The volumes of information created, generated and stored are immense that without adequate knowle... more The volumes of information created, generated and stored are immense that without adequate knowledge of information retrieval methods, the retrieval process for an information user would be cumbersome and frustrating. Studies have further revealed that information retrieval methods are essential in information centers for storage and retrieval of information. The paper discusses the concept of Information retrieval, the various information retrieval methods. It examines the users of these information methods and their information behavior. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a continuous evaluation of the information retrieval methods to make for and effective and efficient information retrieval system
ABSTRACT
The study investigates the determinants and effects of poverty among rural people. The s... more ABSTRACT The study investigates the determinants and effects of poverty among rural people. The study used decrypting research, which is a survey method, simple random sampling technique was used to selected 50 rural dwellers in the Ose Local Government frequently and simple percentage were used to analyze the data obtained from the survey unemployment or underemployment is one of the factor causing poverty in the rural area, poor channel of social amenities is another factor and these home defaced the rural dwellers. In the light of this government should provide loan facilities for the farmers in the local government through micro-finance bank with relation low interest.
Abstract: Amount of taxes serves as life blood for government. This paper aims to recognize reaso... more Abstract: Amount of taxes serves as life blood for government. This paper aims to recognize reasons/causes of tax avoidance and evasion in Pakistan. Relationship between variables of reasons/causes of tax avoidance and evasion are also examined. A questionnaire is developed after reviewing literature to collect responses. Data are analyzed using percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, variance, central limit theorem, cumulative normal distribution calculator, factor analysis, and correlation technique. Results indicate that all variables of reasons/causes of tax avoidance and evasion in Pakistan are correct. Furthermore, there exists a highly significant positive relationship between individual variables of reasons/causes of tax avoidance and evasion in Pakistan at 100% significance level.
ABSTRACT
The modern view of taxation stems from the common premises that no one can be an island ... more ABSTRACT The modern view of taxation stems from the common premises that no one can be an island for him or herself. In 1996, Moses, Williams and Salter defined tax as a compulsory levy collected by the government to fund public expenditure. The researcher’s purpose to this study is to delve into income tax and why income earners like traders evade income tax. The main objectives of the study are to examine why people evade income tax payment. Also the researcher intend to examine the effect income tax evasion has on the economy and the problems that tax administration faces in an attempt to mobilize tax revenue from traders in Adum-Kumasi and offer solutions with suitable suggestions and recommendations. For the purpose of convenience, Kumasi Metropolis was chosen as the study area. Respondents for this study shall be traders within Adum market area and GRA (Domestic Tax). Forty Traders and Ten GRA Official were targeted. Ten personals were also interviewed using a random sampling technique. Questionnaires were the major instrument used for data collection. The study was to find out the problem connected with income tax evasion on the economy. The research revealed many problems on individuals’ attitude towards income tax. It was found out that their educational background were low. This was especially in the case of traders. Most of them were basic and secondary school leavers who had no in-depth education in taxes. Also, it was observed that the traders did not keep proper records, which makes it difficult to ascertain their correct and actual assessable incomes.
The volumes of information created, generated and stored are immense that without adequate knowle... more The volumes of information created, generated and stored are immense that without adequate knowledge of information retrieval methods, the retrieval process for an information user would be cumbersome and frustrating. Studies have further revealed that information retrieval methods are essential in information centers for storage and retrieval of information. The paper discusses the concept of Information retrieval, the various information retrieval methods. It examines the users of these information methods and their information behavior. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a continuous evaluation of the information retrieval methods to make for and effective and efficient information retrieval system
ABSTRACT
The study investigates the determinants and effects of poverty among rural people. The s... more ABSTRACT The study investigates the determinants and effects of poverty among rural people. The study used decrypting research, which is a survey method, simple random sampling technique was used to selected 50 rural dwellers in the Ose Local Government frequently and simple percentage were used to analyze the data obtained from the survey unemployment or underemployment is one of the factor causing poverty in the rural area, poor channel of social amenities is another factor and these home defaced the rural dwellers. In the light of this government should provide loan facilities for the farmers in the local government through micro-finance bank with relation low interest.
Abstract: Amount of taxes serves as life blood for government. This paper aims to recognize reaso... more Abstract: Amount of taxes serves as life blood for government. This paper aims to recognize reasons/causes of tax avoidance and evasion in Pakistan. Relationship between variables of reasons/causes of tax avoidance and evasion are also examined. A questionnaire is developed after reviewing literature to collect responses. Data are analyzed using percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, variance, central limit theorem, cumulative normal distribution calculator, factor analysis, and correlation technique. Results indicate that all variables of reasons/causes of tax avoidance and evasion in Pakistan are correct. Furthermore, there exists a highly significant positive relationship between individual variables of reasons/causes of tax avoidance and evasion in Pakistan at 100% significance level.
ABSTRACT
The modern view of taxation stems from the common premises that no one can be an island ... more ABSTRACT The modern view of taxation stems from the common premises that no one can be an island for him or herself. In 1996, Moses, Williams and Salter defined tax as a compulsory levy collected by the government to fund public expenditure. The researcher’s purpose to this study is to delve into income tax and why income earners like traders evade income tax. The main objectives of the study are to examine why people evade income tax payment. Also the researcher intend to examine the effect income tax evasion has on the economy and the problems that tax administration faces in an attempt to mobilize tax revenue from traders in Adum-Kumasi and offer solutions with suitable suggestions and recommendations. For the purpose of convenience, Kumasi Metropolis was chosen as the study area. Respondents for this study shall be traders within Adum market area and GRA (Domestic Tax). Forty Traders and Ten GRA Official were targeted. Ten personals were also interviewed using a random sampling technique. Questionnaires were the major instrument used for data collection. The study was to find out the problem connected with income tax evasion on the economy. The research revealed many problems on individuals’ attitude towards income tax. It was found out that their educational background were low. This was especially in the case of traders. Most of them were basic and secondary school leavers who had no in-depth education in taxes. Also, it was observed that the traders did not keep proper records, which makes it difficult to ascertain their correct and actual assessable incomes.
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The study investigates the determinants and effects of poverty among rural people. The study used decrypting research, which is a survey method, simple random sampling technique was used to selected 50 rural dwellers in the Ose Local Government frequently and simple percentage were used to analyze the data obtained from the survey unemployment or underemployment is one of the factor causing poverty in the rural area, poor channel of social amenities is another factor and these home defaced the rural dwellers. In the light of this government should provide loan facilities for the farmers in the local government through micro-finance bank with relation low interest.
The modern view of taxation stems from the common premises that no one can be an island for
him or herself.
In 1996, Moses, Williams and Salter defined tax as a compulsory levy collected by the
government to fund public expenditure.
The researcher’s purpose to this study is to delve into income tax and why income earners like
traders evade income tax.
The main objectives of the study are to examine why people evade income tax payment.
Also the researcher intend to examine the effect income tax evasion has on the economy and the
problems that tax administration faces in an attempt to mobilize tax revenue from traders in
Adum-Kumasi and offer solutions with suitable suggestions and recommendations.
For the purpose of convenience, Kumasi Metropolis was chosen as the study area. Respondents
for this study shall be traders within Adum market area and GRA (Domestic Tax). Forty Traders
and Ten GRA Official were targeted. Ten personals were also interviewed using a random
sampling technique. Questionnaires were the major instrument used for data collection.
The study was to find out the problem connected with income tax evasion on the economy. The
research revealed many problems on individuals’ attitude towards income tax. It was found out
that their educational background were low. This was especially in the case of traders. Most of
them were basic and secondary school leavers who had no in-depth education in taxes. Also, it
was observed that the traders did not keep proper records, which makes it difficult to ascertain
their correct and actual assessable incomes.
The study investigates the determinants and effects of poverty among rural people. The study used decrypting research, which is a survey method, simple random sampling technique was used to selected 50 rural dwellers in the Ose Local Government frequently and simple percentage were used to analyze the data obtained from the survey unemployment or underemployment is one of the factor causing poverty in the rural area, poor channel of social amenities is another factor and these home defaced the rural dwellers. In the light of this government should provide loan facilities for the farmers in the local government through micro-finance bank with relation low interest.
The modern view of taxation stems from the common premises that no one can be an island for
him or herself.
In 1996, Moses, Williams and Salter defined tax as a compulsory levy collected by the
government to fund public expenditure.
The researcher’s purpose to this study is to delve into income tax and why income earners like
traders evade income tax.
The main objectives of the study are to examine why people evade income tax payment.
Also the researcher intend to examine the effect income tax evasion has on the economy and the
problems that tax administration faces in an attempt to mobilize tax revenue from traders in
Adum-Kumasi and offer solutions with suitable suggestions and recommendations.
For the purpose of convenience, Kumasi Metropolis was chosen as the study area. Respondents
for this study shall be traders within Adum market area and GRA (Domestic Tax). Forty Traders
and Ten GRA Official were targeted. Ten personals were also interviewed using a random
sampling technique. Questionnaires were the major instrument used for data collection.
The study was to find out the problem connected with income tax evasion on the economy. The
research revealed many problems on individuals’ attitude towards income tax. It was found out
that their educational background were low. This was especially in the case of traders. Most of
them were basic and secondary school leavers who had no in-depth education in taxes. Also, it
was observed that the traders did not keep proper records, which makes it difficult to ascertain
their correct and actual assessable incomes.