Papers by Shina Salihu
Archives of Phytopathology and plant protection , 2023
the production of soybean in Nigeria is still inadequate due to the menace of pests and diseases.... more the production of soybean in Nigeria is still inadequate due to the menace of pests and diseases. the current study was conducted to screen the performance of nineteen newly developed soybean lines that were infected naturally with bacterial diseases, identify promising line(s) with high yield potential and resistance against the diseases. symptoms of soybean foliar diseases were accessed from the 4-12 week after planting, the resistance level of selected lines was also determined and bacteria isolate were culture and identify through morphological and biochemical tests. Four Bacteria species (Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas spp, Clavibacter michiganensis and Bacillus subtilis) were isolated and identified from disease soybean leaf in this study. Whereas based on the pathogenicity test only two were pathogenic and cause soybean foliar disease (P. syringae and X. spp). identified soybean lines differed significantly [p ≤ 0.05] in disease incidence and severity for both diseases. tGx 1990-57F, tGx 1990-55F were moderately resistant to bacterial blight and bacterial pustules. the study confirms that bacteria blight and pustule were present in the study area. it is therefore, recommended that the lines identified as moderately resistant to both diseases may help in future studies and evaluation in local hotspots.
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Journal of Plant Development
Nigeria is the largest producer and consumer of soybean in Sub-Saharan Africa with a low yield of... more Nigeria is the largest producer and consumer of soybean in Sub-Saharan Africa with a low yield of less than 1 ton per hectare. Plant diseases play a major role in yield reduction for the crop. The study was to investigate the incidence and severity of fungal and common viral diseases of some soybean lines and determine their effects on soybean yield. Nineteen newly developed soybean lines with two local checks were evaluated. Fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics while Antigen Coated Plate-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was used for detecting viruses. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance and means were separated at P = 0.05 using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Eight fungi isolated from diseased soybean plants were Fusarium oxysporum, Choanephora infundibulifera, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Culvularia spp., Fusarium verticilloides, Aspergillus flavus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Pestalotia spp., while the common viral symptom o...
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Journal of Plant Development, 2022
Nigeria is the largest producer and consumer of soybean in Sub-Saharan Africa with a low yield of... more Nigeria is the largest producer and consumer of soybean in Sub-Saharan Africa with a low yield of less than 1 ton per hectare. Plant diseases play a major role in yield reduction for the crop. The study was to investigate the incidence and severity of fungal and common viral diseases of some soybean lines and determine their effects on soybean yield. Nineteen newly developed soybean lines with two local checks were evaluated. Fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics while Antigen Coated Plate-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was used for detecting viruses. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance and means were separated at P ≤ 0.05 using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Eight fungi isolated from diseased soybean plants were Fusarium oxysporum, Choanephora infundibulifera, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Culvularia spp., Fusarium verticilloides, Aspergillus flavus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Pestalotia spp., while the common viral symptom on the field was mosaic and mottling. F. oxysporum recorded the highest frequency of occurrence of 40.91% and 22.30%, in both years. F. oxysporum and C. infundibulifera showed characteristics symptoms of blight when used for pathogenicity on both checks. The soybean lines differed significantly [P ≤ 0.05] in disease incidence and severity for both fungi and viral diseases. All lines were positive for Cowpea mild mottle virus [CPMMV] in 2016. All the lines evaluated were moderately resistant to leaf blight disease. The study concluded that these lines were tolerant to all observable diseases occasioned by their abilities to produce higher grain yield compared with the local checks, despite the high disease incidence and severity.
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Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), an exotic moth which recently invaded Africa, is a hi... more Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), an exotic moth which recently invaded Africa, is a highly destructive pest of cereals especially maize a highly valued staple crop in Nigeria. The use of natural enemies such as predators or parasitoids for FAW control is more economically viable and environmentally safer than currently recommended synthetic insecticides. Natural enemies to combat the pest have not yet been reported in Nigeria. An exploration for the pests’ natural enemies was undertaken by collecting FAW eggs and larvae from maize fields. These were reared in the laboratory for emergence, identification and efficacy as natural enemies. This yielded Euplectrus laphygmae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trombidium sp. (Acari.: Trombidiidae). Cotesia or Apanteles spp. were inferred to occur since Stictopisthus sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a secondary parasitoid, that attacks cocoons of Microgasterinae (e.g. Cotesia, Apanteles etc.) a...
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Journal of applied agricultural research, 2021
Rice (Oryzae sativa L.) is the most important staple food in the world today. Nigeria is the high... more Rice (Oryzae sativa L.) is the most important staple food in the world today. Nigeria is the highest producers and importer of rice in the West Africa. Its production is threatened by several diseases causing grain yield losses of staggering dimension. Previous attempts to increase rice production through the use of improved varieties without proper regard for plant protection measures were unsuccessful. Hence, the objectives of this study were, to screening rice lines for resistance to false smut and blast (leaf and panicle blast) under natural conditions and determine yield loss to the diseases. The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of National Cereal Research Institutes, Ibadan Out-Station in 2017 planting season. It was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Ten upland rice lines and 3 checks were screened, twenty plants were randomly selected from a sampling area of 1 m 2 quadrant. Leaf blast (LB), panicle blast (PB) and False Smut (FSm) incidence scoring was carried-out at 2-12 weeks after planting, using a visual scale of 0-9, The resistance level (RL) was also determined; following the standard evaluation scale (SES) of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). All the data collected were analysed using ANOVA. The results indicated that ART3-8L14P3-2-B-2 (6.33) and FARO 63 (5.67) had significantly (p<0.05) higher incidence of FSm than all other lines evaluated.
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Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International
Lecithin is usually derived as a by-product of vegetable oil processing. It is also known as phos... more Lecithin is usually derived as a by-product of vegetable oil processing. It is also known as phosphotidycholine, it is important for its wide use in food manufacturing, product development as well as pharmaceutical products formulation. The quantity of lecithin being imported into Nigeria for use in several industrial sectors is steadily increasing; the attendant effects of such huge importation can be minimized by sourcing lecithin from Nigerian varieties of oil bearing seeds such as sesame. Sequel to a careful selection of seeds, oil was extracted from four varieties of Nigerian sesame using soxlet extraction method. Lecithin was later produced from the extracted oil through oil degumming process. Lecithin quality parameters such as Iodine Values (I.V), Peroxide Values (P.V), Saponification Value (Sap.V), Acid Values (A.V) and Free Fatty Acid (FFA) values were subsequently evaluated for all oil and lecithin samples extracted. Percentage yield of lecithin isolated from the selected...
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PLos ONE, 2021
Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), an exotic moth which recently invaded Africa, is a hi... more Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), an exotic moth which recently invaded Africa, is a highly destructive pest of cereals especially maize a highly valued staple crop in Nigeria. The use of natural enemies such as predators or parasitoids for FAW control is more economically viable and environmentally safer than currently recommended synthetic insecticides. Natural enemies to combat the pest have not yet been reported in Nigeria. An exploration for the pests' natural enemies was undertaken by collecting FAW eggs and larvae from maize fields. These were reared in the laboratory for emergence, identification and efficacy as natural enemies. This yielded Euplectrus laphygmae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trombidium sp. (Acari.: Trombidiidae). Cotesia or Apanteles spp. were inferred to occur since Stictopisthus sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a secondary parasitoid, that attacks cocoons of Microgasterinae (e.g. Cotesia, Apanteles etc...
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PLos ONE, 2021
Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), an exotic moth which recently invaded Africa, is a hi... more Fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda), an exotic moth which recently invaded Africa, is a highly destructive pest of cereals especially maize a highly valued staple crop in Nigeria. The use of natural enemies such as predators or parasitoids for FAW control is more economically viable and environmentally safer than currently recommended synthetic insecticides. Natural enemies to combat the pest have not yet been reported in Nigeria. An exploration for the pests' natural enemies was undertaken by collecting FAW eggs and larvae from maize fields. These were reared in the laboratory for emergence, identification and efficacy as natural enemies. This yielded Euplectrus laphygmae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trombidium sp. (Acari.: Trombidiidae). Cotesia or Apanteles spp. were inferred to occur since Stictopisthus sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a secondary parasitoid, that attacks cocoons of Microgasterinae (e.g. Cotesia, Apanteles etc.) also emerged. Species of yet-to-be identified predators were also observed in various niches of maize plants. A positive relationship was found between FAW instar and the number of E. laphygmae eggs/instar ranging, on average, from 1.5 on second instar to 5.5 on fourth instars hosts. Parasitism rate of T. remus on FAW eggs was 100%. Parasitic mite infestation resulted in increasing paleness, reduced feeding, growth and movement as well as death of FAW 1 st instars. Thus, the occurrence of FAW natural enemies in Nigeria calls for advocacy campaign to incorporate their use into integrated pest management strategies that attract and allow natural enemies to thrive for FAW management.
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Nigerian Journal of Plant Protection , 2020
Soybean crop is the richest source of complete plant protein, essential for human nutrition. The ... more Soybean crop is the richest source of complete plant protein, essential for human nutrition. The crop is susceptible to several viruses prevailing in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of natural infections of viruses and their vectors on five soybean varieties, and evaluate the yield and resistance status of the varieties. The experiment was conducted at the National Cereal Research Institute Experimental Field, Ibadan station in 2017 and 2018 planting season and laid-out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Each plot size was 4 m x 1.5 m. Leaf samples showing virus-like symptoms were collected and tested for Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Cowpea mottle virus (CMeV) and Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) using direct antigen coating-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA). Insect vector counts was carried out weekly using insect traps. It was observed in both years that the percentage insect counts was high at 4 week after planting (WAP) then peak at 6 WAP and later declined from 6 to 8 WAP for both Bemisia tabaci and Aphis glycines. The variety differed significantly in virus disease incidence and severity. All the varieties tested positive for CPMMV and negative for SMV in both years. TGX 1904 and TGX 1835-10F in 2018 tested positive for CMeV. TGX 1448-2E produced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher grain yield of 3785.7 kg/ha than other varieties in 2017, it also had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher grain yield of 3235.4 kg/ha than TGX 1904-6F (1007 kg/ha), TGX 1835-10F (1429.6 kg/ha) and TGX 1987-10F (1737.7 kg/ha) in 2018. Only TGX 1987-62F is resistant to the viruses. CPMMV transmitted by B. tabaci is the most prevalent virus associated with soybean in the study area. Some symptomatic soybean varieties tested negative to the three viruses, hence, further studies involving diagnostic test for more viruses is recommended to ascertain their resistance status.
Keywords: Soybean viruses, Bemisia tabaci, Aphis glycines, Virus incidence, Disease severity.
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International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2021
Twenty-five percent of Nigeria's Soybean production are been consumed in rural areas. Several bio... more Twenty-five percent of Nigeria's Soybean production are been consumed in rural areas. Several biotic and abiotic factors constraint production of soybean, resulting in yield decline. Soil tillage practices is an integral components of cultural soil management practices that impacted diseases. This work, therefore, looks into the effect of three cultural practices on the incidence and intensity of soybean diseases, vis-à-vis their yield. This work was carried out at the Research Field, of National Cereal Research Institutes, Ibadan, in 2020 cropping seasons, using Randomized Complete Block Design in triplicate. Factors are ploughing only (P), ploughing + harrowing (PH), and no-tillage (NOT). Plants were selected from each plot for disease symptoms assessment visually. Data on percentage disease occurrences were analyzed. Means separated by LSD at P=0.05. Disease incidence and severity varied significantly with tillage methods. At 10 weeks after sowing, ploughing alone record significant higher diseases of 29.17% for leaf blight than other tillage methods while plough + harrowing had significantly lower disease incidence for the same disease. Ploughing + harrowing produced a higher seed yield of 2724.83 t/ha, followed by no-tillage (2165.93 t/ha). This study shows that the tillage method affects disease development in Soybean. Further studies on multi-locational field evaluations of the impact of tillage practices on soybean diseases are required.
Keywords:- Soybean, Nigeria, Tillage; Ploughing + Harrowing, Disease Incidence.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and... more Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth. The use of PGPR offers an alternative way to replace chemical fertilizers, which are detrimental to soil microbes and human wellbeing. In this study, we screened PGPR strains that exhibit trait of PGP under in-vitro conditions like phosphate solubilization (PS), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production and their effects on seedling parameters of soybean. Bacteria was isolated from the soil using serial dilution method. The preliminary identification of the isolates was done morphologically. PS ability of each isolates was determined on Pikovskaya medium, while HCN production was also evaluated. Twelve healthy soybean seeds of both inoculated and controls in 3 replications with 5 treatments, were set up, to evaluate seed germination and seedling growth. Percentage seed germination and inhibition were calculated. Eleven distinct bacteria were isolated, but only 4 were able to exhibit highest trait of PGP. Pgpr/soy02 had the highest percentage PS of 60.6% followed by Pgpr/soy03 (60%), while pgpr/soy04 and 03 had highest HCN production. Seeds inoculated with Pgpr/soy03 and 04 showed higher percent germination of (83.3%) compared to the control (50%). isolate Pgpr/soy03 produced the highest shoot length of (11.6 cm) while Pgpr/soy04 produced the highest seedling height of (21.5 cm). Seedlings dry weight ranged from 5.54-6.22 mg/plant, over the control. The results of the study conclude that only 4 bacteria isolates, had PGP traits. Its therefore, recommended that further study to determine the antifungal activity and genotypic identification of each strain, should be investigated.
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In search of alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers, a laboratory experiment was carried ... more In search of alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers, a laboratory experiment was carried out to detect phosphorus
solubilizing bacteria in soils at University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Isolation and enumeration of the bacteria were carried out for
three different sites (sugarcane, teak plantation and research fields). The National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate
(NBRIP) mediums were used in liquid and solid forms to screen isolates for P-solubilizing activities. The effect of the two
high solubilizing bacteria isolates on germinability and seedling growth were further assessed using cowpea as a test plant.
The percentage occurrence of bacteria was highest in sugarcane field (80%), followed by teak plantation (60%) then research
field (40%). Isolates showed varying ability to solubilize P on NBRIP medium. Two isolates from research field had Psolubilizing
ability. Also, two isolates from teak plantation had high p-solubilizing ability while four isolates from sugarcane
field showed P-solubilizing ability. Some isolates shown P solubilizing on solid NBRIP while some showed on liquid NBRIP
medium. Treatment of cowpea seeds with phosphate solubilizing bacteria was found to be beneficial as there was general
increase in seed germination as compared to control. Low concentrations of inoculums used showed highest increase in both
plumule length (53.8%) and radicle length (61.7%). The study showed that many strains of bacteria in soils have the ability
to solubilize P at varying degree and the use of bacteria strains as seed inoculants can improve seed germination and seedling
growth.
Keywords: Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria, National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate (NBRIP), P-Solubilizing Ability,
Cowpea
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Conference Presentations by Shina Salihu
Agricultural Society of Nigeria , 2022
Seed-borne pathogens are responsible for seed rot in soybeans, resulting in poor germination and ... more Seed-borne pathogens are responsible for seed rot in soybeans, resulting in poor germination and seedling mortality, leading to low productivity. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of storage types and seed disinfection period on seed germination and seed-borne fungi of soybean. Seed samples were tested for seed-borne fungi using the blotter and agar plate method after treatment with three disinfection periods (0, 3 and 6 minutes) and under two storage environments; cold storage and warehouse. Fungi were identified based on colony morphology and microscopic characteristics. Germination percentage and seedling vigour were also determined. A total of seven fungi species; Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Fusarium spp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., and Curvularia sp. were isolated from the soybean seeds, irrespective of the storage type and disinfection time. Fusarium and Curvularia species were not isolated by the blotter method. The seed disinfection period showed a significant effect (p>0.05) on the percentage incidence of fungal infection. Aspergillus flavus had the highest percentage occurrence, with 32.8% and 29.5% from the blotter and agar plate method, respectively, in 0-minute seed lots, while Penicillium species had the least occurrence in both storage types, with 12.9% and 15.67% on the blotter and agar plate method, respectively, in the plate disinfected for 6 minutes. The study showed that surface disinfection period and storage methods considerably affect fungal infection and quality of soybean seed. Therefore, seed-borne fungi can be reduced by seed treatment and better storage conditions.
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Agricultural Society of Nigeria, 2019
Field experiment was conducted in late 2015 and early 2016 farming season, to determine correlati... more Field experiment was conducted in late 2015 and early 2016 farming season, to determine correlationcoefficient and extents of association among growth contributing traits, disease incidence, severity and the significant level of these relationships in 10 newly develop early maturing soybean lines. From this study, days to flowering correlated positively and highly significant with cowpea mild mottle virus (r = 0.60) and (r = 0.64) at (P ≤ 0.01) in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Hundred seed weight correlated negatively and significantly with Fusarium blight (r =-0.50) and (r =-0.50) at (P ≤ 0.05), bacterial pustule (r =-0.60) and (r =-0.65) at (P ≤ 0.01) and disease incidence (r =-0.62) at (P ≤ 0.01) and (r =-0.52) at (P ≤ 0.05) in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Positive and significantly higher correlation was observed among disease incidence and disease severity in both years, while there was negative and non-significant (P > 0.05) correlation between grain yield and all the diseases evaluated in this study in both years. Disease parameters recorded positive correlation among each other, which indicate strong relationships between and within disease parameters. Traits such as number of pod per plant, seed per pod, 100 seed weight and ability to withstand diseases attack, should be important traits for varietal selection, as this could improve grain yield in soybean.
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Soybean is valued as a productive and adaptable crop that fits well into cropping patterns under ... more Soybean is valued as a productive and adaptable crop that fits well into cropping patterns under varying agro-climatic conditions. It production is been hampered by several plant pathogens causing premature death of stems, foliage, and at times seedling mortality, resulting in decreased production. Various studies have proven that the use of resistant varieties can effectively control some soybean foliar diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate early and medium maturing soybean lines for resistance to Fusarium leaf blight and viral diseases and their effects on yield. Nineteen newly - developed soybean lines with two local checks were evaluated for this study in late 2015 and early 2016 cropping seasons. The twenty - one lines were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Fungal isolates was identified using cultural and morphological characteristics while Antigen Coated Plate-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ACP-ELISA) was used for detecting viruses. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance and means were separated at P<0.05 using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Pathogenicity test help confirm that Fusarium oxysporum is the causative pathogen for leaf blight in all the lines while ACP-ELISA confirmed the presence of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) and Cowpea mottle virus (CpMov) on all the lines showing symptoms of mosaic and mottling pattern on the field. The soybean lines differed significantly (p ˃ 0.05) in disease incidence and severity for both Fusarium blight and the viral diseases. All lines were moderately resistant to Fusarium blight. Among the early maturing lines, TGx 1989-68FN (2015) and TGx 1485-1D (Check) (2016) were tested positive for Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) and Cowpea mottle virus (CpMov) respectively. All lines were Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) positive in 2016 regardless of the maturity group. In 2015 and 2016, TGx1990-46F recorded high grain yield of 465.97 kgha-1 and 696.30 kgha-1 respectively, for early maturing lines, while TGx1990-110FN and TGx1989-42F recorded high grain yield of 472.60 kgha-1 and 696.80 kgha-1 respectively, for medium maturing lines. The study concluded that all lines were tolerant to all observable diseases occasioned by their abilities to produce higher grain yield compared with the local checks, despite the high disease incidence and severity. Hence, these lines should be evaluated in other agro-ecological zones to determine their resistance effectiveness to foliar diseases.
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Egusi melon Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Mansf. is a vegetable crop commonly cultivated in West Afri... more Egusi melon Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Mansf. is a vegetable crop commonly cultivated in West Africa for its edible nutrient rich seeds popularly called “egusi” (Yoruba). The production of Egusi melon in Nigeria is threatened by many factors especially increased incidence of foliar pathogens. Growers usually apply fungicide which is expensive and ineffective over time for control. Hence, there is need for a more eco- friendly management approach to these diseases. The use of plant extracts has been employed in disease control of many economically important crops but this has not been extensively used on the diseases of Egusi melon. The plants screened for in this study were Thevetia neriifolia and Phyllanthus amarus. Fresh crude extracts were prepared by water extraction
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Papers by Shina Salihu
Keywords: Soybean viruses, Bemisia tabaci, Aphis glycines, Virus incidence, Disease severity.
Keywords:- Soybean, Nigeria, Tillage; Ploughing + Harrowing, Disease Incidence.
solubilizing bacteria in soils at University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Isolation and enumeration of the bacteria were carried out for
three different sites (sugarcane, teak plantation and research fields). The National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate
(NBRIP) mediums were used in liquid and solid forms to screen isolates for P-solubilizing activities. The effect of the two
high solubilizing bacteria isolates on germinability and seedling growth were further assessed using cowpea as a test plant.
The percentage occurrence of bacteria was highest in sugarcane field (80%), followed by teak plantation (60%) then research
field (40%). Isolates showed varying ability to solubilize P on NBRIP medium. Two isolates from research field had Psolubilizing
ability. Also, two isolates from teak plantation had high p-solubilizing ability while four isolates from sugarcane
field showed P-solubilizing ability. Some isolates shown P solubilizing on solid NBRIP while some showed on liquid NBRIP
medium. Treatment of cowpea seeds with phosphate solubilizing bacteria was found to be beneficial as there was general
increase in seed germination as compared to control. Low concentrations of inoculums used showed highest increase in both
plumule length (53.8%) and radicle length (61.7%). The study showed that many strains of bacteria in soils have the ability
to solubilize P at varying degree and the use of bacteria strains as seed inoculants can improve seed germination and seedling
growth.
Keywords: Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria, National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate (NBRIP), P-Solubilizing Ability,
Cowpea
Conference Presentations by Shina Salihu
Keywords: Soybean viruses, Bemisia tabaci, Aphis glycines, Virus incidence, Disease severity.
Keywords:- Soybean, Nigeria, Tillage; Ploughing + Harrowing, Disease Incidence.
solubilizing bacteria in soils at University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Isolation and enumeration of the bacteria were carried out for
three different sites (sugarcane, teak plantation and research fields). The National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate
(NBRIP) mediums were used in liquid and solid forms to screen isolates for P-solubilizing activities. The effect of the two
high solubilizing bacteria isolates on germinability and seedling growth were further assessed using cowpea as a test plant.
The percentage occurrence of bacteria was highest in sugarcane field (80%), followed by teak plantation (60%) then research
field (40%). Isolates showed varying ability to solubilize P on NBRIP medium. Two isolates from research field had Psolubilizing
ability. Also, two isolates from teak plantation had high p-solubilizing ability while four isolates from sugarcane
field showed P-solubilizing ability. Some isolates shown P solubilizing on solid NBRIP while some showed on liquid NBRIP
medium. Treatment of cowpea seeds with phosphate solubilizing bacteria was found to be beneficial as there was general
increase in seed germination as compared to control. Low concentrations of inoculums used showed highest increase in both
plumule length (53.8%) and radicle length (61.7%). The study showed that many strains of bacteria in soils have the ability
to solubilize P at varying degree and the use of bacteria strains as seed inoculants can improve seed germination and seedling
growth.
Keywords: Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria, National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate (NBRIP), P-Solubilizing Ability,
Cowpea