The herbicide atrazine (ATZ), can pollute steps in the food chain due to its persistence in the s... more The herbicide atrazine (ATZ), can pollute steps in the food chain due to its persistence in the soil. Studies on the persistence, degradation and leaching of ATZ are of interest (Schiavon 1988). The purpose of this research is the evaluation, in the soil, of the following parameters used in this experimental model: 1. the transformation, at different times, of ATZ, watered just once onto the surface of the soil; 2. the penetration of the ATZ into the lower layers of the soil; 3. the elimination of both ATZ and its metabolites by means of water drainage in relation to the amount of water supplied (artificial rain); 4. the absorption of ATZ by vegetation which could eventually develop on the soil.
In 2001, samples of liver (n=38) and perirenal fat (n=25) (only in males) were taken from Europea... more In 2001, samples of liver (n=38) and perirenal fat (n=25) (only in males) were taken from European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populating a hilly, wooded protected area in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. Samples were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocycloexane α-, β- and γ-isomers (α-, β- and γ-HCH), α-endosulfan, aldrin, dieldrin and
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related fungi, is nephrotoxi... more Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related fungi, is nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive in animals and man. In this study we evaluate the modifications of fluidity, endocytosis and peroxidative damage of plasma membrane induced by FB1 in macrophage cell line J774A.1. In these immune cells FB1 (1–10 μM) enhances membrane fluidity and increases, time-dependently,
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that grow on various food and feed. These compounds... more Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that grow on various food and feed. These compounds elicit a wide spectrum of toxicological effects, including the capacity to alter normal immune function. Feed commodities are usually contaminated with more than one mycotoxin; however, extensive information on the interaction between concomitantly occurring mycotoxins and the consequence for their toxicity is lacking. In the
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that grow on various food and feed. These compounds... more Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that grow on various food and feed. These compounds elicit a wide spectrum of toxicological effects, including the capacity to alter normal immune function. Feed commodities are usually contaminated with more than one mycotoxin; however, extensive information on the interaction between concomitantly occurring mycotoxins and the consequence for their toxicity is lacking. In the present study, we examined the effects in vitro of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZEA), alone or in combination, on the immune function in the human lymphoblastoid Jurkat T cell line. Treatment of cells with increasing concentrations of FB1 resulted in a dose-dependent induction of proliferation. In contrast, alpha-ZEA showed a marked inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, even at very low doses, essentially mediated by apoptosis. In stimulated cells pre-incubated with FB1, the levels of IL-2 and IFN gamma mRNAs were similar to control whereas a reduction of cytokine transcripts was reported following alpha-ZEA treatment. Interestingly, co-administration of mycotoxins resulted in further inhibition of both proliferation and IFN gamma mRNA expression when compared with alpha-ZEA alone. In conclusion, FB1 and alpha-ZEA showed different immunomodulation abilities when individually administered. Combination of mycotoxins resulted instead in interactive effects.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its hydroxylated form nivalenol (NIV) are Fusarium mycotoxins that occur... more Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its hydroxylated form nivalenol (NIV) are Fusarium mycotoxins that occur in cereal grains alone or in combination. Several studies have shown that these metabolites affect lymphocyte functions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their activities are still partially known. To address this issue, we examined the influence of NIV and DON in modulating IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-8 mRNA
The herbicide atrazine (ATZ), can pollute steps in the food chain due to its persistence in the s... more The herbicide atrazine (ATZ), can pollute steps in the food chain due to its persistence in the soil. Studies on the persistence, degradation and leaching of ATZ are of interest (Schiavon 1988). The purpose of this research is the evaluation, in the soil, of the following parameters used in this experimental model: 1. the transformation, at different times, of ATZ, watered just once onto the surface of the soil; 2. the penetration of the ATZ into the lower layers of the soil; 3. the elimination of both ATZ and its metabolites by means of water drainage in relation to the amount of water supplied (artificial rain); 4. the absorption of ATZ by vegetation which could eventually develop on the soil.
In 2001, samples of liver (n=38) and perirenal fat (n=25) (only in males) were taken from Europea... more In 2001, samples of liver (n=38) and perirenal fat (n=25) (only in males) were taken from European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populating a hilly, wooded protected area in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. Samples were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocycloexane α-, β- and γ-isomers (α-, β- and γ-HCH), α-endosulfan, aldrin, dieldrin and
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related fungi, is nephrotoxi... more Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related fungi, is nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive in animals and man. In this study we evaluate the modifications of fluidity, endocytosis and peroxidative damage of plasma membrane induced by FB1 in macrophage cell line J774A.1. In these immune cells FB1 (1–10 μM) enhances membrane fluidity and increases, time-dependently,
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that grow on various food and feed. These compounds... more Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that grow on various food and feed. These compounds elicit a wide spectrum of toxicological effects, including the capacity to alter normal immune function. Feed commodities are usually contaminated with more than one mycotoxin; however, extensive information on the interaction between concomitantly occurring mycotoxins and the consequence for their toxicity is lacking. In the
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that grow on various food and feed. These compounds... more Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that grow on various food and feed. These compounds elicit a wide spectrum of toxicological effects, including the capacity to alter normal immune function. Feed commodities are usually contaminated with more than one mycotoxin; however, extensive information on the interaction between concomitantly occurring mycotoxins and the consequence for their toxicity is lacking. In the present study, we examined the effects in vitro of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZEA), alone or in combination, on the immune function in the human lymphoblastoid Jurkat T cell line. Treatment of cells with increasing concentrations of FB1 resulted in a dose-dependent induction of proliferation. In contrast, alpha-ZEA showed a marked inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, even at very low doses, essentially mediated by apoptosis. In stimulated cells pre-incubated with FB1, the levels of IL-2 and IFN gamma mRNAs were similar to control whereas a reduction of cytokine transcripts was reported following alpha-ZEA treatment. Interestingly, co-administration of mycotoxins resulted in further inhibition of both proliferation and IFN gamma mRNA expression when compared with alpha-ZEA alone. In conclusion, FB1 and alpha-ZEA showed different immunomodulation abilities when individually administered. Combination of mycotoxins resulted instead in interactive effects.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its hydroxylated form nivalenol (NIV) are Fusarium mycotoxins that occur... more Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its hydroxylated form nivalenol (NIV) are Fusarium mycotoxins that occur in cereal grains alone or in combination. Several studies have shown that these metabolites affect lymphocyte functions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their activities are still partially known. To address this issue, we examined the influence of NIV and DON in modulating IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-8 mRNA
Uploads
Papers by L. Severino