Zvolen patrí medzi naše najstaršie stredoveké mestá s bohatou históriou a kultúrnymi tradíciami. ... more Zvolen patrí medzi naše najstaršie stredoveké mestá s bohatou históriou a kultúrnymi tradíciami. Pri vzniku mesta zohrala kľúčovú úlohu jeho výhodná poloha na križovatke diaľkových obchodných komunikácií. Územie bolo nepretržite osídlené už od praveku a nad blízkym potokom Neresnica vzniklo v 9. storočí slovanské hradisko Priekopa, ktoré bolo funkčné a znovu opevnené aj v počiatkoch budovania uhorského štátu. Kontinuita osídlenia viacerých menších osád v okolí Zvolena je rovnako archeologicky doložená aj v poveľkomoravskom období. Od neskorého stredoveku až do druhej polovice 19. storočia v ňom pôsobili početné remeslenícke cechy.
ZBORNÍK SLOVENSKÉHO NÁRODNÉHO MÚZEA CV – 2014 – HISTÓRIA 51, 2014
The contribution is devoted to the issue of time perception and time flow measurement as viewed ... more The contribution is devoted to the issue of time perception and time flow measurement as viewed by a heraldry scholar. The author undertook to identify the common ways of the heraldic expression of the time flow and measurement in the local Hungarian heraldic and sphragistic material. The presented result of the research includes a whole range of heraldic figures the use of which can definitely be associated with the time phenomenon. The range of detected variants of heraldic figures expressing the flow of time is very wide. It ranges from the depiction of genuine measuring equipments in the coats-of-arms up to the heraldic depiction of the purely symbolic level of the time flow. With regard to the time axis we come across its division into two parts – the past and the future, by expressing the changing of day and night, including the dawn (twilight) and its announcement (cock), by depicting a concrete historical boundary (e.g. a comet such as the Star of Bethlehem heralding the arrival of the Saviour), a clearly defined time section (the monogram of the ruling monarch), a concrete day of the week or zodiac signs. The symbolic expression of time measurement could be equally heraldised in several different ways. In the local heraldic and sphragistic material there is evidence of depiction of astronomers, night watches, military trumpeters and postmen and their measuring equipments and signalling tools (trumpets). Less frequent in the local heraldic and sphragistic material is the depiction of mechanical clocks or their parts (component parts) and their makers, i.e., clockmakers. One could also assume a rather rare incidence of sundials and hourglasses. In the conclusion the author claims that the contribution is only a partial analytical exploration in the initial stage of research and it will be possible to supplement its results by further research.
Beitrag zur Geschichte der frühen Kommunität in Trnava/dt. Tyrnau
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit de... more Beitrag zur Geschichte der frühen Kommunität in Trnava/dt. Tyrnau Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Fragen der Entstehung und Entwicklung der italienischen Kommunität im frühen Trnava, die bisher nur wenig bekannt gewesen ist. Sie ist vor allem mit den Namen Giulia Ferrari und Pietro Spazzi verbunden. In der ersten Hälfte des 16. Jh. begannen sich ihre ersten Angehörigen in der Stadt für immer niederzulassen. In die aufblühende Stadt, in der sich außer dem Graner (Ostrrihomer) Erzbischof und dem Domkapitel auch zahlreiche ungarische Magnaten niederließen, wurden sie vor allem von Handel und unternehmerischen Möglichkeiten angelockt. In der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jh. schufen sich die Italiener auch die eigene religiöse Bruderschaft des Leibes Gottes (Corpus Christi), die traditionell von den örtlichen Franziskanern geleitet wurde. In diesem Zeitraum hatten sie im Franziskanerkloster von Trnava ihre eigene Gruft. Die Italiener widmeten sich vor allem dem Baugewerbe, dem Kunsthandwerk und dem Handel. Maurermeister, Steinmetzmeister und Stuckateure waren in der weiteren Umgebung Trnavas tätig. In Trnava selbst waren sie die Erbauer vieler Bauten der Renaissance, der Erneuerung sakraler Bauten und beteiligten sich an der Adaption der gewaltigen mittelalterlichen Stadtmauer. Der Maurermeister und Großhändler Jakub Morals auch genannt Maurer (Murator) war der Baumeister des Stadtturms von Trnava. Ende des 17. Jh. war wahrscheinlich Maurermeister Pietro Carare (Karare, Carave, Karave) am markantesten, der viele Bauaktionen in Trnava und Umgebung realisiert hat. 1688 z. B. führte er den umfangreichen Umbau der Befestigungen des Renaissance-Schlosses in Nebojsa (Galanta) durch. In Trnava war Ende des 17. Jh. auch das Maurergeschlecht der Canavales tätig. Markus Anton und Pietro Carare bauten 1695 das Stadthaus (Langhás) um. Die Canavales realisierten auch den Umbau und die Erneuerung von Objekten in der Umgebung Trnavas. Aus der Gruppe der Eigentümer von Ziegeleien und Brennereien wur�de Cesare Bekaria 1602 geadelt. In der ersten Hälfte des 18.Jh. zogen sich die italienischen Meister nach und nach aus dem verfallenden Trnava zurück. Eine Ausnahme bildeten einige Familien der Rauchfangkehrer , auf die wir bis ins 20. Jh. treffen.
Abbildungen Abb. 1. Unterer Teil des Stadtturms, der Werk des italienischen Meisters Jakub Murator ist. Foto: M. Kazimír. Abb. 2. Teil der reichen Stuckverzierungen des Bürgerhauses in der Štefánik Straße Nr.
Industriálne a technické pamiatky a areály v Bratislavskej župe : zborník príspevkov z konferencie Bratislavského samosprávneho kraja Dni európskeho kultúrneho dedičstva 2015, 2015
This paper deals with the collecting activities of
the Erdődy family, carried out in Hlohovec cas... more This paper deals with the collecting activities of the Erdődy family, carried out in Hlohovec castle. The rich art collections also included a separate numismatic cabinet which was probably founded at the end of the 18th century. Neither the cabinet or the numismatic collections now survive. Using an inventory, the author reconstructs its furnis‐ hing and probable functions.
Catalogues of the Červený Kameň numismatics
collection of count Rudolf I. Pálffy
From the 17th ce... more Catalogues of the Červený Kameň numismatics collection of count Rudolf I. Pálffy From the 17th century onwards, the Pálffy family was one of the most important Hungarian lineages of magnates. Count Rudolf I. Pálffy (*1719, † 1768) was the joint owner of the Červený Kameň estate and castle. After a brilliant military career (lieutenant field marshal) he devoted himself to property management, construction projects, horse breeding and collection activities. The count’s little known but extensive and varied natural history and art history collections were stored in the castle cabinet. We are aware of the existence of the numismatics collection from five hand-written catalogues dating from 1761 and from the 1770s. The best presented was the “Collection of Ancient Copper Coins”, drawn up by the count himself. The catalogue from 1761, following its title, deals with chronologically arranged ancient copper nominals of Roman emperors, empresses and tyrants, from Gaius Caesar to Basil. However, it also contained six Roman republic nominals and a Pompeii mintage. The description focuses on the main figure and includes transcriptions of inscriptions, sometimes with the location, abbreviations written out in full, and specific decorative elements. The text underwent professional correction. Alongside rare catalogue items, there are notices pointing out their rarity and uniqueness; at the end, there is a list of duplicates. According to more recent catalogues compiled after the count’s death, the numismatics collection consisted of three parts. The first was the above-mentioned collection of copper coins, the second was the “Collection of Ancient Gold and Silver Coins” concerning 57 items arranged chronologically from the kings of Paeoniaup to the Byzantine emperor Isaac II. Angelos († 1204). The third part was the “Collection of Various Modern Coins of Ruling Sovereigns” arranged by issuers: European monarchies, Russian tsars, the Ottoman empire, Switzerland, imperial cities and the Papal state; it also contained five Arab mintages and one probably Jewish one. This part was gradually added to until the count’s death, since it also contained European currency from the 1760s. It also included two sub-groups of medals. In the first, there were medals from the 16th to 18th centuries, arranged in alphabetical order by subject- matter. Another five medals could be found in the sub-group “Various”. Rudolf’s collections were inherited by his widow. As a result of debt, however, her sons later had to sell it off. Thus, after 1771, this extensive numismatics collection ceased to exist. Radoslav
Establishment of the numismatic collection of the Franciscan monastery in Bratislava.
T
he hist... more Establishment of the numismatic collection of the Franciscan monastery in Bratislava. T he historical numismatic collection of Bratislava’s Franciscan monastery, unknown until now, was cre ated in 1830. Its basis was the private collection of Father Kilián Kuruc, who in that year also edited its manuscript catalogue, now deposited in the University Library in Bratislava. Father Kuruc was active in academia and publication, and worked as a librarian in the monastery in his retirement. The numismatic collection, which is not so big, was deposited for this reason in the local library, where it was probably accessible to members and visitors to the monastery. It contained several hundred items. Chronologically, it covered the period from Antiquity to period nominals. It also included several medals from the 18th to 19th centuries. In the following two decades, the collection was added to by small donations. We know the names of the donors from more recent addenda to the above-mentioned catalogue. They were mostly clerics associated in various ways with the monastery. The coins were mainly ancient and period nominals, originating from their journeys abroad. A relatively large group of period nominals was directly related to the revolutionary year of 1848.
Catalogue of an unknown numismatic collection from the first half of the 19th century
An as yet u... more Catalogue of an unknown numismatic collection from the first half of the 19th century An as yet unknown historical manuscript catalogue of a numismatic collection is at present held in the University Library in Bratislava. The catalogue of the collection was drawn up according to an analysis of its contents in the period after 1830 and the author of this article was unable to identify specifically its author. The author of the catalogue was clearly inspired by a printed model when drawing it up. The numismatic collection was divided internally into two parts: silver and copper mintages, and contained a varied mixture of several hundred nominals originating from a wide chronological period, from Antiquity until current currency from the 19th century, several medals as well as several counterfeits, identified by the author of the catalogue himself. Modern age mintages from the local Habsburg monarchy dominated the studied collection, and European currency current at the time from the first half of the 19th century. The author of the collection tried to arrange chronologically the mintages grouped together by content.
Zvolen patrí medzi naše najstaršie stredoveké mestá s bohatou históriou a kultúrnymi tradíciami. ... more Zvolen patrí medzi naše najstaršie stredoveké mestá s bohatou históriou a kultúrnymi tradíciami. Pri vzniku mesta zohrala kľúčovú úlohu jeho výhodná poloha na križovatke diaľkových obchodných komunikácií. Územie bolo nepretržite osídlené už od praveku a nad blízkym potokom Neresnica vzniklo v 9. storočí slovanské hradisko Priekopa, ktoré bolo funkčné a znovu opevnené aj v počiatkoch budovania uhorského štátu. Kontinuita osídlenia viacerých menších osád v okolí Zvolena je rovnako archeologicky doložená aj v poveľkomoravskom období. Od neskorého stredoveku až do druhej polovice 19. storočia v ňom pôsobili početné remeslenícke cechy.
ZBORNÍK SLOVENSKÉHO NÁRODNÉHO MÚZEA CV – 2014 – HISTÓRIA 51, 2014
The contribution is devoted to the issue of time perception and time flow measurement as viewed ... more The contribution is devoted to the issue of time perception and time flow measurement as viewed by a heraldry scholar. The author undertook to identify the common ways of the heraldic expression of the time flow and measurement in the local Hungarian heraldic and sphragistic material. The presented result of the research includes a whole range of heraldic figures the use of which can definitely be associated with the time phenomenon. The range of detected variants of heraldic figures expressing the flow of time is very wide. It ranges from the depiction of genuine measuring equipments in the coats-of-arms up to the heraldic depiction of the purely symbolic level of the time flow. With regard to the time axis we come across its division into two parts – the past and the future, by expressing the changing of day and night, including the dawn (twilight) and its announcement (cock), by depicting a concrete historical boundary (e.g. a comet such as the Star of Bethlehem heralding the arrival of the Saviour), a clearly defined time section (the monogram of the ruling monarch), a concrete day of the week or zodiac signs. The symbolic expression of time measurement could be equally heraldised in several different ways. In the local heraldic and sphragistic material there is evidence of depiction of astronomers, night watches, military trumpeters and postmen and their measuring equipments and signalling tools (trumpets). Less frequent in the local heraldic and sphragistic material is the depiction of mechanical clocks or their parts (component parts) and their makers, i.e., clockmakers. One could also assume a rather rare incidence of sundials and hourglasses. In the conclusion the author claims that the contribution is only a partial analytical exploration in the initial stage of research and it will be possible to supplement its results by further research.
Beitrag zur Geschichte der frühen Kommunität in Trnava/dt. Tyrnau
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit de... more Beitrag zur Geschichte der frühen Kommunität in Trnava/dt. Tyrnau Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Fragen der Entstehung und Entwicklung der italienischen Kommunität im frühen Trnava, die bisher nur wenig bekannt gewesen ist. Sie ist vor allem mit den Namen Giulia Ferrari und Pietro Spazzi verbunden. In der ersten Hälfte des 16. Jh. begannen sich ihre ersten Angehörigen in der Stadt für immer niederzulassen. In die aufblühende Stadt, in der sich außer dem Graner (Ostrrihomer) Erzbischof und dem Domkapitel auch zahlreiche ungarische Magnaten niederließen, wurden sie vor allem von Handel und unternehmerischen Möglichkeiten angelockt. In der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jh. schufen sich die Italiener auch die eigene religiöse Bruderschaft des Leibes Gottes (Corpus Christi), die traditionell von den örtlichen Franziskanern geleitet wurde. In diesem Zeitraum hatten sie im Franziskanerkloster von Trnava ihre eigene Gruft. Die Italiener widmeten sich vor allem dem Baugewerbe, dem Kunsthandwerk und dem Handel. Maurermeister, Steinmetzmeister und Stuckateure waren in der weiteren Umgebung Trnavas tätig. In Trnava selbst waren sie die Erbauer vieler Bauten der Renaissance, der Erneuerung sakraler Bauten und beteiligten sich an der Adaption der gewaltigen mittelalterlichen Stadtmauer. Der Maurermeister und Großhändler Jakub Morals auch genannt Maurer (Murator) war der Baumeister des Stadtturms von Trnava. Ende des 17. Jh. war wahrscheinlich Maurermeister Pietro Carare (Karare, Carave, Karave) am markantesten, der viele Bauaktionen in Trnava und Umgebung realisiert hat. 1688 z. B. führte er den umfangreichen Umbau der Befestigungen des Renaissance-Schlosses in Nebojsa (Galanta) durch. In Trnava war Ende des 17. Jh. auch das Maurergeschlecht der Canavales tätig. Markus Anton und Pietro Carare bauten 1695 das Stadthaus (Langhás) um. Die Canavales realisierten auch den Umbau und die Erneuerung von Objekten in der Umgebung Trnavas. Aus der Gruppe der Eigentümer von Ziegeleien und Brennereien wur�de Cesare Bekaria 1602 geadelt. In der ersten Hälfte des 18.Jh. zogen sich die italienischen Meister nach und nach aus dem verfallenden Trnava zurück. Eine Ausnahme bildeten einige Familien der Rauchfangkehrer , auf die wir bis ins 20. Jh. treffen.
Abbildungen Abb. 1. Unterer Teil des Stadtturms, der Werk des italienischen Meisters Jakub Murator ist. Foto: M. Kazimír. Abb. 2. Teil der reichen Stuckverzierungen des Bürgerhauses in der Štefánik Straße Nr.
Industriálne a technické pamiatky a areály v Bratislavskej župe : zborník príspevkov z konferencie Bratislavského samosprávneho kraja Dni európskeho kultúrneho dedičstva 2015, 2015
This paper deals with the collecting activities of
the Erdődy family, carried out in Hlohovec cas... more This paper deals with the collecting activities of the Erdődy family, carried out in Hlohovec castle. The rich art collections also included a separate numismatic cabinet which was probably founded at the end of the 18th century. Neither the cabinet or the numismatic collections now survive. Using an inventory, the author reconstructs its furnis‐ hing and probable functions.
Catalogues of the Červený Kameň numismatics
collection of count Rudolf I. Pálffy
From the 17th ce... more Catalogues of the Červený Kameň numismatics collection of count Rudolf I. Pálffy From the 17th century onwards, the Pálffy family was one of the most important Hungarian lineages of magnates. Count Rudolf I. Pálffy (*1719, † 1768) was the joint owner of the Červený Kameň estate and castle. After a brilliant military career (lieutenant field marshal) he devoted himself to property management, construction projects, horse breeding and collection activities. The count’s little known but extensive and varied natural history and art history collections were stored in the castle cabinet. We are aware of the existence of the numismatics collection from five hand-written catalogues dating from 1761 and from the 1770s. The best presented was the “Collection of Ancient Copper Coins”, drawn up by the count himself. The catalogue from 1761, following its title, deals with chronologically arranged ancient copper nominals of Roman emperors, empresses and tyrants, from Gaius Caesar to Basil. However, it also contained six Roman republic nominals and a Pompeii mintage. The description focuses on the main figure and includes transcriptions of inscriptions, sometimes with the location, abbreviations written out in full, and specific decorative elements. The text underwent professional correction. Alongside rare catalogue items, there are notices pointing out their rarity and uniqueness; at the end, there is a list of duplicates. According to more recent catalogues compiled after the count’s death, the numismatics collection consisted of three parts. The first was the above-mentioned collection of copper coins, the second was the “Collection of Ancient Gold and Silver Coins” concerning 57 items arranged chronologically from the kings of Paeoniaup to the Byzantine emperor Isaac II. Angelos († 1204). The third part was the “Collection of Various Modern Coins of Ruling Sovereigns” arranged by issuers: European monarchies, Russian tsars, the Ottoman empire, Switzerland, imperial cities and the Papal state; it also contained five Arab mintages and one probably Jewish one. This part was gradually added to until the count’s death, since it also contained European currency from the 1760s. It also included two sub-groups of medals. In the first, there were medals from the 16th to 18th centuries, arranged in alphabetical order by subject- matter. Another five medals could be found in the sub-group “Various”. Rudolf’s collections were inherited by his widow. As a result of debt, however, her sons later had to sell it off. Thus, after 1771, this extensive numismatics collection ceased to exist. Radoslav
Establishment of the numismatic collection of the Franciscan monastery in Bratislava.
T
he hist... more Establishment of the numismatic collection of the Franciscan monastery in Bratislava. T he historical numismatic collection of Bratislava’s Franciscan monastery, unknown until now, was cre ated in 1830. Its basis was the private collection of Father Kilián Kuruc, who in that year also edited its manuscript catalogue, now deposited in the University Library in Bratislava. Father Kuruc was active in academia and publication, and worked as a librarian in the monastery in his retirement. The numismatic collection, which is not so big, was deposited for this reason in the local library, where it was probably accessible to members and visitors to the monastery. It contained several hundred items. Chronologically, it covered the period from Antiquity to period nominals. It also included several medals from the 18th to 19th centuries. In the following two decades, the collection was added to by small donations. We know the names of the donors from more recent addenda to the above-mentioned catalogue. They were mostly clerics associated in various ways with the monastery. The coins were mainly ancient and period nominals, originating from their journeys abroad. A relatively large group of period nominals was directly related to the revolutionary year of 1848.
Catalogue of an unknown numismatic collection from the first half of the 19th century
An as yet u... more Catalogue of an unknown numismatic collection from the first half of the 19th century An as yet unknown historical manuscript catalogue of a numismatic collection is at present held in the University Library in Bratislava. The catalogue of the collection was drawn up according to an analysis of its contents in the period after 1830 and the author of this article was unable to identify specifically its author. The author of the catalogue was clearly inspired by a printed model when drawing it up. The numismatic collection was divided internally into two parts: silver and copper mintages, and contained a varied mixture of several hundred nominals originating from a wide chronological period, from Antiquity until current currency from the 19th century, several medals as well as several counterfeits, identified by the author of the catalogue himself. Modern age mintages from the local Habsburg monarchy dominated the studied collection, and European currency current at the time from the first half of the 19th century. The author of the collection tried to arrange chronologically the mintages grouped together by content.
Studia historica Tyrnaviensia XIII : Historiae vestigia sequentes / [editor: Vladimír Rábik]. - [... more Studia historica Tyrnaviensia XIII : Historiae vestigia sequentes / [editor: Vladimír Rábik]. - [1. vyd.]. - Kraków ; Trnava : Towarzystwo Słowaków w Polsce, Filozofická fakulta Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave, 2011. - Vydavateľ a tlač: Spolok Slovákov v Poľsku v spolupráci s Filozofickou fakultou TU v Trnave. - 359 s. - ISBN 978-83-7490-439-1.
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kľúčovú úlohu jeho výhodná poloha na križovatke diaľkových obchodných komunikácií. Územie bolo nepretržite osídlené
už od praveku a nad blízkym potokom Neresnica vzniklo v 9. storočí slovanské hradisko Priekopa, ktoré bolo funkčné a znovu
opevnené aj v počiatkoch budovania uhorského štátu. Kontinuita osídlenia viacerých menších osád v okolí Zvolena je
rovnako archeologicky doložená aj v poveľkomoravskom období. Od neskorého stredoveku až do druhej polovice 19. storočia v ňom pôsobili početné remeslenícke cechy.
The range of detected variants of heraldic figures expressing the flow of time is very wide. It ranges from the depiction of genuine measuring equipments in the coats-of-arms up to the heraldic depiction of the purely symbolic level of the time flow. With regard to the time axis we come across its division into two parts – the past and the future, by expressing the changing of day and night, including the dawn (twilight) and its announcement (cock), by depicting a concrete historical boundary (e.g. a comet such as the Star of Bethlehem heralding the arrival of the Saviour), a clearly defined time section (the monogram of the ruling monarch), a concrete day of the week or zodiac signs.
The symbolic expression of time measurement could be equally heraldised in several different ways. In the local heraldic and sphragistic material there is evidence of depiction of astronomers, night watches, military trumpeters and postmen and their measuring equipments and signalling tools (trumpets). Less frequent in the local heraldic and sphragistic material is the depiction of mechanical clocks or their parts (component parts) and their makers, i.e., clockmakers. One could also assume a rather rare incidence of sundials and hourglasses. In the conclusion the author claims that the contribution is only a partial analytical exploration in the initial stage of research and it will be possible to supplement its results by further research.
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Fragen der Entstehung und Entwicklung der italienischen Kommunität im frühen Trnava, die bisher nur wenig bekannt gewesen ist. Sie ist vor allem mit den Namen Giulia Ferrari und Pietro Spazzi verbunden. In der ersten Hälfte des 16. Jh. begannen sich ihre ersten Angehörigen in der Stadt für immer niederzulassen. In die aufblühende Stadt, in der sich außer dem Graner (Ostrrihomer) Erzbischof und dem Domkapitel auch zahlreiche ungarische Magnaten niederließen, wurden sie vor allem von Handel und unternehmerischen Möglichkeiten angelockt. In der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jh. schufen sich die Italiener auch die eigene religiöse Bruderschaft des Leibes Gottes (Corpus Christi), die traditionell von den örtlichen Franziskanern geleitet wurde. In diesem Zeitraum hatten sie im Franziskanerkloster von Trnava ihre eigene Gruft. Die Italiener widmeten sich vor allem dem Baugewerbe, dem Kunsthandwerk und dem Handel. Maurermeister, Steinmetzmeister und Stuckateure waren in der weiteren Umgebung Trnavas tätig. In Trnava selbst waren sie die Erbauer vieler Bauten der Renaissance, der Erneuerung sakraler Bauten und beteiligten sich an der Adaption der gewaltigen mittelalterlichen Stadtmauer. Der Maurermeister und Großhändler Jakub Morals auch genannt Maurer (Murator) war der Baumeister des Stadtturms von Trnava. Ende des 17. Jh. war wahrscheinlich Maurermeister Pietro Carare (Karare, Carave, Karave) am markantesten, der viele Bauaktionen in Trnava und Umgebung realisiert hat. 1688 z. B. führte er den umfangreichen Umbau der Befestigungen des Renaissance-Schlosses in Nebojsa (Galanta) durch. In Trnava war Ende des 17. Jh. auch das Maurergeschlecht der Canavales tätig. Markus Anton und Pietro Carare bauten 1695 das Stadthaus (Langhás) um. Die Canavales realisierten auch den Umbau und die Erneuerung von Objekten in der Umgebung Trnavas. Aus der Gruppe der Eigentümer von Ziegeleien und Brennereien wur�de Cesare Bekaria 1602 geadelt. In der ersten Hälfte des 18.Jh. zogen sich die italienischen Meister nach und nach aus dem verfallenden Trnava zurück. Eine Ausnahme bildeten einige Familien der Rauchfangkehrer , auf die wir bis ins 20. Jh. treffen.
Abbildungen
Abb. 1. Unterer Teil des Stadtturms, der Werk des italienischen Meisters Jakub Murator ist. Foto: M. Kazimír.
Abb. 2. Teil der reichen Stuckverzierungen des Bürgerhauses in der Štefánik Straße Nr.
the Erdődy family, carried out in Hlohovec castle.
The rich art collections also included a separate
numismatic cabinet which was probably founded
at the end of the 18th century. Neither the cabinet
or the numismatic collections now survive. Using
an inventory, the author reconstructs its furnis‐
hing and probable functions.
collection of count Rudolf I. Pálffy
From the 17th century onwards, the Pálffy family
was one of the most important Hungarian lineages
of magnates. Count Rudolf I. Pálffy (*1719,
† 1768) was the joint owner of the Červený
Kameň estate and castle. After a brilliant military
career (lieutenant field marshal) he devoted
himself to property management, construction
projects, horse breeding and collection activities.
The count’s little known but extensive and
varied natural history and art history collections
were stored in the castle cabinet. We are aware of
the existence of the numismatics collection from
five hand-written catalogues dating from 1761
and from the 1770s. The best presented was the
“Collection of Ancient Copper Coins”, drawn up
by the count himself. The catalogue from 1761,
following its title, deals with chronologically arranged
ancient copper nominals of Roman emperors,
empresses and tyrants, from Gaius Caesar
to Basil. However, it also contained six Roman
republic nominals and a Pompeii mintage. The
description focuses on the main figure and includes
transcriptions of inscriptions, sometimes with
the location, abbreviations written out in full, and
specific decorative elements. The text underwent
professional correction. Alongside rare catalogue
items, there are notices pointing out their rarity
and uniqueness; at the end, there is a list of
duplicates. According to more recent catalogues
compiled after the count’s death, the numismatics
collection consisted of three parts. The first was
the above-mentioned collection of copper coins,
the second was the “Collection of Ancient Gold
and Silver Coins” concerning 57 items arranged
chronologically from the kings of Paeoniaup to
the Byzantine emperor Isaac II. Angelos († 1204).
The third part was the “Collection of Various Modern
Coins of Ruling Sovereigns” arranged by
issuers: European monarchies, Russian tsars, the
Ottoman empire, Switzerland, imperial cities and
the Papal state; it also contained five Arab mintages
and one probably Jewish one. This part was
gradually added to until the count’s death, since
it also contained European currency from the
1760s. It also included two sub-groups of medals.
In the first, there were medals from the 16th to 18th
centuries, arranged in alphabetical order by subject-
matter. Another five medals could be found
in the sub-group “Various”. Rudolf’s collections
were inherited by his widow. As a result of debt,
however, her sons later had to sell it off. Thus,
after 1771, this extensive numismatics collection
ceased to exist.
Radoslav
T
he historical numismatic collection of Bratislava’s Franciscan monastery, unknown until now, was cre
ated in 1830. Its basis was the private collection of Father Kilián Kuruc, who in that year also edited its
manuscript catalogue, now deposited in the University Library in Bratislava. Father Kuruc was active in
academia and publication, and worked as a librarian in the monastery in his retirement. The numismatic
collection, which is not so big, was deposited for this reason in the local library, where it was probably
accessible to members and visitors to the monastery. It contained several hundred items. Chronologically,
it covered the period from Antiquity to period nominals. It also included several medals from the 18th to
19th centuries. In the following two decades, the collection was added to by small donations. We know
the names of the donors from more recent addenda to the above-mentioned catalogue. They were mostly
clerics associated in various ways with the monastery. The coins were mainly ancient and period nominals,
originating from their journeys abroad. A relatively large group of period nominals was directly related to
the revolutionary year of 1848.
An as yet unknown historical manuscript catalogue of a numismatic collection is at present held in the University
Library in Bratislava. The catalogue of the collection was drawn up according to an analysis of its contents in the
period after 1830 and the author of this article was unable to identify specifically its author. The author of the
catalogue was clearly inspired by a printed model when drawing it up. The numismatic collection was divided
internally into two parts: silver and copper mintages, and contained a varied mixture of several hundred nominals
originating from a wide chronological period, from Antiquity until current currency from the 19th century, several
medals as well as several counterfeits, identified by the author of the catalogue himself. Modern age mintages from
the local Habsburg monarchy dominated the studied collection, and European currency current at the time from
the first half of the 19th century. The author of the collection tried to arrange chronologically the mintages grouped
together by content.
kľúčovú úlohu jeho výhodná poloha na križovatke diaľkových obchodných komunikácií. Územie bolo nepretržite osídlené
už od praveku a nad blízkym potokom Neresnica vzniklo v 9. storočí slovanské hradisko Priekopa, ktoré bolo funkčné a znovu
opevnené aj v počiatkoch budovania uhorského štátu. Kontinuita osídlenia viacerých menších osád v okolí Zvolena je
rovnako archeologicky doložená aj v poveľkomoravskom období. Od neskorého stredoveku až do druhej polovice 19. storočia v ňom pôsobili početné remeslenícke cechy.
The range of detected variants of heraldic figures expressing the flow of time is very wide. It ranges from the depiction of genuine measuring equipments in the coats-of-arms up to the heraldic depiction of the purely symbolic level of the time flow. With regard to the time axis we come across its division into two parts – the past and the future, by expressing the changing of day and night, including the dawn (twilight) and its announcement (cock), by depicting a concrete historical boundary (e.g. a comet such as the Star of Bethlehem heralding the arrival of the Saviour), a clearly defined time section (the monogram of the ruling monarch), a concrete day of the week or zodiac signs.
The symbolic expression of time measurement could be equally heraldised in several different ways. In the local heraldic and sphragistic material there is evidence of depiction of astronomers, night watches, military trumpeters and postmen and their measuring equipments and signalling tools (trumpets). Less frequent in the local heraldic and sphragistic material is the depiction of mechanical clocks or their parts (component parts) and their makers, i.e., clockmakers. One could also assume a rather rare incidence of sundials and hourglasses. In the conclusion the author claims that the contribution is only a partial analytical exploration in the initial stage of research and it will be possible to supplement its results by further research.
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Fragen der Entstehung und Entwicklung der italienischen Kommunität im frühen Trnava, die bisher nur wenig bekannt gewesen ist. Sie ist vor allem mit den Namen Giulia Ferrari und Pietro Spazzi verbunden. In der ersten Hälfte des 16. Jh. begannen sich ihre ersten Angehörigen in der Stadt für immer niederzulassen. In die aufblühende Stadt, in der sich außer dem Graner (Ostrrihomer) Erzbischof und dem Domkapitel auch zahlreiche ungarische Magnaten niederließen, wurden sie vor allem von Handel und unternehmerischen Möglichkeiten angelockt. In der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jh. schufen sich die Italiener auch die eigene religiöse Bruderschaft des Leibes Gottes (Corpus Christi), die traditionell von den örtlichen Franziskanern geleitet wurde. In diesem Zeitraum hatten sie im Franziskanerkloster von Trnava ihre eigene Gruft. Die Italiener widmeten sich vor allem dem Baugewerbe, dem Kunsthandwerk und dem Handel. Maurermeister, Steinmetzmeister und Stuckateure waren in der weiteren Umgebung Trnavas tätig. In Trnava selbst waren sie die Erbauer vieler Bauten der Renaissance, der Erneuerung sakraler Bauten und beteiligten sich an der Adaption der gewaltigen mittelalterlichen Stadtmauer. Der Maurermeister und Großhändler Jakub Morals auch genannt Maurer (Murator) war der Baumeister des Stadtturms von Trnava. Ende des 17. Jh. war wahrscheinlich Maurermeister Pietro Carare (Karare, Carave, Karave) am markantesten, der viele Bauaktionen in Trnava und Umgebung realisiert hat. 1688 z. B. führte er den umfangreichen Umbau der Befestigungen des Renaissance-Schlosses in Nebojsa (Galanta) durch. In Trnava war Ende des 17. Jh. auch das Maurergeschlecht der Canavales tätig. Markus Anton und Pietro Carare bauten 1695 das Stadthaus (Langhás) um. Die Canavales realisierten auch den Umbau und die Erneuerung von Objekten in der Umgebung Trnavas. Aus der Gruppe der Eigentümer von Ziegeleien und Brennereien wur�de Cesare Bekaria 1602 geadelt. In der ersten Hälfte des 18.Jh. zogen sich die italienischen Meister nach und nach aus dem verfallenden Trnava zurück. Eine Ausnahme bildeten einige Familien der Rauchfangkehrer , auf die wir bis ins 20. Jh. treffen.
Abbildungen
Abb. 1. Unterer Teil des Stadtturms, der Werk des italienischen Meisters Jakub Murator ist. Foto: M. Kazimír.
Abb. 2. Teil der reichen Stuckverzierungen des Bürgerhauses in der Štefánik Straße Nr.
the Erdődy family, carried out in Hlohovec castle.
The rich art collections also included a separate
numismatic cabinet which was probably founded
at the end of the 18th century. Neither the cabinet
or the numismatic collections now survive. Using
an inventory, the author reconstructs its furnis‐
hing and probable functions.
collection of count Rudolf I. Pálffy
From the 17th century onwards, the Pálffy family
was one of the most important Hungarian lineages
of magnates. Count Rudolf I. Pálffy (*1719,
† 1768) was the joint owner of the Červený
Kameň estate and castle. After a brilliant military
career (lieutenant field marshal) he devoted
himself to property management, construction
projects, horse breeding and collection activities.
The count’s little known but extensive and
varied natural history and art history collections
were stored in the castle cabinet. We are aware of
the existence of the numismatics collection from
five hand-written catalogues dating from 1761
and from the 1770s. The best presented was the
“Collection of Ancient Copper Coins”, drawn up
by the count himself. The catalogue from 1761,
following its title, deals with chronologically arranged
ancient copper nominals of Roman emperors,
empresses and tyrants, from Gaius Caesar
to Basil. However, it also contained six Roman
republic nominals and a Pompeii mintage. The
description focuses on the main figure and includes
transcriptions of inscriptions, sometimes with
the location, abbreviations written out in full, and
specific decorative elements. The text underwent
professional correction. Alongside rare catalogue
items, there are notices pointing out their rarity
and uniqueness; at the end, there is a list of
duplicates. According to more recent catalogues
compiled after the count’s death, the numismatics
collection consisted of three parts. The first was
the above-mentioned collection of copper coins,
the second was the “Collection of Ancient Gold
and Silver Coins” concerning 57 items arranged
chronologically from the kings of Paeoniaup to
the Byzantine emperor Isaac II. Angelos († 1204).
The third part was the “Collection of Various Modern
Coins of Ruling Sovereigns” arranged by
issuers: European monarchies, Russian tsars, the
Ottoman empire, Switzerland, imperial cities and
the Papal state; it also contained five Arab mintages
and one probably Jewish one. This part was
gradually added to until the count’s death, since
it also contained European currency from the
1760s. It also included two sub-groups of medals.
In the first, there were medals from the 16th to 18th
centuries, arranged in alphabetical order by subject-
matter. Another five medals could be found
in the sub-group “Various”. Rudolf’s collections
were inherited by his widow. As a result of debt,
however, her sons later had to sell it off. Thus,
after 1771, this extensive numismatics collection
ceased to exist.
Radoslav
T
he historical numismatic collection of Bratislava’s Franciscan monastery, unknown until now, was cre
ated in 1830. Its basis was the private collection of Father Kilián Kuruc, who in that year also edited its
manuscript catalogue, now deposited in the University Library in Bratislava. Father Kuruc was active in
academia and publication, and worked as a librarian in the monastery in his retirement. The numismatic
collection, which is not so big, was deposited for this reason in the local library, where it was probably
accessible to members and visitors to the monastery. It contained several hundred items. Chronologically,
it covered the period from Antiquity to period nominals. It also included several medals from the 18th to
19th centuries. In the following two decades, the collection was added to by small donations. We know
the names of the donors from more recent addenda to the above-mentioned catalogue. They were mostly
clerics associated in various ways with the monastery. The coins were mainly ancient and period nominals,
originating from their journeys abroad. A relatively large group of period nominals was directly related to
the revolutionary year of 1848.
An as yet unknown historical manuscript catalogue of a numismatic collection is at present held in the University
Library in Bratislava. The catalogue of the collection was drawn up according to an analysis of its contents in the
period after 1830 and the author of this article was unable to identify specifically its author. The author of the
catalogue was clearly inspired by a printed model when drawing it up. The numismatic collection was divided
internally into two parts: silver and copper mintages, and contained a varied mixture of several hundred nominals
originating from a wide chronological period, from Antiquity until current currency from the 19th century, several
medals as well as several counterfeits, identified by the author of the catalogue himself. Modern age mintages from
the local Habsburg monarchy dominated the studied collection, and European currency current at the time from
the first half of the 19th century. The author of the collection tried to arrange chronologically the mintages grouped
together by content.