Terrestrial water storage (TWS) consists of groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, and wet bi... more Terrestrial water storage (TWS) consists of groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, and wet biomass. Drought may be defined as a period of abnormally dry weather long enough to cause significant deficits in one or more of the TWS components. Thus, along with observations of the agricultural socioeconomic impacts, measurements of TWS and its components enable quantification of drought severity. Current remote sensing instruments are able to detect variations in one or more Terrestrial water storage (TWS) variables, including the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) on NASA's Aqua satellite and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra and Aqua. Their dynamic character challenges our ability in planning, monitoring, and providing relief to the affected areas. Meanwhile the spatial and temporal variability and multiple impacts of droughts, the tools and data available for mapping and monitoring this phenomenon on all scales should be improved. The collected images on a scale of 1:1000000 were collected twice monthly (every 15 days) during the winter cultivation season in Egypt (November to April) for all over the Egyptian governorates within the time series from 2001 to 2010. These types of satellite images (Modies) are using to determine the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) that have been utilized in calculation the drought rates. The aims of this study were detecting of drought-related vegetation stress and estimation of drought parameters from 2001 to 2010 in all Egyptian governorates during the winter season. Detecting of drought-related vegetation stress was done from 2001/2002 to 2009/2010 seasons respectively in all Egyptian territory during the winter season. Coastal areas mainly depend on winter annual rainfall. The results of the monitoring drought during 9 winter seasons showed that, Northern Coastal zone was the highest affected area by drought in Egypt, and supplementary irrigation needed for improve the drought status during winter season especially in the months December, January and February to improve the winter crop productivity and enhance the food security. Furthermore, In 2009/2010 season had the longest drought period; while 2006/2007 season considered the lowest drought status season.
Keywords: - remote sensing- satellite images- drought- Vegetation Health Index (VHI).
881 | P a g e 3 0 O c t o b e r 2 0 1 6 w w w. g j a r. o r g ABSTRACT Organic fertilizer and wat... more 881 | P a g e 3 0 O c t o b e r 2 0 1 6 w w w. g j a r. o r g ABSTRACT Organic fertilizer and water management are essential factors for achieving adequate broccoli and cauliflower development and productivity. Two field experiments were conducted in a clay soil at Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Giza governorate, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015. The study carried out to investigate the effect of different irrigation water levels (50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and different sources of fertilizers (inorganic fertilizer (control), compost tea and vermin liquid) on vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency of broccoli and cauliflower plants. The investigation aimed to optimize the efficient use of irrigation water and minimize the chemical fertilizer use; the study involved evaluation for their effects on some soil chemical characteristics (pH, ECe, chemically available N, P and K, along with OM content). The experimental design was of split plots, the irrigation levels being located as main plots and different fertilizers treatments are located as sub-plots. Data indicated that, the liquid organic fertilizers had a promotive effect on all growth parameters including the vegetative growth, yield, nutrients content of N, P and K in the plants. Regarding the irrigation water treatments, using 50% of ETc increased water use efficiency compared to other treatments of irrigation. Regarding the soil chemical characteristics under investigation according to the tested treatments and crop species, data declared that vermicomposting tea combined with low level of irrigation water can save macronutrients from leaching out of the soil profile. Moreover, it improved plant ability to resist against water stress.
The growth and productivity of some bread wheatcultivars(Triticum vulgare L) is affected by sowin... more The growth and productivity of some bread wheatcultivars(Triticum vulgare L) is affected by sowing date and irrigation requirements. Field experiment is conducted at Dokki Protected Agriculture Site, Giza Egypt during the winter season in 2010/11-2011/12. The treatments of the experiment composed of four wheat cultivars (Sakha 93, Sakha 94, Giza 168 and Gemiza 9) and three sowing dates 1 st , mid of November and 1 st of Decemberas well as four irrigation treatments (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of water requirements (WR). Plant growth parameters i.e. plant height, leaf Area Index (LAI), plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, number of days to 50% heading and number of days to 50% maturity and grain yield were determined beside water use efficiency. The obtained results showed that the 1.2 of water requirements gave the highest grain yield and vegetative growth while, the 0.6 of water requirements gave the highest water use efficiency; increasing irrigation water above 0.6 from water requirements led to decrease water use efficiency. Moreover, the highest yield was obtained by the second sowing date followed by the third sowing date. The lowest quantity of seasonal water consumption was recorded by the first sowing date while the second date gave the highest seasonal water consumption. Moreover, the results showed that Giza 168 cultivar occupied the first rank and gave the highest fresh and dry weight followed by Gemiza 9 cultivar. The lowest fresh and dry weights were produced by Sakha 93 cultivar. Finally, the highest value of protein contents in the wheat seeds was obtained by the lowest irrigation level combined with the second sowing date. While the highest carbohydrate contents were obtained by 120% WR for the both tested seasons.
field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-D... more field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-Dokki Experimental Farm, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, El-Giza governorate to study the effect of different irrigation requirements on plant growth and yield of tomato(LycopersiconesculentumMill.GS F1hybrid) under the white net house. The treatments were four applied irrigation levels 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 of ETo for tomato cultivated in rice straw as well as 1.00 of ETo for tomato cultivated in the clay soil (control); all irrigation treatments were applied by using drip irrigation system. Data revealed that increasing water level up to 1.00 ETo enhanced plant growth and yield followed by 1.20 ETo for tomato which cultivated in rice straw bales; control treatment came in the third option. Using 0.60 ETo increased water use efficiency compared to other irrigation treatments in this study. This paper revealed that, using rice straw as cultivation media for producing tomato can be useful for reuse the agriculture wastes and improve water use efficiency.
In the present study a suitable methodology is developed for estimating crop area by integrating ... more In the present study a suitable methodology is developed for estimating crop area by integrating remote sensing and GIS based on land survey approach. Area frame surveys are common ap-proaches to gather land cover data. In contrast to mapping approaches, area frame sampling is a statistical method. Based on the visual observation of sample geo-referenced points, area estimates are computed and used as a valid generalization without studying the entire area under investiga-tion. The approach has also the important advan-tage of not involving/disturbing the land owners and the farmers. The survey concerning the esti-mation of yield for the major crop will be carried out by cutting small samples in the field. The sample covers the whole Nile valley and the delta, the ob-served area is about 35000 km² and the distance from South to North is about 1000 km. Digital to-pographic maps 1:5000 and SPOT5 satellite Im-ages was used, 2,5m resolution, Ortho-rectified (DTM). The survey used the WGS84, Universal Transverse Mercator 36 N, which parameter are given hereafter. Three thousands sites were visited during the winter crop survey, the sample could be constituted of a sub-set of these sites and one point will be designed in each of the selected sites. If this point is wheat, it will be included in the yield sample and visited at harvest time. The sub sam-ple is defined as points of observation, 250m x 250m apart; there are 10 points of observation, which are called points. They are located in two lines East-West of 5 points. There suits of winter survey of Nile Delta and Nile valley is about 12591563 Feddan. The main results of the field survey were that the total cultivation area is almost 76609500 Feddan. The cultivation area is covered about 61% of the total Nile Delta and Nile valley. Field crop is the major area in the Nile valley and Nile Delta, its cover about 48% of the total area of the Nile Valley and Nile Delta. Furthermore, the field crops cover about 79% of the total cultivation area.
Abstract
A
field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and... more Abstract A field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-Dokki Experimental Farm, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, El-Giza governorate to study the effect of different irrigation requirements on plant growth and yield of tomato(LycopersiconesculentumMill.GS F1hybrid) under the white net house. The treatments were four applied irrigation levels 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 of ETo for tomato cultivated in rice straw as well as 1.00 of ETo for tomato cultivated in the clay soil (control); all irrigation treatments were applied by using drip irrigation system. Data revealed that increasing water level up to 1.00 ETo enhanced plant growth and yield followed by 1.20 ETo for tomato which cultivated in rice straw bales; control treatment came in the third option. Using 0.60 ETo increased water use efficiency compared to other irrigation treatments in this study. This paper revealed that, using rice straw as cultivation media for producing tomato can be useful for reuse the agriculture wastes and improve water use efficiency. Key Words: Rice straw -Irrigation requirements - Water use efficiency -ETo- Net house
field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-D... more field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-Dokki Experimental Farm, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, El-Giza governorate to study the effect of different irrigation requirements on plant growth and yield of tomato(LycopersiconesculentumMill.GS F1hybrid) under the white net house. The treatments were four applied irrigation levels 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 of ETo for tomato cultivated in rice straw as well as 1.00 of ETo for tomato cultivated in the clay soil (control); all irrigation treatments were applied by using drip irrigation system. Data revealed that increasing water level up to 1.00 ETo enhanced plant growth and yield followed by 1.20 ETo for tomato which cultivated in rice straw bales; control treatment came in the third option. Using 0.60 ETo increased water use efficiency compared to other irrigation treatments in this study. This paper revealed that, using rice straw as cultivation media for producing tomato can be useful for reuse the agriculture wastes and improve water use efficiency.
A field experiment was carried out during the two successive autumn seasons of 2013 and 2014 unde... more A field experiment was carried out during the two successive autumn seasons of 2013 and 2014 under open field conditions in protected cultivation site, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza governorate, Egypt. The study was investigating the effects of different irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and different sources of fertilizers (inorganic fertilizers (control), cattle manure, compost and vermicompost) on some soil chemical characteristics and vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency of head cabbage. Obtained results showed that soil pH decreased at the end of experiment with a range of 0.08-0.30, compared with before cultivation, with high decreases by 50% of ETc combined with vermicompost. ECe, on the other hand, increased due to different agricultural activities such as adding chemicals and fertilizers, with higher effect at treatment of 50% of ETc combined with cattle manure. Regarding the availability of N, P and K in the studied soil, the results showed that, N and P values decreased after harvest of plants, K values being however increased. In addition, organic fertilizers increased soil organic matter at the end of experiment to achieve the sustainability in agriculture, compared with application of mineral fertilizers. Also, the results showed that using different irrigation levels and organic fertilizers significantly affected the vegetative growth, nutrients content N, P and K in cabbage plants. Regarding the irrigation water treatments, 100% of ETc gave the significant highest number of leaves, head length, head width, head density, head volume along with fresh and dry weight per plant during the two studied seasons. Inorganic fertilizer treatment recorded the highest values in vegetative growth. Increasing water level up to 100% of ETc enhanced yield with different organic fertilizer treatments. However, regardless of organic fertilizer treatments, using 50% of ETc increased water use efficiency compared to other treatments of irrigation.
The need to recycle organic agricultural and urban wastes is not just for environmental issues bu... more The need to recycle organic agricultural and urban wastes is not just for environmental issues but also for economical and sustainable advantages. The current studies were conducted during winter and summer seasons on lettuce and egg plant respectively of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Dokki, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza governorate, Egypt. The main objectives were investigating the ability of use rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of peat moss or perlite in substrate culture and to determine the effect of treatments on vegetative growth, nutrients content (nitrogen, phosphors, potassium), as well as total yield of lettuce and egg plant. Different sizes of chopped rice straw (8-10, 6-8, 4-6 and less than 2 mm) combined with three vermicompost levels (5%,10% and 15% v/v) were applied in horizontal bags of substrate culture. Lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa L.) iceberg was transplanted in October and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was transplanted in February, both crops were cultivated in horizontal bags of substrate culture. The experiment design was a split-plot with three replications. The obtained results indicated that, using rice straw in a small size less than 2 mm significantly increased plant height, number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and increased yield for both crops lettuce and eggplant. Vermicompost at 15% gave the highest vegetative growth and yield compared with the other treatments. The smallest size of rice straw less than 2 mm combined with vermicompost 15% increased significantly vegetative growth and total yield of lettuce and eggplant. The physical and chemical properties of different mixtures varied from the first and second year. The use of rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of burial or incineration led to decrease CO 2 emission, save the environmental and nutrients and at the same time introduce new method for recycling rice straw. 801 | P a g e 3 0 M a y 2 0 1 5 w w w. g j a r. o r g
Intensive agriculture under plastic houses need to increase organic soil matter for
sustainable ... more Intensive agriculture under plastic houses need to increase organic soil matter for
sustainable production to match demands of food security, especially under semi-arid
Egyptian conditions. Climate change impacts on agricultural production and the need to
mitigate green house’s gases (GHG’s) worked as a driving forces to pay more attention to
soil organic matter content and to offer different methods (aerobic composting and
vermicomposting) for recycling different organic wastes (agricultural residues and organic
urban wastes). The study aimed to investigate increasing organic soil matter content in
sandy soil by different rates and types of soil amendments as well as investigate their
effects on vegetative growth and yield of sweet pepper using a split plot design with three
replicates. The study was carried out during two growing autumn seasons of 2010/2011
and 2011/2012 at El-Bossily farm, CLAC, Agricultural Research Center, Behaira
Governorate, Egypt. Sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) cv. Godion F1 was the test crop
and vermicompost, compost and cattle manure at the rates of 2, 4 and 6% (1.8, 3.6 and
5.4 m3/plastic house of 540m2) were the soil amendment treatments. Results obtained
indicate that increasing rate of the different soil amendments from 1.8 to 5.4 m3/plastic
house led to increase in vegetative growth and significantly enhanced early and total yield
of sweet pepper. The highest values of stem diameter, total leaf area, yield and N, P were
recorded by vermicompost, while cattle manure recorded the highest plant height, number of leaves and K contents (%). Vermicomposting of organic urban wastes and composting
of agricultural residues to produce organic fertilizers instead of burning or incineration
compared to cattle manure led to the sequestrating of CO2 in the soil by 605, 430 and 286
kg/ton and conserved nitrogen fertilizer by 17.1, 11.4 and 16.9 kg/ton of vermicompost,
compost and cattle manure respectively. The use of vermicompost as a soil amendment
at the rate of 4% gave the highest economic sweet pepper yield. Organic urban wastes
could create a good source for producing soil amendment. Increasing organic soil matter
content played a vital role in crop production.
The need to recycle organic agricultural and urban wastes is not just for environmental issues bu... more The need to recycle organic agricultural and urban wastes is not just for environmental issues but also for
economical and sustainable advantages. The current studies were conducted during winter and summer seasons on lettuce
and egg plant respectively of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Dokki,
Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza governorate, Egypt. The main objectives were investigating the ability of use
rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of peat moss or perlite in substrate culture and to determine the effect
of treatments on vegetative growth, nutrients content (nitrogen, phosphors, potassium), as well as total yield of lettuce
and egg plant. Different sizes of chopped rice straw (8-10, 6-8, 4-6 and less than 2 mm) combined with three
vermicompost levels (5%,10% and 15% v/v) were applied in horizontal bags of substrate culture. Lettuce plant (Lactuca
sativa L.) iceberg was transplanted in October and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was transplanted in February, both
crops were cultivated in horizontal bags of substrate culture. The experiment design was a split- plot with three
replications.
The obtained results indicated that, using rice straw in a small size less than 2 mm significantly increased plant
height, number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and increased yield for both crops lettuce and eggplant.
Vermicompost at 15% gave the highest vegetative growth and yield compared with the other treatments. The smallest
size of rice straw less than 2 mm combined with vermicompost 15% increased significantly vegetative growth and total
yield of lettuce and eggplant. The physical and chemical properties of different mixtures varied from the first and second
year. The use of rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of burial or incineration led to decrease CO2
emission, save the environmental and nutrients and at the same time introduce new method for recycling rice straw.
The need for extend the urban horticulture to cover the food security demands, to mitigate CO2 em... more The need for extend the urban horticulture to cover the food security demands, to mitigate CO2 emissions and avoid the extreme heat waves drive this study to investigate the ability of using soilless culture systems, vermicomposting technology and net cover in producing vegetables in urban area in summer season. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different vermicompost rates mixed with the standard substrate peat moss: perlite (perlite: peat moss: vermicompost (45:45:10) (Mix.10%), perlite: peat moss: vermicompost (40:40:20) (Mix.20%), perlite: peat moss: vermicompost (35:35:30) (Mix.30%) and perlite: peat moss (50:50 V/V) (Control) under three microclimate conditions (plants covered with black net, white net and without cover) on vegetative growth and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Reda) grown in pots culture during summer seasons of 2012 and 2013 at the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza Governorate. Physical and chemical properties of substrates, vegetative growth and yield characteristics, agrometerological data and mineral contents were determined. The obtained data indicated that vermicomposting could contribute in mitigate CO2 emission, save the essential nutrients and energy via recycling the urban organic wastes to vermicompost. The physical and chemical properties were affected by vermicompost. The best vegetative growth and yield of sweet pepper were given by (Mix.20%) vermicompost mixture followed by (Mix.10%) and (Mix.30%) vermicompost mixture. There were also significant differences between cover net treatments in affecting vegetative growth and yield of pepper, the white net was superior for producing pepper during the summer season; while the black net gave the lowest plant growth and yield. The best treatment was (Mix.20%) vermicompost mixture with white net cover, while the lowest vegetative growth and yield were obtained by (Control) vermicompost mixture with black cover net during the two tested seasons. These results suggested that vermicomposting and green roof can be used in urban area for producing food instead of incineration the urban organic wastes or imported food from rural area and using white cover net to improve the pepper growth and productivity during summer season.
In the present study a suitable methodology is developed for estimating crop area by integrating ... more In the present study a suitable methodology is developed for estimating crop area by integrating remote sensing and GIS based on land survey approach. Area frame surveys are common ap-proaches to gather land cover data. In contrast to mapping approaches, area frame sampling is a statistical method. Based on the visual observation of sample geo-referenced points, area estimates are computed and used as a valid generalization without studying the entire area under investiga-tion. The approach has also the important advan-tage of not involving/disturbing the land owners and the farmers. The survey concerning the esti-mation of yield for the major crop will be carried out by cutting small samples in the field. The sample covers the whole Nile valley and the delta, the ob-served area is about 35000 km² and the distance from South to North is about 1000 km. Digital to-pographic maps 1:5000 and SPOT5 satellite Im-ages was used, 2,5m resolution, Ortho-rectified (DTM). The survey used the WGS84, Universal Transverse Mercator 36 N, which parameter are given hereafter. Three thousands sites were visited during the winter crop survey, the sample could be constituted of a sub-set of these sites and one point will be designed in each of the selected sites. If this point is wheat, it will be included in the yield sample and visited at harvest time. The sub sam-ple is defined as points of observation, 250m x 250m apart; there are 10 points of observation, which are called points. They are located in two lines East-West of 5 points. There suits of winter survey of Nile Delta and Nile valley is about 12591563 Feddan. The main results of the field survey were that the total cultivation area is almost 76609500 Feddan. The cultivation area is covered about 61% of the total Nile Delta and Nile valley. Field crop is the major area in the Nile valley and Nile Delta, its cover about 48% of the total area of the Nile Valley and Nile Delta. Furthermore, the field crops cover about 79% of the total cultivation area.
Terrestrial water storage (TWS) consists of groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, and wet b... more Terrestrial water storage (TWS) consists of groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, and wet biomass. Drought may be defined as a period of abnormally dry weather long enough to cause significant deficits in one or more of the TWS components. Thus, along with observations of the agricultural socioeconomic impacts, measurements of TWS and its components enable quantification of drought severity. Current remote sensing instruments are able to detect variations in one or more Terrestrial water storage (TWS) variables, including the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) on NASA's Aqua satellite and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra and Aqua. Their dynamic character challenges our ability in planning, monitoring, and providing relief to the affected areas. Meanwhile, the spatial and temporal variability and multiple impacts of droughts, the tools and data available for mapping and monitoring this phenomenon on all scales should be improved. The collected images on a scale of 1:1000000 were collected twice monthly (every 15 days) during the winter cultivation season in Egypt from November to April for all over the Egyptian governorates within the time series from 2001 to 2010. These types of satellite images (Modies) are using to determine the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) that have been utilized in calculation the drought rates. The aims of this study were detecting of drought-related vegetation stress and estimation of drought parameters, from 2001 to 2010, all over Egyptian governorates, during the winter season. Detecting of drought-related vegetation stress was done from 2001/2002 to 2009/2010 seasons respectively all over Egyptian territory during the winter season. Coastal areas mainly depend on winter annual rainfall. The results of the monitoring drought during 9 winter seasons showed that, Northern Coastal zone was the highest affected area by drought in Egypt, and supplementary irrigation needed for improve the drought status, during winter season especially in the months December, January and February to improve the winter crops productivity and enhance the food security. Furthermore, In 2009/2010 season had the longest drought period; while 2006/2007 season considered the lowest drought status season.
There is widespread consensus that Egypt is among the developing countries that are most vulnerab... more There is widespread consensus that Egypt is among the developing countries that are most vulnerable to the likely negative impacts of climate change. Northern Egypt is the most threaten area under Egyptian conditions. The expected climate change impacts are the driving force to investigate the suitable sowing date and irrigation
requirements to face the food security needs. A field study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 at El-Bosaily farm in the Northern coast of Egypt. The main objectives of this study were to adapt maize production under expected climate change impacts via evaluating the response of the Single Cross 10 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid to three
different sowing dates (SD) (1st and mid of May and 1st of June) and four applied irrigation levels 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc which applied by drip irrigation system. No. of leaves, leaf area index, number of days for 50 % tasseling and silking, grain yield (g/plant), average weight of 100 seeds and straw yield (g/plant) were determined beside water use efficiency. The obtained results showed that the 0.6 and 0.8 of (ETc) irrigation treatments attributed to decline vegetative growth as well as growth yield. Nevertheless, the 1.2 irrigation treatments gave the highest grain yield and vegetative growth which was compensated the amount of water consumed. The highest yield was obtained by the second sowing date followed by the third one. The final results show that the 0.6 irrigation level gave the highest water use efficiency; increasing irrigation water above 0.6 from ETc led to decrease water use efficiency. The lowest value of seasonal water consumption was recorded by the first sowing date while the second date gave the highest seasonal water consumption. Calibration and validation of CERES-Maize crop simulation model using experimental datasets of years 2011 and 2012 were done successfully giving very excellent values for RMSE and d- Stat evaluation indexes. Environmental modification option of the model was used to rise maximum and minimum temperature by 1.5°C and 3.5°C for both seasons. Reductions in grain yield for 1.5°C scenario arrived to -25.1 than
2011 year and -31.9% than 2012 year. Using 3.5°C scenario caused declines in grain yield arrived to -54.8% than 2011 year and -66.2% than 2012 year.
Increasing the competition on available irrigation water, climate change impacts and environmenta... more Increasing the competition on available irrigation water, climate change impacts and environmental issues create the motivation for investigating new methods for increasing water use efficiency studies on all crops. The field experiment was carried out during the two successive autumn seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 under open field conditions in protected cultivation site, Central Laboratory for Agriculture Climate (CLAC), Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. The aim of this study was determine the influence of different irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and organic mulching (bare (control), residue, compost and vermicompost) on vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).The experimental design was split plot, the irrigation requirement levels located as main plot and cover soil treatments located as sub-plot.
Using different irrigation levels and organic mulching were significantly affected vegetative growth, nutrients content (N, P, K and NO3). Data also revealed that using vermicompost soil cover decreased irrigation requirements of lettuce plants compared to bare soil cover mulch treatment. Regarding the organic mulch cover, data revealed that vermicompost recorded the highest values of number of leaves lettuce head length, lettuce head width, head density, head volume and fresh and dry weight per lettuce plant during the two successive seasons. Increasing water level up to 1.00 (ETc) enhanced yield with different organic mulching treatments. However, regardless of mulching treatments, using 0.50 (ETc) increased water use efficiency compared to using other treatments. Moreover, the number and weight of weeds per square meter were significantly higher under control treatment in comparison with organic mulching treatments, whereas, increasing irrigation level led to increase the number and weight of weeds.
Terrestrial water storage (TWS) consists of groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, and wet bi... more Terrestrial water storage (TWS) consists of groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, and wet biomass. Drought may be defined as a period of abnormally dry weather long enough to cause significant deficits in one or more of the TWS components. Thus, along with observations of the agricultural socioeconomic impacts, measurements of TWS and its components enable quantification of drought severity. Current remote sensing instruments are able to detect variations in one or more Terrestrial water storage (TWS) variables, including the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) on NASA's Aqua satellite and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra and Aqua. Their dynamic character challenges our ability in planning, monitoring, and providing relief to the affected areas. Meanwhile the spatial and temporal variability and multiple impacts of droughts, the tools and data available for mapping and monitoring this phenomenon on all scales should be improved. The collected images on a scale of 1:1000000 were collected twice monthly (every 15 days) during the winter cultivation season in Egypt (November to April) for all over the Egyptian governorates within the time series from 2001 to 2010. These types of satellite images (Modies) are using to determine the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) that have been utilized in calculation the drought rates. The aims of this study were detecting of drought-related vegetation stress and estimation of drought parameters from 2001 to 2010 in all Egyptian governorates during the winter season. Detecting of drought-related vegetation stress was done from 2001/2002 to 2009/2010 seasons respectively in all Egyptian territory during the winter season. Coastal areas mainly depend on winter annual rainfall. The results of the monitoring drought during 9 winter seasons showed that, Northern Coastal zone was the highest affected area by drought in Egypt, and supplementary irrigation needed for improve the drought status during winter season especially in the months December, January and February to improve the winter crop productivity and enhance the food security. Furthermore, In 2009/2010 season had the longest drought period; while 2006/2007 season considered the lowest drought status season.
Keywords: - remote sensing- satellite images- drought- Vegetation Health Index (VHI).
881 | P a g e 3 0 O c t o b e r 2 0 1 6 w w w. g j a r. o r g ABSTRACT Organic fertilizer and wat... more 881 | P a g e 3 0 O c t o b e r 2 0 1 6 w w w. g j a r. o r g ABSTRACT Organic fertilizer and water management are essential factors for achieving adequate broccoli and cauliflower development and productivity. Two field experiments were conducted in a clay soil at Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Giza governorate, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015. The study carried out to investigate the effect of different irrigation water levels (50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and different sources of fertilizers (inorganic fertilizer (control), compost tea and vermin liquid) on vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency of broccoli and cauliflower plants. The investigation aimed to optimize the efficient use of irrigation water and minimize the chemical fertilizer use; the study involved evaluation for their effects on some soil chemical characteristics (pH, ECe, chemically available N, P and K, along with OM content). The experimental design was of split plots, the irrigation levels being located as main plots and different fertilizers treatments are located as sub-plots. Data indicated that, the liquid organic fertilizers had a promotive effect on all growth parameters including the vegetative growth, yield, nutrients content of N, P and K in the plants. Regarding the irrigation water treatments, using 50% of ETc increased water use efficiency compared to other treatments of irrigation. Regarding the soil chemical characteristics under investigation according to the tested treatments and crop species, data declared that vermicomposting tea combined with low level of irrigation water can save macronutrients from leaching out of the soil profile. Moreover, it improved plant ability to resist against water stress.
The growth and productivity of some bread wheatcultivars(Triticum vulgare L) is affected by sowin... more The growth and productivity of some bread wheatcultivars(Triticum vulgare L) is affected by sowing date and irrigation requirements. Field experiment is conducted at Dokki Protected Agriculture Site, Giza Egypt during the winter season in 2010/11-2011/12. The treatments of the experiment composed of four wheat cultivars (Sakha 93, Sakha 94, Giza 168 and Gemiza 9) and three sowing dates 1 st , mid of November and 1 st of Decemberas well as four irrigation treatments (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of water requirements (WR). Plant growth parameters i.e. plant height, leaf Area Index (LAI), plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, number of days to 50% heading and number of days to 50% maturity and grain yield were determined beside water use efficiency. The obtained results showed that the 1.2 of water requirements gave the highest grain yield and vegetative growth while, the 0.6 of water requirements gave the highest water use efficiency; increasing irrigation water above 0.6 from water requirements led to decrease water use efficiency. Moreover, the highest yield was obtained by the second sowing date followed by the third sowing date. The lowest quantity of seasonal water consumption was recorded by the first sowing date while the second date gave the highest seasonal water consumption. Moreover, the results showed that Giza 168 cultivar occupied the first rank and gave the highest fresh and dry weight followed by Gemiza 9 cultivar. The lowest fresh and dry weights were produced by Sakha 93 cultivar. Finally, the highest value of protein contents in the wheat seeds was obtained by the lowest irrigation level combined with the second sowing date. While the highest carbohydrate contents were obtained by 120% WR for the both tested seasons.
field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-D... more field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-Dokki Experimental Farm, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, El-Giza governorate to study the effect of different irrigation requirements on plant growth and yield of tomato(LycopersiconesculentumMill.GS F1hybrid) under the white net house. The treatments were four applied irrigation levels 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 of ETo for tomato cultivated in rice straw as well as 1.00 of ETo for tomato cultivated in the clay soil (control); all irrigation treatments were applied by using drip irrigation system. Data revealed that increasing water level up to 1.00 ETo enhanced plant growth and yield followed by 1.20 ETo for tomato which cultivated in rice straw bales; control treatment came in the third option. Using 0.60 ETo increased water use efficiency compared to other irrigation treatments in this study. This paper revealed that, using rice straw as cultivation media for producing tomato can be useful for reuse the agriculture wastes and improve water use efficiency.
In the present study a suitable methodology is developed for estimating crop area by integrating ... more In the present study a suitable methodology is developed for estimating crop area by integrating remote sensing and GIS based on land survey approach. Area frame surveys are common ap-proaches to gather land cover data. In contrast to mapping approaches, area frame sampling is a statistical method. Based on the visual observation of sample geo-referenced points, area estimates are computed and used as a valid generalization without studying the entire area under investiga-tion. The approach has also the important advan-tage of not involving/disturbing the land owners and the farmers. The survey concerning the esti-mation of yield for the major crop will be carried out by cutting small samples in the field. The sample covers the whole Nile valley and the delta, the ob-served area is about 35000 km² and the distance from South to North is about 1000 km. Digital to-pographic maps 1:5000 and SPOT5 satellite Im-ages was used, 2,5m resolution, Ortho-rectified (DTM). The survey used the WGS84, Universal Transverse Mercator 36 N, which parameter are given hereafter. Three thousands sites were visited during the winter crop survey, the sample could be constituted of a sub-set of these sites and one point will be designed in each of the selected sites. If this point is wheat, it will be included in the yield sample and visited at harvest time. The sub sam-ple is defined as points of observation, 250m x 250m apart; there are 10 points of observation, which are called points. They are located in two lines East-West of 5 points. There suits of winter survey of Nile Delta and Nile valley is about 12591563 Feddan. The main results of the field survey were that the total cultivation area is almost 76609500 Feddan. The cultivation area is covered about 61% of the total Nile Delta and Nile valley. Field crop is the major area in the Nile valley and Nile Delta, its cover about 48% of the total area of the Nile Valley and Nile Delta. Furthermore, the field crops cover about 79% of the total cultivation area.
Abstract
A
field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and... more Abstract A field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-Dokki Experimental Farm, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, El-Giza governorate to study the effect of different irrigation requirements on plant growth and yield of tomato(LycopersiconesculentumMill.GS F1hybrid) under the white net house. The treatments were four applied irrigation levels 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 of ETo for tomato cultivated in rice straw as well as 1.00 of ETo for tomato cultivated in the clay soil (control); all irrigation treatments were applied by using drip irrigation system. Data revealed that increasing water level up to 1.00 ETo enhanced plant growth and yield followed by 1.20 ETo for tomato which cultivated in rice straw bales; control treatment came in the third option. Using 0.60 ETo increased water use efficiency compared to other irrigation treatments in this study. This paper revealed that, using rice straw as cultivation media for producing tomato can be useful for reuse the agriculture wastes and improve water use efficiency. Key Words: Rice straw -Irrigation requirements - Water use efficiency -ETo- Net house
field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-D... more field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-Dokki Experimental Farm, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, El-Giza governorate to study the effect of different irrigation requirements on plant growth and yield of tomato(LycopersiconesculentumMill.GS F1hybrid) under the white net house. The treatments were four applied irrigation levels 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 of ETo for tomato cultivated in rice straw as well as 1.00 of ETo for tomato cultivated in the clay soil (control); all irrigation treatments were applied by using drip irrigation system. Data revealed that increasing water level up to 1.00 ETo enhanced plant growth and yield followed by 1.20 ETo for tomato which cultivated in rice straw bales; control treatment came in the third option. Using 0.60 ETo increased water use efficiency compared to other irrigation treatments in this study. This paper revealed that, using rice straw as cultivation media for producing tomato can be useful for reuse the agriculture wastes and improve water use efficiency.
A field experiment was carried out during the two successive autumn seasons of 2013 and 2014 unde... more A field experiment was carried out during the two successive autumn seasons of 2013 and 2014 under open field conditions in protected cultivation site, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza governorate, Egypt. The study was investigating the effects of different irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and different sources of fertilizers (inorganic fertilizers (control), cattle manure, compost and vermicompost) on some soil chemical characteristics and vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency of head cabbage. Obtained results showed that soil pH decreased at the end of experiment with a range of 0.08-0.30, compared with before cultivation, with high decreases by 50% of ETc combined with vermicompost. ECe, on the other hand, increased due to different agricultural activities such as adding chemicals and fertilizers, with higher effect at treatment of 50% of ETc combined with cattle manure. Regarding the availability of N, P and K in the studied soil, the results showed that, N and P values decreased after harvest of plants, K values being however increased. In addition, organic fertilizers increased soil organic matter at the end of experiment to achieve the sustainability in agriculture, compared with application of mineral fertilizers. Also, the results showed that using different irrigation levels and organic fertilizers significantly affected the vegetative growth, nutrients content N, P and K in cabbage plants. Regarding the irrigation water treatments, 100% of ETc gave the significant highest number of leaves, head length, head width, head density, head volume along with fresh and dry weight per plant during the two studied seasons. Inorganic fertilizer treatment recorded the highest values in vegetative growth. Increasing water level up to 100% of ETc enhanced yield with different organic fertilizer treatments. However, regardless of organic fertilizer treatments, using 50% of ETc increased water use efficiency compared to other treatments of irrigation.
The need to recycle organic agricultural and urban wastes is not just for environmental issues bu... more The need to recycle organic agricultural and urban wastes is not just for environmental issues but also for economical and sustainable advantages. The current studies were conducted during winter and summer seasons on lettuce and egg plant respectively of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Dokki, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza governorate, Egypt. The main objectives were investigating the ability of use rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of peat moss or perlite in substrate culture and to determine the effect of treatments on vegetative growth, nutrients content (nitrogen, phosphors, potassium), as well as total yield of lettuce and egg plant. Different sizes of chopped rice straw (8-10, 6-8, 4-6 and less than 2 mm) combined with three vermicompost levels (5%,10% and 15% v/v) were applied in horizontal bags of substrate culture. Lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa L.) iceberg was transplanted in October and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was transplanted in February, both crops were cultivated in horizontal bags of substrate culture. The experiment design was a split-plot with three replications. The obtained results indicated that, using rice straw in a small size less than 2 mm significantly increased plant height, number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and increased yield for both crops lettuce and eggplant. Vermicompost at 15% gave the highest vegetative growth and yield compared with the other treatments. The smallest size of rice straw less than 2 mm combined with vermicompost 15% increased significantly vegetative growth and total yield of lettuce and eggplant. The physical and chemical properties of different mixtures varied from the first and second year. The use of rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of burial or incineration led to decrease CO 2 emission, save the environmental and nutrients and at the same time introduce new method for recycling rice straw. 801 | P a g e 3 0 M a y 2 0 1 5 w w w. g j a r. o r g
Intensive agriculture under plastic houses need to increase organic soil matter for
sustainable ... more Intensive agriculture under plastic houses need to increase organic soil matter for
sustainable production to match demands of food security, especially under semi-arid
Egyptian conditions. Climate change impacts on agricultural production and the need to
mitigate green house’s gases (GHG’s) worked as a driving forces to pay more attention to
soil organic matter content and to offer different methods (aerobic composting and
vermicomposting) for recycling different organic wastes (agricultural residues and organic
urban wastes). The study aimed to investigate increasing organic soil matter content in
sandy soil by different rates and types of soil amendments as well as investigate their
effects on vegetative growth and yield of sweet pepper using a split plot design with three
replicates. The study was carried out during two growing autumn seasons of 2010/2011
and 2011/2012 at El-Bossily farm, CLAC, Agricultural Research Center, Behaira
Governorate, Egypt. Sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) cv. Godion F1 was the test crop
and vermicompost, compost and cattle manure at the rates of 2, 4 and 6% (1.8, 3.6 and
5.4 m3/plastic house of 540m2) were the soil amendment treatments. Results obtained
indicate that increasing rate of the different soil amendments from 1.8 to 5.4 m3/plastic
house led to increase in vegetative growth and significantly enhanced early and total yield
of sweet pepper. The highest values of stem diameter, total leaf area, yield and N, P were
recorded by vermicompost, while cattle manure recorded the highest plant height, number of leaves and K contents (%). Vermicomposting of organic urban wastes and composting
of agricultural residues to produce organic fertilizers instead of burning or incineration
compared to cattle manure led to the sequestrating of CO2 in the soil by 605, 430 and 286
kg/ton and conserved nitrogen fertilizer by 17.1, 11.4 and 16.9 kg/ton of vermicompost,
compost and cattle manure respectively. The use of vermicompost as a soil amendment
at the rate of 4% gave the highest economic sweet pepper yield. Organic urban wastes
could create a good source for producing soil amendment. Increasing organic soil matter
content played a vital role in crop production.
The need to recycle organic agricultural and urban wastes is not just for environmental issues bu... more The need to recycle organic agricultural and urban wastes is not just for environmental issues but also for
economical and sustainable advantages. The current studies were conducted during winter and summer seasons on lettuce
and egg plant respectively of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Dokki,
Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza governorate, Egypt. The main objectives were investigating the ability of use
rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of peat moss or perlite in substrate culture and to determine the effect
of treatments on vegetative growth, nutrients content (nitrogen, phosphors, potassium), as well as total yield of lettuce
and egg plant. Different sizes of chopped rice straw (8-10, 6-8, 4-6 and less than 2 mm) combined with three
vermicompost levels (5%,10% and 15% v/v) were applied in horizontal bags of substrate culture. Lettuce plant (Lactuca
sativa L.) iceberg was transplanted in October and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was transplanted in February, both
crops were cultivated in horizontal bags of substrate culture. The experiment design was a split- plot with three
replications.
The obtained results indicated that, using rice straw in a small size less than 2 mm significantly increased plant
height, number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and increased yield for both crops lettuce and eggplant.
Vermicompost at 15% gave the highest vegetative growth and yield compared with the other treatments. The smallest
size of rice straw less than 2 mm combined with vermicompost 15% increased significantly vegetative growth and total
yield of lettuce and eggplant. The physical and chemical properties of different mixtures varied from the first and second
year. The use of rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of burial or incineration led to decrease CO2
emission, save the environmental and nutrients and at the same time introduce new method for recycling rice straw.
The need for extend the urban horticulture to cover the food security demands, to mitigate CO2 em... more The need for extend the urban horticulture to cover the food security demands, to mitigate CO2 emissions and avoid the extreme heat waves drive this study to investigate the ability of using soilless culture systems, vermicomposting technology and net cover in producing vegetables in urban area in summer season. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different vermicompost rates mixed with the standard substrate peat moss: perlite (perlite: peat moss: vermicompost (45:45:10) (Mix.10%), perlite: peat moss: vermicompost (40:40:20) (Mix.20%), perlite: peat moss: vermicompost (35:35:30) (Mix.30%) and perlite: peat moss (50:50 V/V) (Control) under three microclimate conditions (plants covered with black net, white net and without cover) on vegetative growth and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Reda) grown in pots culture during summer seasons of 2012 and 2013 at the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza Governorate. Physical and chemical properties of substrates, vegetative growth and yield characteristics, agrometerological data and mineral contents were determined. The obtained data indicated that vermicomposting could contribute in mitigate CO2 emission, save the essential nutrients and energy via recycling the urban organic wastes to vermicompost. The physical and chemical properties were affected by vermicompost. The best vegetative growth and yield of sweet pepper were given by (Mix.20%) vermicompost mixture followed by (Mix.10%) and (Mix.30%) vermicompost mixture. There were also significant differences between cover net treatments in affecting vegetative growth and yield of pepper, the white net was superior for producing pepper during the summer season; while the black net gave the lowest plant growth and yield. The best treatment was (Mix.20%) vermicompost mixture with white net cover, while the lowest vegetative growth and yield were obtained by (Control) vermicompost mixture with black cover net during the two tested seasons. These results suggested that vermicomposting and green roof can be used in urban area for producing food instead of incineration the urban organic wastes or imported food from rural area and using white cover net to improve the pepper growth and productivity during summer season.
In the present study a suitable methodology is developed for estimating crop area by integrating ... more In the present study a suitable methodology is developed for estimating crop area by integrating remote sensing and GIS based on land survey approach. Area frame surveys are common ap-proaches to gather land cover data. In contrast to mapping approaches, area frame sampling is a statistical method. Based on the visual observation of sample geo-referenced points, area estimates are computed and used as a valid generalization without studying the entire area under investiga-tion. The approach has also the important advan-tage of not involving/disturbing the land owners and the farmers. The survey concerning the esti-mation of yield for the major crop will be carried out by cutting small samples in the field. The sample covers the whole Nile valley and the delta, the ob-served area is about 35000 km² and the distance from South to North is about 1000 km. Digital to-pographic maps 1:5000 and SPOT5 satellite Im-ages was used, 2,5m resolution, Ortho-rectified (DTM). The survey used the WGS84, Universal Transverse Mercator 36 N, which parameter are given hereafter. Three thousands sites were visited during the winter crop survey, the sample could be constituted of a sub-set of these sites and one point will be designed in each of the selected sites. If this point is wheat, it will be included in the yield sample and visited at harvest time. The sub sam-ple is defined as points of observation, 250m x 250m apart; there are 10 points of observation, which are called points. They are located in two lines East-West of 5 points. There suits of winter survey of Nile Delta and Nile valley is about 12591563 Feddan. The main results of the field survey were that the total cultivation area is almost 76609500 Feddan. The cultivation area is covered about 61% of the total Nile Delta and Nile valley. Field crop is the major area in the Nile valley and Nile Delta, its cover about 48% of the total area of the Nile Valley and Nile Delta. Furthermore, the field crops cover about 79% of the total cultivation area.
Terrestrial water storage (TWS) consists of groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, and wet b... more Terrestrial water storage (TWS) consists of groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, and wet biomass. Drought may be defined as a period of abnormally dry weather long enough to cause significant deficits in one or more of the TWS components. Thus, along with observations of the agricultural socioeconomic impacts, measurements of TWS and its components enable quantification of drought severity. Current remote sensing instruments are able to detect variations in one or more Terrestrial water storage (TWS) variables, including the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) on NASA's Aqua satellite and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra and Aqua. Their dynamic character challenges our ability in planning, monitoring, and providing relief to the affected areas. Meanwhile, the spatial and temporal variability and multiple impacts of droughts, the tools and data available for mapping and monitoring this phenomenon on all scales should be improved. The collected images on a scale of 1:1000000 were collected twice monthly (every 15 days) during the winter cultivation season in Egypt from November to April for all over the Egyptian governorates within the time series from 2001 to 2010. These types of satellite images (Modies) are using to determine the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) that have been utilized in calculation the drought rates. The aims of this study were detecting of drought-related vegetation stress and estimation of drought parameters, from 2001 to 2010, all over Egyptian governorates, during the winter season. Detecting of drought-related vegetation stress was done from 2001/2002 to 2009/2010 seasons respectively all over Egyptian territory during the winter season. Coastal areas mainly depend on winter annual rainfall. The results of the monitoring drought during 9 winter seasons showed that, Northern Coastal zone was the highest affected area by drought in Egypt, and supplementary irrigation needed for improve the drought status, during winter season especially in the months December, January and February to improve the winter crops productivity and enhance the food security. Furthermore, In 2009/2010 season had the longest drought period; while 2006/2007 season considered the lowest drought status season.
There is widespread consensus that Egypt is among the developing countries that are most vulnerab... more There is widespread consensus that Egypt is among the developing countries that are most vulnerable to the likely negative impacts of climate change. Northern Egypt is the most threaten area under Egyptian conditions. The expected climate change impacts are the driving force to investigate the suitable sowing date and irrigation
requirements to face the food security needs. A field study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 at El-Bosaily farm in the Northern coast of Egypt. The main objectives of this study were to adapt maize production under expected climate change impacts via evaluating the response of the Single Cross 10 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid to three
different sowing dates (SD) (1st and mid of May and 1st of June) and four applied irrigation levels 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc which applied by drip irrigation system. No. of leaves, leaf area index, number of days for 50 % tasseling and silking, grain yield (g/plant), average weight of 100 seeds and straw yield (g/plant) were determined beside water use efficiency. The obtained results showed that the 0.6 and 0.8 of (ETc) irrigation treatments attributed to decline vegetative growth as well as growth yield. Nevertheless, the 1.2 irrigation treatments gave the highest grain yield and vegetative growth which was compensated the amount of water consumed. The highest yield was obtained by the second sowing date followed by the third one. The final results show that the 0.6 irrigation level gave the highest water use efficiency; increasing irrigation water above 0.6 from ETc led to decrease water use efficiency. The lowest value of seasonal water consumption was recorded by the first sowing date while the second date gave the highest seasonal water consumption. Calibration and validation of CERES-Maize crop simulation model using experimental datasets of years 2011 and 2012 were done successfully giving very excellent values for RMSE and d- Stat evaluation indexes. Environmental modification option of the model was used to rise maximum and minimum temperature by 1.5°C and 3.5°C for both seasons. Reductions in grain yield for 1.5°C scenario arrived to -25.1 than
2011 year and -31.9% than 2012 year. Using 3.5°C scenario caused declines in grain yield arrived to -54.8% than 2011 year and -66.2% than 2012 year.
Increasing the competition on available irrigation water, climate change impacts and environmenta... more Increasing the competition on available irrigation water, climate change impacts and environmental issues create the motivation for investigating new methods for increasing water use efficiency studies on all crops. The field experiment was carried out during the two successive autumn seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 under open field conditions in protected cultivation site, Central Laboratory for Agriculture Climate (CLAC), Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. The aim of this study was determine the influence of different irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and organic mulching (bare (control), residue, compost and vermicompost) on vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).The experimental design was split plot, the irrigation requirement levels located as main plot and cover soil treatments located as sub-plot.
Using different irrigation levels and organic mulching were significantly affected vegetative growth, nutrients content (N, P, K and NO3). Data also revealed that using vermicompost soil cover decreased irrigation requirements of lettuce plants compared to bare soil cover mulch treatment. Regarding the organic mulch cover, data revealed that vermicompost recorded the highest values of number of leaves lettuce head length, lettuce head width, head density, head volume and fresh and dry weight per lettuce plant during the two successive seasons. Increasing water level up to 1.00 (ETc) enhanced yield with different organic mulching treatments. However, regardless of mulching treatments, using 0.50 (ETc) increased water use efficiency compared to using other treatments. Moreover, the number and weight of weeds per square meter were significantly higher under control treatment in comparison with organic mulching treatments, whereas, increasing irrigation level led to increase the number and weight of weeds.
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Papers by Fadl Hashem
The collected images on a scale of 1:1000000 were collected twice monthly (every 15 days) during the winter cultivation season in Egypt (November to April) for all over the Egyptian governorates within the time series from 2001 to 2010. These types of satellite images (Modies) are using to determine the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) that have been utilized in calculation the drought rates.
The aims of this study were detecting of drought-related vegetation stress and estimation of drought parameters from 2001 to 2010 in all Egyptian governorates during the winter season. Detecting of drought-related vegetation stress was done from 2001/2002 to 2009/2010 seasons respectively in all Egyptian territory during the winter season. Coastal areas mainly depend on winter annual rainfall.
The results of the monitoring drought during 9 winter seasons showed that, Northern Coastal zone was the highest affected area by drought in Egypt, and supplementary irrigation needed for improve the drought status during winter season especially in the months December, January and February to improve the winter crop productivity and enhance the food security. Furthermore, In 2009/2010 season had the longest drought period; while 2006/2007 season considered the lowest drought status season.
Keywords: - remote sensing- satellite images- drought- Vegetation Health Index (VHI).
A
field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-Dokki Experimental Farm, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, El-Giza governorate to study the effect of different irrigation requirements on plant growth and yield of tomato(LycopersiconesculentumMill.GS F1hybrid) under the white net house. The treatments were four applied irrigation levels 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 of ETo for tomato cultivated in rice straw as well as 1.00 of ETo for tomato cultivated in the clay soil (control); all irrigation treatments were applied by using drip irrigation system. Data revealed that increasing water level up to 1.00 ETo enhanced plant growth and yield followed by 1.20 ETo for tomato which cultivated in rice straw bales; control treatment came in the third option. Using 0.60 ETo increased water use efficiency compared to other irrigation treatments in this study. This paper revealed that, using rice straw as cultivation media for producing tomato can be useful for reuse the agriculture wastes and improve water use efficiency.
Key Words: Rice straw -Irrigation requirements - Water use efficiency -ETo- Net house
governorate, Egypt. The study was investigating the effects of different irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and different sources of fertilizers (inorganic fertilizers (control), cattle manure, compost and vermicompost) on some soil chemical characteristics and
vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency of head cabbage. Obtained results showed that soil pH decreased at the end of experiment with a range of 0.08-0.30, compared with before cultivation, with high decreases by 50% of ETc combined with vermicompost. ECe, on the other hand, increased due to different agricultural activities such as adding chemicals and fertilizers, with higher effect at treatment of 50% of ETc combined with cattle manure. Regarding the availability of
N, P and K in the studied soil, the results showed that, N and P values decreased after harvest of plants, K values being however increased. In addition, organic fertilizers increased soil organic matter at the end of experiment to achieve the sustainability in agriculture, compared with application of mineral fertilizers. Also, the results showed that using different irrigation levels and organic fertilizers significantly affected the vegetative growth, nutrients content N, P and K in cabbage plants. Regarding the irrigation water treatments, 100% of ETc gave the significant highest number of leaves, head length, head width, head density, head volume along with fresh
and dry weight per plant during the two studied seasons. Inorganic fertilizer treatment recorded the highest values in vegetative growth. Increasing water level up to 100% of ETc enhanced yield with different organic fertilizer treatments. However, regardless of organic fertilizer treatments, using 50% of ETc increased water use efficiency compared to other treatments of irrigation.
sustainable production to match demands of food security, especially under semi-arid
Egyptian conditions. Climate change impacts on agricultural production and the need to
mitigate green house’s gases (GHG’s) worked as a driving forces to pay more attention to
soil organic matter content and to offer different methods (aerobic composting and
vermicomposting) for recycling different organic wastes (agricultural residues and organic
urban wastes). The study aimed to investigate increasing organic soil matter content in
sandy soil by different rates and types of soil amendments as well as investigate their
effects on vegetative growth and yield of sweet pepper using a split plot design with three
replicates. The study was carried out during two growing autumn seasons of 2010/2011
and 2011/2012 at El-Bossily farm, CLAC, Agricultural Research Center, Behaira
Governorate, Egypt. Sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) cv. Godion F1 was the test crop
and vermicompost, compost and cattle manure at the rates of 2, 4 and 6% (1.8, 3.6 and
5.4 m3/plastic house of 540m2) were the soil amendment treatments. Results obtained
indicate that increasing rate of the different soil amendments from 1.8 to 5.4 m3/plastic
house led to increase in vegetative growth and significantly enhanced early and total yield
of sweet pepper. The highest values of stem diameter, total leaf area, yield and N, P were
recorded by vermicompost, while cattle manure recorded the highest plant height, number of leaves and K contents (%). Vermicomposting of organic urban wastes and composting
of agricultural residues to produce organic fertilizers instead of burning or incineration
compared to cattle manure led to the sequestrating of CO2 in the soil by 605, 430 and 286
kg/ton and conserved nitrogen fertilizer by 17.1, 11.4 and 16.9 kg/ton of vermicompost,
compost and cattle manure respectively. The use of vermicompost as a soil amendment
at the rate of 4% gave the highest economic sweet pepper yield. Organic urban wastes
could create a good source for producing soil amendment. Increasing organic soil matter
content played a vital role in crop production.
economical and sustainable advantages. The current studies were conducted during winter and summer seasons on lettuce
and egg plant respectively of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Dokki,
Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza governorate, Egypt. The main objectives were investigating the ability of use
rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of peat moss or perlite in substrate culture and to determine the effect
of treatments on vegetative growth, nutrients content (nitrogen, phosphors, potassium), as well as total yield of lettuce
and egg plant. Different sizes of chopped rice straw (8-10, 6-8, 4-6 and less than 2 mm) combined with three
vermicompost levels (5%,10% and 15% v/v) were applied in horizontal bags of substrate culture. Lettuce plant (Lactuca
sativa L.) iceberg was transplanted in October and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was transplanted in February, both
crops were cultivated in horizontal bags of substrate culture. The experiment design was a split- plot with three
replications.
The obtained results indicated that, using rice straw in a small size less than 2 mm significantly increased plant
height, number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and increased yield for both crops lettuce and eggplant.
Vermicompost at 15% gave the highest vegetative growth and yield compared with the other treatments. The smallest
size of rice straw less than 2 mm combined with vermicompost 15% increased significantly vegetative growth and total
yield of lettuce and eggplant. The physical and chemical properties of different mixtures varied from the first and second
year. The use of rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of burial or incineration led to decrease CO2
emission, save the environmental and nutrients and at the same time introduce new method for recycling rice straw.
requirements to face the food security needs. A field study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 at El-Bosaily farm in the Northern coast of Egypt. The main objectives of this study were to adapt maize production under expected climate change impacts via evaluating the response of the Single Cross 10 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid to three
different sowing dates (SD) (1st and mid of May and 1st of June) and four applied irrigation levels 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc which applied by drip irrigation system. No. of leaves, leaf area index, number of days for 50 % tasseling and silking, grain yield (g/plant), average weight of 100 seeds and straw yield (g/plant) were determined beside water use efficiency. The obtained results showed that the 0.6 and 0.8 of (ETc) irrigation treatments attributed to decline vegetative growth as well as growth yield. Nevertheless, the 1.2 irrigation treatments gave the highest grain yield and vegetative growth which was compensated the amount of water consumed. The highest yield was obtained by the second sowing date followed by the third one. The final results show that the 0.6 irrigation level gave the highest water use efficiency; increasing irrigation water above 0.6 from ETc led to decrease water use efficiency. The lowest value of seasonal water consumption was recorded by the first sowing date while the second date gave the highest seasonal water consumption. Calibration and validation of CERES-Maize crop simulation model using experimental datasets of years 2011 and 2012 were done successfully giving very excellent values for RMSE and d- Stat evaluation indexes. Environmental modification option of the model was used to rise maximum and minimum temperature by 1.5°C and 3.5°C for both seasons. Reductions in grain yield for 1.5°C scenario arrived to -25.1 than
2011 year and -31.9% than 2012 year. Using 3.5°C scenario caused declines in grain yield arrived to -54.8% than 2011 year and -66.2% than 2012 year.
Using different irrigation levels and organic mulching were significantly affected vegetative growth, nutrients content (N, P, K and NO3). Data also revealed that using vermicompost soil cover decreased irrigation requirements of lettuce plants compared to bare soil cover mulch treatment. Regarding the organic mulch cover, data revealed that vermicompost recorded the highest values of number of leaves lettuce head length, lettuce head width, head density, head volume and fresh and dry weight per lettuce plant during the two successive seasons. Increasing water level up to 1.00 (ETc) enhanced yield with different organic mulching treatments. However, regardless of mulching treatments, using 0.50 (ETc) increased water use efficiency compared to using other treatments. Moreover, the number and weight of weeds per square meter were significantly higher under control treatment in comparison with organic mulching treatments, whereas, increasing irrigation level led to increase the number and weight of weeds.
The collected images on a scale of 1:1000000 were collected twice monthly (every 15 days) during the winter cultivation season in Egypt (November to April) for all over the Egyptian governorates within the time series from 2001 to 2010. These types of satellite images (Modies) are using to determine the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) that have been utilized in calculation the drought rates.
The aims of this study were detecting of drought-related vegetation stress and estimation of drought parameters from 2001 to 2010 in all Egyptian governorates during the winter season. Detecting of drought-related vegetation stress was done from 2001/2002 to 2009/2010 seasons respectively in all Egyptian territory during the winter season. Coastal areas mainly depend on winter annual rainfall.
The results of the monitoring drought during 9 winter seasons showed that, Northern Coastal zone was the highest affected area by drought in Egypt, and supplementary irrigation needed for improve the drought status during winter season especially in the months December, January and February to improve the winter crop productivity and enhance the food security. Furthermore, In 2009/2010 season had the longest drought period; while 2006/2007 season considered the lowest drought status season.
Keywords: - remote sensing- satellite images- drought- Vegetation Health Index (VHI).
A
field experiment was conducted during two successive early summer seasons of 2013and 2014 at El-Dokki Experimental Farm, Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, El-Giza governorate to study the effect of different irrigation requirements on plant growth and yield of tomato(LycopersiconesculentumMill.GS F1hybrid) under the white net house. The treatments were four applied irrigation levels 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 of ETo for tomato cultivated in rice straw as well as 1.00 of ETo for tomato cultivated in the clay soil (control); all irrigation treatments were applied by using drip irrigation system. Data revealed that increasing water level up to 1.00 ETo enhanced plant growth and yield followed by 1.20 ETo for tomato which cultivated in rice straw bales; control treatment came in the third option. Using 0.60 ETo increased water use efficiency compared to other irrigation treatments in this study. This paper revealed that, using rice straw as cultivation media for producing tomato can be useful for reuse the agriculture wastes and improve water use efficiency.
Key Words: Rice straw -Irrigation requirements - Water use efficiency -ETo- Net house
governorate, Egypt. The study was investigating the effects of different irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and different sources of fertilizers (inorganic fertilizers (control), cattle manure, compost and vermicompost) on some soil chemical characteristics and
vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency of head cabbage. Obtained results showed that soil pH decreased at the end of experiment with a range of 0.08-0.30, compared with before cultivation, with high decreases by 50% of ETc combined with vermicompost. ECe, on the other hand, increased due to different agricultural activities such as adding chemicals and fertilizers, with higher effect at treatment of 50% of ETc combined with cattle manure. Regarding the availability of
N, P and K in the studied soil, the results showed that, N and P values decreased after harvest of plants, K values being however increased. In addition, organic fertilizers increased soil organic matter at the end of experiment to achieve the sustainability in agriculture, compared with application of mineral fertilizers. Also, the results showed that using different irrigation levels and organic fertilizers significantly affected the vegetative growth, nutrients content N, P and K in cabbage plants. Regarding the irrigation water treatments, 100% of ETc gave the significant highest number of leaves, head length, head width, head density, head volume along with fresh
and dry weight per plant during the two studied seasons. Inorganic fertilizer treatment recorded the highest values in vegetative growth. Increasing water level up to 100% of ETc enhanced yield with different organic fertilizer treatments. However, regardless of organic fertilizer treatments, using 50% of ETc increased water use efficiency compared to other treatments of irrigation.
sustainable production to match demands of food security, especially under semi-arid
Egyptian conditions. Climate change impacts on agricultural production and the need to
mitigate green house’s gases (GHG’s) worked as a driving forces to pay more attention to
soil organic matter content and to offer different methods (aerobic composting and
vermicomposting) for recycling different organic wastes (agricultural residues and organic
urban wastes). The study aimed to investigate increasing organic soil matter content in
sandy soil by different rates and types of soil amendments as well as investigate their
effects on vegetative growth and yield of sweet pepper using a split plot design with three
replicates. The study was carried out during two growing autumn seasons of 2010/2011
and 2011/2012 at El-Bossily farm, CLAC, Agricultural Research Center, Behaira
Governorate, Egypt. Sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) cv. Godion F1 was the test crop
and vermicompost, compost and cattle manure at the rates of 2, 4 and 6% (1.8, 3.6 and
5.4 m3/plastic house of 540m2) were the soil amendment treatments. Results obtained
indicate that increasing rate of the different soil amendments from 1.8 to 5.4 m3/plastic
house led to increase in vegetative growth and significantly enhanced early and total yield
of sweet pepper. The highest values of stem diameter, total leaf area, yield and N, P were
recorded by vermicompost, while cattle manure recorded the highest plant height, number of leaves and K contents (%). Vermicomposting of organic urban wastes and composting
of agricultural residues to produce organic fertilizers instead of burning or incineration
compared to cattle manure led to the sequestrating of CO2 in the soil by 605, 430 and 286
kg/ton and conserved nitrogen fertilizer by 17.1, 11.4 and 16.9 kg/ton of vermicompost,
compost and cattle manure respectively. The use of vermicompost as a soil amendment
at the rate of 4% gave the highest economic sweet pepper yield. Organic urban wastes
could create a good source for producing soil amendment. Increasing organic soil matter
content played a vital role in crop production.
economical and sustainable advantages. The current studies were conducted during winter and summer seasons on lettuce
and egg plant respectively of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Dokki,
Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza governorate, Egypt. The main objectives were investigating the ability of use
rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of peat moss or perlite in substrate culture and to determine the effect
of treatments on vegetative growth, nutrients content (nitrogen, phosphors, potassium), as well as total yield of lettuce
and egg plant. Different sizes of chopped rice straw (8-10, 6-8, 4-6 and less than 2 mm) combined with three
vermicompost levels (5%,10% and 15% v/v) were applied in horizontal bags of substrate culture. Lettuce plant (Lactuca
sativa L.) iceberg was transplanted in October and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was transplanted in February, both
crops were cultivated in horizontal bags of substrate culture. The experiment design was a split- plot with three
replications.
The obtained results indicated that, using rice straw in a small size less than 2 mm significantly increased plant
height, number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight and increased yield for both crops lettuce and eggplant.
Vermicompost at 15% gave the highest vegetative growth and yield compared with the other treatments. The smallest
size of rice straw less than 2 mm combined with vermicompost 15% increased significantly vegetative growth and total
yield of lettuce and eggplant. The physical and chemical properties of different mixtures varied from the first and second
year. The use of rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of burial or incineration led to decrease CO2
emission, save the environmental and nutrients and at the same time introduce new method for recycling rice straw.
requirements to face the food security needs. A field study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 at El-Bosaily farm in the Northern coast of Egypt. The main objectives of this study were to adapt maize production under expected climate change impacts via evaluating the response of the Single Cross 10 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid to three
different sowing dates (SD) (1st and mid of May and 1st of June) and four applied irrigation levels 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of ETc which applied by drip irrigation system. No. of leaves, leaf area index, number of days for 50 % tasseling and silking, grain yield (g/plant), average weight of 100 seeds and straw yield (g/plant) were determined beside water use efficiency. The obtained results showed that the 0.6 and 0.8 of (ETc) irrigation treatments attributed to decline vegetative growth as well as growth yield. Nevertheless, the 1.2 irrigation treatments gave the highest grain yield and vegetative growth which was compensated the amount of water consumed. The highest yield was obtained by the second sowing date followed by the third one. The final results show that the 0.6 irrigation level gave the highest water use efficiency; increasing irrigation water above 0.6 from ETc led to decrease water use efficiency. The lowest value of seasonal water consumption was recorded by the first sowing date while the second date gave the highest seasonal water consumption. Calibration and validation of CERES-Maize crop simulation model using experimental datasets of years 2011 and 2012 were done successfully giving very excellent values for RMSE and d- Stat evaluation indexes. Environmental modification option of the model was used to rise maximum and minimum temperature by 1.5°C and 3.5°C for both seasons. Reductions in grain yield for 1.5°C scenario arrived to -25.1 than
2011 year and -31.9% than 2012 year. Using 3.5°C scenario caused declines in grain yield arrived to -54.8% than 2011 year and -66.2% than 2012 year.
Using different irrigation levels and organic mulching were significantly affected vegetative growth, nutrients content (N, P, K and NO3). Data also revealed that using vermicompost soil cover decreased irrigation requirements of lettuce plants compared to bare soil cover mulch treatment. Regarding the organic mulch cover, data revealed that vermicompost recorded the highest values of number of leaves lettuce head length, lettuce head width, head density, head volume and fresh and dry weight per lettuce plant during the two successive seasons. Increasing water level up to 1.00 (ETc) enhanced yield with different organic mulching treatments. However, regardless of mulching treatments, using 0.50 (ETc) increased water use efficiency compared to using other treatments. Moreover, the number and weight of weeds per square meter were significantly higher under control treatment in comparison with organic mulching treatments, whereas, increasing irrigation level led to increase the number and weight of weeds.