Displaying 1-10 of 20 results found.
The nonnegative even numbers: a(n) = 2n.
(Formerly M0985)
+10
751
0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120
COMMENTS
-2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -12, -14, ... are the trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. - Vivek Suri (vsuri(AT)jhu.edu), Jan 24 2008
If a 2-set Y and an (n-2)-set Z are disjoint subsets of an n-set X then a(n-2) is the number of 2-subsets of X intersecting both Y and Z. - Milan Janjic, Sep 19 2007 Omitting the initial zero gives the number of prime divisors with multiplicity of product of terms of n-th row of A077553. - Ray Chandler, Aug 21 2003 The number of hydrogen atoms in straight-chain (C(n)H(2n+2)), branched (C(n)H(2n+2), n > 3), and cyclic, n-carbon alkanes (C(n)H(2n), n > 2). - Paul Muljadi, Feb 18 2010 For n >= 1; a(n) = the smallest numbers m with the number of steps n of iterations of {r - (smallest prime divisor of r)} needed to reach 0 starting at r = m. See A175126 and A175127. A175126(a(n)) = A175126( A175127(n)) = n. Example (a(4)=8): 8-2=6, 6-2=4, 4-2=2, 2-2=0; iterations has 4 steps and number 8 is the smallest number with such result. - Jaroslav Krizek, Feb 15 2010 a(k) is the (Moore lower bound on and the) order of the (k,4)-cage: the smallest k-regular graph having girth four: the complete bipartite graph with k vertices in each part. - Jason Kimberley, Oct 30 2011 Let n be the number of pancakes that have to be divided equally between n+1 children. a(n) is the minimal number of radial cuts needed to accomplish the task. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Sep 18 2013 For n > 0, a(n) is the largest number k such that (k!-n)/(k-n) is an integer. - Derek Orr, Jul 02 2014 a(n) when n > 2 is also the number of permutations simultaneously avoiding 213, 231 and 321 in the classical sense which can be realized as labels on an increasing strict binary tree with 2n-1 nodes. See A245904 for more information on increasing strict binary trees. - Manda Riehl Aug 07 2014 It appears that for n > 2, a(n) = A020482(n) + A002373(n), where all sequences are infinite. This is consistent with Goldbach's conjecture, which states that every even number > 2 can be expressed as the sum of two prime numbers. - Bob Selcoe, Mar 08 2015 Number of partitions of 4n into exactly 2 parts. - Colin Barker, Mar 23 2015 Number of neighbors in von Neumann neighborhood. - Dmitry Zaitsev, Nov 30 2015 Unique solution b( ) of the complementary equation a(n) = a(n-1)^2 - a(n-2)*b(n-1), where a(0) = 1, a(1) = 3, and a( ) and b( ) are increasing complementary sequences. - Clark Kimberling, Nov 21 2017 Also the maximum number of non-attacking bishops on an (n+1) X (n+1) board (n>0). (Cf. A000027 for rooks and queens (n>3), A008794 for kings or A030978 for knights.) - Martin Renner, Jan 26 2020 Integer k is even positive iff phi(2k) > phi(k), where phi is Euler's totient ( A000010) [see reference De Koninck & Mercier]. - Bernard Schott, Dec 10 2020 Number of 3-permutations of n elements avoiding the patterns 132, 213, 312 and also number of 3-permutations avoiding the patterns 213, 231, 321. See Bonichon and Sun. - Michel Marcus, Aug 20 2022
REFERENCES
T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, page 2.
J.-M. De Koninck and A. Mercier, 1001 Problèmes en Théorie Classique des Nombres, Problème 529a pp. 71 and 257, Ellipses, 2004, Paris.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
FORMULA
G.f.: 2*x/(1-x)^2.
G.f. with interpolated zeros: 2x^2/((1-x)^2 * (1+x)^2); e.g.f. with interpolated zeros: x*sinh(x). - Geoffrey Critzer, Aug 25 2012 a(n) = 2*n = Product_{k=1..2*n-1} 2*sin(Pi*k/(2*n)), n >= 0 (undefined product := 1). See an Oct 09 2013 formula contribution in A000027 with a reference. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 10 2013 Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = log(2)/2 = (1/2)* A002162 = (1/10)* A016655. (End) Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)^2 = Pi^2/24 = A222171. Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n)^2 = Pi^2/48 = A245058. (End)
EXAMPLE
G.f. = 2*x + 4*x^2 + 6*x^3 + 8*x^4 + 10*x^5 + 12*x^6 + 14*x^7 + 16*x^8 + ...
PROG
(Magma) [ 2*n : n in [0..100]];
(R) seq(0, 200, 2)
(Haskell)
a005843 = (* 2)
CROSSREFS
Cf. A000027, A002061, A005408, A001358, A077553, A077554, A077555, A002024, A087112, A157888, A157889, A140811, A157872, A157909, A157910, A165900. Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), A027383 (k=3), A062318 (k=4), A061547 (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), this sequence (g=4), A002522 (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 30 2011 Cf. A231200 (boustrophedon transform).
1, 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, 50, 65, 82, 101, 122, 145, 170, 197, 226, 257, 290, 325, 362, 401, 442, 485, 530, 577, 626, 677, 730, 785, 842, 901, 962, 1025, 1090, 1157, 1226, 1297, 1370, 1445, 1522, 1601, 1682, 1765, 1850, 1937, 2026, 2117, 2210, 2305, 2402, 2501
COMMENTS
An n X n nonnegative matrix A is primitive (see A070322) iff every element of A^k is > 0 for some power k. If A is primitive then the power which should have all positive entries is <= n^2 - 2n + 2 (Wielandt). a(n) = Phi_4(n), where Phi_k is the k-th cyclotomic polynomial.
As the positive solution to x=2n+1/x is x=n+sqrt(a(n)), the continued fraction expansion of sqrt(a(n)) is {n; 2n, 2n, 2n, 2n, ...}. - Benoit Cloitre, Dec 07 2001 a(n) is one less than the arithmetic mean of its neighbors: a(n) = (a(n-1) + a(n+1))/2 - 1. E.g., 2 = (1+5)/2 - 1, 5 = (2+10)/2 - 1. - Amarnath Murthy, Jul 29 2003 Equivalently, the continued fraction expansion of sqrt(a(n)) is (n;2n,2n,2n,...). - Franz Vrabec, Jan 23 2006 Number of {12,1*2*,21}-avoiding signed permutations in the hyperoctahedral group.
The number of squares of side 1 which can be drawn without lifting the pencil, starting at one corner of an n X n grid and never visiting an edge twice is n^2-2n+2. - Sébastien Dumortier, Jun 16 2005 Also, numbers m such that m^3 - m^2 is a square, (n*(1 + n^2))^2. - Zak SeidovFor n >= 1, a(n-1) is the minimal number of choices from an n-set such that at least one particular element has been chosen at least n times or each of the n elements has been chosen at least once. Some games define "matches" this way; e.g., in the classic Parker Brothers, now Hasbro, board game Risk, a(2)=5 is the number of cards of three available types (suits) required to guarantee at least one match of three different types or of three of the same type (ignoring any jokers or wildcards). - Rick L. Shepherd, Nov 18 2007 Positive X values of solutions to the equation X^3 + (X - 1)^2 + X - 2 = Y^2. To prove that X = n^2 + 1: Y^2 = X^3 + (X - 1)^2 + X - 2 = X^3 + X^2 - X - 1 = (X - 1)(X^2 + 2X + 1) = (X - 1)*(X + 1)^2 it means: (X - 1) must be a perfect square, so X = n^2 + 1 and Y = n(n^2 + 2). - Mohamed Bouhamida, Nov 29 2007 Appears in A054413 and A086902 in relation to sequences related to the numerators and denominators of continued fractions convergents to sqrt((2*n)^2/4 + 1), n=1, 2, 3, ... . - Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 12 2010 For n > 0, continued fraction [n,n] = n/a(n); e.g., [5,5] = 5/26. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 15 2010 The only real solution of the form f(x) = A*x^p with negative p which satisfies f^(m)(x) = f^[-1](x), x >= 0, m >= 1, with f^(m) the m-th derivative and f^[-1] the compositional inverse of f, is obtained for m=2*n, p=p(n)= -(sqrt(a(n))-n) and A=A(n)=(fallfac(p(n),2*n))^(-p(n)/(p(n)+1)), with fallfac(x,k):=Product_{j=0..k-1} (x-j) (falling factorials). See the T. Koshy reference, pp. 263-4 (there are also two solutions for positive p, see the corresponding comment in A087475). - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 21 2010 n + sqrt(a(n)) = [2*n;2*n,2*n,...] with the regular continued fraction with period 1. This is the even case. For the general case see A087475 with the Schroeder reference and comments. For the odd case see A078370. a(n-1) counts configurations of non-attacking bishops on a 2 X n strip [Chaiken et al., Ann. Combin. 14 (2010) 419]. - R. J. Mathar, Jun 16 2011 If h (5,17,37,65,101,...) is prime is relatively prime to 6, then h^2-1 is divisible by 24. - Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 14 2014 a(n) is also the number of permutations simultaneously avoiding 213 and 321 in the classical sense which can be realized as labels on an increasing strict binary tree with 2n-1 nodes. See A245904 for more information on increasing strict binary trees. - Manda Riehl, Aug 07 2014 a(n-1) is the maximum number of stages in the Gale-Shapley algorithm for finding a stable matching between two sets of n elements given an ordering of preferences for each element (see Gura et al.). - Melvin Peralta, Feb 07 2016 Because of Fermat's little theorem, a(n) is never divisible by 3. - Altug Alkan, Apr 08 2016 For n > 0, if a(n) points are placed inside an n X n square, it will always be the case that at least two of the points will be a distance of sqrt(2) units apart or less. - Melvin Peralta, Jan 21 2017 Also the limit as q->1^- of the unimodal polynomial (1-q^(n*k+1))/(1-q) after making the simplification k=n. The unimodal polynomial is from O'Hara's proof of unimodality of q-binomials after making the restriction to partitions of size <= 1. See G_1(n,k) from arXiv:1711.11252. As the size restriction s increases, G_s->G_infinity=G: the q-binomials. Then substituting k=n and q=1 yields the central binomial coefficients: A000984. - Bryan T. Ek, Apr 11 2018 a(n) is the smallest number congruent to both 1 (mod n) and 2 (mod n+1). - David James Sycamore, Apr 04 2019 a(n) is the number of permutations of 1,2,...,n+1 with exactly one reduced decomposition. - Richard Stanley, Dec 22 2022
REFERENCES
S. J. Cyvin and I. Gutman, Kekulé structures in benzenoid hydrocarbons, Lecture Notes in Chemistry, No. 46, Springer, New York, 1988 (see p. 120).
E. Gura and M. Maschler, Insights into Game Theory: An Alternative Mathematical Experience, Cambridge, 2008; p. 26.
Thomas Koshy, Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers with Applications, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2001.
FORMULA
O.g.f.: (1-x+2*x^2)/((1-x)^3). - Eric Werley, Jun 27 2011 Sequences of the form a(n) = n^2 + K with offset 0 have o.g.f. (K - 2*K*x + K*x^2 + x + x^2)/(1-x)^3 and recurrence a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a*(n-3). - R. J. Mathar, Apr 28 2008 For n > 1, a(n)^2 + (a(n) + 1)^2 + ... + (a(n) + n - 2)^2 + (a(n) + n - 1 + a(n) + n)^2 = (n+1) *(6*n^4 + 18*n^3 + 26*n^2 + 19*n + 6) / 6 = (a(n) + n)^2 + ... + (a(n) + 2*n)^2. - Charlie Marion, Jan 10 2011 a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - a(n-2) + 2.
a(n) = a(n-1) + 2*n - 1. (End)
a(n) = (n-1)^2 + 2(n-1) + 2 = 122 read in base n-1 (for n > 3). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 20 2011 a(n)*a(n+1) = a(n*(n+1) + 1) so a(1)*a(2) = a(3). More generally, a(n)*a(n+k) = a(n*(n+k) + 1) + k^2 - 1. - Jon Perry, Aug 01 2012 a(n) = (n!)^2* [x^n] BesselI(0, 2*sqrt(x))*(1+x). - Peter Luschny, Aug 25 2012 Product_{n>=0} (1 + 1/a(n)) = sqrt(2)*csch(Pi)*sinh(sqrt(2)*Pi).
Product_{n>=1} (1 - 1/a(n)) = Pi*csch(Pi). (End)
EXAMPLE
G.f. = 1 + 2*x + 5*x^2 + 10*x^3 + 17*x^4 + 26*x^5 + 37*x^6 + 50*x^7 + 65*x^8 + ...
MAPLE
numtheory[cyclotomic](4, n) ;
end proc:
PROG
(Haskell)
a002522 = (+ 1) . (^ 2)
a002522_list = scanl (+) 1 [1, 3..]
CROSSREFS
Cf. A059592, A124808, A132411, A132414, A028872, A005408, A000124, A016813, A086514, A000125, A058331, A080856, A000127, A161701- A161704, A161706, A161707, A161708, A161710- A161713, A161715, A006261. Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), A027383 (k=3), A062318 (k=4), A061547 (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), A005843 (g=4), this sequence (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 30 2011
a(2*n) = 3*2^n - 2; a(2*n+1) = 2^(n+2) - 2.
+10
116
1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 22, 30, 46, 62, 94, 126, 190, 254, 382, 510, 766, 1022, 1534, 2046, 3070, 4094, 6142, 8190, 12286, 16382, 24574, 32766, 49150, 65534, 98302, 131070, 196606, 262142, 393214, 524286, 786430, 1048574, 1572862, 2097150, 3145726, 4194302, 6291454
COMMENTS
Number of balanced strings of length n: let d(S) = #(1's) - #(0's), # == count in S, then S is balanced if every substring T of S has -2 <= d(T) <= 2.
Number of "fold lines" seen when a rectangular piece of paper is folded n+1 times along alternate orthogonal directions and then unfolded. - Quim Castellsaguer (qcastell(AT)pie.xtec.es), Dec 30 1999
Also the number of binary strings with the property that, when scanning from left to right, once the first 1 is seen in position j, there must be a 1 in positions j+2, j+4, ... until the end of the string. (Positions j+1, j+3, ... can be occupied by 0 or 1.) - Jeffrey Shallit, Sep 02 2002 a(n) = DPE(n+1) is the total number of k-double-palindromes of n up to cyclic equivalence. See sequence A180918 for the definitions of a k-double-palindrome of n and of cyclic equivalence. Sequence A180918 is the 'DPE(n,k)' triangle read by rows where DPE(n,k) is the number of k-double-palindromes of n up to cyclic equivalence. For example, we have a(4) = DPE(5) = DPE(5,1) + DPE(5,2) + DPE(5,3) + DPE(5,4) + DPE(5,5) = 0 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 6. The 6 double-palindromes of 5 up to cyclic equivalence are 14, 23, 113, 122, 1112, 11111. They come from cyclic equivalence classes {14,41}, {23,32}, {113,311,131}, {122,212,221}, {1112,2111,1211,1121}, and {11111}. Hence a(n)=DPE(n+1) is the total number of cyclic equivalence classes of n containing at least one double-palindrome.
(End)
For n > 0, there is a red-black tree of height n with a(n-1) internal nodes and none with less.
In order a red-black tree of given height has minimal number of nodes, it has exactly 1 path with strictly alternating red and black nodes. All nodes outside this height defining path are black.
Consider:
mrbt5 R
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ B
/ / \
mrbt4 B / B
/ \ B E E
/ B E E
mrbt3 R E E
/ \
/ B
mrbt2 B E E
/ E
mrbt1 R
E E
(Red nodes shown as R, blacks as B, externals as E.)
Red-black trees mrbt1, mrbt2, mrbt3, mrbt4, mrbt5 of respective heights h = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; all minimal in the number of internal nodes, namely 1, 2, 4, 6, 10.
Recursion (let n = h-1): a(-1) = 0, a(n) = a(n-1) + 2^floor(n/2), n >= 0.
(End)
Also the number of strings of length n with the digits 1 and 2 with the property that the sum of the digits of all substrings of uneven length is not divisible by 3. An example with length 8 is 21221121. - Herbert Kociemba, Apr 29 2017 a(n-2) is the number of achiral n-bead necklaces or bracelets using exactly two colors. For n=4, the four arrangements are AAAB, AABB, ABAB, and ABBB. - Robert A. Russell, Sep 26 2018 Partial sums of powers of 2 repeated 2 times, like A200672 where is 3 times. - Yuchun Ji, Nov 16 2018 Also the number of binary words of length n with cuts-resistance <= 2, where, for the operation of shortening all runs by one, cuts-resistance is the number of applications required to reach an empty word. Explicitly, these are words whose sequence of run-lengths, all of which are 1 or 2, has no odd-length run of 1's sandwiched between two 2's. - Gus Wiseman, Nov 28 2019 Also the number of up-down paths with n steps such that the height difference between the highest and lowest points is at most 2. - Jeremy Dover, Jun 17 2020 Also the number of non-singleton integer compositions of n + 2 with no odd part other than the first or last. Including singletons gives A052955. This is an unsorted (or ordered) version of A351003. The version without even (instead of odd) interior parts is A001911, complement A232580. Note that A000045(n-1) counts compositions without odd parts, with non-singleton case A077896, and A052952/ A074331 count non-singleton compositions without even parts. Also the number of compositions y of n + 1 such that y_i = y_{i+1} for all even i. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 19 2022
REFERENCES
John P. McSorley: Counting k-compositions of n with palindromic and related structures. Preprint, 2010. [ John P. McSorley, Sep 28 2010]
LINKS
Leonard F. Klosinski, Gerald L. Alexanderson and Loren C. Larson, Under misprinted head B3, Amer Math. Monthly, 104(1997) 753-754.
FORMULA
a(0)=1, a(1)=2; thereafter a(n+2) = 2*a(n) + 2.
a(2n-1) = 2^(n+1) - 2 = A000918(n+1). G.f.: (1 + x)/((1 - x)*(1 - 2*x^2)). - David Callan, Jul 22 2008 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} 2^min(k, n-k).
a(n) = 2^floor((n+2)/2) + 2^floor((n+1)/2) - 2. - Quim Castellsaguer (qcastell(AT)pie.xtec.es)
a(n) = 2^(n/2)*(3 + 2*sqrt(2) + (3-2*sqrt(2))*(-1)^n)/2 - 2. - Paul Barry, Apr 23 2004 G.f.: (1 + x)/((1 - x)*(1 - 2*x^2)). - David Callan, Jul 22 2008 a(n) = 2*( (a(n-2)+1) mod (a(n-1)+1) ), n > 1. - Pierre Charland, Dec 12 2010 G.f.: (1+x*R(0))/(1-x), where R(k) = 1 + 2*x/( 1 - x/(x + 1/R(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 16 2013 a(n) = 2^((2*n + 3*(1-(-1)^n))/4)*3^((1+(-1)^n)/2) - 2. - Luce ETIENNE, Sep 01 2014 a(n) = a(n-1) + 2^floor((n-1)/2) for n>0, a(0)=1. - Yuchun Ji, Nov 23 2018 E.g.f.: 3*cosh(sqrt(2)*x) - 2*cosh(x) + 2*sqrt(2)*sinh(sqrt(2)*x) - 2*sinh(x). - Stefano Spezia, Apr 06 2022
EXAMPLE
After 3 folds one sees 4 fold lines.
Example: a(3) = 6 because the strings 001, 010, 100, 011, 101, 110 have the property.
Binary: 1, 10, 100, 110, 1010, 1110, 10110, 11110, 101110, 111110, 1011110, 1111110, 10111110, 11111110, 101111110, 111111110, 1011111110, 1111111110, 10111111110, ... - Jason Kimberley, Nov 02 2011 Example: Partial sums of powers of 2 repeated 2 times:
a(3) = 1+1+2 = 4;
a(4) = 1+1+2+2 = 6;
a(5) = 1+1+2+2+4 = 10.
MAPLE
a[0]:=0:a[1]:=1:for n from 2 to 100 do a[n]:=2*a[n-2]+2 od: seq(a[n], n=1..41); # Zerinvary Lajos, Mar 16 2008
MATHEMATICA
a[n_?EvenQ] := 3*2^(n/2)-2; a[n_?OddQ] := 2^(2+(n-1)/2)-2; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 40}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 21 2011, after Quim Castellsaguer *) Table[Length[Select[Tuples[{0, 1}, n], And[Max@@Length/@Split[#]<=2, !MatchQ[Length/@Split[#], {___, 2, ins:1.., 2, ___}/; OddQ[Plus[ins]]]]&]], {n, 0, 15}] (* Gus Wiseman, Nov 28 2019 *)
PROG
(Magma) [2^Floor((n+2)/2)+2^Floor((n+1)/2)-2: n in [0..50]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 16 2011 (Haskell)
import Data.List (transpose)
a027383 n = a027383_list !! n
a027383_list = concat $ transpose [a033484_list, drop 2 a000918_list]
(Python)
def a(n): return 2**((n+2)//2) + 2**((n+1)//2) - 2
CROSSREFS
Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), this sequence (k=3), A062318 (k=4), A061547 (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), A005843 (g=4), A002522 (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 30 2011 Cf. A000066 (actual order of a (3,g)-cage). a(n) = A305540(n+2,2), the second column of the triangle. Numbers whose binary expansion is a balanced word are A330029. The complementary compositions are counted by A274230(n-1) + 1, with bisections A060867 (even) and A134057 (odd). The following sequences are all essentially the same, in the sense that they are simple transformations of each other, with A029744 = {s(n), n>=1}, the numbers 2^k and 3*2^k, as the parent: A029744 (s(n)); A052955 (s(n)-1), A027383 (s(n)-2), A354788 (s(n)-3), A347789 (s(n)-4), A209721 (s(n)+1), A209722 (s(n)+2), A343177 (s(n)+3), A209723 (s(n)+4); A060482, A136252 (minor differences from A354788 at the start); A354785 (3*s(n)), A354789 (3*s(n)-7). The first differences of A029744 are 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,8,8,... which essentially matches eight sequences: A016116, A060546, A117575, A131572, A152166, A158780, A163403, A320770. The bisections of A029744 are A000079 and A007283. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 14 2022
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), Mar 24 2000
2, 2, 6, 14, 26, 42, 62, 86, 114, 146, 182, 222, 266, 314, 366, 422, 482, 546, 614, 686, 762, 842, 926, 1014, 1106, 1202, 1302, 1406, 1514, 1626, 1742, 1862, 1986, 2114, 2246, 2382, 2522, 2666, 2814, 2966, 3122, 3282, 3446, 3614, 3786, 3962
COMMENTS
Draw n ellipses in the plane (n > 0), any 2 meeting in 4 points; sequence gives number of regions into which the plane is divided (cf. A014206). Least k such that Z(k,2) <= Z(n,3) where Z(m,s) = Sum_{i>=m} 1/i^s = zeta(s) - Sum_{i=1..m-1} 1/i^s. - Benoit Cloitre, Nov 29 2002 a(k) is also the Moore lower bound A198300(k,6) on the order A054760(k,6) of a (k,6)-cage. Equality is achieved if and only if there exists a finite projective plane of order k - 1. A sufficient condition for this is that k - 1 be a prime power. - Jason Kimberley, Oct 17 2011 and Jan 01 2013 For neutron shell filling in spherical atomic nuclei, this sequence shows numerical differences between filled spin-split suborbitals sharing all quantum numbers except the principal quantum number n, and here all n's must differ by 1. Only a small handful of exceptions exist.
This sequence consists of summed pairs of every other doubled triangular number. It also can be created by taking differences between nuclear magic numbers from the harmonic oscillator (HO)(doubled tetrahedral) set and the spin-orbit (SO) set (2,6,14,28,50,82,126,184,...), with either set being larger. So SO-HO: 2-0=2, 6-0=6, 14-0=14, 28-2=26, 50-8=42, 82-20=62, 126-40=86, 184-70=114, and HO-SO: 2-0=2, 8-2=6, 20-6=14, 40-14=26, 70-28=42, 112-50=62, 168-82=86, 240-126=114. From the perspective of idealized HO periodic structure, with suborbitals in order from largest to smallest spin, alternating by parity, the HO-SO set is spaced two period analogs PLUS one suborbital, while the SO-HO set is spaced two period analogs MINUS one suborbital. (end)
The known values of f(k,6) and F(k,6) in Brown (1967), Table 1, closely match this sequence. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 09 2015 Numbers k such that 2*k - 3 is a square. - Bruno Berselli, Nov 08 2017 Numbers written 222 in number base B, including binary with 'digit' 2: 222(2)=14, 222(3)=26, ... - Ron Knott, Nov 14 2017
FORMULA
a(n) = 4*binomial(n, 2) + 2. - Francois Jooste (phukraut(AT)hotmail.com), Mar 05 2003
For n > 2, nearest integer to (Sum_{k>=n} 1/k^3)/(Sum_{k>=n} 1/k^5). - Benoit Cloitre, Jun 12 2003 a(n) = 2*(n^2 - n +1) = 2*(n-1)^2 + 2(n-1) + 2 = 222 read in base n-1 (for n > 3). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 20 2011 G.f.: 2*(1 - 2*x + 3*x^2)/(1 - x)^3. - Colin Barker, Jan 10 2012
PROG
(Magma) [2*(n^2-n+1): n in [0..50]]; // G. C. Greubel, Feb 21 2019 (Sage) [2*(n^2-n+1) for n in (0..50)] # G. C. Greubel, Feb 21 2019 (GAP) List([0..50], n-> 2*(n^2-n+1)) # G. C. Greubel, Feb 21 2019
CROSSREFS
Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), A027383 (k=3), A062318 (k=4), A061547 (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), A005843 (g=4), A002522 (g=5), this sequence (g=6), A188377 (g=7).
AUTHOR
Antreas P. Hatzipolakis (xpolakis(AT)otenet.gr), Apr 30 2000
Numbers of the form 3^m - 1 or 2*3^m - 1; i.e., the union of sequences A048473 and A024023.
+10
43
0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 17, 26, 53, 80, 161, 242, 485, 728, 1457, 2186, 4373, 6560, 13121, 19682, 39365, 59048, 118097, 177146, 354293, 531440, 1062881, 1594322, 3188645, 4782968, 9565937, 14348906, 28697813, 43046720, 86093441, 129140162
COMMENTS
WARNING: The offset of this sequence has been changed from 0 to 1 without correcting the formulas and programs, many of them correspond to the original indexing a(0)=0, a(1)=1, ... - M. F. Hasler, Oct 06 2014 Numbers n such that no entry in n-th row of Pascal's triangle is divisible by 3, i.e., such that A062296(n) = 0. The base 3 representation of these numbers is 222...222 or 122...222.
a(n+1) is also the Moore lower bound on the order of a (4,g)-cage. - Jason Kimberley, Oct 30 2011
FORMULA
a(n) = 2*3^(n/2-1)-1 if n is even; a(n) = 3^(n/2-1/2)-1 if n is odd. - Emeric Deutsch, Feb 03 2005, offset updated. a(n) = a(n-1) + 3*a(n-2) - 3*a(n-3).
G.f.: x^2*(1+x)/((1-x)*(1-3*x^2)). - Colin Barker, Apr 02 2012 a(2n+1) = 3*a(2n-1) + 2; a(2n) = ( a(2n-1) + a(2n+1) )/2. See A060647 for case where a(1)= 1. - Richard R. Forberg, Nov 30 2013 a(n) = 2^((1+(-1)^n)/2) * 3^((2*n-3-(-1)^n)/4) - 1. - Luce ETIENNE, Aug 29 2014 E.g.f.: (1 - 3*cosh(x) + 2*cosh(sqrt(3)*x) - 3*sinh(x) + sqrt(3)*sinh(sqrt(3)*x))/3. - Stefano Spezia, Apr 06 2022 a(n) = (1/3)*([n=0] - 3 + (1+(-1)^n)*3^(n/2) + ((1-(-1)^n)/2)*3^((n+1)/2)). - G. C. Greubel, Apr 17 2023
EXAMPLE
The first rows in Pascal's triangle with no multiples of 3 are:
row 0: 1;
row 1: 1, 1;
row 2: 1, 2, 1;
row 5: 1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1;
row 8: 1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1;
MAPLE
if n mod 2 = 1 then
3^((n-1)/2)-1
else
2*3^(n/2-1)-1
fi
end proc:
MATHEMATICA
CoefficientList[Series[x^2*(1+x)/((1-x)*(1-3*x^2)), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 20 2012 *) A062318[n_]:= (1/3)*(Boole[n==0] -3 +3^(n/2)*(2*Mod[n+1, 2] +Sqrt[3] *Mod[n, 2]));
PROG
(Magma) I:=[0, 1, 2]; [n le 3 select I[n] else Self(n-1)+3*Self(n-2) -3*Self(n-3): n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 20 2012 (PARI) a(n)=3^(n\2)<<bittest(n, 0)-1 \\ [Program corresponds to offset=0, a(0)=0, a(1)=1.] - M. F. Hasler, Oct 06 2014 (SageMath)
def A062318(n): return (1/3)*(int(n==0) - 3 + 2*((n+1)%2)*3^(n/2) + (n%2)*3^((n+1)/2))
CROSSREFS
Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), A027383 (k=3), this sequence (k=4), A061547 (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), A005843 (g=4), A002522 (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 30 2011 Cf. A037233 (actual order of a (4,g)-cage).
AUTHOR
Ahmed Fares (ahmedfares(AT)my-deja.com), Jul 05 2001
Number of 132 and 213-avoiding derangements of {1,2,...,n}.
+10
34
1, 0, 1, 2, 6, 10, 26, 42, 106, 170, 426, 682, 1706, 2730, 6826, 10922, 27306, 43690, 109226, 174762, 436906, 699050, 1747626, 2796202, 6990506, 11184810, 27962026, 44739242, 111848106, 178956970, 447392426, 715827882, 1789569706, 2863311530, 7158278826
COMMENTS
Or, number of permutations with no fixed points avoiding 213 and 132.
Number of derangements of {1,2,...,n} having ascending runs consisting of consecutive integers. Example: a(4)=6 because we have 234/1, 34/12, 34/2/1, 4/123, 4/3/12, 4/3/2/1, the ascending runs being as indicated. - Emeric Deutsch, Dec 08 2004 Let c be twice the sequence A002450 interlaced with itself (from the second term), i.e., c = 2*(0, 1, 1, 5, 5, 21, 21, 85, 85, 341, 341, ...). Let d be powers of 4 interlaced with the zero sequence: d = (1, 0, 4, 0, 16, 0, 64, 0, 256, 0, ...). Then a(n+1) = c(n) + d(n). - Creighton Dement, May 09 2005 a(n-1) is also the number of order preserving partial isometries (of an n-chain) of fix 1 (fix of alpha equals the number of fixed points of alpha). - Abdullahi Umar, Dec 28 2010 a(n+1) <= A218553(n) is also the Moore lower bound on the order of a (5,n)-cage. - Jason Kimberley, Oct 31 2011 For n > 0, a(n) is the location of the n-th new number to make a first appearance in A087230. E.g., the 17th number to make its first appearance in A087230 is 18 and this occurs at A087230(43690) and a(17)=43690. - K D Pegrume, Jan 26 2022 Position in A002487 of 2 adjacent terms of A000045. E.g., 3/5 at 10, 5/8 at 26, 8/13 at 42, ... - Ed Pegg Jr, Dec 27 2022
FORMULA
a(n) = (3/8)*2^n + (1/24)*(-2)^n - 2/3 for n>=1.
a(n) = 4*a(n-2) + 2, a(0)=1, a(1)=0, a(2)=1.
G.f: (5*z^3-3*z^2-z+1)/((z-1)*(4*z^2-1)).
a(n) = A020989((n-2)/2) for n=2, 4, 6, ... and A020988((n-3)/2) for n=3, 5, 7, ... . a(2i+1) = 2*Sum_{j=0..i-1} 4^j = string "2"^i read in base 4.
a(2i+2) = 4^i + 2*Sum_{j=0..i-1} 4^j = string "1"*"2"^i read in base 4.
E.g.f.: (15 - 8*cosh(x) + 5*cosh(2*x) - 8*sinh(x) + 4*sinh(2*x))/12. - Stefano Spezia, Apr 07 2022
EXAMPLE
a(4)=6 because the only 132 and 213-avoiding permutations of {1,2,3,4} without fixed points are: 2341, 3412, 3421, 4123, 4312 and 4321.
MATHEMATICA
f[n_] := (9*2^(n-3) - (-2)^(n-3) - 2)/3; Array[f, 32] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 13 2011 *)
PROG
(Magma) [(3/8)*2^n +(1/24)*(-2)^n - 2/3: n in [1..35]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 13 2011
CROSSREFS
Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), A027383 (k=3), A062318 (k=4), this sequence (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), A005843 (g=4), A002522 (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 31 2011
Integers >= 2. a(n) = n+1.
+10
33
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75
COMMENTS
This sequence is closed under multiplication by any integer k > 0. The primitive elements of the sequence (those not divisible by any smaller element) are the primes, A000040. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, May 22 2006 Possible sums of the final scores of completed Chicago Bears football games. 1 point only is an impossible score in American football. But with the safety 2 and the field goal 3, we can construct the set of integers greater than 1. We can prove this by noting that if a score is even, we can build it with a series of safeties. Of course the other allowed scorings of 3, 6, and 1 after a touchdown, could also be used. Now if a score is odd it is of the form 2k+3. So for any odd number 2m+1, we subtract 3 (or 1 field goal) from it to make it even and divide by 2 to get the number of safeties we need to add back to the field goal. Symbolically, let the odd number be 2m+1; then (2m+1 - 3)/2 = m-1 safeties are needed. Add this to 3 and you will have the number. For example, say we want a score of 99. 99 = 2m+1 and m = 49. So m-1 = 48 safeties + 1 field goal = 99 points. - Cino Hilliard, Feb 03 2006 Possible nonnegative values of (a*b-c*d) where a,b,c and d are distinct positive integers and a+b=c+d. All positive values >=2 are possible: for even values 2n take a=m+n, b=m-n+1, c=m+n+1, d=m-n, where m>n; for odd values 2n+1 take a=m+n, b=m-n, c=m+n+1, d=m-n-1, where m>n+1. Elementary algebra shows that the values 0 and 1 are not possible without violating the assumption that a,b,c and d are distinct. - John Grint, Sep 26 2011 Also numbers n such that a semiprime is equal to the sum of n primes. Bachraoui proved that there is a prime between 2n and 3n for every n > 1, so every n > 1 is in this sequence since any number in that range is the sum of n integers each of which is either 2 or 3. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 27 2011 Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), A027383 (k=3), A062318 (k=4), A061547 (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: this sequence (g=3), A005843 (g=4), A002522 (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7). Digit string 12 read in base n-1 (for n>3 or by extending notation). (End)
Positive integers whose number of divisors is not 1. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 11 2012 Positive integers where the number of parts function on the set of 2-ary partitions is equidistributed mod 2. - Tom Edgar, Apr 26 2016 This sequence is also the Pierce Expansion of 1/exp(1). - G. C. Greubel, Nov 15 2016 Natural numbers with at least one prime factor. - Michal Bozon, Apr 24 2017 a(n) is the reciprocal of the Integral_{x=0..1} x^n dx. - Felix Huber, Aug 19 2023
FORMULA
O.g.f.: (2*x - x^2)/(1 - x)^2.
E.g.f.: (1 + x)*exp(x)-1.
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s) + zeta(s-1).
a(n) = n + 1 for n>0. (End)
MATHEMATICA
PierceExp[A_, n_] := Join[Array[1 &, Floor[A]], First@Transpose@ NestList[{Floor[1/Expand[1 - #[[1]] #[[2]]]], Expand[1 - #[[1]] #[[2]]]} &, {Floor[1/(A - Floor[A])], A - Floor[A]}, n - 1]]; PierceExp[N[1/E , 7!], 50] (* G. C. Greubel, Nov 14 2016 *)
Expansion of x*(1+x)/((1-x)*(1-10*x^2)).
+10
19
0, 1, 2, 12, 22, 122, 222, 1222, 2222, 12222, 22222, 122222, 222222, 1222222, 2222222, 12222222, 22222222, 122222222, 222222222, 1222222222, 2222222222, 12222222222, 22222222222, 122222222222, 222222222222, 1222222222222, 2222222222222, 12222222222222
COMMENTS
Previous name: Sequence whose n-th term digits sum to n.
a(n) is the smallest integer with digits from {0,1,2} having digit sum n. Namely the base-10 reading of the ternary string of A062318. - Jason Kimberley, Nov 01 2011 a(n) is the Moore lower bound on the order of an (11,n)-cage. - Jason Kimberley, Oct 18 2011
FORMULA
G.f.: x*(1+x)/((1-x)*(1-10*x^2)).
a(n) = 10^(n/2)*(11*sqrt(10)/180 + 1/9 - (11*sqrt(10)/180 - 1/9)*(-1)^n) - 2/9.
a(n) = 2*(10^(n/2) - 1)/9 for n even.
a(n) = (11*10^((n-1)/2) - 2)/9 for n odd. (End)
E.g.f.: (20*(cosh(sqrt(10)*x) - cosh(x) - sinh(x)) + 11*sqrt(10)*sinh(sqrt(10)*x))/90. - Stefano Spezia, Apr 09 2022
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{1, 10, -10}, {0, 1, 2}, 30] (* Paolo Xausa, Feb 21 2024 *)
PROG
(PARI) concat(0, Vec(x*(1+x)/((1-x)*(1-10*x^2)) + O(x^30))) \\ Colin Barker, Mar 17 2017
CROSSREFS
Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), A027383 (k=3), A062318 (k=4), A061547 (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), this sequence (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), A005843 (g=4), A002522 (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7). - Jason Kimberley, Nov 01 2011
Square array M(k,g), read by antidiagonals, of the Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g)-cage.
+10
17
3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8, 10, 6, 7, 10, 17, 14, 7, 8, 12, 26, 26, 22, 8, 9, 14, 37, 42, 53, 30, 9, 10, 16, 50, 62, 106, 80, 46, 10, 11, 18, 65, 86, 187, 170, 161, 62, 11, 12, 20, 82, 114, 302, 312, 426, 242, 94, 12, 13, 22, 101, 146, 457, 518, 937, 682, 485, 126, 13
COMMENTS
k >= 2; g >= 3.
The base k-1 reading of the base 10 string of A094626(g). Exoo and Jajcay Theorem 1: M(k,g) <= A054760(k,g) with equality if and only if: k = 2 and g >= 3; g = 3 and k >= 2; g = 4 and k >= 2; g = 5 and k = 2, 3, 7 or possibly 57; or g = 6, 8, or 12, and there exists a symmetric generalized n-gon of order k - 1.
REFERENCES
E. Bannai and T. Ito, On finite Moore graphs, J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo, Sect. 1A, 20 (1973) 191-208.
R. M. Damerell, On Moore graphs, Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 74 (1973) 227-236.
FORMULA
M(k,2i) = 2 sum_{j=0}^{i-1}(k-1)^j = string "2"^i read in base k-1.
M(k,2i+1) = (k-1)^i + 2 sum_{j=0}^{i-1}(k-1)^j = string "1"*"2"^i read in base k-1.
Recurrence:
M(k,3) = k + 1,
M(k,2i) = M(k,2i-1) + (k-1)^(i-1),
M(k,2i+1) = M(k,2i) + (k-1)^i.
EXAMPLE
This is the table formed from the antidiagonals for k+g = 5..20:
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
4 6 10 14 22 30 46 62 94 126 190 254 382 510 766
5 8 17 26 53 80 161 242 485 728 1457 2186 4373 6560
6 10 26 42 106 170 426 682 1706 2730 6826 10922 27306
7 12 37 62 187 312 937 1562 4687 7812 23437 39062
8 14 50 86 302 518 1814 3110 10886 18662 65318
9 16 65 114 457 800 3201 5602 22409 39216
10 18 82 146 658 1170 5266 9362 42130
11 20 101 182 911 1640 8201 14762
12 22 122 222 1222 2222 12222
13 24 145 266 1597 2928
14 26 170 314 2042
15 28 197 366
16 30 226
17 32
18
MATHEMATICA
Table[Function[g, FromDigits[#, k - 1] &@ IntegerDigits@ SeriesCoefficient[x (1 + x)/((1 - x) (1 - 10 x^2)), {x, 0, g}]][n - k + 3], {n, 2, 12}, {k, n, 2, -1}] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, May 15 2017 *)
PROG
(Magma)
ExtendedStringToInt:=func<seq, base|&+[Integers()|seq[i]*base^(#seq-i):i in[1..#seq]]>;
M:=func<k, g|ExtendedStringToInt((IsOdd(g)select[1]else[])cat[2^^(g div 2)], k-1)>;
k_:=2; g_:=3;
anti:=func<kg|[M(kg-g, g):g in[g_..kg-k_]]>;
[anti(kg):kg in[5..15]];
CROSSREFS
Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: this sequence (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), A027383 (k=3), A062318 (k=4), A061547 (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), A005843 (g=4), A002522 (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7), 2* A053698 (g=8), 2* A053699 (g=10), 2* A053700 (g=12), 2* A053716 (g=14), 2* A053716 (g=16), 2* A102909 (g=18), 2* A103623 (g=20), 2* A060885 (g=22), 2* A105067 (g=24), 2* A060887 (g=26), 2* A104376 (g=28), 2* A104682 (g=30), 2* A105312 (g=32). Cf. A054760 (the actual order of a (k,g)-cage).
Moore lower bound on the order of a (6,g)-cage.
+10
17
7, 12, 37, 62, 187, 312, 937, 1562, 4687, 7812, 23437, 39062, 117187, 195312, 585937, 976562, 2929687, 4882812, 14648437, 24414062, 73242187, 122070312, 366210937, 610351562, 1831054687, 3051757812, 9155273437, 15258789062
FORMULA
a(2*i) = 2*Sum_{j=0..i-1} 5^j = string "2"^i read in base 5.
a(2*i+1) = 5^i + 2*Sum_{j=0..i-1} 5^j = string "1"*"2"^i read in base 5.
a(n) = a(n-1)+5*a(n-2)-5*a(n-3). G.f.: -x^3*(10*x^2-5*x-7) / ((x-1)*(5*x^2-1)). - Colin Barker, Feb 01 2013 a(n) = (5^(n/2) - 1)/2 for n>2 and even.
a(n) = (3*5^((n-1)/2) - 1)/2 for n>2 and odd. (End)
E.g.f.: (5*cosh(sqrt(5)*x) - 5*cosh(x) - 5*sinh(x) + 3*sqrt(5)*sinh(sqrt(5)*x) - 10*x*(1 + x))/10. - Stefano Spezia, Apr 07 2022
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{1, 5, -5}, {7, 12, 37}, 30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 28 2015 *)
CROSSREFS
Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), A027383 (k=3), A062318 (k=4), A061547 (k=5), this sequence (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), A005843 (g=4), A002522 (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7).
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