Papers by Lena Jingen Liang
Tourism and Hospitality Research
The application of augmented reality in tourism is flourishing and promising, bringing an emergin... more The application of augmented reality in tourism is flourishing and promising, bringing an emerging body of studies. While virtual reality might be a virtual threat to the travel and tourism as being a potential substitute, augmented reality allows users to interact with the real environment that could potentially enhance visitors’ experience. Distinguishing from reviews that combine studies of augmented reality and virtual reality, this study systematically investigates the current state of augmented reality research exclusively in the tourism literature. The results identify five established and emerging research clusters, with one predominant cluster that focuses on user acceptance of augmented reality, commonly applying the technology acceptance model. A meta-analysis of a subset of four empirical studies reveals that perceived ease of use has an overall influence of 52.79% on perceived usefulness. Lastly, a concept map visually presents the constructs that have been explored acr...
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International Journal of Tourism Research
Behavioral studies of medical tourists are still limited despite a recent and rapid boom in both ... more Behavioral studies of medical tourists are still limited despite a recent and rapid boom in both the business and academic fields. In 2011, Martin, Ramamonjiarivelo, and Martin proposed their MEDTOUR scale to better understand medical tourists' intention to seek treatment overseas. However, the scale has not been validated through application in a different context to date. The present study aims to fill this gap by examining its reliability and applying it in an extended model with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Based on the results of the data collected from Chinese adults, the MEDTOUR scale achieved an acceptable level of factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity. Support was confirmed for all hypotheses with a relatively weak relation between perceived risk and attitude, as well as perceived behavioral control and behavior intention. This study's findings fully support the prediction of behavior intention to travel to a foreign country for medical treatment and provides some useful findings to help medical tourism marketers and hospitals in developing their strategies.
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Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing
The purpose of this paper is to extend the research on consumer repurchase intention, perceived v... more The purpose of this paper is to extend the research on consumer repurchase intention, perceived value, and perceived risk into the realm of the peer-to-peer economy, specifically in the context of Airbnb. A total of 395 surveys were collected in Canada and the United States. The results showed that perceived risk negatively impacts Airbnb consumers’ perceived value and repurchase intention while perceived value positively enhances their repurchase intention. Interestingly, price sensitivity was found not to reduce customers’ perceived risk but can improve their perceived value and positively influences them to repurchase the Airbnb products. Perceived authenticity was found to have a significant effect in reducing Airbnb consumers’ perceived risk and positively influencing their perceived value. Electronic word-of-mouth has a positive effect on repurchase intention as well as perceived value whereas it negatively affects perceived risk. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed and future study directions are offered.
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International Journal of Tourism Research , 2019
Behavioral studies of medical tourists are still limited despite a recent and rapid boom
in both ... more Behavioral studies of medical tourists are still limited despite a recent and rapid boom
in both the business and academic fields. In 2011, Martin, Ramamonjiarivelo, and
Martin proposed their MEDTOUR scale to better understand medical tourists' intention to seek treatment overseas. However, the scale has not been validated through
application in a different context to date. The present study aims to fill this gap by
examining its reliability and applying it in an extended model with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Based on the results of the data collected from Chinese adults, the MEDTOUR scale achieved an acceptable level of factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity. Support was confirmed for all hypotheses with a relatively weak relation between perceived risk and attitude, as well as perceived behavioral control and behavior intention. This study's findings fully support the prediction of behavior intention to travel to a foreign country for medical treatment and provides some useful findings to help medical tourism marketers and hospitals in developing their strategies.
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The purpose of this paper is to extend the research on consumer repurchase intention, perceived v... more The purpose of this paper is to extend the research on consumer repurchase intention, perceived value, and perceived risk into the realm of the peer-to-peer economy, specifically in the context of Airbnb. A total of 395 surveys were collected in Canada and the United States. The results showed that perceived risk negatively impacts Airbnb consumers’ perceived value and repurchase intention while perceived value positively enhances their repurchase intention. Interestingly, price sensitivity was found not to reduce customers’ perceived risk but can improve their perceived value and positively influences them to repurchase the Airbnb products. Perceived authenticity was found to have a significant effect in reducing Airbnb consumers’ perceived risk and positively influencing their perceived value. Electronic word-of-mouth has a positive effect on repurchase intention as well as perceived value whereas it negatively affects perceived risk. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed and future study directions are offered.
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International Journal of Hospitality Management
This article explores the relationships between satisfaction, trust and switching intention as we... more This article explores the relationships between satisfaction, trust and switching intention as well as repurchase intention in the Airbnb context. A theoretical framework is proposed regarding the relationship between trust, satisfaction, repurchase intention and switching intention. A distinction is made between transaction-based satisfaction and experience-based satisfaction, while trust is separated into institution-based trust (trust in Airbnb) and disposition to trust (trust in hosts). The model was tested with empirical data collected in North America. Results show that transaction-based satisfaction is a related but distinct construct from experience-based satisfaction. There was a significant effect of transaction-based satisfaction on experience-based satisfaction. Trust was determined to be the mediator between transaction-based satisfaction and repurchase intention. However, trust in Airbnb did not statistically influence trust in hosts. The implication is that industry professionals should not neglect transaction-based satisfaction as it has significant effects on experience-based satisfaction, trust and repurchase intention.
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Papers by Lena Jingen Liang
in both the business and academic fields. In 2011, Martin, Ramamonjiarivelo, and
Martin proposed their MEDTOUR scale to better understand medical tourists' intention to seek treatment overseas. However, the scale has not been validated through
application in a different context to date. The present study aims to fill this gap by
examining its reliability and applying it in an extended model with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Based on the results of the data collected from Chinese adults, the MEDTOUR scale achieved an acceptable level of factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity. Support was confirmed for all hypotheses with a relatively weak relation between perceived risk and attitude, as well as perceived behavioral control and behavior intention. This study's findings fully support the prediction of behavior intention to travel to a foreign country for medical treatment and provides some useful findings to help medical tourism marketers and hospitals in developing their strategies.
in both the business and academic fields. In 2011, Martin, Ramamonjiarivelo, and
Martin proposed their MEDTOUR scale to better understand medical tourists' intention to seek treatment overseas. However, the scale has not been validated through
application in a different context to date. The present study aims to fill this gap by
examining its reliability and applying it in an extended model with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Based on the results of the data collected from Chinese adults, the MEDTOUR scale achieved an acceptable level of factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity. Support was confirmed for all hypotheses with a relatively weak relation between perceived risk and attitude, as well as perceived behavioral control and behavior intention. This study's findings fully support the prediction of behavior intention to travel to a foreign country for medical treatment and provides some useful findings to help medical tourism marketers and hospitals in developing their strategies.