Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics, 2018
This article examines the role of Livonian in present-day Latvia and describes the Livonian langu... more This article examines the role of Livonian in present-day Latvia and describes the Livonian language situation in the context of Latvia’s language situation and current sociolinguistic issues. It describes how Livonian language and culture are represented in Latvian law, along with possibilities for realising Livonian language rights, bringing attention to the Livonians as an ethnicity, and understanding issues relating to Livonian, while also describing the use of terminology in the Livonian context. The Livonians cannot exactly be described as a “minority”. The Livonians are something more, they are a part of the modern Latvian language and also of Latvian culture and the culture of Latvia in general. And yet, the Livonian nation and language are independent entities. Therefore, the position of Livonian within Latvia should be seen from two perspectives: the preservation, development, and revitalisation of the use of Livonian as well as the mutual influence of Livonian and Latvian...
Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics / Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri, 2021
This article offers a comparative analysis of several morphosyntactic and phonological features i... more This article offers a comparative analysis of several morphosyntactic and phonological features in the South Estonian language islands: Leivu, Lutsi, and Kraasna. The objective is to give an overview of the distribution of selected features, their (in)stability over time, and discuss their form and use in a broader areal context. To achieve this goal, comparative information was also included from the closest cognate varieties (Estonian and the South Estonian varieties, Courland Livonian and Salaca Livonian) and the main contact varieties (Latgalian, Latvian, and Russian). The data analysed in this study originated from various sources: text collections, dictionaries, and language corpora. The results reveal a multitude of linguistic patterns and distribution patterns, which means that the studied varieties are similar to / different from one another in various ways and points to multifaceted contact situations and outcomes in this area.
Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics, 2021
This article offers a comparative analysis of several morphosyntactic and phonological features i... more This article offers a comparative analysis of several morphosyntactic and phonological features in the South Estonian language islands: Leivu, Lutsi, and Kraasna. The objective is to give an overview of the distribution of selected features, their (in)stability over time, and discuss their form and use in a broader areal context. To achieve this goal, comparative information was also included from the closest cognate varieties (Estonian and the South Estonian varieties, Courland Livonian and Salaca Livonian) and the main contact varieties (Latgalian, Latvian, and Russian). The data analysed in this study originated from various sources: text collections, dictionaries, and language corpora. The results reveal a multitude of linguistic patterns and distribution patterns, which means that the studied varieties are similar to / different from one another in various ways and points to multifaceted contact situations and outcomes in this area. Kokkuvõte. Miina Norvik, Uldis Balodis, Valt...
The Livonians are a Finno-Ugric nation indigenous to Latvia. They are presently the most endanger... more The Livonians are a Finno-Ugric nation indigenous to Latvia. They are presently the most endangered culture in the European Union and their language is one of the most endangered languages in the world. The Livonian speech community lost its last compactly inhabited territory during the Soviet occupation of Latvia and since then has experienced a steady but continuous loss of Livonian language speakers. Today, only approximately 20 people are able to hold a conversation in Livonian. While presently living scattered across Latvia, with their language no longer used as a medium of daily interaction, the Livonian community has taken this challenging reality and turned it to its advantage in its approach to creating language resources from a limited set of human and archival resources. This article is devoted specifically to the subject of digital humanities in the service of endangered languages and cultures. Understanding the specifics of endangered and especially critically endangere...
Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics, 2018
This article examines the role of Livonian in present-day Latvia and describes the Livonian langu... more This article examines the role of Livonian in present-day Latvia and describes the Livonian language situation in the context of Latvia’s language situation and current sociolinguistic issues. It describes how Livonian language and culture are represented in Latvian law, along with possibilities for realising Livonian language rights, bringing attention to the Livonians as an ethnicity, and understanding issues relating to Livonian, while also describing the use of terminology in the Livonian context. The Livonians cannot exactly be described as a “minority”. The Livonians are something more, they are a part of the modern Latvian language and also of Latvian culture and the culture of Latvia in general. And yet, the Livonian nation and language are independent entities. Therefore, the position of Livonian within Latvia should be seen from two perspectives: the preservation, development, and revitalisation of the use of Livonian as well as the mutual influence of Livonian and Latvian...
Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics / Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri, 2021
This article offers a comparative analysis of several morphosyntactic and phonological features i... more This article offers a comparative analysis of several morphosyntactic and phonological features in the South Estonian language islands: Leivu, Lutsi, and Kraasna. The objective is to give an overview of the distribution of selected features, their (in)stability over time, and discuss their form and use in a broader areal context. To achieve this goal, comparative information was also included from the closest cognate varieties (Estonian and the South Estonian varieties, Courland Livonian and Salaca Livonian) and the main contact varieties (Latgalian, Latvian, and Russian). The data analysed in this study originated from various sources: text collections, dictionaries, and language corpora. The results reveal a multitude of linguistic patterns and distribution patterns, which means that the studied varieties are similar to / different from one another in various ways and points to multifaceted contact situations and outcomes in this area.
Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics, 2021
This article offers a comparative analysis of several morphosyntactic and phonological features i... more This article offers a comparative analysis of several morphosyntactic and phonological features in the South Estonian language islands: Leivu, Lutsi, and Kraasna. The objective is to give an overview of the distribution of selected features, their (in)stability over time, and discuss their form and use in a broader areal context. To achieve this goal, comparative information was also included from the closest cognate varieties (Estonian and the South Estonian varieties, Courland Livonian and Salaca Livonian) and the main contact varieties (Latgalian, Latvian, and Russian). The data analysed in this study originated from various sources: text collections, dictionaries, and language corpora. The results reveal a multitude of linguistic patterns and distribution patterns, which means that the studied varieties are similar to / different from one another in various ways and points to multifaceted contact situations and outcomes in this area. Kokkuvõte. Miina Norvik, Uldis Balodis, Valt...
The Livonians are a Finno-Ugric nation indigenous to Latvia. They are presently the most endanger... more The Livonians are a Finno-Ugric nation indigenous to Latvia. They are presently the most endangered culture in the European Union and their language is one of the most endangered languages in the world. The Livonian speech community lost its last compactly inhabited territory during the Soviet occupation of Latvia and since then has experienced a steady but continuous loss of Livonian language speakers. Today, only approximately 20 people are able to hold a conversation in Livonian. While presently living scattered across Latvia, with their language no longer used as a medium of daily interaction, the Livonian community has taken this challenging reality and turned it to its advantage in its approach to creating language resources from a limited set of human and archival resources. This article is devoted specifically to the subject of digital humanities in the service of endangered languages and cultures. Understanding the specifics of endangered and especially critically endangere...
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Papers by Gunta Klava