Papers by Nikolaos Leonidakis
The population movements caused by the Greek Revolution between 1821-1830 left their mark on the ... more The population movements caused by the Greek Revolution between 1821-1830 left their mark on the new Greek state. The Greek Revolution can be seen as a breach with the past, in the sense of a partial transcendence of a sense of localism and a narrow view of the world in a limited geographical and cultural space. These movements contributed to the creation of the first urban centers which would be the future cities of the new Greek state, certainly smaller in relation to other counterparts in Europe and even the Ottoman area, but albeit larger than those of the Pre-revolutionary past. The Revolution, however, can also be interpreted as a continuation, as demographic changes took place late in the 19th century, continuing pre-revolutionary trends. Large population movements had taken place in the past, during Venetian and Ottoman rule, voluntarily or involuntarily, although perhaps not with such a significant impact. The new Greek state became a pole of attraction for Greeks from the Ottoman countries, and respectively many Greek citizens sought economic opportunities in Ottoman urban centers such as Izmir and Istanbul. The contacts between the two sides of the Aegean did not stop with the formation of the new Greek State in 1830, they continued until their final cessation a century later.
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Εκδοχές της ηθικής οικονομίας, 2021
Lockouts in Interwar Greece, an incomplete moralisation of an employers’ practice- Abstract
Th... more Lockouts in Interwar Greece, an incomplete moralisation of an employers’ practice- Abstract
The paper is based on the research project of "Moral Economy» at the Institute of Mediterranean Studies in Rethymno, concerning the implementation of business lockouts during the Greek Interwar and their perception in Greek society as a relatively new employers’ practice. Additionally, there was an attempt to examine whether the use of this powerful employers’ weapon, as a means of bending the workers’ reactions to the attempted deskilling of industrial work, and the loss of employees’ control of the workplace, were manifestations of the Greek Interwar’s working class moral economy, as some Greek scholars argued. The indexing of the relevant newspaper articles, from World War I until August 1936, were used as sources, as there were no official records of the labor disputes until 1951. The findings of the survey show that the Greek Interwar’s lockouts cannot be explained only as an employers’ reactions to the labor’s actions, as a significant number of them were implemented using the labor force as a weapon against Greek Government decisions. There was indeed an attempt by the labor unions and the communist Press to moralise lockouts, but eventually it did not bore fruits, as it did not achieved a wider social mobilisation against it. However it is argued that the study of the moral conflict between the managerial prerogative, and the employees’ attempts to control working time and productivity, combined with the Government’s role as intςermediary factor, is essential for a more accurate narrative of Greek Interwar’s Labor history.
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The finance of a «bandit-stricken" industry with Marshall Plan's funds: The case of Pennie Wool ... more The finance of a «bandit-stricken" industry with Marshall Plan's funds: The case of Pennie Wool Spinning Mills, Lanaras Bros SA.
The subject of the master's thesis is the study of the applications, the disbursements and the payments of one of the Marshall's Plan funding in Greece, the loans of the Pennie Wool spinning mills -Chr. Lanaras Bros SA. The company was part of the so called «bandit-stricken» industries which had been destroyed by the Communist Democratic Army during the Greek Civil War. The basic subjects of the Thesis are how the resources allocated through public credit institutions were used, and what were the effects of an active State interference on the allocation of these resources. The main sources of the study were the Piraeus Bank Cultural and Financial Institutions' Historical Archive, and the balance sheets from the Greek National Printing House, along with the Historical Archive of National Bank of Greece and the Contemporary Press. Initially, there is a reference to the tradition of the textile industry in the city of Naousa, as the place of the establishment of the studied company, then there is a reference to the Lanaras family which was its main shareholder, and finally to the economic course of the company until the destruction of the factory by the Democratic Army in January 1949. Then there is an analysis of the function and the institutional framework of the postwar public credit institutions, the Central Committee of Loans and the Organization for Financing Economic Development, and there is a description of the political and economic climate of the era with a distinct reference to the textile sector. In the main part of the study, the funding period (1949-1964) is divided into two sub periods. The course of the finance and the financial situation of the company for the studied period are being discussed in parallel chapters. Finally, a brief reference is made to the subsidiaries and the joint ventures of the company. Our survey indicates that the government intervention in the financial sector through public credit institutions did not meet the high expectations of the post war period. Their unsatisfactory function allowed the company's shareholders to use public funding resources to the detriment of its real objectives, in order to create, in a short period of time, a new textile group of companies.
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Small Town Resilience and Heritage Commodification, editors Luďa Klusáková & Bianca del Espino Hidalgo , 2021
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Drafts by Nikolaos Leonidakis
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Conference Presentations by Nikolaos Leonidakis
Aikaterini S. Markou- Meglena Zlatkova (editors) Post Urbanities, Cultural Reconsiderations and Tourism in the Balkans, 2020
Naoussa was called the “Manchester of Balkans” because of the chimneys which dominated its skylin... more Naoussa was called the “Manchester of Balkans” because of the chimneys which dominated its skyline. The first cotton spinning mill plant in Naoussa was founded in 1875, and its textile industry was important not only for the town itself but also for the regional and national Greek economy. The economic crisis of 1929 and the Greek Civil War affected heavily the local industry, but despite the destruction of their facilities because of the latter, some local industries, were able to adapt to the post-war economic restructuring process, and to continue their operations until the beginning of the 21st century, unlike other provincional industrial centers of Greece. This short paper attempts to picture some aspects of the textile industry revitalization and decline in Naoussa, in the second half of 20th century and the early 2000’s. The changes that marked the globalized economy, combined with the exceptionality of the Greek Economy, contributed to the final decline of the textile sector, the closure of almost all factories in the area, and the town’s anguished efforts for a diversified economy in a new post-industrial era.
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Άγγελος Α. Παληκίδης (επιμ.) Πρακτικά 1ου Επιστημονικού Συνεδρίου «Ο καπνός στην ιστορία: οικονομικές, κοινωνικές και πολιτισμικές προσεγγίσεις» Καβάλα, 7-9 Δεκεμβρίου 2018, 2020
After World War II, due to the destabilization of the Greek financial system, and the dictates of... more After World War II, due to the destabilization of the Greek financial system, and the dictates of Greece’s external creditors, the Greek governments gradually acquired an increasingly interventionist role in the country’s economy, with the foundation of institutions like the Credit Committee. As Tobacco held a large share of Greek exports, the credit approval authorities were often occupied with its financing, and the needed funds were allocated by state-owned financial institutions, such as the Bank of Greece, or the Agricultural Bank of Greece.
This paper having as main sources the Credit Committee's archive and the relevant bibliography of the era, attempts to describe the procedures and conditions of postwar Tobacco’s corporate financing in the 1950s. Emphasis is placed on the differences between the Tobacco destined for export, and Tobacco produced for internal consumption. As there was no Greek state tobacco monopoly, the policies applied, as well as the loans’ terms and conditions, the allocated amounts, and the recipients of the funds were different for each category.
The paper also tries to highlight the bureaucratic financing process, and describes the influencing decision making factors, such as the Cooperative Union of Tobacco Producers (SEKE), the Tobacco Traders, the Autonomous Tobacco Agency, the various Ministries involved etc, which are differentiated in the post-war period. The policy of these factors accents the pursuance of different business strategies and the opposing interests in the Greek post-war Tobacco economic sector.
Considering the above, and in line with the general Greek post-war financing policy, an attempt is being made to draw conclusions on the effective functioning of this financing process, and whether it has contributed to the postwar promotion and improvement of the production, processing and trade of Greek Tobacco.
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Books by Nikolaos Leonidakis
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Papers by Nikolaos Leonidakis
The paper is based on the research project of "Moral Economy» at the Institute of Mediterranean Studies in Rethymno, concerning the implementation of business lockouts during the Greek Interwar and their perception in Greek society as a relatively new employers’ practice. Additionally, there was an attempt to examine whether the use of this powerful employers’ weapon, as a means of bending the workers’ reactions to the attempted deskilling of industrial work, and the loss of employees’ control of the workplace, were manifestations of the Greek Interwar’s working class moral economy, as some Greek scholars argued. The indexing of the relevant newspaper articles, from World War I until August 1936, were used as sources, as there were no official records of the labor disputes until 1951. The findings of the survey show that the Greek Interwar’s lockouts cannot be explained only as an employers’ reactions to the labor’s actions, as a significant number of them were implemented using the labor force as a weapon against Greek Government decisions. There was indeed an attempt by the labor unions and the communist Press to moralise lockouts, but eventually it did not bore fruits, as it did not achieved a wider social mobilisation against it. However it is argued that the study of the moral conflict between the managerial prerogative, and the employees’ attempts to control working time and productivity, combined with the Government’s role as intςermediary factor, is essential for a more accurate narrative of Greek Interwar’s Labor history.
The subject of the master's thesis is the study of the applications, the disbursements and the payments of one of the Marshall's Plan funding in Greece, the loans of the Pennie Wool spinning mills -Chr. Lanaras Bros SA. The company was part of the so called «bandit-stricken» industries which had been destroyed by the Communist Democratic Army during the Greek Civil War. The basic subjects of the Thesis are how the resources allocated through public credit institutions were used, and what were the effects of an active State interference on the allocation of these resources. The main sources of the study were the Piraeus Bank Cultural and Financial Institutions' Historical Archive, and the balance sheets from the Greek National Printing House, along with the Historical Archive of National Bank of Greece and the Contemporary Press. Initially, there is a reference to the tradition of the textile industry in the city of Naousa, as the place of the establishment of the studied company, then there is a reference to the Lanaras family which was its main shareholder, and finally to the economic course of the company until the destruction of the factory by the Democratic Army in January 1949. Then there is an analysis of the function and the institutional framework of the postwar public credit institutions, the Central Committee of Loans and the Organization for Financing Economic Development, and there is a description of the political and economic climate of the era with a distinct reference to the textile sector. In the main part of the study, the funding period (1949-1964) is divided into two sub periods. The course of the finance and the financial situation of the company for the studied period are being discussed in parallel chapters. Finally, a brief reference is made to the subsidiaries and the joint ventures of the company. Our survey indicates that the government intervention in the financial sector through public credit institutions did not meet the high expectations of the post war period. Their unsatisfactory function allowed the company's shareholders to use public funding resources to the detriment of its real objectives, in order to create, in a short period of time, a new textile group of companies.
Drafts by Nikolaos Leonidakis
Conference Presentations by Nikolaos Leonidakis
This paper having as main sources the Credit Committee's archive and the relevant bibliography of the era, attempts to describe the procedures and conditions of postwar Tobacco’s corporate financing in the 1950s. Emphasis is placed on the differences between the Tobacco destined for export, and Tobacco produced for internal consumption. As there was no Greek state tobacco monopoly, the policies applied, as well as the loans’ terms and conditions, the allocated amounts, and the recipients of the funds were different for each category.
The paper also tries to highlight the bureaucratic financing process, and describes the influencing decision making factors, such as the Cooperative Union of Tobacco Producers (SEKE), the Tobacco Traders, the Autonomous Tobacco Agency, the various Ministries involved etc, which are differentiated in the post-war period. The policy of these factors accents the pursuance of different business strategies and the opposing interests in the Greek post-war Tobacco economic sector.
Considering the above, and in line with the general Greek post-war financing policy, an attempt is being made to draw conclusions on the effective functioning of this financing process, and whether it has contributed to the postwar promotion and improvement of the production, processing and trade of Greek Tobacco.
Books by Nikolaos Leonidakis
The paper is based on the research project of "Moral Economy» at the Institute of Mediterranean Studies in Rethymno, concerning the implementation of business lockouts during the Greek Interwar and their perception in Greek society as a relatively new employers’ practice. Additionally, there was an attempt to examine whether the use of this powerful employers’ weapon, as a means of bending the workers’ reactions to the attempted deskilling of industrial work, and the loss of employees’ control of the workplace, were manifestations of the Greek Interwar’s working class moral economy, as some Greek scholars argued. The indexing of the relevant newspaper articles, from World War I until August 1936, were used as sources, as there were no official records of the labor disputes until 1951. The findings of the survey show that the Greek Interwar’s lockouts cannot be explained only as an employers’ reactions to the labor’s actions, as a significant number of them were implemented using the labor force as a weapon against Greek Government decisions. There was indeed an attempt by the labor unions and the communist Press to moralise lockouts, but eventually it did not bore fruits, as it did not achieved a wider social mobilisation against it. However it is argued that the study of the moral conflict between the managerial prerogative, and the employees’ attempts to control working time and productivity, combined with the Government’s role as intςermediary factor, is essential for a more accurate narrative of Greek Interwar’s Labor history.
The subject of the master's thesis is the study of the applications, the disbursements and the payments of one of the Marshall's Plan funding in Greece, the loans of the Pennie Wool spinning mills -Chr. Lanaras Bros SA. The company was part of the so called «bandit-stricken» industries which had been destroyed by the Communist Democratic Army during the Greek Civil War. The basic subjects of the Thesis are how the resources allocated through public credit institutions were used, and what were the effects of an active State interference on the allocation of these resources. The main sources of the study were the Piraeus Bank Cultural and Financial Institutions' Historical Archive, and the balance sheets from the Greek National Printing House, along with the Historical Archive of National Bank of Greece and the Contemporary Press. Initially, there is a reference to the tradition of the textile industry in the city of Naousa, as the place of the establishment of the studied company, then there is a reference to the Lanaras family which was its main shareholder, and finally to the economic course of the company until the destruction of the factory by the Democratic Army in January 1949. Then there is an analysis of the function and the institutional framework of the postwar public credit institutions, the Central Committee of Loans and the Organization for Financing Economic Development, and there is a description of the political and economic climate of the era with a distinct reference to the textile sector. In the main part of the study, the funding period (1949-1964) is divided into two sub periods. The course of the finance and the financial situation of the company for the studied period are being discussed in parallel chapters. Finally, a brief reference is made to the subsidiaries and the joint ventures of the company. Our survey indicates that the government intervention in the financial sector through public credit institutions did not meet the high expectations of the post war period. Their unsatisfactory function allowed the company's shareholders to use public funding resources to the detriment of its real objectives, in order to create, in a short period of time, a new textile group of companies.
This paper having as main sources the Credit Committee's archive and the relevant bibliography of the era, attempts to describe the procedures and conditions of postwar Tobacco’s corporate financing in the 1950s. Emphasis is placed on the differences between the Tobacco destined for export, and Tobacco produced for internal consumption. As there was no Greek state tobacco monopoly, the policies applied, as well as the loans’ terms and conditions, the allocated amounts, and the recipients of the funds were different for each category.
The paper also tries to highlight the bureaucratic financing process, and describes the influencing decision making factors, such as the Cooperative Union of Tobacco Producers (SEKE), the Tobacco Traders, the Autonomous Tobacco Agency, the various Ministries involved etc, which are differentiated in the post-war period. The policy of these factors accents the pursuance of different business strategies and the opposing interests in the Greek post-war Tobacco economic sector.
Considering the above, and in line with the general Greek post-war financing policy, an attempt is being made to draw conclusions on the effective functioning of this financing process, and whether it has contributed to the postwar promotion and improvement of the production, processing and trade of Greek Tobacco.