Heraclitus

Hēraclītus (Graece Ἡράκλειτος, Ephesi natus circa 576 a.C.n.; mortuus circa 480 a.C.n.) fuit philosophus praesocraticus Graecus, discipulus Anaximandri et Pythagorae, sententia "omnia fluunt" (Graece πάντα ῥεῖ) de natura universoque celeber. Plerumque propter suam atomistico universi theoriam hodie memoria tenetur.^[1]

Frequenter dicebatur Heraclitus philosophus tristis et flens esse ab antiquis auctoribus (e.g. Luciano, Iuvenale, et Plutarcho), contra Democritum ridentem, quod de stultitia populi, ille esset vexatus, hic oblectatus delectatusque. Haec opinio sapientibus hodiernis videtur potius rumor quam vera iustificataque fama fuisse: revera uterque philosophus riserit, ut Xenophanes et plurimi Graecorum antiquorum auctorum.^[2]

Heraclitus ignem dixit esse principium rerum (ἀρχή).^[3] Etiam opinabatur omnia semper moveri: ipse sententia "omnia fluunt" innotuit, sicut etiam sententia "in idem flumen bis descendimus et non descendimus" (nam flumen sane idem est, aqua autem movens semper renovatur).

• Heraclitus. Greek text with a short commentary, ed. Miroslav Marcovich, Los Andes University Press, Emeritae 1967.
• Eraclito. Testimonianze e imitazioni, introd., trad. e commento, curante Rodolfo Mondolfo & Leonardo Tarán, Florentiae 1972.
• The Art and Thought of Heraclitus. An Edition of the Fragments with Translation and Commentary, ed. Charles H. Kahn, Cambridge University Press, Cantabrigiae 1979.
• I frammenti e le testimonianze, ed. Carlo Diano, Mediolani 1980.
• Fragments. A Text and Translation with a Commentary, ed. Thomas M. Robinson, University of Toronto Press, Toronti 1987.
• Heraclitea: édition critique complète des témoignages sur la vie et l'oeuvre d'Héraclite d'Éphèse et des vestiges de son livre, ed. Serge N. Mouraviev, Academia Verlag, Sankt Augustin 1999 sq.

• Ardovino, Adriano. 2012. Interpretazioni fenomenologiche di Eraclito. Maceratae: Quodlibet.
• Axelos, Kostas. 1962. Héraclite et la philosophie. La première saisie de l'être en devenir de la totalité. Lutetiae: Les Éditions de Minuit.
• Bailey, C. 1928. The Greek Atomists and Epicurus. Oconiae: Oxford.
• Bakalis, Nikolaos. 2005. Handbook of Greek Philosophy: From Thales to the Stoics: Analysis and Fragments. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-4120-4843-5.
• Barnes, Jonathan. (1982) 1987. The Presocratic Philosophers. Routledge. Ed. retractata: Penguin.
• Bollack, Jean, et Heinz Wismann. 1972. Héraclite ou la séparation. Lutetiae: Les Éditions de Minuit.
• Burnet, J. 2003. Early Greek Philosophy. Kessinger Publishing.
• Destrée, Pierre. 2014. "Héraclite: l'injure et la moquerie philosophiques." Cahiers "Mondes anciens," 5. Mondesanciens.revues.org.
• Fantino, Enrica, Ulrike Muss, Charlotte Schubert, et Kurt Sier, eds. 2017. Heraklit im Kontext. Studia Praesocratica, 8. Berolini et Bostonii: De Gruyter.
• Freeman, Kathleen. 2008. Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers: A Complete Translation of the Fragments in Diels. Forgotten Books. ISBN 978-1-60680-256-4.
• Guthrie, W. K. 1979. A History of Greek Philosophy: The Presocratic tradition from Parmenides to Democritus. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
• Heidegger, Martinus, et Eugen Fink. 1970. Heraklit Seminar Wintersemester 1966/1967. Francofurti ad Moenum: Klostermann.
• Kirk, G. S., J. E. Raven, et M. Schofield. 1983. The Presocratic Philosophers. ed. secunda. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
• Ferdinandus Lassalle Die Philosophie Herakleitos des Dunkeln von Ephesos anno 1858
• Melchert, Norman. 2002. The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy. McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-19-517510-7. Archivum.
• Pyle, C. M. 1997. Democritus and Heracleitus: An Excursus on the Cover of this Book,^? Milan and Lombardy in the Renaissance. Essays in Cultural History. Romae: La Fenice. Istituto di Filologia Moderna, Università di Parma: Testi e Studi, Nuova Serie: Studi 1.
• Roussos, Evangelos N. 1971. Heraklit-Bibliographie. Darmstadii: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
• Russell, Bertrand. 1972. A History of Western Philosophy. Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster.

• Aristoteles, Ars Rhetorica III.5.6(1407b).
• Plato, Cratylus (401d-402a)
• Seneca, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium

• 5204 Herakleitos

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Vide Heraclitum apud Vicifontem.