Aurel Rustoiu, Mariana Egri (eds.), Community dynamics and identity constructs in the Eastern Carpathian Basin during the Late Iron Age. The impact of human mobility, Cluj-Napoca: Ed. Mega 2021, ISBN: 978-606-020-174-8, 2021
Abstract: During the Late Iron Age, new types of painted pottery emerge on the European continen... more Abstract: During the Late Iron Age, new types of painted pottery emerge on the European continent. The decorative technique originates in the Mediterranean but the manifestations of this inspiration are various. They correspond to the cultural diversity observed during the Late Iron Age between the Iberic, La Tène and Dacian habitation and funerary structures. In the Eastern Carpathian Basin, the technological and decorative repertoire belongs to La Tène and Dacian painted pottery, each with
particularities manifesting from site to site. The use starts almost contemporaneously across distinct cultural aspects and follows a similar pattern. All this suggest that painted pottery was part of a regional
phenomenon with local features applied in design and vessel shapes. This paper wishes to discuss the universal and local character of painted pottery in the Eastern Carpathian Basin in light of human mobility and aesthetic value, here understood as the expression of the social, cultural and economic.
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The complexity of factors that intertwine towards an architectural choice and its realisation, and the response generated afterwards, have been explored by observing architectural variability and its relation with larger environmental designs in order to identify collective and individual mechanisms of creating social and ideological content. While intra-regional significance has been included in the discussion, the focus is on the local community as a social group with a controllable set of cultural conventions.
particularities manifesting from site to site. The use starts almost contemporaneously across distinct cultural aspects and follows a similar pattern. All this suggest that painted pottery was part of a regional
phenomenon with local features applied in design and vessel shapes. This paper wishes to discuss the universal and local character of painted pottery in the Eastern Carpathian Basin in light of human mobility and aesthetic value, here understood as the expression of the social, cultural and economic.
Heidelberg and Jena along with the Xántus János Museum
(today Rómer Flóris Museum of Art and History) began a
collaborative archaeological project with the financial support
of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The
project applied multidisciplinary methods focused on the
Little Hungarian Plain, in order to obtain archaeological
and palynological data about the cultural changes occurring
at the beginning of the first millennium in the territory
of deserta Boiorum (Pannonia). The surveys conducted
revealed, amongst other, traces of Late Iron Age (Early
and Middle La Tène) habitation which included glass
objects representing costume elements (two bracelets and
a finger-ring). Despite being only a few, the glass finds contribute
to the chronology of the sites and the understanding
of the contacts established by the Late Iron Age communities
from Western Transdanubia, an area where very little
is known about La Tène glass finds.
KEYWORDS: Late Iron Age; La Tène; deserta boiorum;
Transdanubia; glass jewellery.
have shown that at the end of the Late Iron Age the river’s left bank was defi ned by the presence of a series of fortifi ed settlements
which formed together a true defensive system of pre-Roman Dacia. From the topographic point of view, starting downstream these
settlements are located at Liubcova-Stenca, Pescari-Culă, Divici-Grad and Socol-Palanački breg. Another settlement with a similar
evolution, which is located at Orešac-Židovar on the Caraş valley, close to the confl uence with the Danube, can be also brought into
discussion. Thus the main aim of this paper is to analyse both the structure and the chronology of the fortifi ed settlements in order to
reveal their evolution and functions throughout the entire period in question. In general the evolution and internal organization of the
settlements from the Danube’s Iron Gates region resembles those identifi ed in settlements of the same type from pre-Roman Dacia. It
can be therefore presumed that the former were controlled socially and politically by the rulers of the Dacian Kingdom.
north of the Lower Danube, especially owing to their particular ornamentation that distinguishes them
amongst pottery assemblages. Many of the finds have thus been already published. However, their
acknowledged particularity has only rarely resulted in a thorough description which has often been
brief and poorly illustrated whereas some finds have been hardly mentioned at all. The first paper concerned
entirely with the painted pottery produced and used in the later part of the Late Iron Age north
of the Lower Danube was published more than a decade ago (Florea 1998). This study was focused on
the pottery known as ‘Dacian painted pottery’, which by its decoration and production characteristics
is distinct from the painted pottery produced in Western and Central Europe in the so-called ‘La Tène
style’. Nevertheless, the paper also described La Tène painted pottery, using both published and new
information. Not much new data has occurred since, yet new contributions have been possible based
on the primary publications and the direct analysis of the unpublished finds from Divici–Grad. Even
though this paper does not increase significantly the list of finds, it reconsiders in more detail the issues
of production and distribution of La Tène painted pottery north of the Lower Danube. The subject cannot
be isolated from ‘Dacian painted pottery’ as an expression of the developments that took place in
production and taste.
The complexity of factors that intertwine towards an architectural choice and its realisation, and the response generated afterwards, have been explored by observing architectural variability and its relation with larger environmental designs in order to identify collective and individual mechanisms of creating social and ideological content. While intra-regional significance has been included in the discussion, the focus is on the local community as a social group with a controllable set of cultural conventions.
particularities manifesting from site to site. The use starts almost contemporaneously across distinct cultural aspects and follows a similar pattern. All this suggest that painted pottery was part of a regional
phenomenon with local features applied in design and vessel shapes. This paper wishes to discuss the universal and local character of painted pottery in the Eastern Carpathian Basin in light of human mobility and aesthetic value, here understood as the expression of the social, cultural and economic.
Heidelberg and Jena along with the Xántus János Museum
(today Rómer Flóris Museum of Art and History) began a
collaborative archaeological project with the financial support
of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The
project applied multidisciplinary methods focused on the
Little Hungarian Plain, in order to obtain archaeological
and palynological data about the cultural changes occurring
at the beginning of the first millennium in the territory
of deserta Boiorum (Pannonia). The surveys conducted
revealed, amongst other, traces of Late Iron Age (Early
and Middle La Tène) habitation which included glass
objects representing costume elements (two bracelets and
a finger-ring). Despite being only a few, the glass finds contribute
to the chronology of the sites and the understanding
of the contacts established by the Late Iron Age communities
from Western Transdanubia, an area where very little
is known about La Tène glass finds.
KEYWORDS: Late Iron Age; La Tène; deserta boiorum;
Transdanubia; glass jewellery.
have shown that at the end of the Late Iron Age the river’s left bank was defi ned by the presence of a series of fortifi ed settlements
which formed together a true defensive system of pre-Roman Dacia. From the topographic point of view, starting downstream these
settlements are located at Liubcova-Stenca, Pescari-Culă, Divici-Grad and Socol-Palanački breg. Another settlement with a similar
evolution, which is located at Orešac-Židovar on the Caraş valley, close to the confl uence with the Danube, can be also brought into
discussion. Thus the main aim of this paper is to analyse both the structure and the chronology of the fortifi ed settlements in order to
reveal their evolution and functions throughout the entire period in question. In general the evolution and internal organization of the
settlements from the Danube’s Iron Gates region resembles those identifi ed in settlements of the same type from pre-Roman Dacia. It
can be therefore presumed that the former were controlled socially and politically by the rulers of the Dacian Kingdom.
north of the Lower Danube, especially owing to their particular ornamentation that distinguishes them
amongst pottery assemblages. Many of the finds have thus been already published. However, their
acknowledged particularity has only rarely resulted in a thorough description which has often been
brief and poorly illustrated whereas some finds have been hardly mentioned at all. The first paper concerned
entirely with the painted pottery produced and used in the later part of the Late Iron Age north
of the Lower Danube was published more than a decade ago (Florea 1998). This study was focused on
the pottery known as ‘Dacian painted pottery’, which by its decoration and production characteristics
is distinct from the painted pottery produced in Western and Central Europe in the so-called ‘La Tène
style’. Nevertheless, the paper also described La Tène painted pottery, using both published and new
information. Not much new data has occurred since, yet new contributions have been possible based
on the primary publications and the direct analysis of the unpublished finds from Divici–Grad. Even
though this paper does not increase significantly the list of finds, it reconsiders in more detail the issues
of production and distribution of La Tène painted pottery north of the Lower Danube. The subject cannot
be isolated from ‘Dacian painted pottery’ as an expression of the developments that took place in
production and taste.
Nonetheless, archaeology, strictly, points at the many problems, and respectively the unfeasibility of this approach for explaining the manifest diversity in the set of finds from the Iron Gates. The increased communication suggested by the finds is further to be connected to a changing political situation, part of the major developments in the Balkans, beginning with the conquest of the Macedonian kingdom by the Romans.
The presentation wishes to reassess the Iron Gates as a border using exclusively the archaeological finds, in terms of use patterns and their social significance across the river, within the dynamics of the political situation. Rather than searching for territorial certitudes, the purpose is that of understanding social response to a wider context.
As the attention in the second Iron Age archaeology shifts from uniformity to diversity, from general to individual, the particular association of artefacts specific to La Tène, local and other milieus that characterizes both sides of the Iron Gates area, many of these shared across the river, should be stressed. This will be the starting point for reconsidering the importance of local environment in shaping identity in the second Iron Age, particularly the Iron Gates area, in the context of a dynamic second Iron Age, with increased circulation of people, goods and ideas, and focusing on the determining role of people as active agents in shaping their world.
Celtic painted pottery refers to products from a wide area in Europe that share the same general technological and decorative pattern. However, there are important differences between West and East, beginning with the famous oppidum of Manching. Within the East, a common decorative repertoire is manifestly widespread, but this is paralleled by variation in the employment of the motifs, in the support ware, and even in technological aspects.
These characteristics appear strongly intertwined with local production and fashion, but also prove the circulation of technology on large areas. At Divici-Grad, painted pottery doesn’t fit into the general technological standard of what appears to be local production in the settlement. While it strongly resembles the eastern style of Celtic pottery, it also displays some particularities. Based on these elements, the paper wishes/aims to explore the provenance of the painted pottery from the respective site, in terms of production place and technology, or product circulation.
Among the archaeological discoveries, we mention structures (compacted clay dwelling platforms, fire hearths, pits, postholes), as well as a rich collection of artefacts, consisting of numerous ceramic fragments, animal bones, bone and antler tools, miniatare cart wheels, spindle whorls and clay weights.
Regarding the cultural and chronological assignment, the discoveries are specific to the 2nd and 3rd Otomani cultural phases, datable to the MBA II - MBA III/LBA I. The three AMS dates, processed the Debrecen laboratory, show that the chronological evolution of the site occurred between 1898-1695 BC and 1679-1528 (cal BC)
der Alpen und den nordöstlichen Hängen des Bakonygebirges prägt bis heute der Fluss Arrabo (dt. Raab, ungar. Raba). Damit teilt er, der tektonischen Gliederung folgend, den transdanubischen Raum in
diagonaler Linie. Die im Itinerarium provinciarium Antonini Augusti beschriebene verkehrstechnische Infrastruktur der Pannonia romana orientierte sich zwangsläufig an diesen naturräumlichen Gegebenheiten.
Straßen erster Ordnung waren zum einen die von der Donau im Bereich der Thebener Pforte gen Süden in das italische Mutterland (caput adriae) strebende Bernsteinstraße, zum anderen die der Donaugrenze
(ripa) von Vindobona (Wien) nach Byzantion (Konstantinopel)
folgende Heerstraße. Ausgerichtet auf den Lauf der Arrabo, querte eine
in den Quellen unprätentiös als »A Sabaria Bregetione« beschriebene weitere Reichsstraße die kleineTiefebene. Keine 50 Meilen nordöstlich der claudischen Kolonie Savaria (Szombathely), knapp 20 Meilen vor Erreichen der Militärgrenze auf Höhe des Limeskastells Arrabona (Győr), verzeichnet das antoninische Straßenverzeichnis die Stadt Mursella. Bereits seit dem 16. Jh. lokalisierten zeitgenössische Kartographen diese Ansiedlung inmitten der kleinen Tiefebene am Ufer der Raab. Bestätigung erfuhr diese Annahme durch die seit dem 19. Jh. erhaltenen Berichte über Altertümer, die sich beim Sandgraben auf der Kuppe des Dombiföld-Hügels fanden.