Papers by Nicole D Karpinsky-Mosley, MS
Previous research suggests that operators with high workload can distrust and then poorly monitor... more Previous research suggests that operators with high workload can distrust and then poorly monitor automation, which has been generally inferred from automation dependence behaviors. To test automation monitoring more directly, the current study measured operators' visual attention allocation, workload, and trust toward imperfect automation in a dynamic multitasking environment. Participants concurrently performed a manual tracking task with two levels of difficulty and a system monitoring task assisted by an unreliable signaling system. Eye movement data indicate that operators allocate less visual attention to monitor automation when the tracking task is more difficult. Participants reported reduced levels of trust toward the signaling system when the tracking task demanded more focused visual attention. Analyses revealed that trust mediated the relationship between the load of the tracking task and attention allocation in Experiment 1, an effect that was not replicated in Experiment 2. Results imply a complex process underlying task load, visual attention allocation, and automation trust during multitasking. Automation designers should consider operators' task load in multitasking workspaces to avoid reduced automation monitoring and distrust toward imperfect signaling systems.
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Researchers have heavily debated the definition and role of trust in human behavior over the past... more Researchers have heavily debated the definition and role of trust in human behavior over the past few decades. As robots begin to be used more often, particularly in international military applications, understanding human-robot trust becomes increasingly important. The current study aims to investigate trust differences in robotic peacekeepers between Americans living in the United States, China, and Japan using a simulated environment. We predicted that trust in robots would differ as a function of culture. Results showed that Americans residing in Japan were significantly more trusting than Americans in the United States or China overall. Further, Americans living in America trusted robotic peacekeepers significantly more than Americans residing in China. This suggests that people who adopt a certain trust framework are those who have chosen to live abroad, but more research is needed to understand the differences between resident and expatriate Americans.
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Military personnel have focused their efforts on delegating dangerous duties to robots and other ... more Military personnel have focused their efforts on delegating dangerous duties to robots and other automated devices. Such duties include complex tasks such as peacekeeping. The current study explores the use of robotic peacekeepers across different cultures wielding non-lethal weapons (NLWs) in a virtual environment. We predicted that weapon acceptability would differ as a function of culture, compliance rate, and citizenship (native vs. expatriate). Results showed that participants complied significantly more often when the robotic peacekeeper requested an item that was not a weapon than when the item itself was a weapon. Further, Chinese and Americans reported highest weapons approval. Implications for future research are discussed.
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The present study examined operators' visual scanning strategy, perceived trust, and subjective w... more The present study examined operators' visual scanning strategy, perceived trust, and subjective workload when interacting with imperfect automation in a flight simulation task. Previous research indicates that false alarm (FA)-prone signaling systems produce poorer human performance and lower use than miss-prone systems. Participants performed a central tracking task (manual) and a peripheral system monitoring task (automated; FA-or miss-prone) concurrently under high and low load conditions manipulated by central task demand. Results showed that subjective automation trust ratings were lower in the high than low load condition although reliability of the automated aid remained the same (70%). Participants' behavioral responses were similar except error rates were higher with miss-than FA-prone systems when detecting automation failures. Analyses of eye movements revealed that participants allocated attention to manual tracking and automated system monitoring tasks similarly between the two automation types. However, operators executed less frequent saccades from the tracking task toward the system monitoring under high than low load conditions with the FA-prone system, but the pattern was absent with the miss-prone system. The results imply that operators with greater mental workload strategically allocate visual attention to perform multiple concurrent tasks when interacting with imperfect automation.
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This study measured the persuasive nature of fear appeals in response to gain- and loss-framed di... more This study measured the persuasive nature of fear appeals in response to gain- and loss-framed diversity messages. Ninety-nine male and female undergraduate students were randomly induced with a happy, fearful, sad, or neutral mood, and then asked to read gain- or lossframed
messages pertaining to cultural diversity. The Miami University Diversity Awareness Scale (MUDAS) and a motivation scale (BIS/BAS Scales) were administered immediately after the framed messages. A follow-up survey was conducted to assess participation in diversityrelated
events after the study. Results showed that participants in a neutral mood were most susceptible to message framing. Interestingly, induced emotions appeared to neutralize the framing effects on immediate attitudes. The follow-up survey revealed strong evidence that
individuals in the fearful condition were most inclined to participate in diversity-related activities. These findings help to support the idea that fear appeals can promote positive diversity behaviors.
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Visually impaired individuals face a variety of challenges when navigating outdoors, including un... more Visually impaired individuals face a variety of challenges when navigating outdoors, including uneven terrain, unexpected obstacles, safety concerns , and reliance on others for information. The goal of this study was to understand further the navigational needs of visually impaired individuals and to develop a mid-fidelity prototype to address these needs. Through interviews with visually impaired users and accessibility professionals, researchers found that present technology leads to an incomplete understanding of the trail and harmful situations. Currently, there is no known technology available that integrates real-time updates with static trail information for individuals navigating outdoors. In response, a mobile prototype was proposed, integrating user-provided updates with static trail information in a format that caters to all users. Our usability testing showed visually impaired users made few errors using the prototype and were satisfied with their experience.
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Thesis Chapters by Nicole D Karpinsky-Mosley, MS
The current study examined the effect of concurrent spatial and nonspatial memory load on operato... more The current study examined the effect of concurrent spatial and nonspatial memory load on operators' response choices when interacting with an imperfect automated decision aid. Each participant performed a difficult visual search task only or concurrently with either a spatial memory task or a nonspatial memory task. Multiple resource theory (Wickens, 2008) predicts that the visual search task and the spatial memory task will produce performance interference, while the visual search task and the nonspatial memory task will not. Results revealed that participants used the automated decision aid to improve search performance in all conditions in the difficult visual search task. However, compliance with the automated aid declined in the nonspatial memory condition compared to the no load condition, while the spatial memory condition did not. Results show that different attention demands can influence compliance with the automated aid. Future research should systematically examine the structure of a secondary task and its effect on human-automation interaction. This research could provide practical insights into how multitasking environment involving automation should be designed.
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Papers by Nicole D Karpinsky-Mosley, MS
messages pertaining to cultural diversity. The Miami University Diversity Awareness Scale (MUDAS) and a motivation scale (BIS/BAS Scales) were administered immediately after the framed messages. A follow-up survey was conducted to assess participation in diversityrelated
events after the study. Results showed that participants in a neutral mood were most susceptible to message framing. Interestingly, induced emotions appeared to neutralize the framing effects on immediate attitudes. The follow-up survey revealed strong evidence that
individuals in the fearful condition were most inclined to participate in diversity-related activities. These findings help to support the idea that fear appeals can promote positive diversity behaviors.
Thesis Chapters by Nicole D Karpinsky-Mosley, MS
messages pertaining to cultural diversity. The Miami University Diversity Awareness Scale (MUDAS) and a motivation scale (BIS/BAS Scales) were administered immediately after the framed messages. A follow-up survey was conducted to assess participation in diversityrelated
events after the study. Results showed that participants in a neutral mood were most susceptible to message framing. Interestingly, induced emotions appeared to neutralize the framing effects on immediate attitudes. The follow-up survey revealed strong evidence that
individuals in the fearful condition were most inclined to participate in diversity-related activities. These findings help to support the idea that fear appeals can promote positive diversity behaviors.