Michael Levitt

Michael Levitt

FRS
Michael Levitt; FRS
Michael Levitt
	Levitt during the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences press conference in Stockholm in December 2013
Kelahiran	9 Mei 1947 (umur 77); Pretoria, South Africa
Kerakyatan	American; British; Israeli;
Pendidikan	Pretoria Boys High School
Pusat pendidikan	King's College London (BScs); University of Cambridge (PhD)
Pasangan	Shoshan Brosh
Anugerah	EMBO Membership (1983); Member of the National Academy of Sciences (2002); Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2013); DeLano Award (2014); ISCB Fellow (2015);
	Kerjaya saintifik
Bidang	Computational Structural Biology; Structure Determination; Simulation of Mesoscale Molecular dynamics;
Institusi	Stanford University; Weizmann Institute of Science; Laboratory of Molecular Biology; University of Cambridge;
Tesis	Conformation analysis of proteins (1972)
Penasihat kedoktoran	Robert Diamond
Pelajar terkemuka	(postdocs); Steven Brenner; Cyrus Chothia; Valerie Daggett; Mark Gerstein; Julian Gough; Ram Samudrala;
Laman web rasmi	csb.stanford.edu/levitt; med.stanford.edu/profiles/Michael_Levitt

Michael Levitt, FRS^[10] (Ibrani: מיכאל לויטcode: he is deprecated ; lahir 9 Mei 1947) ialah ahli biofizik Amerika-Inggeris-Israel dan seorang profesor biologi struktur di Stanford University, jawatannya sejak 1987.^[11]^[12] Levitt menerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia 2013,^[13] bersama Martin Karplus dan Arieh Warshel, untuk "pembangunan model multisale untuk sistem kimia kompleks".^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Rujukan

^ ^a ^b ^c Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy (9 October 2013). "Two American Israelis and US jew share Nobel Prize in Chemistry". The Jerusalem Post. Dicapai pada 12 November 2017.
^ Anon (1983). "Michael Levitt EMBO profile". people.embo.org. Heidelberg: European Molecular Biology Organization.
^ Anon (2017). "ISCB Fellows". iscb.org. International Society for Computational Biology. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 March 2017. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
^ Levitt, M. (2001). "The birth of computational structural biology". Nature Structural Biology. 8 (5): 392–393. doi:10.1038/87545. PMID 11323711.
^ Diamond, R.; Levitt, M. (1971). "A refinement of the structure of lysozyme". Biochemical Journal. 125 (4): 92P. doi:10.1042/bj1250092Pa. PMC 1178298. PMID 5144255.
^ Daggett, V.; Levitt, M. (1993). "Protein Unfolding Pathways Explored Through Molecular Dynamics Simulations". Journal of Molecular Biology. 232 (2): 600–619. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1414. PMID 7688428.
^ Gerstein, M.; Levitt, M. (1997). "A structural census of the current population of protein sequences". PNAS. 94 (22): 11911–11916. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9411911G. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.11911. PMC 23653. PMID 9342336.
^ Pethica, R. B.; Levitt, M.; Gough, J. (2012). "Evolutionarily consistent families in SCOP: Sequence, structure and function". BMC Structural Biology. 12: 27. doi:10.1186/1472-6807-12-27. PMC 3495643. PMID 23078280.
^ Xia, Y.; Huang, E. S.; Levitt, M.; Samudrala, R. (2000). "Ab initio construction of protein tertiary structures using a hierarchical approach". Journal of Molecular Biology. 300 (1): 171–185. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3835. PMID 10864507.
^ Anon (2001). "Professor Michael Levitt FRS". London: Royalsociety.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
^ "Levitt Lab Server | Computational Structural Biology". Csb.stanford.edu. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 March 2016. Dicapai pada 22 March 2017. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
^ "Michael Levitt". Csb.stanford.edu\accessdate=2017-03-22. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 July 2010. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
^ Van Noorden, Richard (2013). "Modellers react to chemistry award: Nobel Prize proves that theorists can measure up to experimenters". Nature. 502 (7471): 280. Bibcode:2013Natur.502..280V. doi:10.1038/502280a. PMID 24132265.
^ Van Noorden, R. (2013). "Computer modellers secure chemistry Nobels". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.13903.
^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013" (PDF) (Siaran akhbar). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 9 October 2013. Dicapai pada 9 October 2013.
^ Chang, Kenneth (9 October 2013). "3 Researchers Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry". The New York Times. Dicapai pada 9 October 2013.
^ "Michael Levitt – Facts". Nobelprize.org. 9 May 1947. Dicapai pada 22 March 2017.

{{#switch:||Kategori=

[nobel_prize_chemistry-1] Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy (9 October 2013). "Two American Israelis and US jew share Nobel Prize in Chemistry". The Jerusalem Post. Dicapai pada 12 November 2017.

[membo-2] Anon (1983). "Michael Levitt EMBO profile". people.embo.org. Heidelberg: European Molecular Biology Organization.

[fellows-3] Anon (2017). "ISCB Fellows". iscb.org. International Society for Computational Biology. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 20 March 2017. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)

[4] Levitt, M. (2001). "The birth of computational structural biology". Nature Structural Biology. 8 (5): 392–393. doi:10.1038/87545. PMID 11323711.

[5] Diamond, R.; Levitt, M. (1971). "A refinement of the structure of lysozyme". Biochemical Journal. 125 (4): 92P. doi:10.1042/bj1250092Pa. PMC 1178298. PMID 5144255.

[6] Daggett, V.; Levitt, M. (1993). "Protein Unfolding Pathways Explored Through Molecular Dynamics Simulations". Journal of Molecular Biology. 232 (2): 600–619. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1414. PMID 7688428.

[7] Gerstein, M.; Levitt, M. (1997). "A structural census of the current population of protein sequences". PNAS. 94 (22): 11911–11916. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9411911G. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.11911. PMC 23653. PMID 9342336.

[8] Pethica, R. B.; Levitt, M.; Gough, J. (2012). "Evolutionarily consistent families in SCOP: Sequence, structure and function". BMC Structural Biology. 12: 27. doi:10.1186/1472-6807-12-27. PMC 3495643. PMID 23078280.

[9] Xia, Y.; Huang, E. S.; Levitt, M.; Samudrala, R. (2000). "Ab initio construction of protein tertiary structures using a hierarchical approach". Journal of Molecular Biology. 300 (1): 171–185. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3835. PMID 10864507.

[frs-10] Anon (2001). "Professor Michael Levitt FRS". London: Royalsociety.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:

[11] "Levitt Lab Server | Computational Structural Biology". Csb.stanford.edu. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 March 2016. Dicapai pada 22 March 2017. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

[12] "Michael Levitt". Csb.stanford.edu\accessdate=2017-03-22. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 July 2010. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

[13] Van Noorden, Richard (2013). "Modellers react to chemistry award: Nobel Prize proves that theorists can measure up to experimenters". Nature. 502 (7471): 280. Bibcode:2013Natur.502..280V. doi:10.1038/502280a. PMID 24132265.

[14] Van Noorden, R. (2013). "Computer modellers secure chemistry Nobels". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.13903.

[15] "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013" (PDF) (Siaran akhbar). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 9 October 2013. Dicapai pada 9 October 2013.

[NYT-20131009-16] Chang, Kenneth (9 October 2013). "3 Researchers Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry". The New York Times. Dicapai pada 9 October 2013.

[offnobel-17] "Michael Levitt – Facts". Nobelprize.org. 9 May 1947. Dicapai pada 22 March 2017.

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l b s Penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia
1901–1925	1901 Jacobus van 't Hoff 1902 Emil Fischer 1903 Svante Arrhenius 1904 William Ramsay 1905 Adolf von Baeyer 1906 Henri Moissan 1907 Eduard Buchner 1908 Ernest Rutherford 1909 Wilhelm Ostwald 1910 Otto Wallach 1911 Marie Curie 1912 Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier 1913 Alfred Werner 1914 Theodore Richards 1915 Richard Willstätter 1916 1917 1918 Fritz Haber 1919 1920 Walther Nernst 1921 Frederick Soddy 1922 Francis Aston 1923 Fritz Pregl 1924 1925 Richard Zsigmondy
1926–1950	1926 Theodor Svedberg 1927 Heinrich Wieland 1928 Adolf Windaus 1929 Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1930 Hans Fischer 1931 Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius 1932 Irving Langmuir 1933 1934 Harold Urey 1935 Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie 1936 Peter Debye 1937 Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer 1938 Richard Kuhn 1939 Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička 1940 1941 1942 1943 George de Hevesy 1944 Otto Hahn 1945 Artturi Virtanen 1946 James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley 1947 Robert Robinson 1948 Arne Tiselius 1949 William Giauque 1950 Otto Diels / Kurt Alder
1951–1975	1951 Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg 1952 Archer Martin / Richard Synge 1953 Hermann Staudinger 1954 Linus Pauling 1955 Vincent du Vigneaud 1956 Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov 1957 Alexander Todd 1958 Frederick Sanger 1959 Jaroslav Heyrovský 1960 Willard Libby 1961 Melvin Calvin 1962 Max Perutz / John Kendrew 1963 Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta 1964 Dorothy Hodgkin 1965 Robert Woodward 1966 Robert S. Mulliken 1967 Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter 1968 Lars Onsager 1969 Derek Barton / Odd Hassel 1970 Luis Federico Leloir 1971 Gerhard Herzberg 1972 Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein 1973 Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson 1974 Paul Flory 1975 John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog
1976–2000	1976 William Lipscomb 1977 Ilya Prigogine 1978 Peter D. Mitchell 1979 Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig 1980 Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger 1981 Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann 1982 Aaron Klug 1983 Henry Taube 1984 Robert Merrifield 1985 Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle 1986 Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi 1987 Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen 1988 Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel 1989 Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech 1990 Elias Corey 1991 Richard R. Ernst 1992 Rudolph A. Marcus 1993 Kary Mullis / Michael Smith 1994 George Olah 1995 Paul J. Crutzen / Mario J. Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland 1996 Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley 1997 Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou 1998 Walter Kohn / John Pople 1999 Ahmed Zewail 2000 Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa
2001–kini	2001 William Knowles / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless 2002 John B. Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich 2003 Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon 2004 Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose 2005 Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin 2006 Roger D. Kornberg 2007 Gerhard Ertl 2008 Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien 2009 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath 2010 Richard F. Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi 2011 Dan Shechtman 2012 Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka 2013 Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel 2014 Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner 2015 Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar 2016 Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa 2017 Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson 2018 Frances Arnold / Greg Winter / George Smith 2019 John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino 2020 Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna 2021 Benjamin List / David MacMillan 2022 Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten P. Meldal / Karl Barry Sharpless

Kawalan kewibawaan
Umum	ISNI 1 ORCID 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat (melalui VIAF)
Perpustakaan negara	Perancis (data) Jerman Israel Amerika Syarikat Republik Czech Croatia Poland
Pangkalan data saintifik	Google Scholar Projek Genealogi Matematik Publons (pengkaji) ResearcherID Pengarang Scopus
Lain-lain	SUDOC (Perancis) 1