Sodium-ion batteries have recently attracted significant attention as an alternative to lithium-i... more Sodium-ion batteries have recently attracted significant attention as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries because sodium sources do not present the geopolitical issues that lithium sources might. Although recent reports on cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries have demonstrated performances comparable to their lithium-ion counterparts, the major scientific challenge for a competitive sodium-ion battery technology is to develop viable anode materials. Here we show that a hybrid material made out of a few phosphorene layers sandwiched between graphene layers shows a specific capacity of 2,440 mA h g(-1) (calculated using the mass of phosphorus only) at a current density of 0.05 A g(-1) and an 83% capacity retention after 100 cycles while operating between 0 and 1.5 V. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy and ex situ X-ray diffraction techniques, we explain the large capacity of our anode through a dual mechanism of intercalation of sodium ions along the x axis of the phosphorene layers followed by the formation of a Na3P alloy. The presence of graphene layers in the hybrid material works as a mechanical backbone and an electrical highway, ensuring that a suitable elastic buffer space accommodates the anisotropic expansion of phosphorene layers along the y and z axial directions for stable cycling operation.
[DE] Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur effizienten Gewinnung von Lithium aus Salzlösungen ... more [DE] Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur effizienten Gewinnung von Lithium aus Salzlösungen und eine hierfür geeignete Vorrichtung.[EN] Recovering lithium salts from salt solutions comprises: (A) immersing a lithium-intercalating positive electrode and an anion capturing electrode (negative electrode) in a lithium-containing salt solution, and adjusting a constant negative current to the positive electrode, where the lithium ion (Li +>) and anions of the lithium-containing salt solution are trapped in the electrode; (B) replacing the salt solution by a recovery solution; (C) reversing the direction of current relative to the step (A); and (D) replacing the recovery solution by fresh saline. Recovering lithium salts from salt solutions comprises: (A) immersing a lithium-intercalating positive electrode and an anion capturing electrode (negative electrode) in a lithium-containing salt solution, and adjusting a constant negative current to the positive electrode, where the lith...
Nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCFe) is an attractive cathode material in both aqueous and organic el... more Nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCFe) is an attractive cathode material in both aqueous and organic electrolytes due to a low-cost synthesis using earth-abundant precursors and also due to its open framework, Prussian blue-like crystal structure that enables ultra-long cycle life, high energy efficiency, and high power capability. Herein, we explored the effect of different alkali ions on the insertion electrochemistry of NiHCFe in aqueous and propylene carbonate-based electrolytes. The large channel diameter of the structure offers fast solid-state diffusion of Li(+), Na(+), and K(+) ions in aqueous electrolytes. However, all alkali ions in organic electrolytes and Rb(+) and Cs(+) in aqueous electrolytes show a quasi-reversible electrochemical behavior that results in poor galvanostatic cycling performance. Kinetic regimes in aqueous electrolyte were also determined, highlighting the effect of the size of the alkali ion on the electrochemical properties.
Potential applications of sodium-ion batteries in grid-scale energy storage, portable electronics... more Potential applications of sodium-ion batteries in grid-scale energy storage, portable electronics and electric vehicles have revitalized research interest in these batteries. However, the performance of sodium-ion electrode materials has not been competitive with that of lithium-ion electrode materials. Here we present sodium manganese hexacyanomanganate (Na2MnII[MnII(CN)6]), an open-framework crystal structure material, as a viable positive electrode for sodium-ion batteries. We demonstrate a high discharge capacity of 209 mAh g(-1) at C/5 (40 mA g(-1)) and excellent capacity retention at high rates in a propylene carbonate electrolyte. We provide chemical and structural evidence for the unprecedented storage of 50% more sodium cations than previously thought possible during electrochemical cycling. These results represent a step forward in the development of sodium-ion batteries.
Sodium-ion batteries have recently attracted significant attention as an alternative to lithium-i... more Sodium-ion batteries have recently attracted significant attention as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries because sodium sources do not present the geopolitical issues that lithium sources might. Although recent reports on cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries have demonstrated performances comparable to their lithium-ion counterparts, the major scientific challenge for a competitive sodium-ion battery technology is to develop viable anode materials. Here we show that a hybrid material made out of a few phosphorene layers sandwiched between graphene layers shows a specific capacity of 2,440 mA h g(-1) (calculated using the mass of phosphorus only) at a current density of 0.05 A g(-1) and an 83% capacity retention after 100 cycles while operating between 0 and 1.5 V. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy and ex situ X-ray diffraction techniques, we explain the large capacity of our anode through a dual mechanism of intercalation of sodium ions along the x axis of the phosphorene layers followed by the formation of a Na3P alloy. The presence of graphene layers in the hybrid material works as a mechanical backbone and an electrical highway, ensuring that a suitable elastic buffer space accommodates the anisotropic expansion of phosphorene layers along the y and z axial directions for stable cycling operation.
[DE] Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur effizienten Gewinnung von Lithium aus Salzlösungen ... more [DE] Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur effizienten Gewinnung von Lithium aus Salzlösungen und eine hierfür geeignete Vorrichtung.[EN] Recovering lithium salts from salt solutions comprises: (A) immersing a lithium-intercalating positive electrode and an anion capturing electrode (negative electrode) in a lithium-containing salt solution, and adjusting a constant negative current to the positive electrode, where the lithium ion (Li +>) and anions of the lithium-containing salt solution are trapped in the electrode; (B) replacing the salt solution by a recovery solution; (C) reversing the direction of current relative to the step (A); and (D) replacing the recovery solution by fresh saline. Recovering lithium salts from salt solutions comprises: (A) immersing a lithium-intercalating positive electrode and an anion capturing electrode (negative electrode) in a lithium-containing salt solution, and adjusting a constant negative current to the positive electrode, where the lith...
Nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCFe) is an attractive cathode material in both aqueous and organic el... more Nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCFe) is an attractive cathode material in both aqueous and organic electrolytes due to a low-cost synthesis using earth-abundant precursors and also due to its open framework, Prussian blue-like crystal structure that enables ultra-long cycle life, high energy efficiency, and high power capability. Herein, we explored the effect of different alkali ions on the insertion electrochemistry of NiHCFe in aqueous and propylene carbonate-based electrolytes. The large channel diameter of the structure offers fast solid-state diffusion of Li(+), Na(+), and K(+) ions in aqueous electrolytes. However, all alkali ions in organic electrolytes and Rb(+) and Cs(+) in aqueous electrolytes show a quasi-reversible electrochemical behavior that results in poor galvanostatic cycling performance. Kinetic regimes in aqueous electrolyte were also determined, highlighting the effect of the size of the alkali ion on the electrochemical properties.
Potential applications of sodium-ion batteries in grid-scale energy storage, portable electronics... more Potential applications of sodium-ion batteries in grid-scale energy storage, portable electronics and electric vehicles have revitalized research interest in these batteries. However, the performance of sodium-ion electrode materials has not been competitive with that of lithium-ion electrode materials. Here we present sodium manganese hexacyanomanganate (Na2MnII[MnII(CN)6]), an open-framework crystal structure material, as a viable positive electrode for sodium-ion batteries. We demonstrate a high discharge capacity of 209 mAh g(-1) at C/5 (40 mA g(-1)) and excellent capacity retention at high rates in a propylene carbonate electrolyte. We provide chemical and structural evidence for the unprecedented storage of 50% more sodium cations than previously thought possible during electrochemical cycling. These results represent a step forward in the development of sodium-ion batteries.
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Papers by Mauro Pasta