Many previous studies revealed that smoking increases leukocyte and lymphocyte counts while expos... more Many previous studies revealed that smoking increases leukocyte and lymphocyte counts while exposure to X-rays decreases these counts. However the relationships between lymphocyte life span and smoking as well as X-rays were not well documented. The primary aim of this study was to determine relationships between smoking X-rays (in combination and individually) and life span of lymphocytes. Blood samples from 200 healthy individuals, half of which were X-ray exposed individuals, were collected. Half of X-ray exposed and of non-X-ray exposed individuals were smokers. There were equal numbers of male and female participants. Two lymphocyte cultures, one for the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis and the other for the determination of mitotic index values were prepared using one part of the blood samples collected from the individuals. From the other part of the blood sample leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were determined with a haemogram device. Evaluation of the findings suggested that leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, mitotic index were relatively lower for the X-ray exposed individuals. In addition these values were higher for smokers than nonsmokers in general. The highest SCE rates were recorded for smoking radiology technicians. The most important finding is that lymphocyte life span is relatively low in smokers and in X-ray exposed males.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major increasing causes of illness and death worldwide, especiall... more Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major increasing causes of illness and death worldwide, especially in Asia and Africa. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of mycobacteria is important in the prevention and effective treatment of tuberculosis. Today, conventional culture methods are still accepted as the gold standard for the identification of mycobacteria in routine mycobacteriology laboratories. However, even if these methods are highly efficient and useful, these methods are time-consuming and labor-laborious. In recent years, several novel DNA-based and non-invasive techniques, such as RAMAN spectroscopy and microcalorimetry have been developed for a more rapid and reliable identification. Unfortunately, these methods are not capable of visualizing the cells in their natural environment such as in tissues. Visualization of cells may however provide fundamental, complementary information for the overall understanding of the molecular and microbial ecology of mycobacteria in disease proce...
Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women. Early diagnosi... more Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are possible with Pap smear test. However, women should be informed about human papilloma virus (HPV), cervical cancer, and Pap smear test to protect against cervical cancer. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify knowledge level and behavior of women from various occupations, who reside in a city in the south of Turkey, about HPV, cervical cancer, and Pap smear test. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 753 women consisting of 228 nurses, 28 doctors, 135 teachers, 20 academicians, 21 policewomen, and 321 homemakers. The data were collected with face-to-face interview method using survey form and attitude scale related to early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Results: Of the women whose age average is 34.7 ± 7.51, 79% are married, 52.9% have middle income, 62.5% live in towns, and 58.6% are primary school graduates. It was determined that 69.2% of these women had gynecological examination, 27.8% had Pap smear test, and 1.3% had HPV vaccination. About 59.5% of these women stated not having heard of HPV, 61.3% of HPV vaccination, and 41.9% that HPV causes cervical cancer. Those women who have a good education and income level and who live in the city are found to have higher knowledge levels of HPV, HPV vaccination, Pap smear test, and cervical cancer (P < 0.05). Among the occupational groups, it was determined that the nurses are the ones who have least gynecological examination had and the doctors are the ones who have the most number of Pap smear tests had. It was found that average point that women got from the attitude scale of early diagnosis of cervical cancer was 101.91 ± 10.77 that the doctors and nurses had the highest points, 105.29 ± 11.65 and 103.15 ± 9.92, respectively, and that police officers had the lowest points by 93.42 ± 16.50. Conclusion: It was determined that the knowledge level and attitudes of the participant women about HPV, cervical cancer, and Pap smear test were insufficient.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major increasing causes of illness and death worldwide, especiall... more Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major increasing causes of illness and death worldwide, especially in Asia and Africa. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of mycobacteria is important in the prevention an ...
ABSTRACT Objectives: Rapid and accurate identification of Candida species from blood cultures is ... more ABSTRACT Objectives: Rapid and accurate identification of Candida species from blood cultures is crucial to ensure effective antifungal therapy and to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with bloodstream fungal infections. In this study, we aimed to identify Candida spp. from blood culture samples with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and conventional methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 yeast positive samples out of 325 blood culture positive samples and 50 blood culture negative samples were examined by FISH, PCR-RFLP and conventional methods to identify Candida spp. Results: All three methods generally were compatible for identification of single-species Candida spp. (p&lt;0.001). But, FISH and PCR-RFLP for the identification of multi-species Candida spp. were found more compatible than conventional methods (p&lt;0.001). Besides, FISH is cheaper and quicker than the other two methods in the identification of Candida spp. from blood culture positive samples. The rates of multi-species candidemia with FISH, PCR-RFLP and conventional methods were 20%, 6% and 4%, respectively. Conclusion: Both PCR-RFLP and FISH methods might be preferred for the rapid identification of Candida spp. from blood culture positive samples. However, FISH is a more suitable method for the detection of multi-species candidemia.
Many previous studies revealed that smoking increases leukocyte and lymphocyte counts while expos... more Many previous studies revealed that smoking increases leukocyte and lymphocyte counts while exposure to X-rays decreases these counts. However the relationships between lymphocyte life span and smoking as well as X-rays were not well documented. The primary aim of this study was to determine relationships between smoking X-rays (in combination and individually) and life span of lymphocytes. Blood samples from 200 healthy individuals, half of which were X-ray exposed individuals, were collected. Half of X-ray exposed and of non-X-ray exposed individuals were smokers. There were equal numbers of male and female participants. Two lymphocyte cultures, one for the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis and the other for the determination of mitotic index values were prepared using one part of the blood samples collected from the individuals. From the other part of the blood sample leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were determined with a haemogram device. Evaluation of the findings sugges...
Many previous studies revealed that smoking increases leukocyte and lymphocyte counts while expos... more Many previous studies revealed that smoking increases leukocyte and lymphocyte counts while exposure to X-rays decreases these counts. However the relationships between lymphocyte life span and smoking as well as X-rays were not well documented. The primary aim of this study was to determine relationships between smoking X-rays (in combination and individually) and life span of lymphocytes. Blood samples from 200 healthy individuals, half of which were X-ray exposed individuals, were collected. Half of X-ray exposed and of non-X-ray exposed individuals were smokers. There were equal numbers of male and female participants. Two lymphocyte cultures, one for the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis and the other for the determination of mitotic index values were prepared using one part of the blood samples collected from the individuals. From the other part of the blood sample leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were determined with a haemogram device. Evaluation of the findings suggested that leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, mitotic index were relatively lower for the X-ray exposed individuals. In addition these values were higher for smokers than nonsmokers in general. The highest SCE rates were recorded for smoking radiology technicians. The most important finding is that lymphocyte life span is relatively low in smokers and in X-ray exposed males.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major increasing causes of illness and death worldwide, especiall... more Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major increasing causes of illness and death worldwide, especially in Asia and Africa. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of mycobacteria is important in the prevention and effective treatment of tuberculosis. Today, conventional culture methods are still accepted as the gold standard for the identification of mycobacteria in routine mycobacteriology laboratories. However, even if these methods are highly efficient and useful, these methods are time-consuming and labor-laborious. In recent years, several novel DNA-based and non-invasive techniques, such as RAMAN spectroscopy and microcalorimetry have been developed for a more rapid and reliable identification. Unfortunately, these methods are not capable of visualizing the cells in their natural environment such as in tissues. Visualization of cells may however provide fundamental, complementary information for the overall understanding of the molecular and microbial ecology of mycobacteria in disease proce...
Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women. Early diagnosi... more Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are possible with Pap smear test. However, women should be informed about human papilloma virus (HPV), cervical cancer, and Pap smear test to protect against cervical cancer. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify knowledge level and behavior of women from various occupations, who reside in a city in the south of Turkey, about HPV, cervical cancer, and Pap smear test. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 753 women consisting of 228 nurses, 28 doctors, 135 teachers, 20 academicians, 21 policewomen, and 321 homemakers. The data were collected with face-to-face interview method using survey form and attitude scale related to early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Results: Of the women whose age average is 34.7 ± 7.51, 79% are married, 52.9% have middle income, 62.5% live in towns, and 58.6% are primary school graduates. It was determined that 69.2% of these women had gynecological examination, 27.8% had Pap smear test, and 1.3% had HPV vaccination. About 59.5% of these women stated not having heard of HPV, 61.3% of HPV vaccination, and 41.9% that HPV causes cervical cancer. Those women who have a good education and income level and who live in the city are found to have higher knowledge levels of HPV, HPV vaccination, Pap smear test, and cervical cancer (P < 0.05). Among the occupational groups, it was determined that the nurses are the ones who have least gynecological examination had and the doctors are the ones who have the most number of Pap smear tests had. It was found that average point that women got from the attitude scale of early diagnosis of cervical cancer was 101.91 ± 10.77 that the doctors and nurses had the highest points, 105.29 ± 11.65 and 103.15 ± 9.92, respectively, and that police officers had the lowest points by 93.42 ± 16.50. Conclusion: It was determined that the knowledge level and attitudes of the participant women about HPV, cervical cancer, and Pap smear test were insufficient.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major increasing causes of illness and death worldwide, especiall... more Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major increasing causes of illness and death worldwide, especially in Asia and Africa. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of mycobacteria is important in the prevention an ...
ABSTRACT Objectives: Rapid and accurate identification of Candida species from blood cultures is ... more ABSTRACT Objectives: Rapid and accurate identification of Candida species from blood cultures is crucial to ensure effective antifungal therapy and to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with bloodstream fungal infections. In this study, we aimed to identify Candida spp. from blood culture samples with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and conventional methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 yeast positive samples out of 325 blood culture positive samples and 50 blood culture negative samples were examined by FISH, PCR-RFLP and conventional methods to identify Candida spp. Results: All three methods generally were compatible for identification of single-species Candida spp. (p&lt;0.001). But, FISH and PCR-RFLP for the identification of multi-species Candida spp. were found more compatible than conventional methods (p&lt;0.001). Besides, FISH is cheaper and quicker than the other two methods in the identification of Candida spp. from blood culture positive samples. The rates of multi-species candidemia with FISH, PCR-RFLP and conventional methods were 20%, 6% and 4%, respectively. Conclusion: Both PCR-RFLP and FISH methods might be preferred for the rapid identification of Candida spp. from blood culture positive samples. However, FISH is a more suitable method for the detection of multi-species candidemia.
Many previous studies revealed that smoking increases leukocyte and lymphocyte counts while expos... more Many previous studies revealed that smoking increases leukocyte and lymphocyte counts while exposure to X-rays decreases these counts. However the relationships between lymphocyte life span and smoking as well as X-rays were not well documented. The primary aim of this study was to determine relationships between smoking X-rays (in combination and individually) and life span of lymphocytes. Blood samples from 200 healthy individuals, half of which were X-ray exposed individuals, were collected. Half of X-ray exposed and of non-X-ray exposed individuals were smokers. There were equal numbers of male and female participants. Two lymphocyte cultures, one for the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis and the other for the determination of mitotic index values were prepared using one part of the blood samples collected from the individuals. From the other part of the blood sample leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were determined with a haemogram device. Evaluation of the findings sugges...
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