Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus Hegel

Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus Hegel seu Hegelus^[1] seu Hegelius^[2], Germanice Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Stutgardiae natus die 27 Augusti 1770. Parentes Hegelii maximi natu filii erant Georgius Ludovicus Hegel et Maria Magdalena nata nomine Fromme. Mater mortua est anno 1783, pater mortuus 1799. Nomen sororis erat Christiana (Christiane).

Parentes filium quinque annos natum ad "scholam Latinam" (Lateinschule) scilicet scholam primariam miserunt. Cum Hegelius septem annos natus erat ad Gymnasium Illustre ibat. Hegelius diaria scripsit et ea a die 29 Iulii 1785 Latine "exercendi styli et roboris acquirendi causa", ut scripsit.^[3]

Hegelius seu Hegel Dissertationem Philosophicam de Orbitis Planetarum Latine scripsit, eius nomen autem ibi Germanice reditum esse videtur: "GE. FRID. WILH. HEGEL"

Hegelius maximus a multis habetur philosophorum Germanorum, qui dicitur totam historiam, logicam, aestheticam totamque philosophiam novisse, et successor Immanuelis Kantii erat, qui, sicut Kantius, maiorem partem vitae magister philosophiae in academia degebat.

Hegelius "idealismum" a Kantio statutum et philosophiam naturalem, philosophiam historiae et philosophiam religiosam, quam Christiani habent, cum philosophia phaenomenologiae spiritus iunxit. Ergo ita monstrat systema suum triangularis formae esse. Kantianum statutum "rem ipsam" cognosci non posse a seipso dissentire ab Hegelio monstratum est.

Kantius docuit nos res cognosci non posse, nisi earum apparitiones. Res autem ipsa illum celebre Ding an sich ('res in se') ut Theodisce appellatur numquam cognosci posse. E contrario, Hegelius exposuit, si res est, etiam cognosci potest, sin autem non est cognosci non potest. Phaenomena rerum et ipsae res non dividenda sunt; phaenomena partes rerum sunt. Eo quod autem phaenomena semper mutantur, etiam res non stabiles et constantes sunt, sed res sunt processus illas ipsas cognoscendi.

De opinione autem Aristotelis, qui dicit mundum in multas partes divisum esse, Hegelius dubitabat, atque omnia omnibus coniuncta esse arbitrabatur. Mundus totalitas est. Hoc nunc a nobis cognito noscimus clarissime id iam a Hegelio dictum, etiam duabus rebus inter se repugnantes ad unam rem ampliorem iungi posse.

Haec forma, quae autem non ab ipso Hegelio orta est, celebris est:

• Thesis
• Antithesis
• Synthesis

Hegelius ipse dixit:

• Adfirmatio
• Negatio
• Negatio negationis

Magni momenti est, quod negatio negationis secundum Hegelium non idem est quam prima affirmatio. Hegelius sua logica dialectica ita contradicit logicae classicae vel analyticae, quae dicit non-(non-A) iterum A esse. Logica dialectica Hegeliana ergo ad mutationes, ad processus, ad saltus subitaneos, ut ita dicam, naturae societatisque spectat.

Propter hoc, Hegelius valde movit Carolum Marx, qui putabat placita Hegeliana, mutatis mutandis, ad res novas studendas spectare. In Hegelium ipsum (et in Kantium) res novae, quae in Francia anno 1789 agebantur, magnam vim habebant.

Filius eius fuit Carolus Hegel, historicus.

• Vita Iesus
• 1801. Dissertatio Philosophica de Orbitis Planetarum, Ienae 1801; de novo editum: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Disseratio Philosophica de Orbitis planetarum — Philosophische Erörterung über die Planetenbahenen. Übersetzt, eingeleitet und kommentiert von Wolfgang Neuser — In Germanicum convertit, introduxit et commentarium addidit Wolfgangus Neuser. Acta humaniora VCH. 1986.
• 1801. Differenz des Fichteschen und Schellingschen Systems der Philosophie.

1977. The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy, conv. H. S. Harris and Walter Cerf.

• 1802. The German Constitution.
• 1807. Phänomenologie des Geistes.

1910. Phenomenology of Mind, conv. J. B. Baillie. Ed. 2a., 1931.

1977. Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, conv. A. V. Miller.

2010. Phenomenology of Spirit, conversus a Terry Pinkard

• 1812, 1813, 1816. Wissenschaft der Logik.

1929. Science of Logic, conv. W. H. Johnston et L. G. Struthers. 2 vols.

1969. Science of Logic, conv. A. V. Miller.

2010. Science of Logic, conv. George di Giovanni.

• 1817, 1827, 1830. Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften.

1874, 1892. (Pars I:) The Logic of Hegel, conv. William Wallace; conv. T. F. Geraets, W. A. Suchting, et H. S. Harris, 1991; conv. Klaus Brinkmann and Daniel O. Dahlstrom 2010.

1970. (Pt. II:) Hegel's Philosophy of Nature. conv. A. V. Miller.

1894. (Pars III:) Hegel's Philosophy of Mind, conv. William Wallace.

1971. (Pars III:) Hegel's Philosophy of Mind conv. A. V. Miller.

• 1821. Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts.

1942. Elements of the Philosophy of Right, conv. T. M. Knox.

1991. Elements of the Philosophy of Right, conv. H. B. Nisbet, ed. Allen W. Wood.

• Lectures on Aesthetics
• 1837. Lectures on the Philosophy of History (etiam Lectures on the Philosophy of World History).
• Lectures on Philosophy of Religion
• Lectures on the History of Philosophy

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• Rockmore, Tom. 1986. Hegel's Circular Epistemology. Bloomingtoniae: Indiana University Press.
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• Braver, Lee. A Thing of This World: a History of Continental Anti-Realism. Northwestern University Press: 2007. ISBN 978-0-8101-2380-9.
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• Russon, John. 2004. Reading Hegel's Phenomenology. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21692-3.
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• Avineri, Shlomo. 1974. Hegel's Theory of the Modern State. Cambridge University Press.
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