北魏《真人代歌》内容并不限于鲜卑拓跋一部,甚至不局限于鲜卑一族,而兼有当时其他北方游牧民族事迹。其中《企喻》一章系鲜卑语,历来无题解,根据蒙古语可考知其为“军歌”“战歌”“武歌”之义。联类考察,... more 北魏《真人代歌》内容并不限于鲜卑拓跋一部,甚至不局限于鲜卑一族,而兼有当时其他北方游牧民族事迹。其中《企喻》一章系鲜卑语,历来无题解,根据蒙古语可考知其为“军歌”“战歌”“武歌”之义。联类考察,可知梁横吹曲《慕容家自鲁企由谷》亦杂汉文、鲜卑语成题,涉及慕容鲜卑起源地问题。《真人代歌》中尚保存有与佛教信仰密切相关的作品,其宗教色彩不可忽视。此外,《旧唐书》《新唐书》对《真人代歌》记载的分歧与错舛,有助于确定《真人代歌》湮没的下限年代,亦可资管窥《新唐书》的史料来源与编撰情况,并供《新唐书》重新标点整理工作参考。
The earliest record about the Songs of Dai of Zhenren collection (approx. 100 pieces) is included into the Book of Northern Wei. Even though these song were used as state ritual and ceremonial songs of the Northern Wei court, the problem is, that all of them are lost by now. In the present paper I discuss 1) nature of the songs according to their titles, reconstructed materials from the dynastic histories, Tongdian encyclopedia, etc; 2) historical and religious characteristics of the songs; 3) the time of its oblivion. The content of Songs of Dai of Zhenren 真人代歌 is not limited to the information concerning the Xianbei-Tabgach 鲜卑-拓跋 tribe, even not limited concerning to the Xianbei clan itself, but also contains the narrative about the deeds of other northern nomads of that time. Among them, the Songs of Qi Yu企喻歌 chapter's title is actually given in the xianbei language written in Chinese characters, meaning of which had not been decoded so far. Analyzing linguistic comparisons with the Mongolian language, I argue that its meaning should be understood and explained as "military song"/"combat song" or "song of war". Several pieces included into the Songs of Dai of Zhenren collection also were believed to be closely related to Taoism, but through the comprehensive analysis I am showing that it is connected to the Buddhist belief and this religious background should not be ignored. In addition, the differences and mistakes in the records between the Old Book of Tang旧唐书 and the New Book of Tang新唐书 on the Songs of Dai of Zhenren are important in helping to determine the latest timeline of the Songs of Dai of Zhenren annihilation, and could also be used to provide evidences on the historical sources and the compilation process of the New Book of Tang, as well as references for the job of the New Book of Tang's reduction.
刘勰对章表文体的区分决不限于“章以谢恩”和“表以陈请”,而是更为重视一时期之典章制度下由公文呈递程序之不同所决定的章、表之别,并在此基础上对章、表二体的功用、文体特点与理想审美范式作出抽象和概括... more 刘勰对章表文体的区分决不限于“章以谢恩”和“表以陈请”,而是更为重视一时期之典章制度下由公文呈递程序之不同所决定的章、表之别,并在此基础上对章、表二体的功用、文体特点与理想审美范式作出抽象和概括。不明乎此而对《文心雕龙·章表》中的文体观念进行阐释,就必然会曲解刘勰原意,产生理解与论述上的误区。对《文心雕龙·章表》篇进行基于文本细读、版本考辨与资料考索之上的探索与阐发,通过考证两汉典章制度,挖掘与辨析东汉章表类文体在创作与应用中的实际情况,纠正长期以来对于章、表文体认识上的误区,和对刘勰章表观念的误解,并求还原刘勰本意,以见《文心雕龙·章表》篇之真正价值所在。
今人对陆机《园葵诗》二首的作年尚有争议,经考证,二诗当系于永宁元年八月十六日至八月底之间。关于《赠纪士》诗,今人校注之《陆机集》亦无考,是应为陆机赠纪瞻所作,时当在元康七年。今本《陆云集》收录有... more 今人对陆机《园葵诗》二首的作年尚有争议,经考证,二诗当系于永宁元年八月十六日至八月底之间。关于《赠纪士》诗,今人校注之《陆机集》亦无考,是应为陆机赠纪瞻所作,时当在元康七年。今本《陆云集》收录有《答孙显世》诗十章,并附《孙显世赠》十章,历来被目为陆云与孙拯之间赠答的作品,实际上应当是陆机获司马颖等救助而被赦免后与孙拯的往还之作,而为后人误收入《陆云集》中。钟嵘《诗品》上载陆机拟古之作共十四首,今本《陆机集》中《拟古》诗存十二首,另有一首见于《艺文类聚》。此外尚有一首,当为今本《陆机集》中《顺东西门行》。
北魏《真人代歌》内容并不限于鲜卑拓跋一部,甚至不局限于鲜卑一族,而兼有当时其他北方游牧民族事迹。其中《企喻》一章系鲜卑语,历来无题解,根据蒙古语可考知其为“军歌”“战歌”“武歌”之义。联类考察,... more 北魏《真人代歌》内容并不限于鲜卑拓跋一部,甚至不局限于鲜卑一族,而兼有当时其他北方游牧民族事迹。其中《企喻》一章系鲜卑语,历来无题解,根据蒙古语可考知其为“军歌”“战歌”“武歌”之义。联类考察,可知梁横吹曲《慕容家自鲁企由谷》亦杂汉文、鲜卑语成题,涉及慕容鲜卑起源地问题。《真人代歌》中尚保存有与佛教信仰密切相关的作品,其宗教色彩不可忽视。此外,《旧唐书》《新唐书》对《真人代歌》记载的分歧与错舛,有助于确定《真人代歌》湮没的下限年代,亦可资管窥《新唐书》的史料来源与编撰情况,并供《新唐书》重新标点整理工作参考。
The earliest record about the Songs of Dai of Zhenren collection (approx. 100 pieces) is included into the Book of Northern Wei. Even though these song were used as state ritual and ceremonial songs of the Northern Wei court, the problem is, that all of them are lost by now. In the present paper I discuss 1) nature of the songs according to their titles, reconstructed materials from the dynastic histories, Tongdian encyclopedia, etc; 2) historical and religious characteristics of the songs; 3) the time of its oblivion. The content of Songs of Dai of Zhenren 真人代歌 is not limited to the information concerning the Xianbei-Tabgach 鲜卑-拓跋 tribe, even not limited concerning to the Xianbei clan itself, but also contains the narrative about the deeds of other northern nomads of that time. Among them, the Songs of Qi Yu企喻歌 chapter's title is actually given in the xianbei language written in Chinese characters, meaning of which had not been decoded so far. Analyzing linguistic comparisons with the Mongolian language, I argue that its meaning should be understood and explained as "military song"/"combat song" or "song of war". Several pieces included into the Songs of Dai of Zhenren collection also were believed to be closely related to Taoism, but through the comprehensive analysis I am showing that it is connected to the Buddhist belief and this religious background should not be ignored. In addition, the differences and mistakes in the records between the Old Book of Tang旧唐书 and the New Book of Tang新唐书 on the Songs of Dai of Zhenren are important in helping to determine the latest timeline of the Songs of Dai of Zhenren annihilation, and could also be used to provide evidences on the historical sources and the compilation process of the New Book of Tang, as well as references for the job of the New Book of Tang's reduction.
刘勰对章表文体的区分决不限于“章以谢恩”和“表以陈请”,而是更为重视一时期之典章制度下由公文呈递程序之不同所决定的章、表之别,并在此基础上对章、表二体的功用、文体特点与理想审美范式作出抽象和概括... more 刘勰对章表文体的区分决不限于“章以谢恩”和“表以陈请”,而是更为重视一时期之典章制度下由公文呈递程序之不同所决定的章、表之别,并在此基础上对章、表二体的功用、文体特点与理想审美范式作出抽象和概括。不明乎此而对《文心雕龙·章表》中的文体观念进行阐释,就必然会曲解刘勰原意,产生理解与论述上的误区。对《文心雕龙·章表》篇进行基于文本细读、版本考辨与资料考索之上的探索与阐发,通过考证两汉典章制度,挖掘与辨析东汉章表类文体在创作与应用中的实际情况,纠正长期以来对于章、表文体认识上的误区,和对刘勰章表观念的误解,并求还原刘勰本意,以见《文心雕龙·章表》篇之真正价值所在。
今人对陆机《园葵诗》二首的作年尚有争议,经考证,二诗当系于永宁元年八月十六日至八月底之间。关于《赠纪士》诗,今人校注之《陆机集》亦无考,是应为陆机赠纪瞻所作,时当在元康七年。今本《陆云集》收录有... more 今人对陆机《园葵诗》二首的作年尚有争议,经考证,二诗当系于永宁元年八月十六日至八月底之间。关于《赠纪士》诗,今人校注之《陆机集》亦无考,是应为陆机赠纪瞻所作,时当在元康七年。今本《陆云集》收录有《答孙显世》诗十章,并附《孙显世赠》十章,历来被目为陆云与孙拯之间赠答的作品,实际上应当是陆机获司马颖等救助而被赦免后与孙拯的往还之作,而为后人误收入《陆云集》中。钟嵘《诗品》上载陆机拟古之作共十四首,今本《陆机集》中《拟古》诗存十二首,另有一首见于《艺文类聚》。此外尚有一首,当为今本《陆机集》中《顺东西门行》。
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Papers by JING HE
The earliest record about the Songs of Dai of Zhenren collection (approx. 100 pieces) is included into the Book of Northern Wei. Even though these song were used as state ritual and ceremonial songs of the Northern Wei court, the problem is, that all of them are lost by now. In the present paper I discuss 1) nature of the songs according to their titles, reconstructed materials from the dynastic histories, Tongdian encyclopedia, etc; 2) historical and religious characteristics of the songs; 3) the time of its oblivion.
The content of Songs of Dai of Zhenren 真人代歌 is not limited to the information concerning the Xianbei-Tabgach 鲜卑-拓跋 tribe, even not limited concerning to the Xianbei clan itself, but also contains the narrative about the deeds of other northern nomads of that time. Among them, the Songs of Qi Yu企喻歌 chapter's title is actually given in the xianbei language written in Chinese characters, meaning of which had not been decoded so far. Analyzing linguistic comparisons with the Mongolian language, I argue that its meaning should be understood and explained as "military song"/"combat song" or "song of war".
Several pieces included into the Songs of Dai of Zhenren collection also were believed to be closely related to Taoism, but through the comprehensive analysis I am showing that it is connected to the Buddhist belief and this religious background should not be ignored.
In addition, the differences and mistakes in the records between the Old Book of Tang旧唐书 and the New Book of Tang新唐书 on the Songs of Dai of Zhenren are important in helping to determine the latest timeline of the Songs of Dai of Zhenren annihilation, and could also be used to provide evidences on the historical sources and the compilation process of the New Book of Tang, as well as references for the job of the New Book of Tang's reduction.
The earliest record about the Songs of Dai of Zhenren collection (approx. 100 pieces) is included into the Book of Northern Wei. Even though these song were used as state ritual and ceremonial songs of the Northern Wei court, the problem is, that all of them are lost by now. In the present paper I discuss 1) nature of the songs according to their titles, reconstructed materials from the dynastic histories, Tongdian encyclopedia, etc; 2) historical and religious characteristics of the songs; 3) the time of its oblivion.
The content of Songs of Dai of Zhenren 真人代歌 is not limited to the information concerning the Xianbei-Tabgach 鲜卑-拓跋 tribe, even not limited concerning to the Xianbei clan itself, but also contains the narrative about the deeds of other northern nomads of that time. Among them, the Songs of Qi Yu企喻歌 chapter's title is actually given in the xianbei language written in Chinese characters, meaning of which had not been decoded so far. Analyzing linguistic comparisons with the Mongolian language, I argue that its meaning should be understood and explained as "military song"/"combat song" or "song of war".
Several pieces included into the Songs of Dai of Zhenren collection also were believed to be closely related to Taoism, but through the comprehensive analysis I am showing that it is connected to the Buddhist belief and this religious background should not be ignored.
In addition, the differences and mistakes in the records between the Old Book of Tang旧唐书 and the New Book of Tang新唐书 on the Songs of Dai of Zhenren are important in helping to determine the latest timeline of the Songs of Dai of Zhenren annihilation, and could also be used to provide evidences on the historical sources and the compilation process of the New Book of Tang, as well as references for the job of the New Book of Tang's reduction.