Papers by Marlin F Hawley
WisArch News, 2024
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SAA Archaeological Record, 2024
n archaeological and personal partnership that spanned 65 years ended on May 30, 2023, with the d... more n archaeological and personal partnership that spanned 65 years ended on May 30, 2023, with the death of Carol Irwin Mason following surgery. Her husband and collaborator, Ronald J. Mason, died 14 weeks later, on September 6, 2023. This scholarly duo made a lasting impression on North American archaeology, and particularly in the Midwest, clarifying regional culture-histories and artifact typologies, exploring theoretical considerations related to cultural continuity and change, and mentoring countless students and avocational archaeologists along the way. Carol Ann Irwin was born in Chicago in 1934 and raised in Jacksonville, Florida. She writes of her student days at Florida State University (FSU) in her entertaining essay "This Ain't the English Department," published in Grit-Tempered: Early Women Archaeologists in the Southeastern United States (Mason 1999). Carol came to FSU determined to become an archaeologist and bent her formidable intellect and observational talents to the process, mentored by Hale G. Smith and especially Charles H. Fairbanks. She was graduated cum laude in 1956. Fairbanks (1982) described Carol as "probably. .. intellectually superior to any student I've ever had." Carol was an NSF Fellow at the University of Michigan from 1956 to 1958. She received her MA in anthropology in 1957 and met Ron, her future husband, in Leslie White's history of anthropology class.
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The Kansas Anthropologist, 2023
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WisArch News, 2023
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Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2020
Fragments of a charred wooden bowl were recovered from Aztalan during excavations by the State Hi... more Fragments of a charred wooden bowl were recovered from Aztalan during excavations by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin (SHSW) in 1964. Recent advances in analytical methods facilitated a multidimensional study of these fragments. Radiocarbon-dated to cal AD 994-1154 and found in association with Late Woodland, Mississippian, and hybrid forms of ceramics, the bowl augments our understanding of perishable technologies in these cultural contexts. 3-D models of the fragments allow for a virtual reconstruction of a portion of the bowl, which was carved from a solid piece of ash. Strontium isotope analysis of the wood indicates that the bowl was manufactured from wood locally available to the people at Aztalan.
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Bulletin of the Texas Archaeological Society, 2021
Inspired by the impending Centennial Exposition to be held in Philadelphia in 1876, in August 187... more Inspired by the impending Centennial Exposition to be held in Philadelphia in 1876, in August 1875 a group of Austin, Texas, men formed the Austin Archaeological Society. The purpose of the society was to gather artifacts representative of Texas for exhibition at the fair. Historical research also indicates that the society had ties (in the person of newspaper editor, writer, and Mound Builder theorist, Louis J. Dupre) to an archeological society formed in Memphis, Tennessee, in November 1874 and to the first iteration of the American Anthropological Association that organized during the Philadelphia exposition. To the extent possible due to the incomplete nature of the historical record, this article explores the formation, membership, and activities of these societies in the American Postbellum period. to agree with Bender's (1976:63) assertion that, "We know much less than we ought to about the countless local scientific and 'literary' societies that played an important if as yet unspecified role in the diffusion of scientific ideas." Substitute "archeology" for "scientific" or "literary" and the observation loses none of its weight. By the post-Civil War era there appears, in fact, to have been a rapid proliferation of archeological societies, which in the words of historian Daniel Goldstein (2008:52) (who, however, was speaking to scientific societies in general and not specifically of archeological societies): However long they lasted, however much or little they accomplished, these societies were all intended to serve as centers for scientific activity within a specific geographical area, an orientation that distinguished them equally from national societies … and from the numerous professional, discipline-based associations that were founded late in the nineteenth century. Once again, substitute "archeological" for "scientific" and the sentiment again would seem to hold true. Even more so than many of their scientific or historical kin, archeological societies in the United States in the latter nineteenth century are woefully under-historicized and generally poorly understood, with a few exceptions (i.e., Barnhardt 1998).
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Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2020
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Illinois Archaeology, 2018
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The Wisconsin Archeologist, 2004
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The Wisconsin Archeologist, 2017
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The Wisconsin Archeologist, 2017
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SAA Archaeological Record, 2017
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North American Archaeologist, 2017
The impact of the New Deal has been a topic of ongoing historical investigation, with, in the pas... more The impact of the New Deal has been a topic of ongoing historical investigation, with, in the past few decades, substantive research in New Deal relief programs on Americanist archaeology by disciplinary historians. The application of resources newly available through relief programs varied considerably geographically however, and this article uses Kansas as a case study of a state in which there was no federal
New Deal archaeology. The article explores archaeological research conducted in the state during this era by the Smithsonian Institution as well as an attempt to secure funding for systematic investigations by the University of Kansas. The article highlights several factors that forestalled use of relief funding for archaeology.
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Current Research in the Pleistocene, 2011
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The Nye site, discovered in 1934 and introduced to the
scientific community in 1935, offers a sid... more The Nye site, discovered in 1934 and introduced to the
scientific community in 1935, offers a sidelong view of how
a post-Folsom Early Man investigation played out beyond
the Great Plains in a mound-centric intellectual context.
Here, prominent cultural anthropologist-turned-archaeologist
Albert Ernest Jenks at the University of Minnesota
almost singlehandedly fronted Early Man studies in the region.
Prompted and sustained by an astounding streak of
good fortune, Jenks embraced multidisciplinary studies of
sites between 1931 and his retirement in 1938. At Nye, extinct
bison remains and purported artifacts were recovered
from peat by a dragline excavator used to haul the underlying
marl to the surface. Failure to prepare a final (and
timely) report muzzled the site in subsequent Early Man
discussions. Study of the extant bison remains, including
radiocarbon measurement and stable isotope analysis, indicate
northwestern Wisconsin supported resident bison during
the early and middle Holocene.
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Papers by Marlin F Hawley
New Deal archaeology. The article explores archaeological research conducted in the state during this era by the Smithsonian Institution as well as an attempt to secure funding for systematic investigations by the University of Kansas. The article highlights several factors that forestalled use of relief funding for archaeology.
scientific community in 1935, offers a sidelong view of how
a post-Folsom Early Man investigation played out beyond
the Great Plains in a mound-centric intellectual context.
Here, prominent cultural anthropologist-turned-archaeologist
Albert Ernest Jenks at the University of Minnesota
almost singlehandedly fronted Early Man studies in the region.
Prompted and sustained by an astounding streak of
good fortune, Jenks embraced multidisciplinary studies of
sites between 1931 and his retirement in 1938. At Nye, extinct
bison remains and purported artifacts were recovered
from peat by a dragline excavator used to haul the underlying
marl to the surface. Failure to prepare a final (and
timely) report muzzled the site in subsequent Early Man
discussions. Study of the extant bison remains, including
radiocarbon measurement and stable isotope analysis, indicate
northwestern Wisconsin supported resident bison during
the early and middle Holocene.
New Deal archaeology. The article explores archaeological research conducted in the state during this era by the Smithsonian Institution as well as an attempt to secure funding for systematic investigations by the University of Kansas. The article highlights several factors that forestalled use of relief funding for archaeology.
scientific community in 1935, offers a sidelong view of how
a post-Folsom Early Man investigation played out beyond
the Great Plains in a mound-centric intellectual context.
Here, prominent cultural anthropologist-turned-archaeologist
Albert Ernest Jenks at the University of Minnesota
almost singlehandedly fronted Early Man studies in the region.
Prompted and sustained by an astounding streak of
good fortune, Jenks embraced multidisciplinary studies of
sites between 1931 and his retirement in 1938. At Nye, extinct
bison remains and purported artifacts were recovered
from peat by a dragline excavator used to haul the underlying
marl to the surface. Failure to prepare a final (and
timely) report muzzled the site in subsequent Early Man
discussions. Study of the extant bison remains, including
radiocarbon measurement and stable isotope analysis, indicate
northwestern Wisconsin supported resident bison during
the early and middle Holocene.