Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers - CF '15, 2015
ABSTRACT Forwarding packets is part of the performance critical path of routing devices, and affe... more ABSTRACT Forwarding packets is part of the performance critical path of routing devices, and affects the network performance at any scale. This operation is typically performed by dedicated routing boxes, which are fast, but expensive and inflexible. Recent work has shown that in many cases commodity hardware is becoming an alternative to these specialized boxes. In this work, we present a new technique - based on bitslicing - to improve the performance of forward decision-making on modern commodity hardware. Specifically, we propose to replace memory lookups with logical operations, by evaluating the packet header information as a Boolean circuit. Being less memory-intensive, our algorithm has the potential to achieve high performance on both modern CPUs and GPUs. To measure and qulify the performance of our algorithm, we implemented it in OpenCL and performed a large set of experiments on 5 different platforms - two CPUs and three GPUs. Our results show that bitslicing has the ability to outperform the traditional, memory lookup approach in 70% of the cases, depending on the type of traffic and routing parameters.
2014 IEEE 11th Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), 2014
ABSTRACT Storing data in the cloud is becoming a common trend, for both end-customers and data ce... more ABSTRACT Storing data in the cloud is becoming a common trend, for both end-customers and data center operators. We propose a method for deciding where to host data storage tasks under the constraint of minimal greenhouse gas emission. The decision on whether to store data locally or store it remotely at a cleaner data center relies on the models for the local and remote data centers and the network connecting them. We conclude that the transport network that connects a local node and a "cleaner" remote data center plays a significant role in the decision of where to store data, and that the frequency of access of the data is an important and related factor.
2013 IEEE 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, 2013
ABSTRACT Cloud computing enables on-demand access to a shared pool of IT resources. In the case o... more ABSTRACT Cloud computing enables on-demand access to a shared pool of IT resources. In the case of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), the cloud user typically acquires Virtual Machines (VMs) from the provider. It is up to the user to decide at what time and for how long they want to use these VMs. Because of the pay-per-use nature of most clouds, there is a strong incentive to use as few resources as possible and release them quickly when they are no longer needed. Every step of the deployment process, i.e., acquiring VMs, creating network links, and installing, configuring and starting software components on them, should therefore be as fast as possible. The amount of time the deployment process takes can be influenced by the user by performing some steps in parallel or using timing knowledge of previous deployments. This paper presents four different strategies for deploying applications on cloud computing infrastructures. Performance measurements of application deployments on three public IaaS clouds are used to show the speed differences between these strategies.
2013 IEEE 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, 2013
ABSTRACT Cyber physical systems, such as intelligent dikes and smart energy systems, require scal... more ABSTRACT Cyber physical systems, such as intelligent dikes and smart energy systems, require scalable and flexible computing infrastructures to process data from instruments and sensor networks. Infrastructure as a Service clouds provide a flexible way to allocate remote distributed resources, but lack mechanisms to dynamically configure software (dependencies) and manage application execution. This paper describes the design and implementation of the Intercloud Operating System (ICOS), which acts between applications and distributed clouds, i.e., the Intercloud. ICOS schedules, configures, and executes applications in the Intercloud while taking data dependencies, budgets, and deadlines into account. Based on our experiences with the prototype, we present considerations and additional research challenges. The research on ICOS clarifies essential concepts needed to realize a flexible and scalable on-demand execution platform for distributed applications over distributed cloud providers.
2013 Eleventh Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust, 2013
ABSTRACT XACML policy evaluation efficiency is an important factor influencing the overall system... more ABSTRACT XACML policy evaluation efficiency is an important factor influencing the overall system performance, especially when the number of policies grows. Some existing approaches on high performance XACML policy evaluation can support simple policies with equality comparisons and handle requests with well defined conditions. Such mechanisms do not provide the semantic correctness of combining algorithms in cases with indeterminate and not-applicable states. They ignore the critical attribute setting, a mandatory property in XACML, leading to potential missing attribute attacks. In this paper, we present a solution using data interval partition aggregation together with new decision diagram combinations, that not only optimizes the performance but also provides correctness and completeness of XACML 3.0 features, including complex logical expressions, correctness in indeterminate states processing, critical attribute setting, obligations and advices as well as complex comparison functions for multiple data types.
ABSTRACT We introduce the concept of Internet Factories. Internet factories structure the task of... more ABSTRACT We introduce the concept of Internet Factories. Internet factories structure the task of creating and managing application-specific overlay networks using infrastructure-as-a-service clouds. We describe the Internet Factory architecture and report on a proof of concept with three examples that progressively illustrate its working. In one of these examples, we demonstrate the creation of a 163-node IPv6 network over 18 cloud locations around the world. Internet factories include the use of libraries that capture years of experience and knowledge in network and systems engineering. Consequently, Internet factories solve the problem of creating and managing on-demand application-specific overlay networks without exposing all their intricacies to the application developer.
Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers - CF '15, 2015
ABSTRACT Forwarding packets is part of the performance critical path of routing devices, and affe... more ABSTRACT Forwarding packets is part of the performance critical path of routing devices, and affects the network performance at any scale. This operation is typically performed by dedicated routing boxes, which are fast, but expensive and inflexible. Recent work has shown that in many cases commodity hardware is becoming an alternative to these specialized boxes. In this work, we present a new technique - based on bitslicing - to improve the performance of forward decision-making on modern commodity hardware. Specifically, we propose to replace memory lookups with logical operations, by evaluating the packet header information as a Boolean circuit. Being less memory-intensive, our algorithm has the potential to achieve high performance on both modern CPUs and GPUs. To measure and qulify the performance of our algorithm, we implemented it in OpenCL and performed a large set of experiments on 5 different platforms - two CPUs and three GPUs. Our results show that bitslicing has the ability to outperform the traditional, memory lookup approach in 70% of the cases, depending on the type of traffic and routing parameters.
2014 IEEE 11th Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), 2014
ABSTRACT Storing data in the cloud is becoming a common trend, for both end-customers and data ce... more ABSTRACT Storing data in the cloud is becoming a common trend, for both end-customers and data center operators. We propose a method for deciding where to host data storage tasks under the constraint of minimal greenhouse gas emission. The decision on whether to store data locally or store it remotely at a cleaner data center relies on the models for the local and remote data centers and the network connecting them. We conclude that the transport network that connects a local node and a "cleaner" remote data center plays a significant role in the decision of where to store data, and that the frequency of access of the data is an important and related factor.
2013 IEEE 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, 2013
ABSTRACT Cloud computing enables on-demand access to a shared pool of IT resources. In the case o... more ABSTRACT Cloud computing enables on-demand access to a shared pool of IT resources. In the case of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), the cloud user typically acquires Virtual Machines (VMs) from the provider. It is up to the user to decide at what time and for how long they want to use these VMs. Because of the pay-per-use nature of most clouds, there is a strong incentive to use as few resources as possible and release them quickly when they are no longer needed. Every step of the deployment process, i.e., acquiring VMs, creating network links, and installing, configuring and starting software components on them, should therefore be as fast as possible. The amount of time the deployment process takes can be influenced by the user by performing some steps in parallel or using timing knowledge of previous deployments. This paper presents four different strategies for deploying applications on cloud computing infrastructures. Performance measurements of application deployments on three public IaaS clouds are used to show the speed differences between these strategies.
2013 IEEE 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, 2013
ABSTRACT Cyber physical systems, such as intelligent dikes and smart energy systems, require scal... more ABSTRACT Cyber physical systems, such as intelligent dikes and smart energy systems, require scalable and flexible computing infrastructures to process data from instruments and sensor networks. Infrastructure as a Service clouds provide a flexible way to allocate remote distributed resources, but lack mechanisms to dynamically configure software (dependencies) and manage application execution. This paper describes the design and implementation of the Intercloud Operating System (ICOS), which acts between applications and distributed clouds, i.e., the Intercloud. ICOS schedules, configures, and executes applications in the Intercloud while taking data dependencies, budgets, and deadlines into account. Based on our experiences with the prototype, we present considerations and additional research challenges. The research on ICOS clarifies essential concepts needed to realize a flexible and scalable on-demand execution platform for distributed applications over distributed cloud providers.
2013 Eleventh Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust, 2013
ABSTRACT XACML policy evaluation efficiency is an important factor influencing the overall system... more ABSTRACT XACML policy evaluation efficiency is an important factor influencing the overall system performance, especially when the number of policies grows. Some existing approaches on high performance XACML policy evaluation can support simple policies with equality comparisons and handle requests with well defined conditions. Such mechanisms do not provide the semantic correctness of combining algorithms in cases with indeterminate and not-applicable states. They ignore the critical attribute setting, a mandatory property in XACML, leading to potential missing attribute attacks. In this paper, we present a solution using data interval partition aggregation together with new decision diagram combinations, that not only optimizes the performance but also provides correctness and completeness of XACML 3.0 features, including complex logical expressions, correctness in indeterminate states processing, critical attribute setting, obligations and advices as well as complex comparison functions for multiple data types.
ABSTRACT We introduce the concept of Internet Factories. Internet factories structure the task of... more ABSTRACT We introduce the concept of Internet Factories. Internet factories structure the task of creating and managing application-specific overlay networks using infrastructure-as-a-service clouds. We describe the Internet Factory architecture and report on a proof of concept with three examples that progressively illustrate its working. In one of these examples, we demonstrate the creation of a 163-node IPv6 network over 18 cloud locations around the world. Internet factories include the use of libraries that capture years of experience and knowledge in network and systems engineering. Consequently, Internet factories solve the problem of creating and managing on-demand application-specific overlay networks without exposing all their intricacies to the application developer.
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Papers by Marc Makkes