Papers by Muniappan Ayyanar
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Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2021
Abstract Plant‐derived bioactive molecules display potential antiviral activity against various v... more Abstract Plant‐derived bioactive molecules display potential antiviral activity against various viral targets including mode of viral entry and its replication in host cells. Considering the challenges and search for antiviral agents, this review provides substantiated data on chemical constituents of edible fruits with promising antiviral activity. The bioactive constituents like naringenin, mangiferin, α‐mangostin, geraniin, punicalagin, and lectins of edible fruits exhibit antiviral effect by inhibiting viral replication against IFV, DENV, polio, CHIKV, Zika, HIV, HSV, HBV, HCV, and SARS‐CoV. The significance of edible fruit phytochemicals to block the virulence of various deadly viruses through their inhibitory action against the entry and replication of viral genetic makeup and proteins are discussed. In view of the antiviral property of active constituents of edible fruits which can strengthen the immune system and reduce oxidative stress, they are suggested to be diet supplements to combat various viral diseases including COVID‐19. Practical applications Considering the increasing threat of COVID‐19, it is suggested to examine the therapeutic efficacy of existing antiviral molecules of edible fruits which may provide prophylactic and adjuvant therapy with their potential antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immune‐modulatory effects. Several active molecules like geraniin, naringenin, (2R,4R)‐1,2,4‐trihydroxyheptadec‐16‐one, betacyanins, mangiferin, punicalagin, isomangiferin, procyanidin B2, quercetin, marmelide, jacalin lectin, banana lectin, and α‐mangostin isolated from various edible fruits have showed promising antiviral properties against different pathogenic viruses. Especially flavonoid compounds extracted from edible fruits possess potential antiviral activity against a wide array of viruses like HIV‐1, HSV‐1 and 2, HCV, INF, dengue, yellow fever, NSV, and Zika virus infection. Hence taking such fruits or edible fruits and their constituents/compounds as dietary supplements could deliver adequate plasma levels in the body to optimize the cell and tissue levels and could lead to possible benefits for the preventive measures for this pandemic COVID‐19 situation.
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Additional file 1. Results of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of E. ramosissimum stem extra... more Additional file 1. Results of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of E. ramosissimum stem extracts.
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Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention due to their biocompa... more Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness and being a novel method has an eco-friendly approach. Biological activity of root extracts as well as synthesized silver nanoparticles of Catharanthus roseus were evaluated against larvae of Aedes aegyptiand Culex quinquefasciatus. The structure and proportion of the synthesized nanoparticles was defined by exploitation ultraviolet spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. Reduction of silver ions occurred when silver nitrate solution was treated with aqueous root extract at 60°C. Synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were confirmed by analyzing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using UV-vis spectrophotometer at 423 nm. FTIR showed aliphatic amines and alkanes corresponding peaks to be presence of responsible co...
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Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
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Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
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Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Background Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (E. ramosissimum) is a widely used traditional medicinal ... more Background Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (E. ramosissimum) is a widely used traditional medicinal plant to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) by ethnic people throughout the world. The utility of the plant in treating urinary-related disorders was evaluated against selected pathogenic bacteria which has major role in causing UTIs. Hence, the present study executed to extract phytochemicals like total phenolics and flavonoids, chemical profiling by GC–MS analysis and to test their antioxidant activity from stem extracts of E. ramosissimum. The extraction process was directed by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous solvents. Results The GC–MS analysis yielded 24 phytoconstituents with linoleic acid, palmitic acid, nonacosane, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, and octacosane as major compounds. Methanolic extract yielded maximum amount of phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) with 600.02 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g and 631.38 ± 0.69 mg QE/g, respectively. Methanolic extract ...
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Journal of Herbal Medicine
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Journal of Food Biochemistry
Abstract Plant‐derived bioactive molecules display potential antiviral activity against various v... more Abstract Plant‐derived bioactive molecules display potential antiviral activity against various viral targets including mode of viral entry and its replication in host cells. Considering the challenges and search for antiviral agents, this review provides substantiated data on chemical constituents of edible fruits with promising antiviral activity. The bioactive constituents like naringenin, mangiferin, α‐mangostin, geraniin, punicalagin, and lectins of edible fruits exhibit antiviral effect by inhibiting viral replication against IFV, DENV, polio, CHIKV, Zika, HIV, HSV, HBV, HCV, and SARS‐CoV. The significance of edible fruit phytochemicals to block the virulence of various deadly viruses through their inhibitory action against the entry and replication of viral genetic makeup and proteins are discussed. In view of the antiviral property of active constituents of edible fruits which can strengthen the immune system and reduce oxidative stress, they are suggested to be diet supplements to combat various viral diseases including COVID‐19. Practical applications Considering the increasing threat of COVID‐19, it is suggested to examine the therapeutic efficacy of existing antiviral molecules of edible fruits which may provide prophylactic and adjuvant therapy with their potential antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immune‐modulatory effects. Several active molecules like geraniin, naringenin, (2R,4R)‐1,2,4‐trihydroxyheptadec‐16‐one, betacyanins, mangiferin, punicalagin, isomangiferin, procyanidin B2, quercetin, marmelide, jacalin lectin, banana lectin, and α‐mangostin isolated from various edible fruits have showed promising antiviral properties against different pathogenic viruses. Especially flavonoid compounds extracted from edible fruits possess potential antiviral activity against a wide array of viruses like HIV‐1, HSV‐1 and 2, HCV, INF, dengue, yellow fever, NSV, and Zika virus infection. Hence taking such fruits or edible fruits and their constituents/compounds as dietary supplements could deliver adequate plasma levels in the body to optimize the cell and tissue levels and could lead to possible benefits for the preventive measures for this pandemic COVID‐19 situation.
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Informatics in Medicine Unlocked
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Molecular Diversity
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Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
Tree bean, Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr. (Fabaceae) is an underutilized nutritious leguminous tree... more Tree bean, Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr. (Fabaceae) is an underutilized nutritious leguminous tree found in North-eastern states of India and other Southeast Asian countries. Ethnobotanically, tree bean has much importance among the ethnic groups in various states of Northeast India. Decoctions of bark, fruit and leaf parts are used to treat various diseases. Right from flowers and tender pods to mature seeds of this plant are edible, provide a good source of nutrients and fetch high market price during particular seasons. Cultivation of this tree will not compete with other legumes in an existing field and it could be a supplementary source of vegetable proteins if properly exploited. Anti-nutritional factors, total free phenols, tannins and lectins can be eliminated if the seeds are properly processed by heating or cooking since these factors are heat-labile. Only a few researchers worked on phyto-constituents of the plant with lacuna in nutritional studies and pharmacological activities. The plant has been reported to possess antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory properties, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiproliferative and insecticidal activities. Though it has much importance in commercial purposes, research and knowledge on this wonder plant is meagre and its utilization for human consumption has not yet been fully exploited. The present review is aimed to provide a botanical description and highlights ethnobotanical uses, nutritional value and biological activities along with its toxicity and future prospects.
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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
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Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the withanolides as an immune system booster and anti... more Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the withanolides as an immune system booster and anti-viral agents against the coronavirus.Materials and Methods: Reported withanolides from Withinana somnifera were retrieved from the open-source database i.e. ChEBI, PCIDB and Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Their protein-based targets were predicted using DigepPred and the protein-protein interaction was evaluated using STRING. Similarly, the drug-likeness score of individual compounds was predicted using MolSoft and intestinal absorptivity was predicted using the boiled-egg model. The network among the compounds, proteins, and modulated pathways was constructed using Cytoscape and the docking was performed using autodock4.0.Results: Withanoloid Q was predicted to modulate the highest number of proteins, showed positive human intestinal absorption and had the highest druglikeness score. Similarly, combined network interaction identified withanolide Q to target ...
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Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
Abstract Species richness is an important measure of community and regional diversity, and studyi... more Abstract Species richness is an important measure of community and regional diversity, and studying species diversity along elevation gradients is vital to understand population ecology and environment. Pteridophytes are unique groups of vascular plants and are not given much attention toward their diversity along elevation gradients. Hence, we made an effort to study the species richness of pteridophytes along elevation gradients in Kolli Hills, one of the underexplored forests of the Eastern Ghats in India. Elevation gradients were divided into 13 elevation zones, and relationship between species richness and elevation were summarized to linear regression as indicated by correlation coefficients and significance. A total of 98 species of pteridophytes belonging to 58 genera and 32 families were recorded in our study with a maximum number of 29 species in the 1301-m to 1400-m elevation. Correlation between the family, the genus, and species richness with elevation was positively significant. The majority of the recorded species showed terrestrial habitats, and patterns of species richness with life forms exhibited a humped distribution. Species richness on scrub and semievergreen forests with elevation showed humped distribution, whereas deciduous and evergreen forests showed monotonic distribution. Correlation between species richness and elevation was positively significant in scrub forests and nonsignificant in other vegetation types. The correlation of species richness with temperature was monotonic, with rainfall and relative humidity showing a humped pattern of distribution. The high diversity of pteridophyte species in Kolli Hills is due to its richness in various habitats resulting from an extended altitudinal range and a healthy evergreen forest with a constant increase in rainfall in higher elevations. Apart from climate, vegetation, and life form analysis attempted in our study for species richness along the elevation gradients, much attention should be given toward the role of other environmental gradients, which can help us address various ecological questions.
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European Journal of Integrative Medicine
Abstract Introduction Traditional medicine plays an important role in the primary healthcare of p... more Abstract Introduction Traditional medicine plays an important role in the primary healthcare of people residing in forest areas and selling raw herbal products provides livelihood opportunities. In view of this, an extensive survey was undertaken among local people and herbalists in Sathyamangalam forests of Western Ghats, India in order to conduct a quantitative analysis of traditional knowledge about herbal medicines practiced along with their market potential. Methods Data associated with the information collected from ethnic people were analysed using the frequency of citations. During the survey period, 45 informants were identified who had much knowledge on practicing herbal medicines. Results A total of 78 plants representing 41 families and 68 genera were recorded to treat 40 types of ailments. Of these 64 species were sold by traders, local people and herbalists in herbal markets. Also 71 species of documented plants were included in the list of traded Indian plants. Conclusion Our study exhibited the importance of plant sources to human welfare which can serve as a key for discovery of potential new drugs. Through the results of our explorative field survey and previous reports, Andrographis alata, Aristolochia bracteolata, Aristolochia tagala, Bulbophylum fuscopurpureum, Canarium strictum, Cinnamomum tamala, Curculigo orchioides, Ipomoea obscura, Mucuna pruriens, Pandanus odoardii and Tylophora asthmatica were investigated pharmacologically, as these plants were frequently used by studied ethnic people. So we suggest that there is a need for more future scientific research on these plants to determine their efficacy and safety based on their associated ethnomedicinal uses documented in the present study.
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Journal of ethnopharmacology, Jan 12, 2018
Pteridophytes have been considered an excellent source of medicine since ancient times and remain... more Pteridophytes have been considered an excellent source of medicine since ancient times and remain underexplored in ethnobotanical aspects when compared to other vascular plants. Hence, an attempt has been made to compile medicinally important pteridophytes used by different ethnic minorities and local people in India. Relevant information on the uses of pteridophytes was extracted from scientific journals (local, regional, and international), books, book chapters, conference proceedings, M.Sc. and Ph.D. dissertations, and other scientific databases. Recent and accepted names of plants were validated using standard nomenclature databases. In total, 283 species of pteridophytes are enumerated in this review which are used to treat 129 ailments. Ethnobotanical records from the states Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand revealed 59% of overall uses of pteridophytes from India. Pteridaceae was recorded with highest number of medicinally important species...
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Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, Jan 14, 2018
Ethnobotanical studies are recognized as effective methods of finding locally important plants fo... more Ethnobotanical studies are recognized as effective methods of finding locally important plants for discovery of crude drugs. Siddha medicinal system is prevailed in south Indian states principally in Tamil Nadu and gaining recognition as alternative medicine among the indigenous communities for their primary healthcare needs. The study was aimed to explore and document folk medicinal plant knowledge among the local people in Puliyankudi village of Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu, India. An ethnobotanical study was carried out during February 2016 to January 2017 among the local people in study area. Traditional healers, traders, local vendors and local people who are practicing herbal medicines were approached for documentation of folk medicinal uses. Acquired results were further analyzed with descriptive statistical methods such as use value (UV) and informant consensus factor (ICF). During the survey, a total 116 plant species from 49 families and 103 genera were recorded to trea...
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European Journal of Integrative Medicine
Abstract Introduction Medicinal plants have been used to treat various ailments since ancient tim... more Abstract Introduction Medicinal plants have been used to treat various ailments since ancient times, as a result ethnobotanical investigations have a major role in pharmacological studies. The present study was conducted among the ethnic population known as the ‘Adiyans’, located in one of the little explored rich biodiversity areas in the Western Ghats. The aim was to collect and document information on the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants. Methods The field survey was carried out during August 2015 to July 2016 among the Adiyan people in Chandanatodu, Thavihal and Thirunelly villages of the Wayanad district located in Kerala, India. Ethnomedicinal information was obtained through interviews/discussions and the collected data were analyzed using the informant consensus factor (F ic ). Results Folk medicines practiced by indigenous people in the study area are used for their primary healthcare needs. The data gathered exemplified the knowledge of people using folk medicinal practices. Most of the documented claims used by Adiyans in the present study have not been shown in previous research in the nearby regions of Kerala, India and across the globe. Conclusion Finding further evidence for medicinal claims used by the indigenous community in this study highlights the need for scientific research to support documented folk use. Of the documented ethnomedicinal plants, Caesalpinia mimosoides , Desmodium triflorum , Elaeocarpus tuberculatus, E. serratus, Hydnocarpus macrocarpa , Pterospermum reticulatum , P. rubiginosum and Zizyphus nummularia have been poorly studied in vitro and in vivo models. It is important to validate their usage in terms of pharmacological activity.
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Check List, 2016
We provide a checklist of Angiosperms along with the details of life form from a ~ 9.6 ha of non-... more We provide a checklist of Angiosperms along with the details of life form from a ~ 9.6 ha of non-concreted area of Pachaiyappa’s College (PC) campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu state, India. This area harbors 256 species belonging to 212 genera in 71 families. Families with maximum number of species include Fabaceae (31 species) followed by Malvaceae (15), Euphorbiaceae (13), Apocynaceae (12), Acanthaceae and Poaceae (11 each), Bignoniaceae and Rubiaceae (eight each) and Arecaceae, Moraceae, Rutaceae and Verbenaceae (seven each). The surveyed area represents a remnant of tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF), as a substantial number of species collected in the present study belong exclusively to the Coromandel Coast (CC) TDEFs. PC is still preserving the biodiversity by means of strict rules and regulations enforced for the maintenance of the college premises.
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Papers by Muniappan Ayyanar