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Your Source for Level-1 and Atmospheric Data
Providing Access to Global Science Data Projects
LAADS DAAC primarily archives and distributes data on clouds, water vapor, and aerosols in Earth’s atmosphere as well as key instrument data for NASA, NOAA and European Space Agency missions. LAADS DAAC also serves as a backup source for MODIS and VIIRS land products.

Aqua MODIS

Launched aboard the Aqua platform in 2002, The Aqua-MODIS instrument views the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelengths from 0.4 µm to 14.4 µm. MODIS data products, in resolutions of 250 m, 500 m, and 1 km - help improve our understanding of global environmental processes.

Terra MODIS

The initial MODIS instrument was launched aboard Terra in 1999. MODIS-derived data products continue to play a vital role in helping develop and validate global Earth system models with sufficient predictive potential to inform and help policymakers as they address global environmental change.

SNPP | NOAA-20 VIIRS

The VIIRS instrument is a ‘whiskbroom’ radiometer, launched in 2011, with 22 channels ranging from 0.412 µm to 12.01 µm. Five of these channels are high-resolution imagery bands or ‘I-bands,’ as they are commonly referred to, and sixteen are designed as moderate-resolution bands or ‘M-bands’. One of these M-bands is the Day/Night band, or DNB.

Envisat MERIS

The MERIS instrument, launched in 2002, is a moderate resolution wide field-of-view push-broom imaging spectroradiometer capable of sensing in the 390 nm to 1040 nm spectral range. The sensor has the unique capability of selectively adjusting the width and location of its 15 bands by ground command. MERIS is one of 10 sensors deployed in 2002 on board ESA's Envisat-1 research satellite.

Sentinel-3 OLCI

The OLCI has 21 spectral bands from 400 to 1200 nm and completely overlaps with SLSTR facilitating the opportunity for fused products. OLCI is a visible imaging push-broom radiometer with more spectral bands, improved signal-to-noise ratio, among other improvements, compared to MERIS, and was developed in part to provide continuity with measurements made previously by MERIS.

Sentinel-3 SLSTR

The SLSTR instrument was developed to continue and extend measurements made by the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) instruments aboard the European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellites 1 and 2 and the Advanced ATSR on Envisat. The SLSTR has 9 bands covering the visible, shortwave infrared, and thermal infrared areas of the spectrum.

MODIS L0 & L1

The MODIS Level-0 Production Data Set (PDS) is the raw instrument package consisting of a 5-minute swath of data. It is used to produce calibrated and geolocated MODIS radiances, or Level-1 data. The Level-1B data products contain calibrated radiances for all 36 MODIS bands and reflectances for the reflective Solar bands.

VIIRS L0 & L1

The VIIRS Suomi NPP (SNPP) Level-0 comprises raw instrument data packets that are used to generate calibrated and geolocated VIIRS Level-1 products. The NASA VIIRS Level-1B suite include two sets of three products (that each relate to image-resolution, moderate-resolution, and day-night band) that provide calibrated radiances and geolocation products.

MERIS L1

MERIS Level-1B data are resampled from level-0 data on a path-oriented grid, with pixel values having been calibrated to match the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) radiance.

OLCI L1

OLCI processing inputs are Level-0 products, the orbits scenario file, and several auxiliary data files providing calibration coefficient, surface classification or threshold for bright and glint classification. From these inputs are derived Level-1B data, i.e. radiometrically calibrated, geo-referenced and annotated radiances.

SLSTR L1B

The SLSTR Level-1B product gathers, for each view and for each channel, the full-resolution geolocated radiometric measurements. For thermal IR and fire channels (labelled as S7 to S9 and F1, F2 for fire channels), the radiometric measurements are expressed in Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) brightness temperatures.

Aerosol

The MODIS Aerosol Product monitors the ambient aerosol optical thickness over the oceans globally and over the continents. Furthermore, the aerosol size distribution is derived over the oceans, and the aerosol type is derived over the continents. The aerosol product includes the "deep-blue" algorithm recently developed to get aerosol optical thickness over bright land areas.

Water Vapor

The MODIS Precipitable Water product consists of column water-vapor amounts. During the daytime, a near-infrared algorithm is applied over clear land areas of the globe and above clouds over both land and ocean. An infrared algorithm for deriving atmospheric profiles is also applied both day and night for Level-2.

Cloud Properties

The MODIS Cloud Product combines infrared and visible techniques to determine both physical and radiative cloud properties. Daily global Level-2 data are provided. Cloud-particle phase (ice vs. water, clouds vs. snow), effective cloud-particle radius, and cloud optical thickness are derived using the MODIS visible and near-infrared channel radiances.

Atmospheric Profiles

The MODIS Atmospheric Profile product consists of several parameters: they are total-ozone burden, atmospheric stability, temperature and moisture profiles, and atmospheric water vapor. All of these parameters are produced day and night for Level-2 at 5x5 1-km pixel resolution when at least 9 FOVs are cloud free.

Cloud Mask

The MODIS Cloud Mask product is a Level-2 product generated at 1-km and 250-m (at nadir) spatial resolutions. The algorithm employs a series of visible and infrared threshold and consistency tests to specify confidence that an unobstructed view of the Earth's surface is observed.

L2 Joint Atmosphere

The post-launch MODIS Atmosphere Level-2 Joint Product contains a spectrum of key parameters gleaned from the complete set of standard at-launch Level-2 products: Aerosol, Water Vapor, Cloud, Profile, and Cloud Mask. The new Joint Atmosphere product was designed to be small enough to minimize data transfer and storage requirements, yet robust enough to be useful to MODIS data users.

L3 Atmosphere

The Level-3 MODIS Atmosphere Daily Global Product contains roughly 600 statistical datasets that are derived from approximately 80 scientific parameters from four Level-2 MODIS Atmosphere Products: Aerosol, Water Vapor, Cloud, and Atmosphere Profile.

VIIRS+CrIS Fusion

The Level-2 VIIRS+CrIS Fusion product leverages the attributes and assets of an imager and a sounder instrument to create narrowband earth-view radiances that are based on the Aqua MODIS instrument’s spectral response functions. This innovative fusion-based product is necessitated by the VIIRS instrument’s lack of infrared bands that are responsive to atmospheric absorption.

AMS

The Autonomous Modular Sensor (AMS) is an airborne scanning spectrometer that acquires high spatial resolution imagery of the Earth's features from its vantage point on-board low and medium altitude research aircraft.

MAS / eMAS

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator (MAS) sensor was developed for NASA's high-altitude ER-2 research aircraft by Daedalus Enterprises, Inc., in support of the MODIS remote sensing algorithm development.

Land Surface Reflectance

The MODIS Surface Reflectance products provide an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance as it would be measured at ground level in the absence of atmospheric scattering or absorption. Low-level data are corrected for atmospheric gases and aerosols, yielding a level-2 basis for several higher-order gridded products.

Land Surface Temperature & Emissivity

The Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Emissivity daily data are retrieved at 1km pixels by the generalized split-window algorithm and at 6km grids by the day/night algorithm. The product is comprised of LSTs, quality assessment, observation time, view angles, and emissivities.

BRDF, Albedo, & NBAR

The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function/Albedo parameters provide coefficients for mathematical functions that describe the BRDF of each pixel in the seven MODIS 'Land' bands, and albedo measurements derived simultaneously from the BRDF for bands 1-7 as well as three broad bands.

MAIAC

Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) accomplishes atmospheric correction via a new method that is encoded in a generic algorithm designed to work with MODIS data to facilitate deriving both aerosol and land surface reflectance products.

Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Incident Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) on the Earth’s surface represents a part of the solar radiation spectrum from 0.4 µm to 0.7 µm that is absorbed, transferred and stored within ecosystems. PAR constitutes a crucial input parameter that is used in several terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem productivity models to support climate change studies, both on regional and global scales.

Vegetation Indices

MODIS vegetation indices, produced on 16-day intervals and at multiple spatial resolutions, provide consistent spatial and temporal comparisons of vegetation canopy greenness, a composite property of leaf area, chlorophyll and canopy structure. Two vegetation indices are derived from atmospherically-corrected reflectance in the red, near-infrared, and blue wavebands.

LAI & fPAR

LAI is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground area in broadleaf canopies and as half the total needle surface area per unit ground area in coniferous canopies. FPAR is the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) absorbed by green vegetation.

GPP & NPP

The Primary Production products are designed to provide an accurate regular measure of the growth of the terrestrial vegetation. The product is a cumulative composite of GPP values based on the radiation use efficiency concept that may be used as inputs to data models for calculating terrestrial energy, carbon, water cycle processes, and biogeochemistry of vegetation.

Evapotranspiration

This project is part of NASA/EOS project to estimate global terrestrial evapotranspiration from earth land surface by using satellite remote sensing data. MOD16 global evapotranspiration product can be used to calculate regional water and energy balance, soil water status; hence, it provides key information for water resource management.

Thermal Anomalies/Fire

MODIS Thermal Anomalies/Fire products are primarily derived from MODIS 4- and 11-micrometer radiances. The fire detection strategy is based on absolute detection of a fire (when the fire strength is sufficient to detect), and on detection relative to its background (to account for variability of the surface temperature and reflection by sunlight).

Burned Area

The Burned Area product contains burning and quality information on a per-pixel basis. Produced from both the Terra and Aqua MODIS-derived daily surface reflectance inputs, the algorithm analyzes the daily surface reflectance dynamics to locate rapid changes, and uses that information to detect the approximate date of burning, mapping the spatial extent of recent fires only.

Land Cover & Phenology

The MODIS Terra+Aqua Combined Land Cover product incorporates five different land cover classification schemes, derived through a supervised decision-tree classification method. The primary land cover scheme identifies 17 classes defined by the IGBP, including 11 natural vegetation classes, three human-altered classes, and three non-vegetated classes.

Vegetation Continuous Fields

Proportional estimates of cover are developed from global training data derived using high-resolution imagery. The training data and phenological metrics are used with a regression tree to derive percent cover globally. The model is then used to estimate areal proportions of life form, leaf type, and leaf longevity.

Nighttime Lights

Nighttime Lights (NTL) represent NASA’s recognition of the importance of studying human impacts on the globe at night. The SNPP VIIRS instrument supports a Day-Night Band sensor that provides global daily measurements of nocturnal visible and near-infrared light that are suitable for Earth system science and applications. Two 500-m products comprise the NTL suite.

MODIS for NACP

The North American Carbon Program (NACP ) provides the scientific foundation to inform future policy decisions involving the carbon cycle, such as managing carbon sources and sinks through efficient and effective options to reduce emission and enhance carbon sinks. (Image credit: NASA GSFC Scientific Visualization Studio)

Long-Term Data Record

The Long-Term Data Record (LTDR), a NASA Research, Education and Applications Solutions Network (REASoN) project, produces, validates and distributes a global land surface climate data record (CDR) that uses both mature and well-tested algorithms in concert with the best-available polar-orbiting satellite data from past to the present.

GEO-LEO Dark Target Aerosol

The Geostationary Earth Orbit - Low-Earth Orbit (GEO-LEO) Dark Target Aerosol project is a NASA project funded under the Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Program. The purpose is to derive a global and temporally-resolved aerosol dataset, using a single aerosol-retrieval algorithm on multiple GEO and LEO satellite imagers. This collection covers the years 2019-2022.
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