4) of different The contact pairs are formed in such a way that in this zone a crosstalk is generated in phase opposition with respect to the contact zone (5).
2. 2. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the contacts (1, 2 or respectively 3, 4) of a pair of contacts (1, 2;
3. 3. 4) are arranged symmetrically next to each other in the contact area (5) and the distance in the compensation zone between the contacts (1, 3 or respectively 2, 4) of different pairs of contacts is less than the distance between the contacts. contacts (1, 2 or respectively 3, 4) of a pair of contacts (1, 2; 3, 4). 3. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the contacts (13, 16 or respectively 14, 15) of a pair of contacts (13, 16; 14, 15) are arranged interchangeably with each other symmetrically in the contact area (5), and the planes defined between the contacts (13, 16 and 14, 15) in the compensation zone comprise an angle a < 90 °.
4. 4. An arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the contacts (1, 2 or respectively 3, 4) of each of the pairs of contacts (1, 2; 3, 4) extend from the contact area. contact (5) in opposite directions and after that they are shaped in an angled manner in the same direction.
5. 5. An arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the contacts (1, 2 or respectively 3, 4) of each of the pairs of sense in the contact area (5).
6. 6. An arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the contacts (1, 2 or respectively 3, 4) of one of the pairs of contacts (1, 2; 3, 4) are formed parallel and in opposite directions. each other in the contact zone (5).
7. 7. An arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the contacts (1, 2, 3, 4) are formed at least partially flattened. An arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contacts (1, 3 or 2, 4) are formed after the prolongation of the same direction in an angled manner towards the associated contacts (2, 4 or 1, 3) of each of the pairs of contacts (1, 2, 3, 4), so that the smaller distance between the contacts (2, 3) generates a crosstalk in phase with respect to the contact area (5). 9. An arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the limitation of the compensation zone (6, 7) the contacts (1, 2, 3, 4) are prolonged in a situation uncoupled from each other, or between pairs of contacts (1, 2; 3, 4) a screening is arranged. An arrangement according to one of the preceding claims for the female connector of a connector with four pairs of contacts, whose internal pairs of contacts are interleaved with one another, characterized in that the associated contacts (13, 16 or respectively 14, 15) of the contacts pairs of inner contacts (13, 16, 14, 15) are arranged parallel to and in opposite directions to each other in the contact area (5), and then to the contact area (5) they are guided with respect to each other in the form of tie. 11. An arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the contacts (11, 12) of the first pair of external contacts (11, 12) are arranged uninterruptedly parallel to each other, being opposite the contact (13) closest to the pairs of internal contacts (13, 16; 14, 15) in the contact area (5). 12. An arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that the contacts (17, 18) of the second pair of external contacts (17, 18) are arranged continuously in parallel with each other, the contact (17) being guided parallel and in the direction opposite to the closest contact (16) of the pairs of internal contacts (13, 16; 14, 15) in the contact area (5). An arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that both pairs of external contacts (11, 12; 17, 18) are arranged in the connection area on a magnetic field line of the pairs of internal contacts (13, 16; 14 , fifteen). 14. A contact pair arrangement of a plug for a socket according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the contacts (15, 16 or respectively 13, 14) are guided parallel beyond the contact area ( 5) and then the contacts (14, 15) of one of the pairs of contacts (14, 15) are bent twice so that the pairs of contacts (13, 16; 14, 15) are in a practically situation decoupled from each other or are decoupled from each other by means of a screening plate (19) disposed between the pairs of contacts (13, 16; 14, 15). 15. An arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that the contacts (11, 12) of the first pair of external contacts (11, 12) are continuously formed parallel to each other, the contact (12) being arranged parallel and in the direction opposite to the closest contact (14) of the pairs of inner contacts (13, 16; 14, 15) in the contact area (5). 16. An arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that the contacts (17, 18) of the second parallel and opposite to each other in the contact area (5), and subsequently are extended in the form of a compensation loop , the contact (18) being arranged in the same direction as the contact (16) in the contact zone (5) and parallel in the area of the compensation loop. 17. An arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that a screening plate (19) is arranged in the connection zone, above which the first pair of internal contacts (13, 16) is arranged and below which contact pairs (11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18) are arranged, the pairs of lower contacts (11, 12; 14, 15; 17, 18) being arranged on an equipotential surface of the remaining pairs of contacts respectively. contacts The invention relates to an arrangement of at least two pairs of contacts (1, 2, 3, 4) for the compensation of short-distance crosstalk, in which from one contact area (5) one or both contacts ( 1, 2 or respectively 3, 4) of a pair of contacts (1, 2, 3, 4) are formed with one or with multiple bends, in such a way that the contacts (1, 2 or respectively 3, 4) run after it again in parallel and the contacts (1, 3 or respectively 2, 4) of different pairs of contacts are separated from each other in such a way that crosstalk is generated in phase opposition with respect to the contact area (5). (Figure 1)