Zamkati
- Mitsempha ikuluikulu itatu
- Kodi chipinda chaching'ono ndi chiyani?
- Pempholo Koch
- Njira zofufuzira
- Zotsutsa za lingaliro ili
Kodi chidziwitso ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinsinsi zazikulu zama psychology, neuroscience ndi malingaliro am'malingaliro, ndipo ngakhale zingawoneke ngati chidwi, kafukufuku wazinyama, yemwe kuzindikira kwake kuyenera kukhala kosiyana ndi kwathu, kwathandizira kuti ziwonekere.
M'malo mwake, posachedwa gulu la ofufuza ochokera ku Allen Institute for Brain Science lotsogozedwa ndi Christof Koch awulula kupezeka kwa ma neuron atatu akulu omwe amalumikizitsa zambiri za ubongo a mbewa; Ma neuron oterewa amatha kukhala chidziwitso, koma akatswiri ena sagwirizana.
- Nkhani yofananira: "Mitundu ya ma neuron: mawonekedwe ndi ntchito"
Mitsempha ikuluikulu itatu
Christof Koch ndi gulu lake adalankhula kwa anthu am'magulu azachipatala momwe anafotokozera njira ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo wamalumikizidwe amitsempha yama ubongo.
Mbali yapadera kwambiri pazofotokozera zake inali kuzindikiritsa ma neuron atatu akulu omwe amachokera mu kapangidwe ka ubongo kotchedwa "cloister" ndikulumikiza ndi gawo lalikulu laubongo. Chachikulu kwambiri mwa atatuwo chimafikira muubongo wonse, pomwe enawo awiriwa amafotokozanso gawo lalikulu la ma hemispheres.
Monga kuwululidwa ndi zithunzi zazithunzi zitatu zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu, maselo atatuwa amakhala ndi kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwama synaptic ndi ma neuron m'malo osiyanasiyana amubongo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti atha kugwira nawo gawo limodzi pakugwirizanitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale dongosolo lamanjenje.
Komabe, kwakanthawi kukhalapo kwa ma neuron atatuwa sikunatsimikizidwe mu mitundu ina nyama, kuphatikizapo anthu, kusamala kwambiri kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera kufotokoza zonena za gulu la Koch.
- Nkhani yotsatira: "Zigawo zaubongo wamunthu (ndi ntchito)"
Kodi chipinda chaching'ono ndi chiyani?
Chovalacho ndi chingwe chokhala ndi ma neuron omwe amamangiriridwa kumunsi kwa nkhope ya ubongo, pafupi kwambiri ndi malo okhala ndi basal ganglia; nthawi zina zimawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo limodzi. Matalikidwe ake ndi osasinthasintha, amayeza mamilimita angapo m'malo ena komanso ochepera millimeter ena.
Dera laubongo synapses okhala ndi ma cortical ndi subcortical ambiri, kuphatikiza hippocampus, yofunikira pokumbukira kwanthawi yayitali, ndi amygdala, omwe amatenga nawo gawo pamaphunziro am'maganizo.
Sikuti ma neuron omwe ali m'nyumbayo amakhala ndi kulumikizana koyenera ndi magawo ena aubongo, amalumikizananso kwambiri. Izi zalumikizidwa ndi kukonza yunifolomu yolimbikitsira kudutsa pa blister.
Pempholo Koch
Pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wake waposachedwa ndi ena omwe adagwirapo kale ntchito, Koch amateteza kuti chikumbumtima chikhoza kukhala mchipinda chogona, yomwe yakhala yofunika kwambiri pantchito yake yaukadaulo.
Malinga ndi lingaliro la timuyi, ma neurons akuluakulu atatu omwe apeza angalole Kugwirizana kwa zikhumbo zamitsempha mu chovalacho: Amayanjanitsa kulandira ndi kutumiza zikwangwani kuchokera ku dongosololi ndikuwoneka kwachidziwitso, poganizira za kufalikira kwadziko lonse lapansi ndi ntchito zomwe akuti zimachitika.
Kafukufuku wina woyenera wokhudzana ndi izi ndi omwe gulu la Mohamad Koubeissi (2014) adachita ndi mayi yemwe adadwala khunyu. Gulu ili lidapeza kuti kukondoweza kwa chimbudzi ndi maelekitirodi "oletsedwa" chikumbumtima za wodwalayo, pomwe kusokonezeka kwa kukondweretsaku kunamupangitsa kuti achire.
Njira zofufuzira
Gulu lofufuza la Allen Institute lidapangitsa kuti pakhale mapuloteni amtundu wa fluorescent m'mitsempha yam'modzi yoyambira mbewa za mbewa zosiyanasiyana. Pachifukwa ichi adagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chomwe, popezeka m'thupi, chidayambitsa kuyambitsa kwa majini ena.
Pofalitsa kudzera mu ma neuron omwe amalimbana nawo, mapuloteniwa amapatsa utali wonse wamaselowa mtundu wosiyana. Pambuyo pake adatenga zithunzi za 10,000 zamagawo aubongo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apakompyuta kuti apange mamapu azithunzi zitatu za ma activated neurons.
Zotsutsa za lingaliro ili
Akatswiri osiyanasiyana pama neuroscience sagwirizana ndi lingaliro la gulu la Koch. Mwanjira yayikulu, kutanthauzira kwamalingaliro ake kwadzudzulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gawo lalikulu lidziwike kwaumunthu popanda kudalira kafukufuku wolimba.
Kuti aphunzire zowona za njirazi, Chau et al. (2015) adachita kafukufuku ndi omenyera nkhondo ankhondo 171 omwe adavulala pamutu. Adapeza kuti Kuvulala m'nyumbayo kumalumikizidwa ndikumazindikira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pambuyo povulala, koma osati ndi sequelae yayitali kwambiri.
Pakadali pano umboni wokomera lingaliro loti chovalacho ndichofunikira pakumvetsetsa sichimadziwika, makamaka zikafika kwa anthu. Komabe, umboni ukusonyeza kuti kapangidwe kameneka kakhoza kukhala koyenera kuwongolera chidwi kudzera kulumikizidwa kwa madera osiyanasiyana am'magazi ozungulira.
- Crick, F. C. & Koch, C. (2005). Kodi ntchito ya claustrum ndi yotani? Zolemba Zafilosofi za Real Society yaku London B: Sayansi Yachilengedwe, 360 (1458): 1271-79.
- Koubeissi, M. Z.; Bartolomei, F.; Beltagy, A. & Picard, F. (2014). Kukondoweza kwamagetsi kwakanthawi kakang'ono kaubongo kumasokoneza chidziwitso. Khunyu & Khalidwe, 37: 32-35.
- Torgerson, C.M.; Irimia, A.; Goh, S. Y. M. & Van Horn, J. D. (2015). Kulumikizana kwa DTI kwa gawo lamunthu. Mapu Aubongo Waumunthu, 36: 827-38.
